सानो
फन्को २०७४
(यात्रावर्णन)
lbg]z kf}8]n
O6x/L
))))
la/fnfsf]
ofqf
cg]s sf/0fn] ofqf
ug'{k5{ dflg;n] . /f]huf/L jf hflu/sf nflu, tflnd jf cWoogsf nflu, dgf]/~hgsf
nflu, Jofkf/sf nflu, snf–;ª\uLt k|bz{gsf nflu, k|zf;lgs pQ/bfloTj jxg ubf{,
gftfuf]tf;Fu ;Dks{ sfod ug{, cfkmGtx¿sf 3/df ljjfx, j|taGw, dl/d/fpdf,
cfTd/Iffy{ z/0ffyL{ aGbf jf cfk/flws ultljlwdf nfu]sfx¿n] ck/fw ug{, ;hfoaf6
aRg–n'Sg, ;fdflhs ;/d jf nHhfsf sf/0f, tLy{ofqf p2]Zo /fv]/ cflbcflb . oLafx]s
cg]sf}F kl/j]zn] xfdLnfO{ cfkm\gf] yftynf] tTsfnsf nflu, nfd} ;dosf nflu jf
hLjgko{Gt 5f]8fpF5g\ . ko{6g dfgjhfltsf] Ps ljlzi6 :jefj xf] .
kz'n] cfxf/sf]
vf]hLdf, sfd]R5f k"lt{sf nflu / cfTd/Iffsf nflu dfq ofqf u5{ . xfdLn] k];fJoj;fosf
sf/0f, ljjfx ug{ / z/0ffyL{ aGbf, ;}Go xdnf ubf{ jf ;}Go k|lt/Iffdf kl5 x6\tf ug]{
:yfgfGt/ kz'n] ug{] ofqfs} dfgjLo ¿kdfq x'g\ . dfgjf]lrt ofqfdf æo;eGbf ptf s]
5 <Æ eGg] s't"xn, 1fgsf] ef]s jf
dgf]/~hg;d]t ;dflji6 x'g'k5{ .
dnfO{ a]nfOtL
afnuLt k';L Sof6sf] ofb cfpF5 ofqfk|;ª\u ubf{–
k';L Sof6 k';L
Sof6 x\j]/ x\of8 o' lag
cfO{ x\of8 lag 8' nG8g 6' n's P6 b lSjg
k';L Sof6 k';L
Sof6 x\jf6 l88 o' b]o/
cfO{ k|mfO6]G8 c ln6n dfp; cG8/ x/ r]o/ .
dtna Tof] la/fnf]
nG8g k'Uof] . nG8g k'u]sf] a]nf p;n] /fgLsf] bz{g ug{] cj;/ klg kfof] . clg
/fgLsf] bz{gfy{ b/af/df k'Ubf To; la/fnfn] s] u¥of] t < p;n] /fgLsf]
s';L{d'lg d';f] b]lvxfNof] . p;n] To; d';fnfO{ t;f{of] . olt u/]kl5 pm 3/ kmsL{
cfof] . dtna la/fnf] hxfF uP klg d';fs} kl5 bf}l8g] hft xf] .
xfdL klg ToxL
la/fnf]h:t} xf}F, hxfF uP klg cfkm\g} cfu|x–k"jf{u|x, OR5f, b[li6sf]0f /
:jefj lnP/ hfG5f}F . ofqfdf hfFb}df xfdLn] ToxfFsf] hghLjg, cfly{s–ef}lts /
k|fs[lts–kof{j/0fLo ljz]iftfx¿ 5n{ª\u b]Vg kfpFb}gf}F . xfdL cfkm" h]
vf]Hg–x]g{ uPsf xf}F, xfdL cfkm"df h:tf cfFvf–sfg 5g\ To;} cg';f/sf
b[Zo–kl/j]z b]v]/, x]/]/, ef]u]/ kms{g] /x]5f}F . xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] ah]6n] ;Lldt
t u5{ g}, t/ To;eGbf s7f]/ ;LdfrflxF xfdLleq}sf cfu|x–k"jf{u|x,
cWoog–c1fgtf, b[li6sf]0f–cGwf]kgn] sf]l//x]sf x'G5g\ .
))))
km]l/
csf{] ef/t–ofqf
uPsf] b;}Fkl5
cyf{t\ @)&# c;f]h sflt{sdf ha xfdLn] agf/;, cxdbfafb, ufGwLgu/,
h'gfu9–lu/gf/ kj{t, ;f]dgfy, åf/sf, hfdgu/–gjtgk'/L, cDafhL, dfpG6 cfa",
pbok'/, lrQf}8u9, lbNnL, cfu/f 3'd]/ 6'G8nf x'Fb} 3/ kmSof}F{, To; ofqfsf]
l;sfO, cfgGb, /f]df~rstf / ;kmntfn] -c;kmntf, b'Mv / emd]nfn] klg_ dnfO{ csf{]
ef/tofqfsf] 8f]/f] ;dfTg xf}:ofO/x]sf] lyof] . t/ To;sf nflu kof{Kt ;do, ;fy /
k};f rflxGYof] . k};f t To:t} xf], ;fydf geP l/gkfg u/]/ eP klg sfd rnfpg
;lsGYof], w]/} vlr{nf] / nfdf] ofqfsf] ljifodf d sNkg} ulb{gF, t/ ;do / ;fysf] ljifodf
To:tf] gx'''g] .
d}n] lx;fa u/]F M
rf}jGg jif{sf] eO;lsof] . ca zf/Ll/s ;lqmotfsf nflu slt g} pd]/ afFsL 5 / <
ofqfsf] lg0f{o ug{] u/L cfTdlge{/tfsf] pd]/ dl;t ca b;–kGw| jif{ klg afFsL 5}g
. cfkm" 8fOlal6hsf] la/fdL 5', ;LtfnfO{ xfOk/6]G;g 5 . o:tf] zf/Ll/s
;Lldttfn] b}lgs ultljlwnfO{ klg ;Ldfdf afFW5 . ofqfnfO{ klg afFWg] eOuf] .
casf] s]xL jif{b]lv ptf t ;fydf e/kbf{ pd]/bf/ dflg; geO{ d}n] ofqfdf lg:sg
cfF6 klg ug{ x'Fb}g . To;}n] klg d casf x/]s 5'§L / pT;jnfO{ d]/f] x[bodf n's]/
a;]sf] ofq'nfO{ hufpg]5' . :jf:Yo, ;do, wg / ;fy h'6\gf;fy d To; ofq'nfO{ 3/af6
lgsflnxfNg]5' .
ljZjsf c¿ b]z
3'Dg gkfpg]–g;Sg] g]kfnLn] sDtLdf klg ef/t ofqf ug'{ h?/L b]V5' d . lsgeg] ef/t
ljzfn 5, ef/t /x:odo 5 . xfdL g]kfnLnfO{ ef/t e|d0f ug{ w]/} sfg'gL sl7gfO 5}g
/ ef/tofqf w]/} vlr{nf] klg 5}g .
))))
@)&$ ;fn ;fpg
!# ut] z'qmjf/ . a]n'sf ^ ah] . lj/f6gu/sf] dx]Gb|rf]sdf xfdL x:ofªkm:ofª ub{}
lyof}F . ;fpgsf] dlxgf, df};d eg]hlt v'n]sf] lyPg . lj/f6gu/–O6x/L ;8sv08 rf}8f
kfg{] sfd rln/x]sf] 5 . o;} eP/ lxhf]cfh of t w'nf] p8]/ x}/fg kf5{ of t lxnf]
srsr eP/ x'?Ss agfpF5 . OGb|hL / pxfFsL kTgL sdnf Dofd xfdL b'O{nfO{ kv{]/ Ps
306fb]lv l/S;f, 6]Dkf], a;, 6«s / cg]s ;jf/Ln] agfpg] w'nf] / w'jfF vfFb}
al;/xg'ePsf] lyof], tf]lsPsf] ;doeGbf pxfFx¿ Ps 306fcufj} ;f] :yfgdf
cfOk'Ug'ePsf] lyof] eg] xfdLrflxF s]xL l9nf] ePsf lyof}F .
sdnf DofdnfO{
x]/]F, kxf8L /xg;xgdf x's{]a9]sL lzlIftf gf/Ldf x'g] ;/ntf, :jf:Yo, ¿k/ª /
zf/Ll/s :km"lt{ pxfFdf el/e/fp lyof] . kxf8sf psfnf] / cf]/fnf]n] tof/
kf/]sf] ul7nf] Hofgdf 5l/tf] njfOn] pxfFdf ljz]if cfsif{0f ylkPsf] lyof] . t/ gofF
ofqfsf nflu lg:s]sf] dflg;df x'g] clgZroefj /
lhDd]jf/Laf]wn] eg]hlt v'n]/ af]ln/xg'ePsf] lyPg pxfF . OGb|hLdf rflxF cfjZos
cfTdljZjf; b]lvof] . cFWof/f] ev{/} km}lnPsfn] htftt} ;jf/L;fwgx¿sf x]8nfO6sf]
cfFvf l6Kg] s8f k|sfz / sfg} vfg] 6ØfF6ØfF / 6"F6"F lyof] .
xfdL hf]uagL hfg
l7Ss k/]sf] a;df rl9xfNof}F . hf]uagL k'u]/ o;f] vfglkg ug'{ lyof] . ofqfsf
nflu gk'u ;fdfg s]xL b]lvP lsGg' klg lyof] . To;}n] gf} ah]lt/ rNg] /]nsf nflu
xfdL ;f9] 5 ah]lt/ k'luxfNg] tof/Ldf lyof}F . hf]uagL /]nj] :6];gdf k'u]/
cfkm"l;t ePsf ;fdfgdf s'gs'g s'/fsf] sdL 5 hfFra'em u¥of}F . vf;} s]xL
;fdfg lslg/xg'kg{] b]lvPg .
OGb| ;/ / Dofdsf
nflu gofF cg'ejsf] z[ª\vnf ;'? eOxfNof] .
hLjgdf slxNo} glhsaf6 6]«g gb]v]sf dflg;, Psvfn] s't"xn, cJoSt eo / cGof]n
t 5Fb} lyof] xf]nf . hf]uagLaf6 lbNnLsf] cfgGblaxf/;Dd b}lgs ¿kdf rNg] ;Ldf~rn
PS;k|]; 6«]g ;dodf grNg] x'gfn] abgfd 5, t/ cfh Tof] 6«]g klg ;dod} cfOlbof] .
xfdL rf/}hgf a]n'sf ;f9] cf7 aHg nfUbf !@$*& ;Ldf~rn PS;k|]; 6«]gdf l:nk/
Snf;sf] l8Aaf P; % df r9\of}F .
))))
lnR5ljx¿
/fte/ /]nsf]
xNnfO, xf]xNnf / k|sfzsf] cfbt gk/]sf xfdL ca]/ lgbfPsf lyof}F . kmnfd]
k'ndflysf] ?vf] / sfg} vfg] v8sv8s cfjfhn] laxfgkvsf] lgb|fdf k/]sf eP klg
lgb|f layf]lnlbP/ lapFemfof] . uª\ufhLsf] k'ndf cfO;lsPsf] /x]5 . of] k'n nfdf]
g nfdf] 5 . ;f9] kfFr lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] o; kmnfd] k'ndf /]n lxF8\bf Ps lsl;dsf]
gofF pQ]hgfTds cg'ej x'g k'U5 . tn gbLdf ;of}F 8'ª\ufx¿ df5f dfg{ lg:s]sf 5g\ .
gbLsf] wldnf] kfgL cgGt;Dd km}lnPem}F nfU5 . xfdLnfO{ oxfF axg] uª\ufhL s'g}
gbL geP/ ;d'b|sf] Ps v08h:tf] cg'ej x'G5 . uª\ufhLsf] ljzfntf / km}nfj6sf]
cg'e"lt xf];\ eg]/ d}n] OGb| ;/ / sdnf Dofdsf] Wofg Totf tfg]F .
df};d wldnf] 5 .
cfsfz afbnn] 9fs] klg To;}To;} gdL7f] vfnsf] u'D;f] 5 . hLp kl;gfn] RofkRofk 5
. laxfgsf] ;do zLtntf, :km"lt{ / gjLg ;f]rsf] x'g'kg{]df xfdLnfO{ udL{,
cfn:o / af]wf]kg cg'ej eO/x]sf] 5 . dflg;x¿ o; k'nsf] nDafO P3f/ lsnf]ld6/ eGbf
/x]5g\ .
d}n] j}lbs Oltxf;
;Dem]F, oxfFb]lv lxdfno;Dd s'g} ;dodf 3gf hª\un lyof] . j]bsf] ;dosf ljj/0f
k9\bf oxfF 3g3f]/ hª\un lyof] eGg] hfgsf/L ldNb5 . bnbn, l5kl5k] kfgLsf] cfk§]sf]
hª\un / 8/nfUbf hª\unL hGt'sf] ;fd|fHo x'gfn] dflg;x¿ o; hª\unsf] af6f] eP/ st}
hfg ;St}gy] .
oxfF uª\ufaf6
pQ/kl§sf] j}zfnL /fHo Ps u0f/fHo lyof] / ;fdGtx¿sf] e]nfn] gofF /fhf r'GbYof] .
tL /fhfsf] d[To'kl5 ;fdGtx¿ e]nf eO{ csf{] /fhf lgo'St ub{y] . o;/L gful/sx¿af6
/fhf r'lgg] oxfFsf] k|yf cfw'lgs u0f/fHosf] cjwf/0ffsf] k|f¿k lyof] eGg ;lsG5 .
t/ tL /fhfx¿n] /fhlu/sf /fhf chftzq'sf] cfqmd0f ;xg ug{ ;s]gg\ . /fhf chftzq'
cToGt zlStzfnL lyP . j}zfnLsf zf;su0f chftzq'af6 aRg pQ/ efUb}efUb} g]kfn k;] .
g]kfnsf lnR5ljj+zL /fhfx¿ ltg} j}zfnLaf6 efuL cfPsf lnR5ljx¿ lyP .
lnR5ljsfnnfO{
g]kfnsf] :j0f{o'u elgG5 . o;} a]nfb]lv g]kfnsf] Oltxf;sf k|df0fx¿ e]l6Psf 5g\ .
ejglgdf{0f, zf;gJoj:yf, snf, ;flxTo, ;fdflhs ;'wf/, e"ldJoj:yf, j}b]lzs
;DaGw cflbdf lnR5ljsfn cToGt cufl8 lyof] . lnR5ljx¿n] sf];Lb]lv s0ff{nL;Ddsf]
g]kfnnfO{ cfkm\gf] zf;gdf NofPsf lyP . g]kfnsf] Jofkf/ ef/t / rLg;Dd km}lnPsf]
lyof] . d]/f] dgdf Oltxf;sf] lstfasf tL kfgfx¿ klN6O/x] .
eujfg\ a'4
lnR5ljx¿sf] o; j}zfnL k|b]zdf cfO/xg'–x'GYof] . o;} If]qdf eujfg\ a'4sL Ps
elStgL lyO{, cfd|kfnL . Tof] gfd'b j]Zof lyO{ t/ eujfg\ k6sk6s To;sxfF
cfO/xg'x'GYof] . cfd|kfnLn] cg]s au}Frf, tnfp / b/af/x¿ ;ª\3nfO{ ck{0f u/]sL
lyO{ elgG5 .
))))
k6gf
gbL kf/ ugf{;fy
/]nsf] ult Psbd wLdf x'gk'Uof] . /]ndfu{ df]l8g] / glhs} ;x/ tyf /]nj] :6];g
eP/ klg xf]nf . /]ndfu{;Fu} k6gf ;x/n] agfPsf] k'nh:tf] cfsf;] ;8s hfG5 . t/
Tof] ;~rfngdf cfpg cem} lgs} jif{ nfU5 xf]nf .
xfdL lgs}a]/sf]
wLdf ofqfultkl5 kf6lnk'q :6];gdf cf]ln{of}F . ofq'dWo] s]xL dfq xfdL;Fu cf]n{]sf
lyP . :6];gaf6 aflx/ lg:sgf;fy laxf/sf cGo ;x/df x'g] xf]xNnfeGbf cem rsf{]
xf]xNnf ;'Gg'k5{ oxfF . 6]S;Ljfnf, cf6f]jfnf, 6]Dkf]jfnf, xf]6njfnf /
xhf/yf]s–jfnfx¿sf] sfgsf] hfnL k'm6fpg] cfjfh l5rf]Nb} xfd|f] 6f]nL cfkm\gf
kf]sfk'Gt'/f em'G8\ofpFb} ;fd'Gg]sf] lrofk;ndf k:of], /ftsf] cldnf] lgb|f /
laxfgsf] aflkmFbf] udL{af6 d'lSt kfpg] nfn;fdf .
lrofk;n c:yfoL
6x/fdf rn]sf] lyof] . tftf] lrof ;'?Kk kfb{} ubf{ lrofk;n];Fu ;'emfj dfu]F– æk6gf
;x/ s;/L 3'Dg' 7Ls xf]nf < xfdL g]kfnaf6 3'Dg cfPsf, cfhsf] b;–afx| 306f
k6gf ;x/sf] ofqfnfO{ 5'6ØfPsf 5f}F .Æ
æk6gfdf x]g{ nfos
s'/f t w]/} 5g\ . s]]s] x]g{] of]hgf 5 lg <Æ k;n] ;xof]uL /x]5 .
d}n] eg]F– ætVt
>L k6gf ;flxa, ufGwL 3f6, k6gf 3f6, ufGwL ;ª\u|xfno, k6gf ;ª\u|xfno, cud
s'cfF, k6gb]jL, s'd|xf/, uf]n3/, a'4 :d[lt kfs{ . xfdL kb|L sL xj]nL, xfO{
sf]6{, ;]qm]6fl/o6, Knfg]6f]l/od, zxLb :df/s, 3/]n' pBf]u Do'lhod, u'Nhf/ afu /
j}zfnL klg x]g{ rfxG5f}F .Æ k6gfsf dlGb/, ;ª\u|xfno, 3f6, P]ltxfl;s kfs{ /
w/f]x/x¿ x]/]/ k6gfnfO{ glhsaf6 hfGg] d]/f] OR5f cfh k"/f x'g] b]lvFb}
lyof] .
æolt ;a} 3'Dg t
Ps xKtf nfUnf .Æ k;n]n] d':sfpFb} eGof] .
æxfdL cfh Ps
lbgdf hlt EofpF5f}F, Tolt dfq 3'Dg] .Æ
k;n]n] lrofsf]
k};f lnFb} eGof]– æx]gf{];\, tkfO{Fx¿n] hfg rfx]sf :yfg;Dd k'Ugsf nflu sltko
uNnLdf lbpF;f] c6f]l/S;f / 6]S;L rNg kfpFb}gg\ . lbpF;f]sf] k6gfsf] 6«flkms hfd
sxfnLnfUbf] x'G5 . To;}n] a? Aof6/Laf6 rNg] l/S;f kqmg'xf];\ . To;n] ;a}lt/ hfg
kfpF5, To;}af6 ;lhnf] .Æ
kfFr ?lkofF sksf]
lrof lkP/ xfdL lrofk;n]sf] ;'emfj dfGb} xfdLsxfF l;6L ;kmf/L elgg] u/]sf]
Aof6/Ln] rNg] l/S;f kqmg tof/ eof}F . t/ of] ;jf/L;fwg l9nf] / a9L pkmfg{] x'G5
. o;sf] rSsfdf ;s–ck x'Fb}g / ;x/sf] ;8sdf vfN6fv'N6L 5g\ eg] xfd|f ;a} hf]gL{
vNalng] u/L o;n] 9S9Sofpg]5 eGg] 8/ 5 lbgel/df .
æaf6f] v/fa 5}g .
8/fpg'kb{}g .Æ rfnsn] xfdLnfO{ ;fGTjgf lbg] lx;fan] eGof] .
k6gfsf nfdf g
nfdf uNnLdf xfdL æl;6L ;kmf/LÆ l/S;f kqm]/ lxF8\of}F . lgs}a]/ b'O{tn] ;8ssf]
tNnf] tnf eP/ xfd|f] l/S;f s'b\of] . af6fdf kg{] cg]s kfs{, v]nd}bfg / ejgx¿
lrgfpFb} l/S;frfns xfdLnfO{ cl3 a9fpFYof] . pm xfd|f] ufO8 eO/x]sf] lyof] .
))))
cfh
dlGb/x¿sf] dfq bz{g ug{] xf] ls <
æoxL xf] pRr
Gofofno .Æ l/S;frfnsn] Pp6f ljzfn ejgcufl8 k'u]kl5 eGof] . k6gf pRr Gofofno
;fFRr} eJo /x]5 . ;]qm]6fl/o6 lalN8ªcufl8 k'u]kl5 pm /f]lsof] .
ækmf]6f] cflb
lng'eP x'G5 .Æ p;n] eGof] .
clg k6gf ljZjljBfno
/ s]xL sn]hx¿ b]lvP . k6gfsf] o; v08sf rf}af6fx¿, rf]sx¿ / kfs{x¿ km/flsnf / eJo
lyP . kf]:6 clkm;, k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no / ljwfg;ef ejgx¿ klg af6}df kbf{ /x]5g\
.
lgs}a]/ s'bfPkl5
p;n] xfdLnfO{ Psbd ;fFu'/f] uNnLsf] af6f] eP/ k6gb]jLsf] dlGb/df k'¥ofof] .
p;}sf] ;Nnfxcg';f/ xfdLn] xfd|f] o;kN6sf] ofqf ;j{k|yd k6gb]jLsf] bz{g u/]/ ;'?
ug{ nfu]sf lyof}F . k6gb]jL zlStkL7 ef/tjif{el/ 5l/Psf b]jLsf PsfpGg
zlStkL7dWo] Ps xf] / k6gf ;x/sf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] dlGb/ klg xf] . o; :yndf
;tLb]jLsf] bfofF lt3|f ktg ePsf] elgG5 . k6gb]jLsf] bz{g ug{sf nflu Psl5g
nfOgdf pleg'k¥of] . k08fx¿n] k};f r9fpg lgs} s/ ubf{ /x]5g\ . ToxfF klg
dlGb/cufl8 rKkn /flvlbG5f}F eg]/ lrRofpFb} kmn, k|;fb, km"n, w"kbLk /
b]jLnfO{ r9fpg] sk8f a]Rg an ubf{ /x]5g\ . aNnaNn tL ;a l5rf]Nb} bz{g ug{
;Sof}F .
k6gb]jL zlStkL7
xfd|f] bGtsfnLh:t} nfUbf] /x]5 . w/fgsf] bGtsfnL / sf7df8f}Fsf] u'x\o]Zj/L u/L
b'O{ zlStkL7 g]kfndf 5g\ .
æcarflxF dlGb/df
ghfg], x} <Æ OGb| ;/n] eGg'eof] . dlGb/df k;n], k08f / k'hf/Ln] k};f emfg{
u/]sf] ltu8d / cTofrf/ ;xg pxfFnfO{ ufx|f] k/]sf] lyof] .
æx'G5 .Æ d}n]
eg]F .
dlGb/ ;fF3'/f]
7fpFdf eP klg 7"n} xf] . /ftf] /ªn] dlGb/ /FufOPsf] /x]5 / d"nåf/dfly
lzjhLn] ;tLb]jLsf] d[t z/L/ af]s]/ lxFl8/x]sf] emNsg] d"lt{ /x]5 . xfdLn]
wGo dx;'; u¥of}F . s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lvr]kl5 xfdL ToxfFaf6 lg:Sof}F . xfd|f] æl;6L
;kmf/LÆ l/S;f clns k/ xfdLnfO{ klv{/x]sf] /x]5 . clg xfdL tVt >L k6gf ;flxa
hfg nfUof}F . tVt >L k6gf ;flxa l;vx¿sf] tLy{:yn xf] . >L x/dlGb/ klg
eGbf /x]5g\ To;nfO{ . of] u'? >L uf]ljGbl;+xsf] dlGb/ /x]5 . l;vx¿sf clGtd
cyf{t\ b;f}F wd{u'? >L uf]ljGb l;+x o;} ;x/df hGd]sf lyP .
tVt>L x/dGb/
;flxarflxF eJo ejgdf /x]5 . dfa{n g} dfa{nsf] ljzfn If]qkmndf km}lnPsf] cToGt
Jojl:yt dlGb/ /x]5 of] . ;/;kmfO / eStx¿sf] Joj:yfkg klg ;d'lrt . clg k|To]s
cfuGt's eStnfO{ lkmg{] a]nfdf k|;fbsf] Joj:yf /x]5 . ToxfF lgMz'Ns ef]hgsf] klg
Joj:yf 5 eg]/ atfOof] t/ xfdL xtf/df lyof}F . dlGb/df kfOg] lgMz'Ns vfgfsf]
cg'ej glnO{sg xfdL ptf sª\ug 3f6 uof}F .
aflx/ lg:sg]
a]nfdf d}n] OGb| ;/nfO{ ;f]w]F– æs:tf] nfUof] t of] dlGb/ <Æ
æcfxf Û dlGb/ t o:tf] kf] x'g'k5{ t Û ;kmf;'U3/ .
km/flsnf] . oxfFsf dflg; klg slt ldhfl;nf Û clusf] dlGb/sf
k'hf/L–k08fx¿ t n'6]/} lyP lg .Æ
æu'? uf]ljGb l;+xÆ l;vx¿sf b;f}F
u'? x'g\ . pgL oxLF !^^^ df k6gf ;flxadf hGd]sf x'g\ . pgsL kTgL ædftf u''h/LÆ klg oxLF hGd]sL lyOg\ . tkfO{FnfO{ u'? uf]ljGbl;+xsf]
hGd:yn b]vfpg kfpFbf dnfO{ v';L nfu]sf] 5 . gfnGbf, j}zfnL, /fhlu/ / kfjfk'/Lsf
sf/0f klg of] ;x/ k|l;4 5 .Æ xfd|f] rfnsn] xfdLnfO{ sª\ug 3f6lt/ nUg] a]nfdf
eGof] .
sª\ug 3f6 Psbd}
glhs} /x]5 . k}bn} hfFbf klg ;xh} k'lug], t/ xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] l;6L ;kmf/Ln]
nlulbOxfNof] . sª\ug 3f6af6 uª\uf gbL x]bf{ ;d'b|h:t} nfUg] . ;d'b|n] lsgf/fdf
ljzfn em6\sf lbg] lsl;dsf 5fn k7fpF5 t/ oxfF To:tf] 5fn lyPg . kljq uª\uf gbL
zflGtk"j{s blIf0fk"j{tkm{ alx/x]sf] lyof]– ePe/sf] kmf]x/d}nf, lxnf],
emf/kft / cGo kbfy{ cfkm";Fu axfpFb} . kfl/kl§sf ¿v / ufpFx¿ x':;'[h:tf]
wldnf] x'gfn] b]lvPgg\ .
sª\ug 3f6sf af/]
Ps ls+jbGtL /x]5 M u'? uf]]ljGb l;+x -/fo_ n] afNosfn 5Fbf u/]sf] rfFbLsf]
afnf;DaGwL nLnfsf] syf xf] . xfdLnfO{ 3f6sf Pshgf l;v u'?n] 3f6sf] dlGb/df of]
syf ;'gfP . pgsf cg';f/ o; 3f6df afns uf]ljGb l;+x cfkm\gf afn;vfx¿;Fu v]Ng'x'GYof]
. Ps lbg v]Nb} ubf{ u'? uf]ljGb l;+xn] cfkm\gf] xftsf] rfFbLsf] afnf 3f6d}
x/fpg'eP5 . 3/ k'Ubf cfdfn] ;f]Wg'eP5 M æafa" Û v} t sª\ug <Æ
æ3f6d} x/fof]
xf]nf .Æ
cfdf Toqf] dxFuf]
sª\ug x/fPsfdf cflQFb} 3f6tkm{ bf}l8g'–eP5 . x/fPsf] afnf s] e]l6GYof] Û e]l6Pg . cfdfn] ;f]Wg'eP5– æv} t, sxfF x/fPsf] xf] <Æ
æsª\ug ToxLF 5 t ÛÆ afns uf]ljGb l;+xn] xfF:t} eGg'eP5 .
geGb} cfdfn]
e'OFdf x]bf{ Pp6f sª\ug b]Vg'eP5 . Tof] l6Kgf;fy ToxLF csf{] sª\ug b]lvP5, clg
csf{] clg csf{] klg e]l6P5 . xfdL slxn]sfxLF ;kgfdf To:tf] b]V5f}F . Pp6f k};f
e]l6G5, clg Tof] l6Kg vf]Hbf csf{] clg csf{] clg csf{] === .
o:tf]
rdTsf/k"0f{ nLnfn] afns uf]ljGb l;+xsf] b}jL zlStdfly cfdfsf] ljZjf; k}bf
eP5 .
rfFbLsf /
rfFbLh:t} b]lvg] afnf a]Rg] ;fgf;fgf k;nx¿ nx/} lyP . k;n]x¿ xfdLnfO{ b]v]/
s/fpg yfn] . tLy{ofqL / c¿ ko{6sx¿ ToxfF afnf lsGbf /x]5g\– sª\ug 3f6sf eg]/ .
clg Tof] afnf 3/df sf];]nL nUbf /x]5g\ . xfd|f] nfdf] ofqf e/v/ ;'? ePsf] dfq
lyof] / oxLFb]lv ef/L yKg' 7Ls x'Fb}gYof] . xfdLn] of}6f klg sª\ug lsg]gf}F .
Ps–b'O{cf]6f sª\ug
lsg]sf] eP vf;} km/s gkg{] /x]5 .
))))
xfd|f] l;6L ;kmf/Ln]
To;kl5 xfdLnfO{ k6gfsf cg]s uNnL 3'dfof]] . Pp6f Psbd kmf]xf]/ af6f]af6 lgs}a]/
lxF8fPkl5 p;n] Ps s'gfdf k'¥ofP/ 5f8\of] .
rfnsn] eGof]– æof]
k'ndfly r9\g'xf];\ / /]ndfu{ kf/ ug'{xf];\ . ptfkl§ zLtnfdfO{sf] dlGb/ 5 .
dlGb/sf] k5fl8kl§ cud s'cfF 5 . d oxLF klv{/fv]sf] x'G5' . aL; ldg]6leqdf
cfOk'Ug'xf]nf . d]/f] gfd cho efO{ xf] / kmf]g gDa/ *@(@@!@!^^ xf] .Æ
æx;\ .Æ d}n]
cf1fsf/L afnssf em}F eg]F . To;kl5 xfdL cK7\of/f] l;F9L r9]/ /]ndfu{ kf/ ug{]
k'n eP/ kfl/kl§ nfUof}F . ;LtfnfO{ 3'F8fdf ;d:of 5 . 8fS6/n] l;F9L gr9\g eg]sf]
5 . t/ oxfF t l;F9L klg nfdfnfdf v'6\lsnf ePsf] cToGt cK7\of/f] 5 . of] gr9L /
kfl/kl§ k'u]/ gcf]nL{ cud s'cfF b]Vg kfOFb}gYof] . h;f]t;f] pgL plSng\ .
d'lgaf6 Psbd eL8ef8o'St k];]Gh/ 6«]g cfpg yfNof] . eL8ef8 ePsf] 6«]g b]v]/ d
To;sf] lel8of] lvRg nfu]F . yfxf kfpg] ofq'x¿ d]/f] sfddf ;dy{g hgfpg xft
xNnfpFb} lrRofP . hlt;'s} c;lhnf] / c;'ljwf eP klg ef/tLox¿ /dfOnf] ug{,
xfF;f]–7§f ug{ pkfo lgsflnxfN5g\ .
clg xfdLn]
cfFugaf6} zLtnfdfO{sf] bz{g u¥of}F . of] b'uf{ dftfsf] dlGb/ xf] . of] klg Ps
zlStkL7 g} xf] . t/ xfd|f] Wofg cuds'cfFlt/ lyof] . zLtnfdfO{sf] dlGb/sf] 7Ls
k5fl8 /x]5 cud s'cfF . ljzfn 5 Tof] Ogf/ . ls+jbGtLcg';f/ ;d|f6\ czf]sn] cfkm";Fu
b':dgL df]Ng] bfh'efOx¿nfO{ o; Ogf/df kmfn]sf lyP /] . oxfF leq k:g dfq x}g
ToxfFsf] kfgL klg 7Ls;Fu x]g{ ;lsFb}g . Ogf/nfO{ 5fgf] agfP/ 9flsPsf] 5 / cUnf]
leQfdf /ft} /ªn] /FufOPsf] 5 . dflg;x¿n] zLtnfdfO{sf] k"hf ul/;s]kl5 o;
Ogf/sf] klg k"hf ub{} u/]sf] b]lvof] . xfdLn] xft hf]8]/ c¿ tLyf{n'sf em}F
kl/qmdf u¥of}F .
æcfh dlGb/sf] dfq
bz{g ug{] xf] <Æ OGb| ;/n] eGg'eof] . xfdL o; dlGb/sf] bz{gsf nflu tfs]/
cfPsf lyPgf}F t/ cuds'cfF x]g{ cfpFbf zlStkL7 x'gfn] aflx/}af6 eP klg bz{g
u/]sf lyof}F . aflx/}af6 bz{g u/]sfn] k08fx¿sf] rª\u'ndf rflxF km:g'k/]sf] lyPg
.
x'g t k6gf ;'tL{,
lrgL sf/vfgfx¿, sk8f, efF8fs'F8f, Knfl:6ssf ;fdfg / cg]s b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t'x¿ agfpg]
pBf]usf nflu gfd'b 5 . oxfF a8]a8] pBf]uwGbf 5g\, 7"nf7"nf c:ktfn,
v]nd}bfg, kfs{, lrl8ofvfgf / ljZjljBfno 5g\ . ljZjljBfno / Psb'O{ 7"nf
c:ktfnsf] /fd|f] e|d0f ug{ ;Sg] xf] eg] hfgsf/L hLjgf]kof]uL x'g] ;Defjgf t lyof]
t/ logsf] e|d0f ug{] d]/f] dg lyPg .
zLtnfdfO{sf] bz{g
u/]/ kms{Fbf laxfgsf] ;jf gf} dfq ah]sf] eP klg clns udL{ a9]sf] lyof] . ;a}n]
dhf;Fu kmnkm"nsf] /; lkof}F . oxfF cfFk, d]jf, pv', :ofp, cª\u'/ / cgf/sf]
tfhf /; a]Rg] w]/}j6f ;–:ofgf 3'DtLk;nx¿ /x]5g\ .
xfd|f] cho efO
/dfOnf] dflg; /x]5 . p;sf] 3/ kfjfk'/Lg]/ bz/yk'/df /x]5 . ufpFdf p;sf kl/jf/hg
a:tf /x]5g\ / tL; jif{b]lv pm k6gfdf sfd u/]/ a;]sf] /x]5 . clxn] a:t} u/]sf]
8]/fdf cfPsf] klg kGw| jif{ eO;s]sf] /x]5 . g]kfnaf6 avf{ofdsf] 5'§Ldf k6gf ;x/
3'Dg cfPsf lzIfsx¿ xf}F eg]kl5 p;n] xfdLk|lt >4fefj k|s6 ug{ yfNof] . emg\
ef]ln kfjfk'/L hfg] eg]sf] ;'g]/ p;n] xfd|f] ljz]if jf:tf ug{ klg yfNof] .
ædO{–h'gsf]
udL{df 5'§L gu/]/ ca zLtn ;'? ePkl5 5'§L <Æ p;n] ;f]Wof] .
æxfdLsxfF k6gfdf
em}F udL{ x'Fb}g . To;}n] xfdLsxfF udL{labf geP/ avf{labf x'G5 .Æ d}n] eg]F .
clg p;n] xfdLnfO{
k|frLg kf6lnk'q cyf{t\ s'd|xf/lt/ lnP/ uof] .
æo; :yfgdf ;d|f6\
czf]ssf :tDex¿sf] ;+/If0f u/]/ /flvPsf] 5 .Æ s'd|xf/sf] u]6df k'u]kl5 cho efOn]
eGof]– æl6s6 sf6]/ leq hfg'xf]nf . oxfFsf] kfs{df c¿ ljz]if s]xL 5}g . ;s];Dd
l56} cfpg'xf]nf . d oxLF klv{/x]sf] x'g]5' .Æ
s'[d|xf/ kfs{ eJo
/x]5 . laxfg}b]lv cfsfz w'lDdO/x]sf] lyof] . cfsfz w'lDdPsf] x'gfn] g} cfhsf]
xfd|f] 3'dfO sd si6s/ ePsf] xf] gq k6gfdf o; ;dodf 8/nfUbf] udL{ x'g] lyof] .
hlt w'lDdP klg xfdLnfO{ s]xL lyPg, a? emg\ ;xh ePsf] lyof] . ofqfsf kmf]6f] tyf
lel8of] o:tf] df};ddf klg /fd|} lvlrO/x]sf lyP .
OGb| ;/ aNn v';L
b]lvg'eof] . ofqfsf x/]s sbd pxfFsf nflu gf}nf cg'ej lyP, t/ klg o:tf] ;kmf /
km/flsnf] kfs{df cfOk'u]kl5 pxfFsf] ;'Gb/tfk|ltsf] nufjn] zAb kfPsf] lyof]– æxfdLsxfF
slxn] olt ;'Gb/ kfs{ aGnf <Æ
æs] aGYof] <
xfd|fnfO{ t b]z n'6\gd} km';{t 5}g .Æ xfd|f g]tfx¿k|ltsf] ;Ltfsf] cfqmf]z
k6gfsf] o; ;'Gb/ kfs{df kf]lvof] .
s'd|xf/sf] e|d0f
;s]kl5 aflx/ lg:sgf;fy kfgL kg{ yfNof] . cf/Ln] 3f]K6ØfPh:tf] eG5g\ lg, xf]
To:t} u/L kfgL cf]Ol/of] . x]bf{x]b{} ;8s t gx/df ablnof] . xfd|f
kf]sfk'Gt'/fx¿ aRg ;s]gg\ . emf]nfleqsf sk8f leHb} 5g\ eGg] yfxf kfP klg ;fgf]
l;6L ;kmf/Ldf xfdL rf/}hgf gr6k6fO{ r'krfk al;/x\of}F . lar/f cho efOn]
cfkm" leh]/ eP klg cfkm\gf] ;fydf ePsf] Knfl:6sn] xfd|f emf]nfem\ofD6fnfO{
leHgaf6 hf]ufpg k|oTg ul//x\of] . p;n] dnfO{ jiff{n] k6gf ;x/sf uNnL gx/ ePsf]
b[Zosf] kmf]6f] / lel8of] lvRg eGof] .
kfgL yfldPkl5
xfdL sxLF uP/ vfg] ;'/df lyof}F . laxfgb]lv s]xL vfg cg's"ntf ldln/x]sf]
lyPg . laxfg Ps–sk lrof / ;f9] gf} ah]lt/ PsPs lunf; kmnkm"nsf] /;
e]6]b]lv otf eg]h:tf] 7fpF ldn]sf] lyPg . rfnsn] xfdLnfO{ lgs}a]/ 3'dfP/
;fFu'/f] uNnLsf] af6f] nu]/ k6gf /]nj] :6];gg]/sf] Pp6f ;fgf] / ;:tf] xf]6ndf
k'¥ofof] . ;a}n] eft, ;'Svf /f]6L / bfn–t/sf/L vfP/ cfkm\gf] aGbf]a:t u¥of}F .
clg xfd|f] 6f]nL
a'4 :d[lt kfs{lt/ nfUof] . kfs{ 7"nf] 5 / ToxfFsf] kf6lnk'q s?0ff
:t"k Psbd 7"nf] / eJo 5 . km/flsnf] kfs{ km"n}km"nn]
;hfOPsf] 5 . htf klg dw'/ ;ª\uLt / w'g . ;a} dfOsx¿ cG8/u|fpG8 x'gfn] hxfF klg
hldgd'lgaf6 ;ª\uLt ah]sf] nfUg] . Psbd ;kmf, zfGt, km/flsnf] / dgf]/d . xfdL
oxfF nueu Ps 306f /dfof}F .
o;kl5 xfdLn]
ufGwL ;ª\u|xfno hfg' lyof] . t/ xfd|f] b'ef{Uo, zlgjf/ ufGwL ;ª\u|xfno aGb
ul/Fbf] /x]5 . x]g{ kfOPg . t}klg xfdLn] To; ;ª\u|xfno kl/;/df kmf]6f] lvr]/
lrQ a'emfpg sf]l;; u¥of}F . ufGwL ;ª\u|xfnodf cfOk'u]kl5 OGb| ;/sf] ;Gt'li6
5tf5'Nn kf]lvPsf] lyof] .
ufGwL ;ª\u|xfno x]g{ gkfPsf] d]/f] lg/fz cg'xf/
k9]kl5 cho efOn] eGof]– æk6gf ef/tsf] pGgfO;f}F 7"nf] ;x/ xf] . laxf/sf]
/fhwfgL / ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;x/ eP klg em§ x]bf{ oxfF To:tf] 7"nf]kg s]xL
b]Vt}gf}F . k6gf 3dG8/lxt ;'wf] / zfGt nfU5 . tkfO{Fx¿n] of] ;x/ 3'Dg sDtLdf
rf/kfFr lbg 5'§Øfpg'kg{] lyof] === .Æ
dnfO{ yfxf lyof] O{=k"= $() df kf6lnk'q gfddf
:yflkt of] ;x/ xfo{ª\s, gGb, df}o{, z'ª\u,
u'Kt, kfn cflb cg]s /fhj+zsf] duw ;fd|fHosf] /fhwfgL lyof] .
æljåfg\ ul0ft1 Hof]ltif cfo{e§ oxLF hGd]sf lyP .
oxfFsf /fhfdxf/fhfx¿ ljåfg\, slj, ljrf/s, bfz{lgs / ;fw';Gtx¿nfO{ ljz]if
;+/If0f ub{y] . efiffljb\ j}ofs/0f kfl0flg, of}gdgf]j}1flgs jfT:ofog, gLlt1
rf0fSo, cy{zf:qL sf}l6No, dxfslj sflnbf; cflbsf] l;h{ge"ld klg xf] k6gf . jfT:ofogn]
g} x'g\ sfd;"q n]v]sf . u'Kt ;fd|fHosf] ktg;Fu} k6gfsf] uf}/j /
e"ldsfsf] klg ktg x'g yfNof] . la|l6; ;fd|fHodf ljno ePkl5 o;sf] dxŒj
km]l/ a9\g yfn]sf] xf] . ha !(!@ df aª\ufn /fHoaf6 laxf/ / pl8;fnfO{ cnu ul/of]
k6gf laxf/ / pl8;fsf] /fhwfgL eof] . cfh klg ef/tsf a8]a8] ljåfg\x¿ oxLFsf 5g\
.Æ rfnsnfO{ k6gfsf] Oltxf; /fd|/L yfxf /x]5 . em§ x]bf{ em'd|]emfd|] b]lvGYof]
Tof] dflg;, t/ cfkm\gf] b]zsf] Oltxf; 5ftLdf af]s]/ ;uj{ k6gfsf ;8s gfk]/ hLjg
wfGbf] /x]5 pm . ha d p;n] af]n]sf] cl8of] /]s8{ uy{]F, pm cem pT;flxt eP/
cf}krfl/s efiffdf efif0f lbg yfNYof] .
æuª\uf gbLsf] blIf0fL t6df /x]sf] of] ;x/ ;f]g gbL,
k'gMk'gM / u08s gbL;d]tdf km}lnPsf] 5 . k'gMk'gM gbLn] k6gfsf]
blIf0fk"j{df uª\ufdf ldl;g'cl3 k6gfnfO{ x/]s jif{ af9L k;]/ b'Mv lbg] u5{
. k'gMk'gMdf >f4 ug{] rng 5 . tkfO{Fx¿ ef]ln k'gMk'gM hfg'k5{ / lkt[x¿sf]
>f4 ug'{k5{ . Tolt 6f9faf6 cfpg'ePsf] 5==== .Æ p;n] xfd|f] cg'xf/ k9\b}
eGof] .
k'gMk'gMsf] af/]df dnfO{ klg yfxf lyof] t/ o;kN6 xfdL
To; p2]Zon] otf cfPsf lyPgf}F . OGb|hLsf t a'afcfdf b'j}hgf 5Fb} x'g'xG5 .
))))
hª\uaxfb'/
t/ d]/f] dg
uf]n3/lt/ Psf]xf]l/Psf] lyof] . d}n] cho efOnfO{ uf]n3/lt/ n}hfg eg]F . uf]n3/
ufGwL ;ª\u|xfnoaf6 Psbd glhs} /x]5 . s'd|xf/ / a'4 :d[lt kfs{df em}F oxfF klg
l6s6 sf6\g'kbf{] /x]5 . l6s6 xftdf lnP/ k|j]z u¥of}F . cfh uf]n3/sf] 6'Kkfdf
r9\g gkfOg] /x]5, dd{t sfo{ rln/x]sf] x'Fbf . To;} eP/ xf]nf l6s6 sf6\g] 7fpFdf
nfdf] nfOg lyPg .
æuf]n3/ r9\g gkfpg]
eOof] cfh .Æ d}n] 6f]nLsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ eg]F . c¿sf] k|ltlqmof vf;} s]xL cfPg, t/
;Ltf v';L eOg\ . cfkm\gf 3'F8f b'v]/ Tof] cUnf] ;+/rgf r9\g pgL ;lStglyg\ t/ cg'dlt
ldn]sf] eP of] gr9L kms{g pgsf] dg dfGg]jfnf lyPg . To} eP/ pgn] eG7flgg\ xf]nf–
g /x] afF;, g ah] afF;'/L .
vNnf] nfUg] g}
eof] . t/ uf]n3/ / j/k/sf] kmf]6f] lvr]/ lrQ a'emfpg sf]l;; u¥of}F .
Pshgf a"9f
dflg; a]Grdf PSn} d';'d';' d':sfpFb} dlt/ x]l//x]sf lyP . lgs} yfs]sf] lyPF, pgsf]
5]pdf uP/ a;]F .
æa]6f Û sxfFaf6 cfPsf] <Æ a"9fn] ;f]w] .
æg]kfnaf6 === .
xh'/ k6gfs} afl;Gbf x'g'ef] <Æ d}n] cf}krfl/stf lgefPF .
æxf] . krxQ/
jif{sf] eO;s]F . 7"nf] 5f]/f] b]x/fb"gdf 8fS6/ 5 . kN6gahf/sf]
b"g xl:k6ndf . 5f]/L OlGhlgo/ 5], vfgL lj1 . HjfOF klg OlGhlgo/ . pxfF
cfls{6]Sr/n OlGhlgo/ . k'0f]df sfd ub{} 5g\ b'j}hgf . ;fgf] 5f]/f] oxLF a:5,
bfgfk'/df . sDKo'6/ k;n 5, 7"nf] . Nofk6k / sDKo'6/ clg sDKo'6/ kf6{ a]Rg]
Psbd 7"nf] bf]sfg 5 . d ;'jf;gGbg >Ljf:tj . l/6fo8{ eOof] . k6gf ljZjljBfnodf
Oltxf;sf] k|f]km];/ lyPF=== .Æ a"9fn] 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ljifodf elg;s]kl5
cfkm\gf] kl/ro lbP . a"9fa"9Lx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] af/]df atfpg ;fx|} dg
k5{ .
ægd:sf/ k|f]km];/
;fx]a Û xh'/;Fu e]6 x'Fbf v';L nfUof] .Æ d}n] xft hf]8]/ a"9fnfO{
lxGbLd} eg]F . uf]n3/ kl/;/df vf;} eL8ef8 lyPg . kfgL knf{knf{ h:tf] lyof] t/
zLtntfn] xfd|f] dg v';L lyof] . ;Ltf ptf uf]n3/sf] ljzfntfdf x/fO/x]sL lyOg\ .
cfZro{rlst cfFvfn] pgL 3/L dlt/ / 3/L uf]n3/lt/ tflSyg\ . OGb| ;/ / sdnf Dofd
kmf]6f] lvRgdf Jo:t x'g'–x'GYof] . drflxF k|f]km];/ a"9fsf s'/f ;'Ggdf
nf]lePsf] lyPF .
æ>LdtL kf]xf]/
laltg\ . SofG;/n] . kf7]3/sf] SofG;/ . >LdtL lat]kl5 dflg; crDd} PSnf]
x'Fbf] /x]5 .Æ pgn] lg/fzfk"0f{ :j/df cª\u|]hLdf eg] . a"9f lbg
latfpg o:t} ;fj{hlgs :yfgdf e]l6g] dflg;;Fu s'/f ubf{ /x]5g\ . gofFgofF dflg;
x]/]/ pgL dg axnfpFbf /x]5g\ .
pgL ef/tLo Oltxf;
ljifodf k|fWofkg uy{] /] . cr]n Oltxf;k|ltsf] ?lr 36]sf] 5 o'jf k':tfdf .
pgnfO{ o; s'/fn] lrlGtt agfPsf] /x]5 . cfkm\gf] b]z / ;+;f/sf] af/]df hfGgsf
nflu Oltxf; gk9L x'Fb}g eGg] pgsf] 7x/ lyof] .
æuf]n3/;Fu
g]kfnsf] Pp6f rfvnfUbf] ;fOgf] 5 .Æ a"9fn] km]l/ lxGbLdf eg] .
æltd|f k|wfgdGqL
axfb'/ hª\u s'Fj/ dxf/fhfsf af/]df ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 <Æ pgn] dnfO{ ;f]w] .
æyfxf 5 lg . xfd|f
k|yd /f0ff k|wfgdGqL hª\uaxfb'/ /f0ff Ps ;fx;L / k|ltefzfnL k|wfgdGqL lyP .
pgsf efO–5f]/fx¿sf] zf;g Ps ;o rf/ jif{;Dd rNof] . cfh klg pgsf efO5f]/fsf
;Gtfg g]kfnsf] ;}Go;]jf, Gofo;]jf / /fhgLltsf zLif{ kbx¿df 5g\ . pgLx¿sf
;Gtfgx¿ cfh aDaO{ / snsQfsf 7"nf Jofkfl/s 3/fgfsf ¿kdf :yflkt 5g\ .Æ d}n]
Psl5g la;fPkl5 a"9fsf] efj ljrf/ u/]/ eg]F– æ/f0ffx¿n] a]nfotLx¿;Fu /fd|f]
;DaGw /fv]/ cfkm\gf] b]zsf] cl:dtf, ;fj{ef}d;Qf tyf :jtGqtf sfod /fv] .Æ
ef/tLo :jtGqtf
;ª\u|fddf a]nfotLx¿sf] kIfdf nfu]/ hpgk'/, nvgpm cflb cg]s ;x/df ef/tLo :jtGqtf
;ª\u|fdLx¿nfO{ uf]vf{nL ;]gfn] ;vfk kf/]sf] s'/f d Ps ef/tLonfO{ eGg rfxGgy]F .
nvgpm n'6sf] gfdn] Tof] s'Voft 5 . a]nfotL;Fu n8]/ g]kfnn] w]/} e"efu
u'dfPsf] lyof] . x'g t ;'uf}nL ;lGw lg:k|efjL ePkl5 tL e"efu sfg'gtM
g]kfns} x'g\ t/ ;tnhb]lv l6:6f;Ddsf] Toqf] e"efu bfaL ug{] x}l;otdf d]/f]
b]z clxn] 5}g . a]nfotLnfO{ v';L kf/]/ afFs], alb{of, s}nfnL / s~rgk'/ lkmtf{
kfPsf] s'/f klg d o; ef/tLo Oltxf;sf/nfO{ ;Demfpg ;lStgy]F .
æxf], ltg} axfb'/
hª\u s'Fj/sf] Ps k|;ª\u o; uf]n3/;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 .Æ a"9fn] d]/f] nfdf]
n]Sr/ w}o{k"j{s ;'lg;s]kl5 eg] .
æxf] <Æ d}n]
pT;'stfjz eg]F .
æltd|f lk|G;
axfb'/ hª\u s'Fj/ /f0ffhL a]nfotsf] Psa;{] ofqfdf uPsf lyP . pgL kms{]/ ef/t
cfPkl5 k|folZrQ ug{ rf/wfd 3'd] . clg k6gfsf] af6f] eP/ :jb]z nfu] . k6gfdf
cfpFbf oxfFsf] la|l6; ;}Go clkm;/n] pgsf] 7"nf] :jfut u¥of] . axfb'/hLnfO{
la|l6;x¿n] k6gf ;x/af6 lgs} k/ afFsLk'/ ufpFdf /x]sf] of] uf]n3/ b]vfpg NofP .
a]nfotL ;fdYo{sf] gd'gf dflgGYof] of] lkNn/a]u/sf] @( ld6/ cUnf] cGge08f/ .
!&^^ df ag]sf] o; ljzfn ;+/rgfn] axfb'/ s'Fj/ k|efljt x'g] s'/fdf s;}nfO{ zª\sf lyPg .
uf]/f ;fx]asf]
efif0f ;'lg;s]kl5 pgn] cfkm\gf] Pp6f gf]s/nfO{ cx|fP– æd]/f] 3f]8f Nof t .Æ
k|wfgdGqL dxf/fhf
axfb'/ hª\u s'Fj/ /f0ffhL cfkm\gf] ;fgf] 3f]8fdf km'Q r9] / !$% cf]6f cUnfcUnf
v'8\lsnf ePsf] o; 3'dfp/f] / ;fFu'/f] l;F9Ldf cfkm\gf] 3f]8f s'bfP . pgL
3f]8fdf r9]/ pM dfly 6'Kkfdf k'u], jl/kl/ x]/] clg 3f]8fnfO{ kmgSs 3'dfP/ v'??
cf]n{] .Æ a"9f d]/f] k|ltlqmof ;'Gg Psl5g gaf]nLsg a;] .
d em;ª\u ePF .
o:tf] 8/nfUbf] l;F9Ldf pgn] s;/L 3f]8f s'bfP xf]nfg\ . l;F9L Psbd ;fFu'/f] /
Psbd 7f8f] 5 . l/Qf] 3f]8f klg r9\g ;Sg] b]lvFb}gYof], dflg; ;jf/ 3f]8fsf] s'/}
gu/f}F .
ætn oxfF cfPkl5
s'Fj/ dxf/fhn] s] eg] yfxf 5 <Æ a"9fn] ;f]w] .
jl/kl/ rp/df
dflg;x¿ 5l/Psf lyP . xl/of] rp/ ;fFlRrs} ;'Gb/ lyof] . k6gfjf;Lx¿ ;fFemkv oxfF
cfP/ 6xlnFbf /x]5g\ . xfjf t vf;} rn]sf] lyPg t/ zLtntf nf]enfUbf] lyof] .
d}n] 6fpsf]
bfofFafofF xNnfPF .
pgn] eg]– æaxfb'/hLn]
eg]– b]Vof}, d]/f] 3f]8f slt e/kbf{] 5 < pgn] cfkm\gf] ;fdYo{df uj{ u/]gg\
a? pgn] cfkm\gf efOef/bf/ / ;]gfx¿ slt ;xof]uL / e/kbf{ 5g\ eg]/ Ps s"6gLlts
jfSodf a]nfotLnfO{ a'lemg] u/L atfP .Æ
d Psl5g r'k nfu]F
. pgL eGb} uP– æca 5Ss kg{] kfnf] a]nfotL clkm;/sf] lyof] . o; uf]n3/sf]
Oltxf;df To;kl5 ;of}F 3f]8fnfO{ tflnd lbOof], ;of}F ;}Go / :6G6d]g cfP
dxf/fhsf] a/fa/ ;fx; k|bz{g ug{ . Oltxf;df cfh;Dd csf{] s'g} dflg; 3f]8fdf ;jf/
eP/ uf]n3/sf] 6'Kkfdf k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g .Æ
))))
lk|G;
xf]6n
ækfgL knf{h:tf] 5
. hfg] xf]Og ca <Æ ;Ltfn] dnfO{ af]nfOg\ . a"9f k|f]km];/;Fu labf dfu]/
d lxFl8xfn]F . hª\uaxfb'/n] 3f]8f r9]/ k'u]sf] uf]n3/sf] 6'Kkfaf6 k6gf ;x/sf]
lemlnldnL /ldtf / km}nfj6 x]g{] ;kgf cw'/} 5f8]/ d ;Ltfsf kl5kl5 lxF8]F . ev{/
a]n'sfsf] ;f9] rf/ ah]sf] lyof] t/ afbnn] cfsfz 9fs]/ ;fpgsf] o; lbgdf klg ;fFem
kg{ nfu]sf] efg kYof]{ .
æs] ukm ug'{ePsf]
To; a"9f;Fu <Æ d pgsf] 5]pdf k'u]kl5 ;Ltfn] ;f]lwg\ .
æl/6fo8{
k|f]km];/ /x]5g\, a"9L d/]sf, uf]n3/sf] Pp6f ls+jbGtL eg] .Æ d}n] 5f]6f]
hafkm lbPF .
k6gf ;ª\u|xfno
uof}F To;kl5 . k6gf s'g} ;dodf aª\ufnsf] /fhwfgL ;x/ lyof] . p;a]nfsf] aª\ufn eGgfn]
cfhsf] cf;fdnufot ;d:t k"jf{]Q/ ef/t, aª\unfb]z, klZrd aª\ufn, laxf/,
emf/v08, pl8;f / pQ/k|b]zsf] s]xL efu;d]t lyof] . Toqf] e"v08sf] Oltxf;
af]s]sf] k6gf ;ª\u|xfno x]g{ xfdL;Fu 8]9–b'O{ 306f dfq lyof] . o;/L k6gf
;ª\u|xfno 7"nf] e"efusf] k|ltlglw ;ª\u|xfno xf] . t/ ToxfFleq kmf]6f]
lvRg lgif]w x'gfn] Psbd vNnf] nfUof] . k6gfdf w]/}j6f ;ª\u|xfno 5g\ / xfdLn]
o;kN6sf] ofqfdf o;sf] dfq cjnf]sg–e|d0f ug{ ;Sof}F .
k6gf ;ª\u|xfnodf
k"jL{ ef/tsf cg]s /fHosf d"lt{x¿, efF8fs'F8f, d'b|f, n'ufkmf6f,
snfs[lt, ;+:s[lt / cg]syf]s /flvPsf /x]5g\ . x]g{}kg{] /x]5 of] ;ª\u|xfno .
lbge/sf]
bf}8w"kn] w]/} yfs]sf lyof}F . ;fFem k/]sfn] ca kfs{ jf 3f6lt/ hfg['
/dfOnf] cg'ej x'g] lyof] . xfd|f] rfnsn] ;f]Wof]– æca sxfF hfcf}F xh'/ <Æ
æca Psbd yflsof]
. s'g} wd{zfnfdf nUg'xf];\ hxfF xfdL cf/fd;fy /ft s6fpg kfpF5f}F . ef]ln laxfg
;a]/} xfdL lxFl8xfNg' 5 km]l/ csf{]lt/ .Æ d}n] eg]F .
;t{cg';f/ p;n]
xfdLnfO{ ;fFemsf] cf7 ah];Dd 3'dfpg'kg]{ lyof] . laxfg Pp6f ln:6 lbPsf lyof}F,
To;df hxfFhxfF elgPsf] xf] ToxfFToxfF k'¥ofpg'kg{] lyof] / cGTodf kf6lnk'q
wd{zfnf jf la8nf wd{zfnfdf nUg' lyof] .
æwd{zfnfdf
tkfO{Fx¿nfO{ ufx|f] x'g;S5 . s'g} sf/0fjz lah'nL sfl6of] eg] udL{n] /ft si6s/
x'G5 . tkfO{Fx¿ wd{zfnf g} nu\ eGg'x'G5 eg] d k'¥ofOlbOxfN5' t/ d km]l/ eG5'
ToxfFsf] jf; ;xh x'Fb}g .Æ p;n] eGof] .
æs] u/f}F t <Æ
d}n] ;f]w]F .
æd]/f] 8]/fglhs}
Pp6f xf]6n 5 . d xf]6n–dflnsnfO{ lrG5' . To;n] tkfO{Fx¿nfO{ ;:t}df sf]7f b]nf .
lrQ a'em] ToxLF a:gf];\ .Æ p;n] eGof] .
c6f]jfnf,
6]S;Ljfnf / l/S;fjfnfx¿ sld;g kfpg] nf]edf u|fxsx¿nfO{ xf]6nd} nUg sf]l;; u5{g\
. o:tf] yfxf eP klg xfdLn] p;}sf] e/ kg'{ 7Ls 7fGof}F / p;n] b]vfOlbPsf] a]nL
/f]8sf] lkNn/ gDa/ #* sf] ælk|G; u]:6 xfp;Ædf a:of}F .
wd{zfnfdf ga;]/
oxfF a:g] lg0f{o ;xL eP5 . /ft cf/fd;Fu laTg] b]lvof] .
rf/tn] xf]6nsf] l;F9Ldf emf]nf af]s]/ r9\b} ubf{ cho
efOn] eGof]– æduwsf /fhf chftzq'n] cfkm\gf] /fhwfgL /fhlu/af6 k6gf NofPsf x'g\
. j}zfnLsf lnR5lj /fhfx¿;Fu n8\g pgL ;'/lIft 7fpFdf cfPsf lyP . /fhf
lalDa;f/nfO{ pgsf 5f]/f chftzq'n] aGbL agfP . /fhf chftzq'sf] ;dodf kf6lnk'q
;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;x/ lyof] . pgLkl5 pgsf 5f]/f pboeb| /fhf eP .
To;kl5 t duw /fHo sdhf]/ eOxfNof] . pgLx¿sf] cwLgdf ePsf /fhfx¿n] duw ;fd|fHosf]
cwLgtfaf6 d'St ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/] t/ duw /fHon] ltgLx¿nfO{ k'gM lgoGq0fdf lng
;s]g .Æ
xfdLn] kfjfk'/L, gfnGbf / /fhlu/sf] ofqf ug{s} nflu
of] dfu{ / o; ;x/nfO{ r'g]sf lyof}F . 5'l§g] a]nfdf ;Demgf xf];\ eg]/ pml;t
a;]/ kmf]6f] lvRof}F .
hfg] a]nfdf pm eGb} lyof]– ælrlgofF ofqLn] k6gf ;x/
b]v]kl5 n]v]sf 5g\– o:tf] ;x/ dflg;n] agfpg} ;St}g . kSs} s'g} b]jzlStn] of]
;x/ ag]sf] x'g'k5{ . ca eGgf];\ p;a]nf of] ;x/ sqf] / s:tf] lyof] xf]nf <Æ
d lkm:; xfF;]F . p;n] dnfO{ ;f]Wof]– æsf]7f t 7Ls}
nfUof] lg <Æ
æ7Ls 5 . oltsf] eP cfhsf] /ft 65{ .Æ d}n] eg]F .
pm v';L b]lvof] . p;n] eGof]– æptf a/G8faf6 k6gf
;x/sf] /ldtf b]Vg kfOG5 .Æ
æk7fg zf;s z]/ zfx ;'/Ln] oxfF ljzfn lsNnfsf] lgdf{0f
u/fP . pgn] uª\uflsgf/df Jojl:yt ;x/ klg a;fP . pgn] agfPsf] lsNnf t ca 5}g t/
ckmufgL z}nLsf] pgsf] dl:hb 5Fb} 5 . csa/ klg oxfF cfPsf lyP, t/ pgL ckmufgL
gafj bfpb vfgnfO{ :jtGq /fhf x'g vf]h]sf] x'gfn] bdg ug{ cfPsf lyP . csa/sf
gj/Tg elgg] JolStx¿dWo] Ps lyP oL ckmufgL .Æ p;n] dnfO{ a/G8fdf k'u]kl5 eGof] .
ætkfO{FnfO{ t
ef/tsf] ;Dk"0f{ Oltxf; yfxf /x]5 .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æ6'l/:6x¿nfO{ atfpFbf atfpFbf ca t s07 eO;Sof] lg .
k6gfd} a;]sf] tL; jif{ eO;Sof], clg ==== . tkfO{Fx¿ t lzIfs dflg;, o; ;x/sf]
af/]df w]/} cWoog u/]/ cfpg'ePsf] xf]nf, t/ klg cfkm"n] hfg]sf] atfpg'k5{
. x}g t <Æ p;n] eGof] .
d}n] ;dy{gdf 6fpsf] xNnfPF . ca p;nfO{ labf ug{] a]nf
ePsf] lyof] . xf]6nsf] l;F9Laf6 cf]n{Fb} ubf{ km]l/ p;n] k6gfsf] k|z+;fsf] qmd
hf]8\g yflnxfNof]– æef/tsf k|yd /fi6«klt 8f= /fh]Gb|k|;fbnufotsf cg]s /fhg]tfx¿
oxfF hGd], oxLFaf6 /fhg}lts ofqf ;'? u/] . ;g\ @))) df emf/v08 6'lqmP/ cnu /fHo
ag]kl5 eg] k6gfsf] ;fdYo{ cem} v'lDrg k'Uof] .
æk6gfnfO{ gbLlsgf/sf] ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;x/
elgG5 .Æ
;8sdf cfOk'u]kl5 d}n] p;sf] xftdf lbgel/sf] ef8f ydfPF
. p;sf] cg''xf/df Psl5g d':sfg 5l/of] .
pm dnfO{ km]l/ Oltxf; k9fpg yfNof]– ædf}o{j+zL ;d|f6\
czf]sn] ef/tsf] Oltxf;df ;a}eGbf 7"nf] /fHosf] zf;g rnfP . pgn]
dWok"j{ dfq xf]Og o'/f]k]nL /fhfx¿;Fu ;d]t ;lGw ;Demf}tf u/]sf lyP .
tkfO{Fx¿n] k6gfsf] e|d0f u/]/ o; ;x/sf] P]ltxfl;stf, cfsf/ / dxfgtfnfO{ ;Ddfg
ug'{ePsf] 5 .Æ
5'l§g] a]nfdf p;n] eGof]– æef]ln laxfg klg cfjZos k/]df
kmf]g u/]/ af]nfpg'xf]nf . d]/f] kmf]g gDa/ xh'/x¿l;t 5Fb} 5 .Æ
æ5 . tkfO{Fsf] gfd cho efO eg]/ n]v]sf] 5' . kmf]g
gDa/ *@(@@!@!^^ xf] . ca d]/f s'g} ;fyLefO k6gfsf] cjnf]sg e|d0f ug{ cfpg] eP eg]
tkfO{Fsf] gDa/ lbpFnf . pxfFx¿nfO{ klg tkfO{Fn] o;}u/L k|]dk"j{s
3'dfOlbg'xf]nf . cfh d tkfO{Fsf] dfof / ;xof]u kfP/ wgL ePsf] 5' .Æ d}n] eg]F .
pm d';'Ss d':sfof] .
em/L kl//x]sf] lyof] . p;nfO{ labf u/]kl5 OGb| ;/ /
d}n] Pp6f 5]j}sf] xf]6ndf uP/ a]n'sfsf] vfgfsf nflu bfn/f]6Lsf] aGbf]a:t u¥of}F
. sf]7fdf NofP/ rf/}hgfn] tfQftf] bfn/f]6L vfPkl5 xfdL cf/fd ug{] dgf]bzfdf
lyof}F .
emdemd kfgL k/]sf] o:tf] /ftdf ;Ltf, sdnf Dofd / d}n]
s]xL sk8f aflx/sf] a/G8fdf ;'sfof}F . o;/L aflx/ ;'sfPsf sk8f ;'Sg] ;Defjgf
lgs} sd lyof] . xfdLl;t csf{] ljsNk klg t lyPg .
k|bLk kf]v/]n efGhfn] xfdLnfO{ ef/tLo l;d pknAw
u/fPsf lyP . b; ah]lt/ 3/af6 ;fgL 5f]/L cg'hfn] To;} gDa/df kmf]g u/L .
æafaf Û bz{g .Æ
æefUodfgL x'g" 5f]/L . xfdL clxn] k6gfdf 5f}F .
xf]6ndf .Æ
æs:tf] x'Fb} 5 ofqf <Æ
æP Û emsf; 5 lg . cfh
lbge/ k6gf 3'd]sf . uHha 5 .Æ
d}n] OGb| ;/sf 5f]/f cg'ksf] gDa/ lbP/ xfd|f] ofqf
;xh 9ª\uaf6 rln/x]sf] va/ atfpg" / xfd|f] ;Dks{ gDa/ klg lbg" eg]/ eg]F
. cg'hf;Fusf] kmf]g;Dks{ 6'6]sf] s]xLa]/df cg'ksf] klg kmf]g cfOxfNof] .
df]afOn rfh{df /fv]kl5 xfdL rf/}hgf cf]5\ofgdf
9NSof}F / aQL lgefP/ lgb|f af]nfpg] pkqmd ug{ nfUof}F . gofF 7fpF, lgb|f s]
nfUYof] Tolt ;lhn} . d p7]/ la/fnfsf rfnn] aflx/ lg:s]F .
kfgL kl//x]s} lyof] . tn ;8sdf df]6/x¿ Psgf;n]
s'lb/x]sf lyP . b'O{tn] ;8sdf dflyNnf] tnfsf df]6/x¿ l56f] efUy] eg] e'OFtnfsf
df]6/x¿ la:tf/} bf}l8Gy] . k6gfsf] Ps k|d'v uNnL a]nL /f]8sf] lkNn/ gDa/ #* sf
;fd'Gg] plePsf] xf]6n lk|G;sf] km/flsnf] a/G8fdf pleP/ /ftsf] P3f/ ah]lt/ ;d]t
k6gf ;x/sf] Oltxf; / jt{dfgdf d]/f] dg ljr/0f ul//x]sf] lyof] . lbgel/ xfd|f]
rfnsn] eg]sf s'/fx¿ dgdf km}nGy] . x'g t d lgs} k6s k6gf cfOk'u]sf] 5' .
;j{k|yd @)%) ;fndf uf]/vk'/, nvgpm, sfgk'/, Onfxfafb, agf/; e|d0fsf] l;lN;nfdf
k6gf cfOk'u]sf] d To;kl5 t w]/} k6s cfPF . hltk6s cfP klg o; ;x/sf] e|d0f ug{]
cj;/ slxNo} h'6]sf] lyPg .
lbpF;f] xf]6ndf vfgf vfFb} ubf{ xfd|f] rfnsn] eg]sf]
;Dem]F– æk6gfdf gAa] k|ltzt laxf/Lx¿ a:5g\ . *^ k|ltzt lxGb" / !@ k|ltzt
d'l:nd hg;ª\Vof 5 . of] ef/tsf] ;a}eGbf sd emf]k8k§L ePsf] ;x/ xf] . lxGbL d'Vo
efiff xf] eg] duwL, d}lynL, pl8of, aª\ufnL, ef]hk'/L / pb{" af]Ng]sf] klg
7"n} ;ª\Vof 5 . tkfO{F g]kfnLx¿nfO{ oxfF cfjthfjt ug{, aGba]kf/ ug{ /
3'dlkm/ ug{ s'g} c;lhnf] 5}g .Æ
dnfO{ yfxf 5, s]xL jif{cl3;Dd k6gf ;x/ u'G8fubL{n]
ubf{ ef/tsf Psbd c;'/lIft ;x/dWo] Psdf ulgGYof] . t/ cfh To:tf] s]xL 5}g .
c;'/Iff k6gfsf] plt 7"nf] d['2f xf]Og hlt 6«flkms hfd, eL8ef8 / kmf]xf]/
x'g\ .
3/aflx/ lg:s]sf] bf];|f] /ft, ca]/;Dd lgb|f kb{} k/]g
.
))))
laxf/
;l/kmdf a"9f] / ?b|fIf
;fpg kGw| ut]
laxfg rf/} ah] d k6gf ;x/sf] a]nL /f]8sf] æxf]6n lk|G;Æsf] rf}yf] tnfdf
lapFem]F . cfh ;Ltfsf] hGdlbg . d lapFemFbf pgL klg hfu} /lx5g\ . d}n] eg]F– æhGdlbgsf]
pknIodf xflb{s dª\undo z'esfdgf . o;kN6sf] ltd|f] hGdlbj; kfjfk'/L, gfnGbf /
/fhlu/sf] e|d0f u/]/ dgfpg] .Æ
pgn] s[t1tf k|s6
ul/g\ . rf/ alh;s]sf] 5, 3/df h:tf] cfgGbn] ;'Tg sxfF kfpg' < ca sltlt/
bf}l8g' 5 lbgel/, oxfF dhfn] zLtntfdf /dfpg] km';{t sxfF x'g' < xtf/xtf/ sdnf
Dofd / OGb| ;/nfO{ hufOxfNof}F .
lala{/ kfgL
kbfkb{} xfdLn] ;f9] kfFr ah] k6gf :6];gsf nflu 6]Dkf] klqmxfNof}F . ;j{k|yd
k6gf :6];gcufl8sf ljzfn xg'dfgsf] bz{g ug{] of]hgf lyof] dgdf, t/ dlGb/df nfdf]
nfOg b]lvof] . aflx/}af6 bz{g u/]/ cl3 a9\of}F .
kfjfk'/L hfg]
6«]g t kf}g] gf} ah] dfq kfOof] . nf]sn 6«]g /x]5 of] . nf]sn 6«]g eP klg
k6gfaf6} 5'6\g] x'gfn] xfdLn] ;xh} l;6 kfof}F . af6fdf of] 6«]g Psbd w]/}
7fpFdf /f]SYof], dflg; r9\y], cf]n{Gy] / ofq'x¿dWo] d'l:ndx¿sf] ;ª\Vof
7"nf] b]lvGYof] . lxhf]sf] xfd|f] l/S;frfnssf cg';f/ t k6gfdf afx| k|ltzt
dfq} d';ndfg x'g'kg{], t/ o;f] 6«]gdf ofq'sf] u0fgf ul/x]/]F, cfwfeGbf a9L ofq'
d';ndfg lyP . dlxnfsf] ;ª\Vof eg] lgs} sd lyof] .
laxf/ / o'kLdf
ofqf ubf{sf] csf{] kIf t];|f] lnª\uLx¿sf] /dfOnf] pTkL8g xf] . pgLx¿ yk8L dfb{}
cfkm" cfPsf] hgfp lbG5g\ / ofq'af6 k};f c;'N5g\ . logLx¿ ofq'x¿dWo]
a"9fkfsf, dlxnf / afnaRrf;Fu k};f dfUb}gg\ . Pp6L t];|f] lnª\uL yk8L dfb{}
k};f c;'Nb} cfO/x]sL lyO{ . p;n] d a;]sf] ptfkl§sf] Pshgf;Fu dfq} k};f dfuL,
dnfO{ x]g{;Dd x]l/g .
To; t];|f] lnª\uLn]
dnfO{ a"9f]kfsf] dflg; eg]/ 5f8]sL lyO{ ;fob . o; s'/fn] dnfO{ leq stfstf
3f]Rof] . nf} ca t];|f] lnª\uLn] dfUg klg gkfpg] u/L a"9f] eOof] ls Sof
xf] eGg] r]tn] d kLl8t ePF .
d]/f] 5]pdf a;]sf
laxf/Lx¿ hltv]/} s]xL g s]xL vfO/xGy] . lrNnf], lk/f], b]Vt} lbªlbª nfUbf] /
s8f clk|o uGw cfpg] vfg]s'/f logLx¿ wdfwd vfO/xGy] . x]bf{x]b}{ logLx¿n]
6«]gsf] e'OF 6]Sg gx'g] u/L kmf]xf]/ kf/]– htftt} k'/Lsf 6'qmf, t/sf/L, bfn /
crf/ clg ld7fO{sf] /; . laxf/df ;fj{hlgs :yfgsf] ;/;kmfOsf] ;d:of log}
kmf]xf]/L dflg;x¿n] ubf{ xf] . logLx¿ hltv]/ / hxfF klg ljgf;/d kmf]xf]/
kmfN5g\ .
kmt'xf :6];gdf Ps
x"n dflg; r9] . ltgLx¿dWo] Pp6f cUnf], sfnf] / b'Anf]kftnf] s]6fdfly d]/f
gh/ k/] . Tof] s]6f] xfd|f] glhs cfof] . d}n] p;sf] njfO x]/]F . To;sf n'uf
Psbd /ª\uLrª\uL lyP . ;6{ kx]Fnf / xl/of clg ;]tf a'§f ePsf] lyof] eg]
afx'nfsf] df]xf]/L / sn/rflxF gLnf] sk8fdf lyP . ;'tL ;6{ Psbd 6fO6 lkml6ª
lyof], lhG;sf] KofG6 klg p:t} lkml6ª, KofG6leq p;sf Psbd kftnf lt3|f / v'§f
afF;sf afª\uf v'§Lh:tf lyP . e2f Sofgef; h'Qf, 7"nf] g 7"nf] sfnf]
r:df, lhª\l/ª\u k/]sf] nfdf] skfn / a]9ª\usf] emf]nf .
Tof] d]/f] 5]pdf
cfP/ a:of] . pm sfgdf Oo/kmf]g 3';fP/ 7"nf] df]afOndf s'g} lxGbL lkmNdsf]
uLt x]g{ yflnxfNof] . d :yfgLo dflg;af6 ToxfFsf] hLjg / ;x/sf af/]df ;"rgf
a6'Ng rfxg] dflg;, p;n] dl;t af]Ng OR5f b]vfpg] ;Defjgf sd lyof] . s]xLa]/kl5
p;sf] df]afOndf Aof6/L ;lsP5 .
pm dlt/ kms{]/ d':sfof]
. p;n] eGof]– æx]gf{];\ g 6«]gsf] xfnt . o;f] df]afOn rfh{ ug{] KjfOG6;Dd 5}g .Æ
d}n] To;nfO{
;f]w]F– æxfdL kfjfk'/L hfg nfu]sf . ltdL sxfF;Dd hfG5f} lg afa" <Æ
æd laxf/ ;l/km;Dd
. ToxfFaf6 kNnf] :6];g t xf] kfjfk'/L .Æ p;n] eGof] .
æs] sfd u5f}{ lg
ltdL <Æ
æsn]hdf k9\5' .
aLaLP;, t];|f] jif{ . ca ;lsg nfUof] .Æ p;n] uf9f gLnf] /ªsf] a'§] ?dfnn] d'v
k'5\t} eGof] .
ælaxf/ ;l/km s]sf
nflu gfd'b 5 lg <Æ d ;f]em} ljifodf k|j]z ug{ rfxGy]F .
ælaxf/ ;l/kmdf
s'g} ;dodf cf]bGtk'/L dxfljxf/ lyof] . of] bf];|f] k'/fgf] dxfljxf/ lyof] .
cf]bGtk'/Ldf afx| xhf/ ljBfyL{ k9\y] /] . Tof] :yfg a8Lkxf8Lsf] km]bdf cjl:yt 5
. a8Lkxf8LnfO{] lx/0okj{t eGy] /] p;a]nf .Æ p;n] elgxfNof] .
æofq'x¿dWo]
d'l:ndx¿sf] ;ª\Vof Psbd 7"nf] b]lvG5 . o; ;x/df d'l:nd cfafbL slt 5 <Æ
ælaxf/ ;l/kmdf ef/tel/df Psbd k|l;4 / 7"nf]
dl:hb 5 . To;}n] oxfF 6f9f6f9faf6 df]xd]8fgx¿ cfpF5g\ . oxfF df]xd]8fg cfafbL
w]/} 5}g, To:t} b;–kGw| k|ltztdfq xf]nf . df]xd]8fgx¿ Psbd ldln6ØfG6 x'G5g\ .
laxf/ ;l/kmdf kfl6{;gsf] a]nf Psbd 7"nf] lxGb"–d'l:nd bª\uf ePsf]
lyof] . ef/tel/df x'g] wfld{s bª\ufsf] s]Gb| oxL xf] .Æ
æP .Æ d}n] eg]F .
ækfl6{;gdf oxfF nueu @)) d'l:nd dfl/P . kfls:tfgdf
xhf/f}F lxGb" df/]/ 6«]gsf 6]«g nf; k7fOPsf] abnfdf oxfFaf6 klg df]xd]8fgx¿sf]
nf; sf];]nLsf] ¿kdf k7fOof] c/] .Æ
æP .Æ d}n] km]l/ eg]F . ptf OGb| ;/ / sdnf DofdnfO{
x]/]F, /ftsf] lgb|f layf]lnP/, udL{ / ysfOn] xf]nf, pxfFx¿ a;La;L d:t lgb|fdf
x'g'x'GYof] .
æoxfF afaf dl0f/fd cvf8fdf nª\uf]6 d]nf eJo x'G5 . nª\uf]6
d]nf x]g{ cfpg'k5{F tkfO{x¿ klg, dflg;x¿ sxfFsxfFb]lv cfpF5g\ === .Æ
æxfdL g]kfnaf6 e|d0f ug{ cfPsf .Æ
æg]kfnaf6 < cR5f, u'8u'8 . dnfO{ g]kfn 3'Dg dg 5 .
g]kfnsf] lj/f6gu/df d]/f ;fgfafsf] df]6/;fOsn dd{t sf/vfgf 5 .Æ
æxfd|f] 3/ lj/f6gu/glhs} 5 . cfpm g lj/f6gu/ .
lj/f6gu/df /fhf lj/f6sf] /fhwfgLsf] cjz]if 5 . /fdw'gL, j/fxIf]q, lji0f'kfb'sf,
bGtsfnL zlStkL7, lk08]Zj/ afafwfd, ?b|fIff/0o / c¿ w]/} s'/f 5g\ glhs–glhs} .
w]/} s'/f 5g\ x]g{nfos . hgsk'/, n'lDagL =======Æ
æ?b|fIff/0o eg]sf] ?b|fIfsf] hª\un <Æ p;n] d
af]Nbfaf]Nb} aLr}df KjfSs ;f]lwxfNof] .
æxf] t .Æ
æ?b|fIf ¿vdf kmN5 / <Æ
æcF, xf] t .Æ
ætkfO{Fn] ?b|fIf kmn]sf] b]Vg'efÆ 5 <Æ
æxfd|f] 7fpFdf cfpm g x]g{, h;n] klg b]vfOlbG5 . hxfF
klg ?b|fIf kmn]sf] b]Vg kfOG5 .Æ ;Ltfn] clns c;lhnf] lxGbLdf hafkm lbOg\ . pgL
klg oltv]/ xfdL b'O{sf s'/fdf rfv lnO/x]sL lyOg\ .
æxf] <Æ pm Psbd v';L b]lvof] . clg xfdL s]xLa]/
r'k nfUof}F . ;Ltfn] abfd Jofkf/Ln] 8'nfpFb} NofPsf] abfd lslgg\ . xfdL abfd
s'6's'6' vfg yfNof}F . To; s]6fn] klg b; ?lkofFsf abfd lsGof] .
d}n] p;nfO{ laxf/ ;l/kmsf cGo dxŒjk"0f{ :yfgx¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L dfu]F .
p;n] eGof]– æef/tel/df nueu aL; nfv axfO{x¿ 5g\ .
ltgLx¿sf nflu k|fy{gf:yn laxf/ ;l/kmdf agfpg nfu]sf 5g\ /] . Pl;ofel/df
axfO{x¿sf nflu lbNnLsf] nf]6; 6]Dknafx]s SofDaf]l8ofsf] af6fDafªdf dfq cfkm\gf]
dlGb/ 5 . ca oxfF klg aGg] lglZrt ePsf] 5 . oxfF czf]s :tDe klg 5 .Æ
s]xLa]/df ;x/ b]lvg yfNof] . d}n] ;f]w]F– ælaxf/
;l/km cfOk'luPsf] xf] <Æ
æx}g . laxf/ ;l/km t cem} lgs}j6f :6];gkl5 dfq cfpF5
. of] t alVtof/k'/ xf] .Æ
alVtof/k'/ klg lgs} 7"nf] hª\S;g / ;x/ /x]5 .
lgs}hgf ofq' cf]n{] . km]l/ ToxLFaf6 csf{] 7"n} ;d"x rl9xfNof] .
l8Aaf km]l/ p:t} u/L vrfvr el/OxfNof] . sfFqmfsf /l;nf lr/f af]s]/ s]xL s]6f
r9] . xfdLn] tL sfFqmf klg lsg]/ vfof}F .
To; s]6fn] sfFqmf] rkfpFb} eGof]– æxfd|f] laxf/ ;l/km
w]/} k'/fgf] ;x/ xf] . d'unsfndf of] 7"nf] ;}lgs cvf8f lyof] . la|l6;
/fhdf oxfF w]/} pBf]uwGbfx¿ v'n] . vf;u/L laF8L / rKkn oxfFsf d'Vo pBf]u x'g\ .Æ
s]xLa]/ sf]xL
s]xL af]n]g . d klg Ps}l5g pF3]F5' .
cf]n{g nfu]sf
ofq'x¿ xNnf ug{ nfu]sfn] xf]nf, d lapFem]F . clg 6«]g cl8of] . s]6fn] eGof]– ænf}
t /fd|/L hfg'xf]nf . ca csf{] :6];gdf cf]n{g'xf]nf . t/ csf{]kN6 cfpFbf laxf/
;l/km klg 3'Dg] u/L cfpg'xf]nf lg .Æ
æx;\ .Æ d}n]
p;nfO{ xft xNnfpFb} eg]F .
p;n] cf]ln{Fb}
ubf{ km]]l/ ;fjwfg u/fof]– æToxfF 6«]g b'O{ ldg]6 dfq cl8G5 lg, a]n}df emf]nfx¿
l7Ss kfg'{xf]nf . 6]«g cl8gf;fy cf]ln{xfNg'xf]nf lg .Æ
d}n] p;nfO{
wGojfb eg]F . pm d':sfpFb} laxf/ ;l/kmsf] /]nj] :6];gsf] xf]xNnf / eL8df ldl;of]
.
xfd|f] jl/kl/sf
c¿ laxf/Lx¿ klg oxLF cf]n{] . laxf/Lx¿ st} hfg'kbf{ 3/} af]s]/ lxF8\5g\ . Pp6L
cfOdfO{ 5] eg] pml;t tLgrf/j6f efG6fªe'G6'ª, rf/j6f 7"nf7"nf ;'6s];,
b'O{tLgj6f af]/fel/el/ vfg]s'/f / yfna6'sf x'G5g\ . b'O{rf/f]6f df]afOn kmf]g /
ltgsf cnucnu rfh{/, 3/df Nofk6k 5 eg] Tof] klg, Ps emf]nf h'QfrKkn, b'O{ emf]nf
k'/fgf klqsf, s'rf], 8f]/L / c¿ ;fdfg x'G5g\ . oltdfq sxfF xf] /, logLx¿
cfkm";Fu ldS;L, yd{;, l6lkmg Sofl/o/, x6s];, n]dg l:Sjh/– egf}F l;ª\u}
efG;fsf]7f lnP/ lxF8\5g\ Û clg cfkm\gf
;fdfg / e'/fe'/Lsf nflu u'Gb|L cflb klg NofPsf x'G5g\ .
logLx¿ lg:s]kl5
6«]g g} vfnL ePh:tf] cg'ej eof] . cl3sf] lrRofx6, ss{z ljjfb, s]6fs]6Lx¿sf]
em}emu8f, bf}8w'k, s'6fs'6, cfdfrflxFsf] ;/fk, ufnL / emsf{]nfUbf] xfF;f] ca
lyPg . t/ pgLx¿n] e'OFel/ kfgL kf]v]/ lxnf] kf/]sf lyP . oqtq 5/]sf k'/Lsf
6'qmf, t/sf/L, crf/, abfdsf vf]n, kfgLsf af]tn, t]n nfu]sf sfuhsf Kn]6 /
klqsfsf 6'qmfx¿ / ofq'sf h'QfrKknn] NofPsf] lxnf]n] oxfF ev{/} eb\bf vfnsf]
ef]h sfo{qmd ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] eg]h:tf] nfUYof] .
))))
hndlGb/
kfjfk'/L :6];g
cfOxfNof] . To; s]6fn] eg]em}F xfdL 6«]gsf] ult sd x'gf;fy cf]n{g l7Ss
kl/xfNof}F . geGb} cf]ln{O;Stf 6«]g t lxFl8 kf] xfNof] . 6«]g 5f8]/ 6]Dkf]
l/he{ u/L kfjfk'/L k'Ubf lbgsf] afx| aHg nfu]sf] lyof] t/ lbg abnL x'gfn] vf;}
udL{ lyPg . 6]Dkf]af6} kfjfk'/Lsf] ljzfn hnfzo / To;sf] aLrdf agfOPsf] ;ª\udd{/sf]
;'Gb/ æhn dlGb/Æ b]lvof] . oxfF cfOk'Ug] ;kgf klg ca k"/f x'Fb} lyof] .
aflx/L åf/ / cGo
ejgx¿sf] dd{tsfo{ / k'glg{df0fsf] sfd wdfwd rln/x]sf] lyof] . d"nåf/df ;'/IffsdL{
a;]sf lyP . oxfF cfkm\gf emf]nfemfD6f /fVg] Joj:yf /x]g5, leq};Dd cfkm}F;Fu
lnP/ hfg'kg{] /x]5 . d"nåf/af6 l5gf{;fy kfjfk'/L s:tf] 7fpF xf] / o;sf] s]
dxŒj 5 eGg] atfpg] af]8{x¿ /x]5g\ . Pp6f
af]8{df dxfjL/ / o; kfjfk'/Lsf] af/]df w]/} hfgsf/L lbOPsf] /x]5 .
aLrsf] dlGb/;Dd
hfgsf nflu /ftf] 9'ª\uf la5\ofPsf] lrNnf] k'n /x]5 / k'nsf] b'j} 5]pdf cUnf]
/]lnª klg agfOPsf] /x]5 . ljzfn tnfp sdnsf kft / km"nn] 9sdSs 5 .
xfdL kmf]6f] /
lel8of] lvRt} hndlGb/tkm{ nfUof}F . ljzfn kf]v/Lsf] aLrdf ;'Gb/ 9ª\un] agfOPsf]
/x]5 of] dlGb/ . dlGb/ w]/} 7"nf] xf]Og, oxfF km"nkftL / cIftfn]
k"hf klg x'Fbf] /x]g5 / bfgkfq afx]s cGoq k};f r9fpg] rng klg /x]g5 .
dlGb/sf] 9f]sfdf h'QfrKkn vf]n]/ leq k:g] rng /x]5 . dlGb/leq d'l:ndx¿n] agfpg]
lrxfgh:tf] b]lvof] . dflg;x¿ To;} lrxfgh:tf] ;+/rgfnfO{ 9f]Ubf /x]5g\ . xfdLn]
klg 9f]Uof}F . clg jl/kl/sf] b[Zofjnf]sg ub{} kmf]6f]x¿ lvRof}F .
h}g wd{sf clGtd
cyf{t\ rf}aL;f}F tLy{ª\s/ eujfg\ dxfjL/n]
dxfkl/lgjf{0f k|fKt u/]sf] :yn x'gfn] o;sf] dlxdf 7"nf] 5 . ;'Gb/tf /
kljqtfsf nflu ljZjljVoft o; :ynsf] cjnf]sg e|d0fdf cfpg kfpFbf d efjljx\jn ePsf] lyPF . d ef/tjif{sf] wfld{s Oltxf;df x/fPF5' . d}n] lx;fa
u/]F, o;} laxf/n] lxGb" wd{sf] ljsf;df ;a}eGbf 7"nf] of]ubfg lbPsf] 5
. oxfF ;gftgwd{sf cg]s Clifd'lg hGd], oxLF Wofgtk:of / ;fwgf u/] . laxf/n] l;v,
h}g, af}4 / O:nfd wd{sf] ljsf; / km}nfj6df klg w]/} of]ubfg u/]sf] 5 . of]
ef/tLo ;Eotfsf] s]Gb| lyof] Oltxf;sf] s'g} sfnv08df . cfh klg Oltxf;sf] wgL of]
laxf/ cfkm\gf] 7fpFaf6 bz{g / b[li6sf]0f lbO/x]s} 5 ljZjnfO{ . d w]/}a]/
oxfFsf] /]lnªdf cl8P/ ;f]rdUg ePF5' .
æb'j}hgf oxfF
pleP/ kmf]6f] lvrf}F g .Æ ;Ltf k/}af6 s/fOg\ .
d pgsf] 5]pdf uPF
. s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lvRof}F .
æeujfg\ dxfjL/sf]
clGtd ;+:sf/ ul/Psfn] h}g wdf{jnDaLx¿ o;nfO{ kljq e"ld dfGb5g\ . oxfFsf]
kljq df6f] eSthgx¿n] nUbfnUb} oqf] ljzfn kf]v/L aGg k'u]sf] /] . /fhf
gGbLjw{gn] eujfg\ dxfjL/sf r/0fkfb'sf :yflkt u/]/ o; tnfpdf o; dlGb/sf] :yfkgf
u/]sf /] .Æ d}n] clu af]8{df k9]sf] cfwf/df ;LtfnfO{ eg]F .
æcsf{] kfjfk'/L
wfd t /fh:yfgsf] l;/f]xL eGg] 7fpFdf 5 eGg] ;'g]sf] 5' . Tof] 7fpF dfpG6
cfa"sf] clnslt pQ/kl§ 5 /] . Tof] kfjfk'/L ;fob of]eGbf lgs} 7"nf] 5
. kfjfk'/L zAbsf] cy{ kljq ;x/ xf] .Æ d}n] yk]F .
æclg cl:t b;}Flabfdf
dfpG6 cfa" hfFbf lsg To; 7fpFdf gnUg'ePsf] t <Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
æp;a]nf To;
kfjfk'/Lsf af/]df hfgsf/L g} ePg dnfO{ . kl5 kf] yfxf eof] t .Æ d}n] eg]F .
ætkfO{F hlxNo}
o:t} cfwf–cfwf hfgsf/L af]s]/ cfpg'x'G5 . clg ofqf cw'/f] /xFb}g t < klxn]
af]wuof hfFbf a'4sf] Tof] ljzfn d"lt{ x]g{ 5'6]sf] klg tkfO{Fn] ubf{ g}
xf] .Æ pgn] dnfO{ cf/f]k nufOg\ .
æxf] lg x'g t .
t/ x]/ g, yfxf kfO{–kfO{sg o;kN6 klg oxfFsf] cv08 bLk / cv08 cf/tL gx]/Lsg
hfg'kg{] x'G5 . xfdL;Fu ca o; :yfgsf c¿ s'/f x]g{sf nflu ;do 5}g .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æcv08bLk / cv08
cf/tLrflxF sxfF 5g\ lg .Æ
æp M ToxfF
x'g'k5{ . ltdLh:t} t x'F lg d klg, dnfO{ rflxF s;n] eG5 / <Æ d}n] kf]v/Lsf]
k"jL{ lsgf/sf 7"nf7"nf ;]tf lalN8ªx¿lt/ b]vfPF . ToxfF h}gx¿sf
ljzfn ofq'zfnf, c:ktfn, dlGb/ / c¿ ejgx¿ lyP .
;Ltfsf] kmf]g
aHof] . e/tk'/af6 ;f9' efO cle e08f/Lsf] kmf]g cfPsf] /x]5 .
æ============.Æ
ægd:sf/ HjfOF;fa
.Æ
æ============.Æ
æxh'/ xfdL
kfjfk'/Ldf 5f}F . lxhf] k6gf 3'Dof}F . cfh otf cfPsf . Psbd /fd|f] . cfpg}kg{]
7fpF /x]5 lg of] .Æ
æ===========.Æ
æca o;kl5 gfnGbf
ljZjljBfno / clg /fhlu/ hfg] xf] .Æ
æ============.Æ
æx;\ wGojfb .
gfgLnfO{ s:tf] 5 <Æ ;Ltfn] ;fgL 5f]/Lsf] :jf:Yosf] hfgsf/L dflug\ .
æ============.Æ
æP . x;\ t .
gd:sf/ .Æ
e/tk'/df d]/L
;fnL 5g\ . ;f9'efO e/tk'/sf] P;cf]P; xd{g dfOg/ ljBfnodf k9fpg'x'G5 . xfd|f]
ofqf sxfF / s:tf] x'Fb} 5 eg]/ pxfFn] kmf]g u/]/ ;f]wvf]h ug'{ePsf] /x]5 . pxfFx¿sL
7"nL 5f]/L cl:dtf xfdL;Fu O6x/Ldf a;]/ w/fgsf] xfQL;f/ SofDk;df aL6]s
k9\b} 5g\ . ptf ;fgL 5f]/L cljlhtfsf] :jf:Yodf ;d:of 5 . pgL lgoldt cf}iflw
vfFb} 5g\ .
aflx/ lg:sFbf
df};d cem w'lDdPsf] lyof] . o; :yfgdf ;fj{hlgs a; cflb kfOg] s'g} ;Defjgf lyPg
. 7fpF Psbd a]rNtLsf] / ;'g;fg /x]5 . o;}a]nf stfaf6 xf] Pp6f yf]qf] 6]Dkf]
cfOk'Uof] .
d}n] rfnsnfO{
;f]w]F– xfdLnfO{ gfnGbf hfg' 5 . gfnGbf ljZjljBfnosf] v08x/ x]g{ . nlulbg] xf]
<Æ
æx'G5 .Æ
æef8f slt lg <Æ
klxNo} ef8f to gu/L r9\g] xf] eg] n}gf] ufO{nfO{ eGbf dhfn] b'x'G5g\ ko{6snfO{
logn] .
æslthgf x'g''x'G5
lg <Æ p;n] ;f]Wof] .
ærf/hgf .Æ
æP . rf/hgfsf]
hDdf 8]9 ;o ?lkofF .Æ
ærf/hgfsf] hDdf
8]9 ;o ?lkofF < n x'G5 .Æ d}n] nfdf] ljjfb ug{ rflxgF . s'/f] lau|]/ o;n]
5fl8lbof] eg] d'l:sn ylkg] ;Defjgf lyof] . oxfFaf6 6fFuf kqmg'kYof]{, 6fFuf
r9]/ kf]vl/of k'Ug'kYof]{, kf]vl/ofaf6 a; of 6]Dkf] kqm]/ kfjfk'/L /f]8
hfg'kYof]{ / ToxfFaf6 a; abn]/ gfnGbf a; :6k k'u]kl5 k'gM 6fFuf kqm]/ gfnGbf
hfg'kYof]{ . Tolt ubf{ k|ltJolSt sDtLdf c;L ?lkofF / ;do sDtLdf b'O{ 306f nfUg]
lyof] .
æaf6fdf Psb'O{
Kof;]Gh/ e]6]df r9fpg]5', tkfO{Fx¿n] cfklQ dfGg kfpg'x'g]5}g .Æ
ænf}nf} . t/
Kof;]Gh/ kv{]/ a:grflxF kfOGg lg ==== .Æ
s'/f ldNof] .
xfdL rf/}hgfn] cfkm\gf emf]nfx¿ 6]Dkf]df r9fof}F / cfkm" klg l;6df a:of}F
. s// ub{} Tof] lxF8\of] . kfjfk'/L qmdzM xfdLaf6 6fl9Fb} uof] .
))))
gfnGbf
dxfljxf/
æOltxf;sf] olt
dxfg\ ;fIfL oxLF hLljt /x]5, xfdLnfO{ slxNo} yfxf lyPg .Æ gfnGbf dxfljxf/
cyf{t\ ljZjljBfnosf] v08x/df k|j]z u/]kl5 cfZro{n] lha|f] 6f]St} ;Ltfn] ;fgf]
:j/df elgg\ . pgsf cfFvf :t"k / cGo ;+/rgfsf ljzfn v08x/df lyP .
o:tf] b]lvGYof]
dfgf}F oL l9:sfx¿ OF6 hf]8]/ agfPsf kxf8 x'g\ . htf klg OF6}OF6sf kxf8em}F 5g\
. htf klg ljzfn kvf{n, 3/sf r/ / au}Frfx¿ . Psbd 7"nf] km}nfj6 5 ljZjljBfnosf]
. p;a]nfsf] ljZjljBfno eTs]/ klg ;of}F jif{ 3fdkfgLn] r'6\tfr'6\tf h] afFsL /x\of]
Tof] t cfh o; ljzfn ¿kdf 5 eg] p;a]nf o;sf] eJotf, ljzfntf / zfg sqf] lyof]
xf]nf < d otf kl/j]zsf] zflGt, zLtntf / uDeL/tfn] df]lxt ePsf] lyPF .
æoL ;a} OF6
k|of]u ug{] xf] eg] cfh klg ;–:ofgf] ;x/ lgdf{0f x'g] /x]5 . p;a]nf emg\ sqf]
lyof] xf]nf xlu <Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
ælaxf/sf] /fhwfgL
;x/af6 nueu kGrfGgAa] lsnf]ld6/ 6f9fsf] of] ljzfn dxfljxf/ af}4 wd{sf] Ps ljZjk|l;4
z}lIfs k|lti7fg lyof] . o;nfO{ ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] / klxnf] cGt/f{li6«o
ljZjljBfno elgG5 . s'g} ;dodf oxfF @,))) lzIfs / @),))) ljBfyL{ cfjf;Lo ¿kdf
/xGy] . j/k/sf 5j6f /fHox¿n] o;sf] e/0fkf]if0f ub{y] . ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{ /
lzIfsnfO{ j[lQ lbOGYof] . O;fk"j{ ;ftf}Fb]lv afx|f}F ztfAbL;Dd of]
ef/tjif{s} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] z}lIfs k|lti7fgsf ¿kdf k|ltli7t lyof] .Æ Pp6f
6'l/:6 ufO8 blIf0f ef/tLo ko{6sx¿nfO{ s/fO{s/fO{ cª\u|]hLdf elg/x]sf] lyof] .
kGw|–;f]x|hgfsf] ;d"xdf cfPsf tL dflg; ;fob s]/nf of tldngf8'sf lyP .
æd'un afbzfx
alVtof/ lvnhLn] o;nfO{ gi6 ug{ nufpg'cl3;Dd oxfF af}4, h}g / lxGb" wd{sf]
ljzb cWoog / cg';Gwfg ul/GYof] . af}4 laxf/ eP klg oxfF lxGb" / h}g dtsf]
klg plQs} :jtGqtfk"j{s cWoog–cWofkg ul/GYof] . oxfF dfq xf]Og Oltxf;sf]
ljleGg sfnv08df ef/tdf cfhsf] kfls:tfgsf] tflS;nfdf /x]sf] tIflznf / laxf/sf]
efunk'/g]/sf] ljqmdlznfdf klg lxGb", h}g / af}4 wd{, lj1fg, Hof]ltif,
lrlsT;flj1fg, Jofs/0f, ;flxTo, ts{zf:q, Gofozf:q / cg]s ljifodf k9fO x'GYof] .
t/ of]hlt Jojl:yt / 7"nf lyPgg\ tL, g t olt bL3{sfn;Dd tL s'g} l6s] .Æ
ufO8 eGb} uof] .
æcjwsf] u'Kt
;fd|fHo / sGgf}hsf /fhf xif{sf] kfnfdf o;sf] ;a}eGbf kmlnkmfk lyof] . kfnj+zL
/fhfx¿sf ;dodf o; dxfljxf/df ef/tel/af6 dfq xf]Og hfkfg, sf]l/of, rLg, ltAat,
g]kfn, adf{, >Lnª\sf / cg]s b]zsf ljBfyL{x¿
af}4 wd{sf] cWoogfy{ cfpFy] . h}g tLy{ª\s/ dxfjL/ /
zfSod'lg a'4n] oxfF cfP/ k|jrg lbPsf k|df0fx¿ e]l6Psf 5g\ . eujfg\ a'4sf r]nf
;fl/k'q klg oxLF lyP . o; ljZjljBfnosf s'nkltx¿df gfufh'{g / cfo{b]jsf] gfd
ljz]if cfb/sf ;fy lnOG5 .æ ufO8n] eGof] . pm a]nfa]nf sGg8, t]n'u' of tldn
efiffsf zAb ld;fpFYof] / dnfO{ a'em\g sl7g kYof{] .
c¿n] k};f lt/]/
NofPsf] ufO8af6 hfgsf/L a6'Ng dnfO{ c;lhnf] eof] / d Psflt/ nfu]F . csf{]
7fpFdf csf{] clns ;fgf] ;d"x lyof] . Tof] ;fob hfkfgL of yfO{ ofq'sf]
;d"x x'g'k5{ eGg] dnfO{ nfUof] . Pp6f ef/tLo ko{6g ufO8 ltgnfO{ s]xL
elg/x]sf] lyof] . d ltgLx¿ ePlg/ k'u]F .
))))
x'Pg
;fª
æljZjk|l;4
lrlgofF ofqL x'Pg ;fªn] oxfF cfP/ s'nklt zLneb|;Fu b'O{ jif{ cWoog u/]sf lyP .
pgsf] j0f{gdf /fhlu/, gfnGbf, k6gf cflbsf] hghLjgsf] emns kfOG5 . pgn] o; ljZjljBfnosf]
lj:t[t ljj/0f lbPsf 5g\ . pgL cfPsf] ;dodf oxfF b'O{ xhf/ lzIfs / kGw| xhf/
ljBfyL{ lyP /] . x'Pg ;fªn] oxfF af}4 bz{gafx]s Jofs/0f, ts{zf:q / ;+:s[t klg
k9] . pgn] oxfF s]xL ;do k|fWofkg;d]t u/]sf lyP /] .Æ ef/tLo ko{6g ufO8n]
eg]sf] d}n] ;'g]F .
x'Pg ;fªn] gfnGbf
ljZjljBfnosf] af/]df n]v]sf] ljj/0fsf] Ps c+z Ps 7fpFdf ;"rgfkf6Ldf
lbOPsf] lyof]–
æToltdfq sxfF xf]
/ < o; ;d:t kl/;/nfO{ OF6sf] ljzfn kvf{nn] 3]l/Psf] 5 . o;/L o; dxfljxf/nfO{
aflx/L cltqmd0faf6 alnof] u/L arfp ul/Psf] 5 . Pp6f ljzfn åf/ Ps dxfljBfnosf]
k|j]zåf/ ag]sf] 5 . aLrdf cf7j6f a8]a8] ;efsIfx¿ 5g\ . clg cg]s cUnf, snfTds,
emlsemsfp :tDe / :t"kx¿sf ;d"x 5g\ . dflyNnf sf]7fx¿ afbneGbf dfly
nfU5g\ . clg ToxfFaf6 k/k/ x]bf{ x':;' / s'lx/f] tn b]lvG5 .Æ
p;a]nfsf] ;dodf
tL ejgx¿ s:tf lyP xf]nfg\ < d]/f] dg plåUg eO/x\of] . gfnGbf cfpg] w]/}
jif{cl3b]lvsf] d]/f] ;kgfn] cfh d"t{¿k kfPsf] lyof] . x'Pg ;fªsf] j0f{g /
oxfFsf] v08x/sf] b[Zofjnf]sgaf6 efjflt/]sn] d a]r}g eO/x]sf] lyPF .
æc¿sf] kmf]6f] /
lel8of] dfq lsg lvlr/xg'ePsf] < d}n] cfZro{ dfg]/ x]b{} u/]sf] Pp6f kmf]6f]
klg lvlrlbgf];\ g .Æ ;Ltfn] ;f]rsf] d]/f] k|jfxnfO{ layf]lnlbOg\ . d}n] pgn]
lj:dosf ;fy gfnGbf ljZjljBfnosf] v08x/ x]/]sf] lel8of] ;'6'Ss lvlr;s]sf] lyPF .
t}klg pgsf zAbnfO{ ;fGTjgf lbg km]l/ PskN6 lel8of] lnPF .
æNofpgf];\ . d
tkfO{Fsf] klg lvlrlbpFnf .Æ pgn] d]/f] xftaf6 df]afOn kmf]g vf]l;g\ .
æd}n] k|;Gg
cg'xf/ agfpg vf]h]F . pgn] lel8of] lvRt} 5g\ eGg] yfxf kfPkl5 d o;sf] Oltxf; e6Øfpg
yfn]F . d gfnGbfdf cfOk'u]sf] cg'e"ltnfO{ o; lel8of]n] tfhf u/fO/fVg]5 eGg]
dnfO{ nfUof] .
o;kl5 d}n] OGb|
;/ / sdnf Dofdsf] klg kmf]6f] lvr]F . pxfFx¿sf] df]afOn dfu]/ To;df 5f]6f]
lel8of] klg lvlrlbPF . OGb| ;/ / sdnf Dofdsf] cfZro{sf] efj d}n]
;kmntfk"j{s lel8of]df ;d]6\g ;s]F . clu 6'/ ufO8sf s'/f ;'Gg'ePsf] eP
pxfFx¿sf] lj:do cem a9L x'g] lyof] eGg] dnfO{ nfUof] .
ef/tLo o'jfx¿sf]
Pp6f ko{6s 6f]nL ptfaf6 cfof] . d}n] tLdWo]sf] Pp6f o'jsnfO{ xfdL rf/}hgfsf]
kmf]6f] lvlrdfu]F . xfd|f] rf/;b:oLo 6f]nL obfsbf dfq Ps;fy b]vfkYof]{
kmf]6f]df .
d k'gM r}To,
:t"k / dlGb/x¿sf ;+/rgfdf x/fPF . j/k/ ko{6snfO{ k}bn lxF8\g ;'ljwf xf];\
eg]/ cUnf] kf/]/ af6f] agfOPsf] 5 . x/]s gofF 7fpFsf] kl/ro lbg] ;"rgfkf6L
5 / ko{6sLo dxŒjsf j:t'x¿sf] ;'/Iffdf s'g} sdL /xg lbOPsf] 5}g . ko{6sx¿df
Hofbfh;f] OlG8og g} eP klg o'/f]k]nL / dª\uf]n cg'xf/sf Pl;ofnL k|z:t lyP,
clk|msL ;d"x Pp6f dfq b]Vof}F xfdLn], ;fob tL cd]l/sL sfnf hfltsf lyP
xf]nfg\ . df};d w'lDdO/x]sfn] xfdLnfO{ ;a}lt/ k'Ug ;xh eof] . o; ;dodf gq 3fdn]
kf]n]/ 3'Dg} ;s; x'g] lyof] .
;Ltf, OGb| ;/ /
sdnf Dofd lgs} k/ k'lu;s]5g\ . d klg km6fkm6 kl5 nfu]F . otfkl§ klg ;+/rgfsf]
ljlrq sflnu8L / OlGhlgol/ª b]lvof] . d tL ;a}sf] kmf]6f] lvr]/ dfq cl3 a9\g
;s]F . sltko ;+/rgfsf r/ dlGb/, :t"k, r}To / lrxfgsf x'g;Sy] . ltgn]
Oltxf;sf] Ps sfnv08nfO{ xfd|f cufl8 k|:t't ul//x]sf lyP .
tL æhfkfgL of
yfO{Æ ko{6sx¿sf] ufO8 eGb} lyof]– æoxfFsf dxfofgLx¿nfO{ xLgofgL af}4dfuL{x¿
xfjfbf/L bfz{lgs eG7fGy] . Pshgf lrlgofF af}4 leIf'n] gfnGbf ljZjljBfnon] lbg] 1fg
ck"0f{, PsfsL, kIfkftL / k"jf{u|xL 5, o;n] lgikIf / :jtGq l;sfO tyf
ljj]ssf] :jtGqtf x/0f u/]sf] 5 eg]/ cf/f]k nufP /] . o; cf/f]ksf] v08g ug{ cg]s
leIf'x¿n] rLg;Ddsf] ofqf ug'{k/]sf] lyof] /] .Æ
p;n] km]l/ eGof]–
ælrlgofF ofqL x'Pg ;fªn] :jb]z kms{Fbf cfkm";Fu ^%& k':tsx¿ nu]sf lyP
/] . kfFr ;o aL;j6f afs;df tL k':ts, cg]s P]ltxfl;s b:tfj]hx¿ / pkxf/x¿ nu]sf
lyP /] . pgL lrlgofF zf;sx¿sf] tkm{af6 dxfofg af}4dtsf] cWoogfy{ k7fOPsf
k|ltefzfnL lrlgofF leIf' lyP /] .Æ
d}n] hfkfgL of
yfO{ eG7fg]sf ko{6s ;fob rfOlgh lyP, Tof] ufO8 logLx¿nfO{ rLg;Da4 hfgsf/L lbgdf
an ul//x]sf] lyof]– æx'Pg ;fª, kmf lxofg / O–lrª ;a}eGbf k|ltefzfnL lrlgofF
leIf' lyP . lrlgofF leIf'x¿afx]s rfnL;hgf sf]l/og / hfkfgLsf] klg oxfF gfd
e]l6G5 .Æ
d}n] ;a}lt/ cfFvf
8'nfP/ x]/]F– cfh nueu b;–afx| x]S6/df dfq km}lnPsf] b]lvG5 of] v08x/, t/
Oltxf;sf] s'g} sfnv08df of] ljZjljBfno emGg} sf7df8f}F pkTosfhqf] x'g'k5{ eGg]
a'lemof] . ;a}lt/ bf}8Lbf}8L kmf]6f] lvRof}F . d}n] OGb| ;/ / sdnf Dofdsf clg
;Ltf / sdnf Dofdsf klg lgs}j6f kmf]6f] lvr]F . clg xfdL aflx/ lg:Sof}F .
gfnGbfsf] gofF
cGt/f{li6«o ljZjljBfno klg 5 eg]/ d}n] ;'g]sf] lyPF, ;do ldn]sf] eP Totf klg
k'Ug] dg lyof] . t/ oxfFsf ;ª\u|xfno, x'Pg–;fª ejg / cGo w]/} s'/f x]g{} gkfO{
xfdL cufl8 ga9L x'Fb}gYof] .
lxGbL af]Ng]
ef/tLo a"9fx¿sf] cf7–gf}hgfsf] Pp6f 6f]nLnfO{ lnP/ csf{] Pp6f ufO8 cfof] .
pm eGb} /x]5– æoxfF lyof] k':tsfno . oxfF w]/} tnf ePsf tLg ejg lyP, k':tsfnosf
. k':tsfnonfO{ wd{o1 elgGYof] / /Tg;fu/, /Tgf]blw / /Tg/f1s gfdsf tLg ejg lyP .
/Tgf]blw ejg gf}tn] ePsf] s'/f lrlgofF ofqL O{–lrªn] n]v]sf 5g\ .Æ
xl/of] rp/, ;'Gb/
au}Frf / v'nf af6f] eP/ xfdL u]6aflx/ lg:Sof}F . o'/f]k]nL, cd]l/sL,
lrlgofF–hfkfgL / yfO{–dª\uf]lnog cg'xf/sf ko{6sx¿ x"n afFw]/ leq k:t} lyP
. ;8ssf] Psfkl§sf] lsgf/df So'l/of] k;nx¿sf] n:s/ lyof] / ko{6sx¿nfO{ s]xL g
s]xL lrgf] jf pkxf/ lsg]/ nUg nf]EofO/x]sf lyP tL . csf{]kl§sf] lsgf/df nx/}
6x/] xf]6nx¿ lyP . aflx/ lg:sgf;fy xf]6ndf k;]/ cl3 c8{/ lbPsf] eft–bfn–t/sf/L
vfg' / emf]nf l6k]/ /fhlu/tkm{ nlDsxfNg' lyof] xfdLnfO{ .
xf]6ndf k:gf;fy
xf]6njfnfn] tfQftf] bfn–eft k:Sof] . x\jf/x\jf/ afkm cfpFbf] vfgf xtf/xtf/ vfof}F . v'nf / ;kmf jftfj/0fdf tfQftf]
vfg kfpFbf dg k|km'Nn ePsf] lyof] .
))))
alVtof/
lvnhL
clg xfdL Pp6f
6fFuf r9]/ a; :6ktkm{ nfUof}F . af6fdf d}n] 6fFufjfnf a"9fnfO{ gfnGbf ljZjljBfnosf]
k':tsfnosf af/]df ;f]w]F– æoxfF Psbd} 7"nf] k':tsfno lyof] /] . x}g <Æ
æxfdLnfO{ yfxf
5}g xh'/ . 3f]8fn] s] vfG5, cr]n Pp6f ultnf] 3f]8fsf] d"No slt k5{, sxfF
lsGg kfOG5 eGg] s'/f ;f]Wg'xf];\, d 7Ls7Ls elglbG5' . lstfasf] s'/f xfdL a'em\b}gf}F
. Æ a"9fn] eGof] .
To;}a]nf Pshgf
rfnL;–k}FtfnL; jif{sf] dflg; xfd|f] 6fFufdf r9\of] . 6fFufjfnf / To; dflg;n]
s'g} :yfgLo ljifodf 5f]6f] s'/fsfgL u/] . ltgLx¿sf] cfk;df /fd|f] lrgf/L 5 eGg]
s'/f pgLx¿sf] ukm ug{] tl/sfn] a'lemGYof] . clg 6fFufjfnfn] dlt/ kms{]/ eGof]–
clu dnfO{ ;f]w]sf] s'/f pxfFnfO{ ;f]lwx]g'{xf];\ . pxfF hubLzk'/df ;]7
sGx}ofnfn cu/jfnsf] sf]7Ldf d'G;L sfd ug'{x'G5 . klxnf w]/} jif{ k6gfdf
a:g'x'GYof] .
æhubLzk'/ sxfF
k5{ lg <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
æglhs} 5 .
hubLzk'/af6 oxfF cfpg kGw| ldg]6 k}bn af6f] xf] . clxn] d kGx];f hfg nfu]sf] .Æ
To; dflg;n] eGof] .
ægfnGbf ljZjljBfnosf]
k':tsfno Psbd eJo / 7"nf] lyof] /] lg t . Tof] s] sf/0fn] gi6 eof] <
lvnhLs} ;]gfn] gi6 u¥of] jf c¿ g} s'g} sf/0fn] <Æ
Tof] d'G;L ;]tf]
;'tL s'tf{, ;]t} kfOhfdf / Knfl:6ssf rKkn nufPsf] lyof] . Ps ltxfO{ skfn
km'n]sf] / ev{/} bf/Lh'Fuf sf6]/ lrl6Ss k/]sf] lyof] . p;n] ko{6s ufO8sf em}F
aofg ug{ yflnxfNof]– æoxfF Psbd 7"nf] k'':tsfno lyof] . oxfFsf] k':tsfnodf
;++:s[t, kfnL, ltAatL / lrlgofF efiffsf nfvf}F k':ts lyP . ;a} k':ts x:tlnlvt
lyP . ;of}F ljåfg\ leIf'x¿nfO{ k':ts ;fg{] sfd lbOGYof] . ljBfyL{x¿n] klg
ljåfg\ ePkl5 k':ts ;fg{] sfddf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg'kYof]{ . p;a]nfdf cfhsf] h:tf]
5fkfvfgf lyPg lg t .Æ
æxh'/ .Æ d}n]
eg]F .
æoxfFsf]
k':tsfnosf ;Dk"0f{ k':ts hnfpg cfttfoLx¿nfO{ 5 dlxgf nfu]sf] lyof] /] .Æ
æ5 dlxgf <Æ
;Ltf lrRofOg\ . ;Ltf lrRofPsf] ;'g]/ OGb| ;/ klg em:sg'eof] . d}n] OGb| ;/nfO{
cYof{PF– æoxfFsf] k':tsfno hnfpg d';ndfg zf;sx¿nfO{ 5 dlxgf nfu]sf] lyof] /] .Æ
d'G;Ln] eGof]– ælbNnLsf
;'Ntfg alVtof/ lvnhLn] oxfFsf] ljZjljBfno / k':tsfno lsg Wj:t kf/]sf x'g\,
jf:tljs sf/0f yfxf 5 tkfO{Fx¿nfO{ <Æ
æo'4 eof] xf]nf
otfsf /fhfx¿;Fu, clg of] ljzfn ;+/rgf klg s'g} ;}lgs cvf8f kf] xf] ls eg]/
cfqmd0f ubf{ Wj:t eof] xf]nf g} .Æ d}n] eg]F . dnfO{ yfxf lyof] o; ljZjljBfnonfO{
lxGb", af}4 / h}gwdL{ /fhfx¿n] cfly{s e/0fkf]if0f, ef}lts ;xof]u tyf g}lts
cf8e/f];f lbPsf lyP . pgLx¿s} bfgbftJoaf6 of] ;+:yf rn]sf] lyof] . bfgbftJoaf6
rn]sf] ;+:yfn] alVtof/ lvnhL;Fu s'g} b':dgL ug{] s'/} x'Fb}g .
æx}g . s]sf] o'4
x'g' .Æ d'G;L clns pQ]lht eof] . clg Ps}l5gdf pm zfGt eP/ eGg yfNof]– æ;'Ntfg
alVtof/ lvnhL PskN6 Psbd la/fdL k/] /] . pgsf] pkrf/sf nflu o'gfgL / kmf/;L
xlsdx¿ af]nfOP . cg]s k|oTg ubf{ klg /fhfnfO{ la;]s ePg . s'g} pkfo gb]v]kl5
kmf/;L xlsdn] ;'NtfgnfO{ eGof] /]– æhxfFkgfx Û xfd|f] bafbf? /
1fgn] xh'/sf] ladf/ lgsf] xf]nf h:tf] b]lvPg . PskN6 cfo'j{]bsf] kf] k|of]u
ug{] xf] ls <Æ
lvnhLnfO{ o'gfgL
/ kmf/;L xlsdx¿k|lt 7"nf] e/f];f lyof] . oL d';ndfg afbzfxsf] dg
cfkm"n] lht]sf lxGb" /fhfx¿sf] ;]jf ug{] lxGb" cfo'j{}lbs lj1
lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx lng dfg]g . pgn] cfkm\gf] xsLdnfO{ xsfb{} eg]– æx'Fb}g .
ltdLh:tf xlsdn] ug{ g;s]sf] sfd tL lar/f x?jfx¿n] s;/L ug{ ;Snfg\ / <Æ
xlsdn] laGtL
la;fP5– æhxfFkgfx Û xh'/sf] tlaot
b'?:t x'g l9nf] eO/x]sf] 5 . PskN6 pgLx¿sf] bafO{ klg cfhdfO{x]g{] kf] xf] ls
<Æ
afbzfxn] 7Ls} 5
lg t eg]/ gfnGbf ljZjljBfnosf cfo'j{]b ljefusf ljlzi6 u'?x¿nfO{ cfjZos
cf}iflwx¿;d]t lnP/ cfpg x's'd k7fP5g\ .
gfnGbfsf cfo'j{]b
ljefusf lrlsT;s u'?x¿sf] ;efn] t'?Gt ;'NtfgnfO{ s] ePsf] xf] / s]s:tf] pkrf/,
cf}iflw cflb ug'{kg{] xf] eg]/ 5nkmn u/]5 . To;cg';f/sf cfjZos cf}iflwx¿ /
pks/0f;lxt ljz]if1 lrlsT;sx¿sf] 6f]nL k7fOxfn]5 . lbNnLsf ;'NtfgnfO{ o:tf]
a]nfdf ;xof]u u/]/ pgLx¿ ljZjf; tyf ;xof]usf] af6f] vf]Ng rfxGy] .
6f]nLk|d'v ljlzi6
u'?n] ;'Ntfgsf] lz/df xft /fvL s]xL dGq pRrf/0f u/]5g\ . pgn] xft /fvL
dGqf]Rrf/0f ul/;Sgf;fy s}of}F lbgb]lv cf]5\ofgd} ynf k/]sf ;'Ntfg h'?Ss p7]/
a;]5g\ . lrlsT;sn] pgnfO{ To; ;fFemsf nflu cf}iflwsf] Ps dfqf lbP5g\ . b'O{tLg
lbg;Dd lgoldt cf}iflw vfPkl5 ;'Ntfg t nueu cf/fd eOxfn]5g\ .
lrlsT;ssf]
6f]nLn] ;'NtfgnfO{ c¿ s]xL lbgsf lgldQ cf}iflw lbP5 . ;'Ntfgn] pgLx¿nfO{ a8f]
vflt/bf/L u/]/ ;–;Ddfg labfO u/]5g\ .
æ;'Ntfgn]
cfkm\gf] 6f]nLnfO{ ;–;Ddfg labf u/]sf] va/ k'u]kl5 ljZjljBfno kl/jf/ la5§ v';L
eP5 .
t/ otf ;'Ntfgsf]
lbdfudf rflxF cs{} ltu8d cfP5 . pgn] ;f]r]5g\– xfdL ef/tsf zf;s xf}F . oxfF
xfdLn] h] ;f]R5f}F, ToxL ;f]rfO ;j{>]i7 xf], h] u5f}F{ ToxL u/fO ;j{>]i7
xf], h] hfGb5f}F ToxL 1fg ;j{>]i7 xf] eGg] d}n] 7fg]sf] lyPF . t/
lxGb"x¿ xfdLeGbf 1fg, r]tgf / lj1fgdf w]/} cufl8 /x]5g\ . logsf] 1fg,
r]tgf, lj1fg / cfTd;DdfgnfO{ Wj:t gkf/L lognfO{ ;w}Fsf nflu lhTg / zf;g ug{
;lsFb}g . logsf] cfo'j{]b gi6 gu/L xfd|f xlsdx¿sf] ;jf{]RrtfnfO{ :yflkt ug{ klg
;lsFb}g .Æ
ægfnGbf ljZjljBfno
k"jL{o r]tgfsf] s]Gb| lyof] . pgn] Pp6f 7"nf] ;}Go bn To; ljZjljBfnonfO{
Wj:t kfg{ v6fP . ljZjljBfno kl/;/ ljzfn kvf{nn] 3]/]sf] lyof] . ltgLx¿n] leq
k;]/ l56} g} ljZjljBfno Wj:t kfl/xfn] . ljBfyL{ / lzIfsx¿ slt dfl/P slt efUg
EofP s'g} n]vf /x]g . w]/} lzIfsx¿ efu]/ >Lnª\sf, g]kfn, adf{,
rLglt/ nfu] . ;a}eGbf a9L lzIfsx¿n] ltAatdf z/0f lnP .Æ
nfdf] sxfgL
ul/;s]kl5 d'G;Ln] dnfO{ x]l//x\of]– d]/f] k|ltlqmof ;'Ggsf nflu . d t s]xL
af]lngF t/ ;Ltfn] elgg\– æP Û To;f] kf] xf] Û To;/L kf] of] Wj:t ePsf] xf] <Æ
æljZjljBfno t
Wj:t eof] g} t/ oxfFsf] k':tsfnosf Pp6} klg k':ts s;}n] nUg kfPg . ;a} k':ts
hnfO;Sg 5 dlxgf nfu]sf] lyof] /] .
æ5 dlxgf < Æ
km]l/ OGb| ;/sf] k|ltlqmof cfof] .
æxh'/, 5 dlxgf
nfu]sf] /] . To;kl5 efu]/ ltAat / g]kfnlt/ k'u]sf u'?x¿n] cfkm\gf] ;Demgfsf]
cfwf/df k'gM tL lstfax¿ n]Vg] sfd u/]sf /] . cfh j]b, j]bfGt, dLdf+;f,
pklgifb\, k'/f0f, pkk'/f0fnufot ;d:t s[ltx¿ ltg} efu]/ Hofg hf]ufpg ;kmn
a"9fx¿n] n]v]sf s[lt x'g\ . ltgn] gn]lvlbPsf eP Tolta]nf;Dd cflh{t ;d:t
ef/tLo 1fg gi6 x'g] lyof] .Æ d'G;Ln] bfaL u¥of] .
d'G;L Psbd
pQ]hgfdf lyof] . pm eGb} uof]– æcd]l/sfsf] hª\undf ds} e]l6Psf] lyof] . s'g}
c;Eo hª\unL dflg;n] Tof] Ps 3f]uf] ds} e]6Øf] xf]nf . s]xL vfg]s'/f e]l6G5 ls
eGb} ef]sn] ef}Ftfl/O/x]sf] To; hª\unL dfgjn] Tof] ds} s'k's'k' PSn} vfP/
;lslbPsf] eP p;sf] s]xL ef]s cjZo dg{] lyof] t/ cfhsf] dflg;n] ds} elgg] cGg
b]Vg kfpg] lyof] < lyPg lg . clg ds}sf] aLp vfOlbg] To; dflg;nfO{ s;}n] s]xL
bf]if lbg] lyof] < lbg ldNg] g} lyPg, lsgeg] Tof] ds} p;n] e]6]sf] lyof] /
ef]sdf h] e]6]sf] vfg' ;j{:jLs[t ;fdfGo Jojxf/ x'GYof] . t/ p;sf]
b"/blz{tfn] cfh ;+;f/el/sf dflg;n] ds} vfg kfPsf 5f}F . 1fg klg To:t} xf]
. 1fgsf] d"n dfl;lbof] eg] t v]n vtd . x}g / <
æd';ndfgsf
cfttfoL Jojxf/sf] k|df0f xf] gfnGbf . 1fgsf] ;j{gfzåf/f cfkm\gf] ;jf{]Rrtf :yflkt
ug{] d"v{ / ck/fwLx¿sf] s'sd{sf] ;fIfL xf] gfnGbf .Æ Tof] clns e'F8] d'G;L
xfdLnfO{ k|Zg;"rs cfFvfn] x]b{} r'k nfUof] .
æToltdfq sxfF xf]
/ < alVtof/ lvnhLn] cf]bGtk'/L dxfljxf/ klg Wj:t kf/]sf x'g\ . cf]bGtk'/L
oxfFaf6 b;–kGw| lsnf]ld6/ dfq k/ 5 . ptf klg k'Ug] of]hgf 5 xf]nf tkfO{Fx¿sf],
hfg nfos 5 Tof] 7fpF klg . cem Tof] t kxf8sf] l9:sfdf x'gfn] ;'Gb/ klg plQs}
kf] 5 t .Æ To; d'G;Ln] cfkm\gf] emf]nf ;DxfNb} eGof] .
t/ xfdL o;k6s cf]bGtk'/L
hfg] of]hgfdf lyPgf}F . ToxfFsf] dxfljxf/df afx| xhf/ ljBfyL{ / Ps xhf/hlt
lzIfs x'Gy] eGg] d}n] st} ;'g]sf] lyPF . o;}u/L oxfFaf6 ljqmdlznf klg glhs} 5
t/ Totf klg o;kN6 xfdL hfg ;St}gYof}F, yf]/} lbgsf nflu lg:s]sf xfdLn] x]g{ /
b]Vg rfx]sf s'/f w]/} lyP .
x'g t gfnGbfdf
;+/lIft / ljtl/t 1fgaf6 lxGb", af}4 jf h}gx¿ dfq nfeflGjt x'g] s'/f lyPg,
d'l:ndx¿ klg plQs} nfeflGjt x'g;Sy] . /fhlu/ hfg] a; /f]lsg] 7fpF cfO;s]sf]
lyof] . 3f]8f cl8Pkl5 xfdL cf]Nof}}{F . Tof] d'G;L klg xfdL;Fu} cf]ln{of] . xfdL
cfkm\gf ux|f}F emf]nf af]s]/ ;8s kf/ ug{ nfUof}F . pm klg xfdL;Fu} cfof] .
ætIflznf gi6
ug{], cf]bGtk'/L Wj:t kfg{], gfnGbf gf:g], ljqmdlznfsf] ;j{gfz ug{] / ptf
hubnsf] klg hu} p8fpg] d';ndfg cfttfoLnfO{ Oltxf;n] slxNo} Ifdf ug'{x'Fb}g . t/
ltg}n] ef/tnfO{ vfP . xfd|f] ef/tsf] cfwf lx:;f cfh pgLx?n] nu]/ kfls:tfg /
aª\unfb]z agfP . otf ef/td} klg ;+;f/sf] bf];|f] 7"nf] d';ndfg hg;ª\Vof 5
/ casf] s]xL jif{df of] ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] d'l:nd b]z aGb} 5 .Æ To;
d'G;Lsf] :j/df lg/fzf 5fPsf] b]lvof] .
a; cfOxfNof] /
xfdL xtf/xtf/ r9\of}F . d'G;L a;sf] 9f]s}df pleof], lsgeg] p;n] b'O{tLg
lsnf]ld6/ blIf0fsf] kGx];fdf cf]n{g' lyof] . dnfO{ Pp6f a"9f] dflg;sf]
5]pdf l;6 ldNof] . emf]nf l;6d'lg 7]Nb} To; a"9fsf 5]pdf a;]F .
))))
ldlynf
s;sf] <
æxh'/ nf]sn x'g'ef]
<Æ d}n] 5]pdf a;]sf] To; a"9fnfO{ cfb/k"j{s ;f]w]F .
;]tf] s'tf{;'?jfn
nufPsf] To; a"9fsf 6fpsfdf clncln dfq /f}F ar]sf lyP . 6fpsf] Psbd lrNnf]
/ ;kmf lyof] . pd]/df Tof] dflg; hflu/], Jofkf/L jf To:t} 3fdkfgLaf6 aRg]]
vfnsf] sfd uYof]{ eGg] d}n] cg'dfg u/]F .
æxf] . d]/f] 3/
oxLF gfjkf]v/df xf] . ca b; lsnf]ld6/ dfq 5 . tkfO{Fx¿ 3'Dg cfpg'ePsf] xf] <Æ
æxf] xfdL 3'Dg
eg]/ cfPsf . g]kfnaf6 . d}n] nufPsf] of] sfnf] 6f]kL g]kfnsf] klxrfg xf] .Æ
æP xf] < d}n]
t of] d'l:ndx¿sf] 6f]kL kf] eG7fg]sf] === . x]x] .Æ a"9f] yf]t] d'v
xNnfpFb} xfF:of] .
æd g]kfnL . a|fXd0f
hfltsf] === . p M d]/L kTgL . d]/f c¿ b'O{hgf ;fyL klg 5g\ . pxfFx¿ g]kfnsf]
sf7df8f}Fsf . gfnGbf 3'd]/ otf cfPsf .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æP . cF, clg
gfnGbfsf] af/]df s]s] yfxf kfpg'eof] lg <Æ
æw]/} s'/f yfxf
kfOof] lg . of] t 1fgsf] e08f/ g} lyof] /x]5 lg p;a]nf .Æ d}n] a;sf] kl5Nnf]
v08lt/ cfFvf 8'nfpFb} eg]F . clns kl5Nnf] v08df ;Ltf / OGb| ;/x¿n] l;6 kfpg'–eP5
. ;a}hgfn] cf/fdsf l;6 e]6]sfn] d 9'Ss ePF . d'G;L xfdLnfO{ km]l/ z'eofqfsf]
sfdgf eGb} xft xNnfP/ csf{] a;:6kdf cf]ln{OxfNof] .
æxf] . ef/tdf
p;a]nf 1fgsf b'O{ dfq s]Gb| lyP . Pp6f of] gfnGbf / csf{] ldlynf . ldlynf /
gfnGbfsf ljåfg\sf aLr zf:qfy{ rNYof] .Æ a"9fn] eGof] .
ældlynfsf]
/fhwfgL hgsk'/ t g]kfndf kf] k5{ t .Æ d}n] t'?Gt} k|ltjfb u/]F . s'g} o'udf ;gftg
j}lbs wd{bz{gsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] r]tgfk'~h ag]sf] d]/f] hgsk'/nfO{ pm
ef/tsf] 1fgs]Gb| elg/x]sf] lyof] .
æxf] <Æ
a"9fn] cfZro{ k|s6 u¥of] . æd}n] gfnGbfsf] d"nåf/cufl8 ;f]x| jif{sf]
pd]/b]lv ;Q/L jif{sf] pd]/ xf]pGh]n;Dd So'l/of] ;fdfg a]r]F . hLjge/ d}n]
gfnGbf / ldlynfnfO{ ef/tsf b'O{ 1fgs]Gb| eg]F . s;}n] æx}gÆ eg]g . d laxf/L x'F . dnfO{ yfxf 5, laxf/d} 5 ldlynf~rn .
laxf/d} 5g\ s/f]8f}F d}lynefifL . d}lyn slj ljBfklt laxf/sf lje"lt x'g\ . g]kfnsf]
efiff t g]kfnL xf]Og / <Æ
ældlynfk|b]zsf]
s]xL efu ef/tdf 5 . t/ ldlynfsf] /fhwfgL ljb]xgu/L jf hgsk'/wfd g]kfndf 5 . olt
s'/f t tkfO{Fn] ldlynfsf] gfd lnP/ So'l/of] a]Rtf hfGg'kg{] . ;+;f/nfO{ yfxf 5
ufuL{–d}q]oLx¿, of1jNSo / ci6fjqmx¿n] sxfF zf:qfy{ uy]{ eg]/ . /fd / ;Ltfsf]
ljjfx sxfF eof], wg'if sxfF efFlrof], wg'iffwfd sxfF 5 eg]/ . d}lyn ;Eotfsf]
s]Gb| t hgsk'/ g} xf] lg, x}g / <Æ d}n] cfkm\gf] c;Gt'li6 kf]v]F .
æd}n] hLjge/
ldlynfnfO{ ef/tsf] eg]F . cfh klg eGb} 5' . ef]ln klg eGg'k5{ d}n] ==== . lsgls
;To oxL xf] .Æ
ældlynf ;Eotf
g]kfnsf] dfq xf]Og ef/tsf] klg ;DklQ xf] . t/ ef/tsf] dfq eGg'eof] eg] uNtL
x'G5, xfdLdfly cGofo x'G5 . ljb]xb]zsf] /fhwfgL hgsk'/wfd xf] / hgsk'/wfd
ef/tdf xf]Og, g]kfndf k5{ . hxfF a8]a8] ljåfg\–ljb'ifLx¿ zf:qfy{ uy{], hxfF
ljåQfsf] sb/ x'GYof], hxfF wd{bz{g, 1fglj1fg / r]tgfnfO{ /fHoaf6 ;+/If0f,
k|j4{g / k|;f/sf nflu cfjZos an ldNYof] Tof] :yfg hgsk'/wfd xf] . d}lyn
;Eotfsf] Tof] s]Gb|rflxF g]kfndf k5{ . g}ldiff/0odf k'/f0f, pklgifb\x¿ n]lvPsf
x'g\ . Tof] g}ldiff/0osf] w]/}h;f] efu g]kfndf k5{ . of] hfGbfhfGb} g]kfnsf]
gfd glnO{ af]Ng'eof] eg] uNtL x'G5 . em'6f] af]Ngfn] ef/tLos} OHht hfG5 . x}g /
<Æ d}n] bf]xf]¥ofP/ eg]F .
æcfh af6fdf
e]l6Psf] Pp6f dflg;n] eGof] eGb}df d ef]lnb]lv d]/f] g}ldiff/0o / d}lyne"ld
ef/tdf xf]Og cs{} b]zdf k5{ eGg yfNg ;S5' <Æ a"9fn] uDeL/tfk"j{s
eGof] .
ætkfO{Fn] nfvkN6
ef/tdf 5 eg]/ eg] klg hgsk'/ g]kfns} efu /lx/xG5 . g}ldiff/0odf n]lvPsf pkj]b /
k'/f0fx¿ ;a} hLljt 5g\, tL hgsk'/s} jl/kl/ n]lvPsf x'g\ . d}lyn /fhfx¿sf]
;+/If0f kfO{ xfd|f] cfo{–;Eotf cem km:6fPsf] xf] . ef/tLox¿n] uf}td a'4nfO{
ef/tdf hGd]sf eg]/ ;+;f/e/ 9f]n lk6], sltko 9fF6x¿ t cfh klg eGb} 5g\ . cfh
g]kfnLn] a'4sf] hGd:yn g]kfndf k5{ / ef/tLo bfaf em'6f] xf] eg]/ k|dfl0ft
ul/lbPkl5 klg sltko ef/tLo ;/d gdfgL eujfg\ a'4nfO{ ef/tLo eG5g\ . nfh;/d
gx'g]sf] cf}iflw s] 5 / <Æ
ænf} of] dfG5] t
uf}td a'4nfO{ klg g]kfnL x'g\ ef/tLo x}gg\ kf] eGg yfNof] . /fd klg ef/tLo geP/
g]kfnL x'g\ ls < s[i0f klg sf7dfG8"lt/} hGd]sf lyP ls <Æ
a"9f] t
l/;fof] . cl3;Dd Tolt lzi6 efiffdf k|:t't a"9f] eujfg\ a'4 g]kfndf hGd]sf
eg]sf] t em8ª\u kf] l/;fof] . p;sf] cg'xf/ tftf] / /ftf] eP/ cfof] . x]bf{x]b{}
pm t ;Eo efiffdf af]Ng ;d]t g;Sg] cj:yfdf k'Uof] .
ægfnGbfh:tf] kljq
/ ljZjk|l;4 7fpFdf a;]sf] dflg;n] ;s];Dd ;To af]Ng'k5{ / ;s];Dd ;+oldt aGg'k5{
. a'4 g]kfnsf dfq xf]Ogg\, ef/tsf dfq t emg\ xf]Ogg\, ;+;f/el/sf ;a} dflg;sf
x'g\ . a'4n] slxn] ef/tLo cfwf/ sf8{ lnP / ef/tLo eP < d}n] eGg vf]h]sf] s]
dfq} xf] eg] a'4 hGd]sf] e"ld n'lDagL g]kfndf k5{ . zfSoj+zLo /fhf
z'4f]wgsf] /fhwfgL ltnf}/fsf]6 g]kfndf 5 . pgL pgGtL; jif{;Dd cfkm\gf]
hGde"ld g]kfnsf] n'lDagLdf a;]sf x'g\ . 1fgsf] vf]hLdf pgL cGoq uPsf x'g\
. ldlynfb]zsf] /fhwfgL hgsk'/ xf] / Tof] g]kfndf k5{ . /x\of] s'/f eujfg\ /fd /
s[i0fsf], pxfFx¿ hxfF hGd]sf eP klg xfdL ;a}sf x'g\ .Æ dnfO{ klg emf]Fs rNof] .
æa"9f] k/Ss
a6fl/of] . pm kNnf]kl§sf] dflg;;Fu u'xf/ dfUg yfNof]– æof] dflg; eujfg\ a'4
g]kfnsf eG5 .Æ
o;f] x]bf{
k9]n]]v]sf] b]lvg] ptfsf] Tof] dflg; xfd|f s'/f ;'lg/x]sf] /x]5 . pm d';'Ss
xfF:of] . p;n] a"9fnfO{ ;Demfpg] lx;fan] la:tf/} eGof]– æof] dflg; ;xL
eGb} 5 . a'4 eujfg\ g]kfndf hGd]sf x'g\ . hgsk'/wfd klg g]kfndf 5 . xf] .
xfdLnfO{ :s'nsf] kf7\ok':tsdf unt k9fOPsf] xf] .Æ
d]/f] l;6;Fu}sf]
a"9f] Psbd lhNn k¥of] . p;n] ca d]/f] s'/f sf6\g ;s]g . cfkm\gf] ;xfotfsf
nflu p;n] c¿ ofq'tkm{ ofrgfk"0f{ b[li6 km}nfof] t/ p;n] b]Vof], oltv]/
p;sf] kIfdf af]lnlbg] sf]xL 5}g . p;n] eujfg\ a'4sf] hGdynf] / ldlynfsf]
/fhwfgL Pshgf g]kfnL;Fu ukm ubf{ub{} Ps}l5gdf u'dfPsf] lyof] . lar/f s] u/f];\
< To;kl5 pm dl;t af]Nb} af]n]g .
d}n] af]nfpFbf
p;n] eGof]– æ6fpsf] b'lv/x]sf] 5 .Æ
uGhkf/ eGg]
:6]G8df Tof] a"9f] a;af6 cf]ln{of] . cf]n{g] a]nfdf pm dlt/ x]/]/ lkm:;
xfF:of] .
))))
/fhlu/
Ps 7fpFdf a;
/f]lsof] . ;a} ofq' cf]n{{] .
æof] 7fpFsf] gfd
s] xf] <Æ d}n] sG8S6/nfO{ ;f]w]F .
æ/fhlu/ xf] .
oxLF cf]n{gf];\ . clg ptf hfgf];\ .Æ sG8S6/n] xftn] k"j{kl§ b]lvPsf
6fFufsf] n:s/lt/ O;f/f ub{} eGof] .
xfdL cfkm\gf
emf]nf af]s]/ cf]ln{of}F . 6fFufjfnfx¿ s/fO/x]sf lyP . xfdLn] Pp6f 6fFuf
aGbf]a:t u¥of}F . o;n] xfdLnfO{ oxfFaf6 /fhlu/sf] zflGt:t"k nUg]5 / af6fdf
tftf]kfgL klg k'¥ofpg]5 eg]/ to eof] .
w/fg ahf/sf]
;8sem}F psfnf] /x]5 ptf hfg] af6f] . psfnf] lkr ;8sdf 3f]8f aNnaNn 6fFuf
tfGYof] . 6fFufjfnf xfd|f] ufO8 eOxfNof] . p;n] xfdLnfO{ af6}df kg{]
lalDa;f/sf] h]n / cGo cg]s v08x/x¿ b]vfof] . j]0f' jg / cGo :yfgx¿sf af/]df klg
atfof] . tKts'08 / To;;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg dlGb/x¿ klg ;8saf6} b]vfof] .
æoxfFsf] ;f]g
e08f/ x]g{ nfos 5 . 3f]8f s6f]/f tnfp klg x]g{}kg]{ 7fpF xf] . tKts'08df
gg'xfO{ glkmg'{xf]nf .Æ 3f]8fnfO{ l56f] lxF8f];\ eg]/ xsfb{} p;n] eGof] .
æxfdL;Fu ;do lgs} sd 5, cfh} gx]/L gx'g] 7fpFrflxF
s]s] x'g\ lg efO <Æ d}n] 6fFufjfnfnfO{ ;f]w]F .
æjL/fotg Do'lhod 5 . u[4s"6 lks, ;f]ge08f/ s]E;
/ gjgfnGbf dxfljxf/ 5g\ . d}n] elgxfn]F lg, tKts'08 / 3f]8f s6f]/f tnfp klg
x]g{ nfos 5g\ . j]0f' jg oxfFsf] zfg xf] . oxfF af3, d[u, xl/0f cflb cg]s
hgfj/x¿ ;+/lIft ul/Psf 5g\ . oxfFsf] p8gv6f]nf ef/ts} ;a}eGbf klxnf] xf] . dfly
8fF8fsf] 6'Kkfdf ljZjzflGt :t"k 5 . ToxLF hfgsf nflu xf] p8gv6f]nf .
p8gv6f]nfnfO{ /Hh'dfu{ jf /f]kj] klg eG5g\ . t/ oL ;a x]g{ t tLg lbg nfUnf .
cfh t ca a]n'sf eO;Sof], s] x]g{ Eofpg'xf]nf / v} < t}klg tkfO{Fx¿ p8gv6f]nf
r9]/ zflGt:t"k hfg'xf]nf / kms{]/ tKts'08df g'xfpg'xf]nf . ;ft ah] clGtd
a; 5'6\5 uofsf nflu . cfh TolQ Eofpg'x'G5 .Æ
d em:s]F . a]n'sf ;f9] kfFr ah] p8gv6f]nfsf] l6s6 aGb
x'G5 / Tof] e]6\g g} xfdLnfO{ wf}wf} knf{ h:tf] b]lvof] . ;'g;fg af6fdf 3f]8f
sgLsgL lxFl8/x]sf] 5 . af6f] emg\ psfnf] x'Fb} 5 . dfly zflGt:t"k 3'd]/
km]l/ p8gv6f]nf r9]/ oxfF cfO{ 6fFuf r9]/ tKts'08df g'xfP/ a;kfs{ k'u]/ ;ft
ah]sf] a; kqmg nueu c;Dejh:t} b]lvof] .
æEofOG5 s] t < ltd|f] 3f]8fn] o:t} u/L s'bfof] eg]
;ft ah] dfq Tof] 8fF8fsf] km]bdf k'¥ofpnf .Æ d}n] xfF:t} eg]F . dgdf lrGtfsf]
9\ofª\u|f] 9ª9ª ug{ yfln;s]sf] lyof] .
æEofOG5, dhfn] EofOG5 . xfdL To; 8fF8fsf] km]bdf hfg]
xf]Og, To; 8fF8fkl/ csf{] pkTosf 5, clg To; pkTosfsf] kNnf] s'gfaf6 kxf8 r9\g]
xf] . ToxfF klg l6s6 sf6\g]sf] nfOg slt nfdf] 5 s] yfxf, lxhf]cfh af]nad
tLy{ofqL otf klg 3'Dg cfpg] l;hg xf], t/ klg p8gv6f]nf r9\g;Dd Eofpg'x'G5 . s'g}
sf/0fjz a; 5'l6xfNof] eg] ptf gjfbf hfg] a; kqmg'xf]nf / gjfbfaf6 6«]g kqm]/
uof cfpg'xf]nf . Ps ah];Dddf t uof cfOk'luxfNg'xf]nf lg . ;do eP t gjfbfsf]
sfsf]n6 em/gf klg x]g{ kfpg'x'g] lyof] .Æ pm lglZrGt b]lvof] .
æeujfg\ a'4 b/af/ Tofu]/ olt 6f9f cfPsf < lsg lg
<Æ ;Ltfn] ;f]lwg\ .
d}n] eg]F– æxfdLnfO{ eujfg\ a'4sf] hLjgrl/q a8f]
;f]emf] atfOG5 M eujfg\ a'4 /fhejgsf] ;'vL / ;DkGg kl/j]zdf x's{] . pgnfO{ s'g}
k|sf/sf] b'Mvsi6 gxf];\ eg]/ /fhf z'4f]wg / /fgL dxfk|hfjtLn] ;w}F Wofg lbP .
pgsf] oyf;dodf ljjfx eof] . ozf]w/f cToGt ;'Gb/L / ;'zLnf lyOg\ . pgL kTgLaf6
cToGt v';L / ;'vL lyP . pgsf Ps k'q hGd], /fx'n . l;4fy{ uf}tdn] hLjgdf b'Mv,
/f]u / cefj b]Vg kfPs} lyPgg\ . Ps lbg 3'Db} hfFbf /f]uL, j[4 / d/]sf] dflg;sf]
nf; b]v]kl5 pgnfO{ ;+;f/ b'Mvn] el/Psf] /x]5 eg]/ yfxf eof] . pgL b'Mvsf] sf/0f
/ o;sf] lgjf/0fsf pkfo vf]Hg crfgs dWo/ftdf b/af/ 5f8]/ lg:s] . pgL cfhsf]
af]wuofdf kLknsf] af]6d'lg Wofg ug{ nfu] . pgnfO{ Wofg ubf{ub{} crfgs a'4Tj
k|fKt eof] . pgn] cfkm\gf] 1fgsf] k|rf/ u/] . xfdLnfO{ k9fOPsf] o:t} xf]Og <Æ
æTolQ t xf] lg, d :s'ndf cfh klg oxL k9fO/x]sL 5' .Æ
;Ltfn] elgg\ .
æof] t aRrfaRrLnfO{ l;sfpg] s'/f xf] . t/ eujfg\
l;4fy{ uf}td TolQ sf/0fn] b/af/ Tofu]/ lxF8]sf lyPgg\ . sxfgL nfdf] 5 .Æ
xfd|f] 6fFuf v6v6v6 ub{} la:tf/} psfnf] rl9/x]sf]
lyof] . xfd|f] ga'lemg] efiff ;'g]/ ;fob 6fFufjfnfnfO{ emsf{] nfu]sf] lyof] .
p;n] Pp6f a]sf/sf] vfnL rp/h:tf] 7fpF b]vfpFb} ;f]Wof]– æyfxf 5 of] 7fpFsf] gfd
s] xf] <Æ
d r'k nfu]sf] b]v]kl5 pm s/fof]– æoxL t xf] lalDa;f/
h]n . /fhf lalDa;f/ h}g wd{ dfGy] . pgsf 5f]/f chftzq' lxGb" lyP .
chftzq'n] afa'nfO{ oxLF s}b u/] / zf;g;Qf xftdf lnP . /fhlu/sf] dtna s] xf]
<Æ
æ/fhb/af/ lg . /fhu[xsf] cke|+z t xf] lg /fhlu/ zAb .Æ
d}n] eg]F .
æxf] . /fhlu/ p;a]nf /fhwfgL lyof] . rf/}lt/ kxf8x¿n]
3]l/Psf] pkTosfdf pgsf] /fhb/af/ lyof] . dfly, j]0f' jgdf . /fhf chftzq' w]/}
zlStzfnL lyP . pgn] oxfFaf6 /fhwfgL ;f/]/ k6gf nu] . pgn] pQ/sf] j}zfnL
/fHonfO{ lht]/ cfkm\gf] /fHodf ldnfP .Æ 6fFufjfnfn] :ki6 kf¥of] .
))))
o'j/fh l;4fy{
æt/ eujfg\ a'4 ;f]em} ;f/gfy guP/ oxfF lsg cfPsf lg
<Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
æd clu eGb} lyPF lg, eujfg\ a'4sf] hLjg Tolt ;f]emf]
lyPg hlt xfdL w]/}h;f]n] hfg]sf 5f}F . ltdL ltnf}/fsf]6 b/af/df k'u]s} 5f},
ToxL t xf] zfSoj+zL /fhfx¿sf] slknj:t' /fhwfgL / b/af/ . b/af/sf] klZrdkl§ eP/
aUg] gbL af0fuª\uf xf] . To;nfO{ p;a]nf efuL/yL klg eGy] . gbLkfl/ sf]zn
;fd|fHodf ;ª\ul7t hgkbx¿ lyP . hgkbx¿ eg]sf ;fgf;fgf /fHox¿ x'g\ h;sf /fhf s'g}
zlStzfnL ;fd|fHosf] ;+/If0fk|fKt cw{;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg x'Gy] . p;a]nf tL hgkbx¿sf
/fhfx¿ Ps–cfk;df lel8/xGy] . o'j/fh l;4fy{ /fhfx¿sf] n8le8nfO{ dg k/fpFb}gy] .
o'4sf sf/0f dflg; cToGt czfGt / b'MvL lyof] . dflg; o'4sf sf/0f ljgfsf/0f
dYof{] .
æTo; If]qdf zfSox¿ ;a}eGbf alnof lyP . af0fuª\uf
gbLsf] kfgLsf] pkef]usf] ljifodf kfl/kl§sf /fhfx¿;Fu ljjfb klxNo}b]lv lyof] .
zfSoj+zL /fhkl/jf/ ltgLx¿nfO{ o'4åf/f tx nufP/ kfgL Psnf}6L pkef]u ug]{ ljifodf
5nkmn ub{} lyof] . o'j/fh l;4fy{n] o'4sf] lj/f]w u/] . o'4 ug'{ Iflqo wd{ ePsf]
x'gfn] slknj:t' b/af/ pgsf] /fo;Fu ;xdt x'g ;s]g . ef/tjif{sf /fhfx¿ hlxNo}
l5d]sL;Fu ;fFw;Ldf, k|fs[lts ;|f]t;fwg / hgzlSt vf]:g nl8/xGy] . o'4af6 x'g]
bf]xf]/f] ljgfz / qf;bL ;Dem]/ l;4fy{ o:tf o'4af6 b]znfO{ arfpg ;+jfb /
;Demf}tfaf6 ;d:of xn ug{df hf]8 lbGy] . hlt Iflqo wd{, jL/tf / o'4sf] k|z+;f
ul/GYof], o'j/fh l;4fy{ plt o'4lj/f]wL aGb} uP . b/af/df pgs} lj?4 if8\oGq ;'?
x'g yfNof] . pgsf] o'j/fh kb vf]:g];Ddsf] if8\oGq rNg yfNof] . o'j/fh l;4fy{ o;
s'/fn] lj/St eP, pgL ;fw' hLjg afFRg] lg0f{o u/L Ps dWo/ftdf b/af/ 5f8]/ lxF8]
.Æ
æs'/f] To;f] kf] xf] < clg o'4 eof] ls ePg <Æ
;Ltfn] ;f]lwg\ .
æzfSoj+z j/k/sf /fhf/hf}6fx¿nfO{ o'4df lhtL lgoGq0f
ug{ ;kmn eof] t/ ltgLx¿ leqleq} d'lStsf nflu 56k6fO–/x] . pgLx¿n] zfSox¿sf]
lj?4df jl/kl/sf ;a} ;fgf /fhf/hf}6f Psu7 eP/ csf{] cfqmd0fsf] tof/L u/] .
æs]xL jif{kl5 eofgs o'4 eof] . To; cfqmd0fdf
zfSoj+zsf] ;j{gfz eof] . slknj:t'df dfq nueu ;Q/L xhf/ dflg;sf] Hofg uof] . /fhf
z'4f]wg To;} kL/n] d/] . slknj:t'sf] ktg eof] . of] s'/f ;fob l;4fy{n] b/af/
Tofu]sf] aL;–kRrL; jif{kl5sf] s'/f xf] . Oltxf;df o;kl5 slknj:t'sf] slxNo}
k'g:yf{kgf x'g ;s]g, ;bfsf nflu of] /fhj+z / /fHo Wj:t eof] . /fHoRo't ePkl5
/fgL dxfk|hfjtL, uf}td a'4sf efOx¿ b]jbQ, gGb / cfgGb clg pgLx¿sf] xhfd pkfln
klg ;ª\3df k|j]z u/L a'4dfuL{ eP .Æ
æP ÛÆ OGb| ;/nfO{ klg
Oltxf;sf oL ;a} s'/f lj:t[tdf yfxf /x]g5 . pxfFn] ;f]Wg'eof]– æclg a'4 olt
6f9fsf] /fhlu/ g} lsg /f]h]/ cfP <Æ
l;4fy{ uf}td dflg;nfO{ s]n] zfGt / ;'vL /fVnf, s'g
1fgn] o'4x¿ /f]Snf eGg] hfgsf/L kfpg a8]a8] Clifx¿af6 1fg k|fKt ug{ yfxGy] .
dfgjsNof0f s'g r]tgfn] xf]nf, s] u/] dfgj hLjg ;kmn xf]nf eg]/ pgL hfGg rfxGy]
. p;a]nf /fhf lalDa;f/sf] b/af/df a8]a8] ljåfg\x¿ zf:qfy{ ub{y] . oxfFsf /fhfn]
cg]s b]zaf6 ljåfg\x¿ lemsfP/ /fv]sf lyP . oL ljåfg\x¿n] ljleGg u|Gyx¿sf] /rgf
u/]sf lyP . j]b, k'/f0f / pklgifb\x¿sf] Jofks cWoog ug{] oL ljåfg\x¿n]
wd{u|Gysf cg]s k|lt n]v]–n]vfPsf lyP tf ls tL ljleGg b]zdf k'u"g\ .
oxfFsf] k|f1;efsf] k|l;l4 ;'g]/ /fhs'df/ l;4fy{ uf}td /fhlu/ cfPsf lyP .
æp;a]nf lalDa;f/sf] b]z ef/tjif{df w]/} ;DkGg,
zlStzfnL / pbf/tfsf nflu gfd'b lyof] . l;4fy{ uf}tdn] oxfF cfP/ cnf/sfnd gfds
Ps k|l;4 Clifsf] cf>ddf a;]/ j]b, pklgifb\ / cGo bfz{lgs zf:qx¿sf] cWoog u/]
. pgn] oxfF c¿ klg Clifd'lgx¿sf] cf>ddf a;]/ cWoog u/] . ;gftgwd{sf ;d:t
zf:qx¿sf] cWoog u/]kl5 pgnfO{ emg\ kL8f eP/ cfof] . oL zf:qx¿sf] 1fgaf6 ljZjsf]
sNof0f x'g] pgn] b]v]gg\ . ;Dk"0f{ zf:qdf vfln o'4sf], df/sf6sf], xTofsf],
if8\oGqsf] rrf{ / k|z+;f x'GYof] . ToxfF b]jtfx¿n] lht]sf] / /fIf;x¿sf] cfdxTof
/ ;+xf/ ul/Psf] x'GYof] . k|f0fLdfqsf] sNof0f x'g] 1fgsf] vf]hLdf lxF8]sf
pgnfO{ cfkm\gf k|Zgsf] pQ/ ldn]sf], hLjgsf] d'lStsf] dfu{ kQf]] nfu]sf] dx;';
ePg . pgL To;kl5 u[4s"6 cfP . u[4s"6df eujfg\ a'4n] afx|b]lv rf}w
jif{ cWoog, dgg / Wofg ub{} latfPsf] cg'dfg ul/G5 .
clg eujfg\ a'4 uoflt/ nfu] . lg/~hgf gbLlsgf/sf]
p?j]nf cyf{t\ cfhsf] af]wuofdf ef]s}ltv{] cWoog / Wofgdf a;] . sf]xLsf]xL
bofn'n] ;'s]/ ef6f] eO;s]sf] pgsf] z/L/ b]v]/ s]xL vfg]s'/f lbGy] . pgnfO{
vfg]s'/fk|lt slQ df]x lyPg, s]xLk|lt df]x lyPg . s;}n] lbOxfn] pgL vfGy], lbPg
eg] jf:t} ub{}gy] . o;/L pgn] cfhsf] af]wuofdf Ps kLknsf] af]6d'lg 5 jif{ latfP
.
cGTodf pgL Ps lgrf]8df k'u]– ljZjdf zflGtsf nflu,
;a}sf] pQd hLjg / d'lStsf] pkfo Ps dfq 5 M clx+;f . pgn] nfdf] ;do nufP/ clx+;f;DaGwL
cfkm\gf] bz{gsf] lj:t[t ¿k/]vf tof/ kf/] .
æTo;kl5 pgL agf/;g]/sf] ;f/gfydf cfP . pgn] cfkm\gf
l;4fGt c¿nfO{ ;'gfpg rfx] . p;a]nf a'4sf] k|jrg ;'Gg slt dflg; cfP yfxf 5 <Æ
æyfxf 5, kfFrhgfn] . x}g / <Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
æxf] . klxnf] kN6 kfFrhgfn] dfq ;'g]sf x'g\ .Æ
æt/ ;f/gfysf] dxŒj / rrf{ lsg Tolt w]/} ePsf] lg <Æ
OGb| ;/n] ;f]Wg'eof] .
ætL kfFrhgf kl5 dxfg\ leIf' ag] . a'4 wd{sf] k|rf/df
ltgLx¿ cfhsf] laxf/, pQ/k|b]z, emf/v08 / pl8;fsf cg]s ufpFx¿df k'u] . ltgLx¿
hxfFhxfF k'u], :yfgLox¿af6 ltgsf] 7"nf] :jfut eof] . 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf
dflg;x¿ a'4dfuL{ ag] . xhf/f}F o'jfx¿ leIf' ag] . kl5 tL kfFr dxfaf}4x¿ af}4dfuL{
ag]sf] To; :yfgdf ljzfn dxfljxf/ aGof] . dxfljxf/ eg]sf] leIf'x¿ a;]/ bz{g /
cWofTdsf ljifodf cWoog ug{] 7fpF xf] . cfhsf ljZjljBfnoh:tf] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
))))
/3'gfy 6fFufjfnf
ætkfO{Fx¿ g]kfnsf x'g'x'G5 .Æ 6fFufjfnfn] km\of:;
eGof] .
æs;/L yfxf kfof} lg <Æ OGb| ;/n] ;f]Wg'eof] .
æd g]kfnL clncln a'em\5' . d}n] w]/} g]kfnL / e'6fgL
ofq'nfO{ cf];f/]sf] 5' .Æ p;n] eGof] .
æP .Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ . xfd|f] 6fFuf Pp6f clncln v'Nnf
7fpFdf cfof] . 9'ª\ufsf] gofF xf]rf] kvf{n agfOPsf] /x]5 .
æof] p;a]nfsf] c:ktfn xf] .Æ 6fFufjfnfn] eGof] .
clnslt cufl8 htftt} 6fFuf /f]lsPsf lyP . xfd|f] klg
/f]lsof] . 6fFufjfnfn] dlt/ kms{]/ eGof] – æ;fdfg oxLF 5f8\g'xf];\ . zª\sf nfu] d]/f] kmf]6f] lvr] x'G5 . oL=== d]/f] 6fFufdf æ/3'gfy 6fFufÆ
n]v]sf] 5 . d]/f] gfd /3'gfy 6fFufjfnf xf], ;a}n] lrG5g\ dnfO{ . d oxLF
klv{/fV5' . tkfO{Fx¿ l56f]l56f] hfg'xf];\ . ;s];Dd l56} kms{g'xf];\ . uof hfg]
clGtd a; 5'6\g'x'Fb}g .Æ
bfofFafofF ;–;fgf k;n lyP . ltgdf ko{6sx¿n] lsGg;Sg]
;fdfgx¿ a]lrGy] xf]nfg\, xfdL Totflt/ Ps}b[li6 glbO{ l6s63/lt/ bf}l8of}F,
clnslt l9nf] eOlbof] eg] ef/tsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] p8gv6f]nf r9]/ zflGt:t"k
k'Ug] /x/ ;w}Fsf nflu /x/d} ;Lldt x'g;SYof] .
l6s6 ldNof] . clg Ps}l5gdf p8gv6f]nfdf r9\g] kfnf]
klg cfOxfNof] . Ps æv6f]nfÆdf Pshgf dfq r9\g ldNg] /x]5 . xfdL ;a} PSnfPSn}
psfnf] r9\of}F . /f]6]lkªdf a:tf h:tf] nfUof] . tn hª\un / r§fg lyof] . s'g}
sf/0fjz v'§faf6 rKkn em¥of] eg] Tof] uof] . xftsf] df]afOn em¥of] eg] klg v]n
vtd . d}n] psfnf]el/ cg]s kmf]6f] / lel8of] lnO/x]F . dhfsf] cg'e"lt eof]
.
dfly ;a} e]nf eof}F . Totf klg l;F9Lsf] b'j}tkm{
ko{6s / tLyf{n'nfO{ a]Rg cg]s ;fdfg /flvPsf lyP . vfg]s'/f / kfgL klg a]Rg
/fv]sf lyP .
zflGt:t"k / j/k/ x]¥of}F . oxfF cfpFbf eujfg\
a'4;Fu ;fIffTsf/ ePh:tf] cg'e"lt x'g] . lgs}a]/ 3'dL3'dL dfa{nn] ag]sf]
To; ljzfn :t"ksf] cjnf]sg u¥of}F . ptf cf/tL / ;GWofsf] a]nf ePsfn]
a'4dfuL{x¿ klt{/sf] ;fgf] dlGb/df hDdf x'Fb} lyP . ef/t / ljZjel/sf ofq'x¿ oxfF
e]nf ePsf lyP . kmf]6f] lvRg]x¿, lvlrdfUg]x¿ / c¿ dflg;sf] hd36 lyof] . xfdLn]
u[4s"6 kj{t / cGo 8fF8fx¿sf] b[Zofjnf]sg u¥of}F .
kmf]6f] lvlr/x]sf] a]nfdf d}n] ;LtfnfO{ eg]F– æx\ofKkL
ay{8] 6' o' .Æ
æYofª\So' Yofª\So' . of] ay{8] xh'/n] ljz]if
agfOlbg'eof] . cfh t kfjfk'/L, gfnGbf / of] /fhlu/ 3'd]/ eJo eof] d]/f] o;
jif{sf] ay{8] . cfxf ÛÆ pgn] lel8of] lvRg l7Ss k/]sf] dlt/ b'j} xft prfn]/ xNnfpFb} elgg\ .
hfkfgsf] ælgKkf]Ghfg Dof]xf]hLÆ af}4 ;Dk|bfon] !(^(
df agfPsf] xf] of] Zj]t af}4 :t"k . /fhlu/ vf;u/L Ps P]ltxfl;s / wfld{s
uGtJo t x'Fb} xf], of] :yfg Oltxf;sf ;a} sfnv08df ;f+:s[lts, k|fs[lts,
ef}uf]lns tyf kof{j/0fLo ko{6gsf] klg s]Gb| /lxcfof] . oxfF eujfg\ a'4n]
æsdn–;"qÆsf] k|jrg ug'{ePsf] xf] eGg] dfGotf 5 .
clg /fhlu/sf] o; ;'Gb/ / kljq :yfg ag]sf]
:t"k;Fu labf dfu]/ cf]n{g] a]nf eOxfNof] . km]l/ nfOgdf a;]/ p8gv6f]nfdf
r9\of}F . o;kN6 cf]n{g'kbf{ cl3sf] eGbf cTof; nfUbf] /x]5 . p8gv6f]nfaf6 cf]n{g]
a]nfdf sdnf Dofd emGg} n8\g'eof] .
æxQ]l/sf Û d]/f] t ;ft}
uof] lg ÛÆ pxfFn] :ofF:ofF
ub{} eGg'eof] .
æd klg emGg} n8]F lg ÛÆ ;Ltfn] cfkm\gf] s'tf{ / ;'?jfn 6S6SofP/ ldnfpFb} xfF;]/ elgg\ .
of] p8gv6f]nf ef/tsf] klxnf] xf] t/ slt ;fndf ag]sf]
xf] d}n] yfxf kfpg ;lsgF, ToxfFsf] af/]df lbOPsf hfgsf/Lx¿df d}n] a]n}df Wofg
lbg'kg{] /x]5 lbOgF . h] eP klg ef/tdf lah'nL cfpg'eGbf cl3sf] xf] of] ;+/rgf .
p;a]nf 3f]8fx¿åf/f ljzfn kfª\u|f] 3'dfP/ To;sf] andf /Hh'dfu{ rnfOGYof] .
cfhsf] h'g ;+/rgf 5, of] rflxF @)!^ df ag]sf] xf] . k'/fgf] p8gv6f]nf ;fgf] /
yf]/}j6f v6f]nf ePsf] lyof] xf]nf tf ls 3f]8fsf] ann] To;nfO{ rnfpg ;lsof];\ .
p;a]nf ofq'sf] ;ª\Vof sd} x'g] ePsfn] ;Dej lyof] xf]nf .
3f]8fåf/f 3'dfOg] Tof] ljzfn kfª\u|f] cfh stf 5, cyjf
;'/lIft u/L /flvPs} kf] 5}g ls, d}n] ;f]wLvf]hL ug{ kfOgF . xtf/sf] x8a8n] of] cjnf]sg
/ ofqf ck"/f] clg ckof{Kt g} /x\of] .
tn 6fFufjfnf xfdLnfO{ klv{/x]sf] lyof] . xfdL
k'Ugf;fy p;n] 3f]8f s'bfOxfNof] . ca af6f] cf]/fnf] lyof] / 3f]8f ;lhn} 6fFuf
tflg/x]sf] lyof] .
æslt jif{ eof] 6fFuf s'bfPsf] <Æ d}n] /3'gfy
6fFufjfnfnfO{ ;f]w]F .
æeof] lg aL; jif{ .Æ
æclg of] 3f]8frflxF slt jif{sf] eof] <Æ
æeof] xf]nf lg 5–;ftjif{hltsf] . d}n] lsg]sf] tLg
jif{ eof] . ;f]x| xhf/df lsg]sf] . ca ;ft–cf7 jif{ o;n] sfd lbg;S5 .Æ p;n]
eGof] . o; af6fdf c6f]l/S;f, a]6/Ljfnf l/S;f jf 6ØfS;LnfO{ cg'dlt /x]g5,
6fFufjfnfx¿sf] dgf]dfgL / Ps5q zf;g /x]5 .
xfdL l56} tKts'08df cfOk'Uof}F . psfnf] l;F9L pSng
;LtfnfO{ sl7g kg{] x'gfn] emf]nfem\ofD6f ?Fu]/ pgL tn} al;g\ . xfdL tLghgf l;F9Lsf]
af6f] pSnFb} uP/ tftf]kfgL / j/k/sf dlGb/x¿sf] bz{g u¥of}F . tftf]kfgLdf rflxF
xfdLn] xftuf]8f w'g] / cg'xf/df To; kfgLn] 5Dsg]–k'5\g] dfq sfd u¥of}F . xtf/
lyof], ptf a; 5'l6xfNof] eg] csf{] cfkt\ .
xfdL bf}8]/ a;kfs{df k'Uof}F . uof hfg] a; cfOxfNof]
.
))))
8fS6/
l;4fy{ a'wf]lnof
æolta]nf sxfF
cfOk'Ug'ef] <Æ dWok|b]z nlntk'/sf ldq k|df]b uf]:jfdLsf] kmf]g cfof] .
ædflgsk'/ hª\S;g
.Æ d}n] eg]F . xfdL lxhf] a]n'sf P3f/ ah]sf] 6«]g uofaf6 ;dft]/ laxfg otf
cfOk'u]sf lyof}F .
æP ca t Ps}l5gdf lrqs"6
k'luxfNg'x'g] /x]5 . d}n] pxfFnfO{ ;a} eg]sf] 5' . tkfO{Fsf] :jfutsf nflu d
cfkm}F slt Jou| lyPF, s] ug{], cfh} To:tf] kl/xfNof] === .Æ
æxh'/ . lrGtf gdfGg'xf]nf,
kl/l:ylt ;w}F cfkm"n] rfx]h:tf] eOlbFb}g . 8fS6/;fx]a;Fu ;a} s'/f eO;s]sf]
5 . xfdL lrqs"6 sjL{ :6];gdf rDan PS;k|]; !@!&% uf8Laf6 cfpFb} 5f}F
elg;s]sf 5f}F . 5f]/f cfkm}F cfpg] /] xfdLnfO{ e]6\g .Æ
ælrqs"6df
oxfFnfO{ k'gMk'gM xflb{s :jfut 5 . dWok|b]z e|d0f ;'vb /xf];\, ;kmn agf];\ . d
lg/Gt/ ;Dks{ ul//xg] g} 5' . cfh cbfntdf tfl/v hfg' gk/]sf] eP e]6 x'g] lyof] .
slt dhf x'g] lyof] .Æ olt eg]/ pxfFn] kmf]g /fVg'eof] .
7Ls o;}a]nf csf{]
kmf]g cfof]– ægd:sf/ xh'/ . d 8fS6/ lji0f'bQ a'wf]lnofsf] h]7f] 5f]/f], 8fS6/
l;4fy{ a'wf]lnof . xh'/x¿ sxfF cfOk'Ug'eof] lg <Æ
ægd:sf/
afa", xfdL ev{/} dflgsk'/af6 lxF8\of}F . ca w]/}a]/ gnfUnf .Æ d}n] hafkm
kmsf{PF .
æd tkfO{Fx¿
cfOk'Ug] a]nfdf :6];gdf cfOk'Ug]5' . xh'/x¿ s'g l8Aafdf x'g'x'G5 lg <Æ
æxfdL P; % df
5f}F . d}n] gLnf] ;6{ / sfnf] 6f]kL nufPsf] 5' . rf/hgf 5f}F, b'O{ k'?if, b'O{
dlxnf . xfdL :6];g cfOk'Ugf;fy kl5Nnf] 9f]sfaf6 cf]ln{OxfN5f}F .Æ slxNo}
ge]6]sf] / glrg]sf] dflg;nfO{ d}n] 7Ls;Fu x'lnof / cjl:ylt gatfP e]6 x'g sl7g
kg{;SYof] .
æx;\ . d
xh'/x¿nfO{ ToxLF e]6\g]5' . afO{ .Æ
æx;\ . afO{ .Æ
dflgsk'/b]lv
cufl8sf] af6f] a8f] ;'Gb/ 5 . dnfO{ nfdf] 6«]g 3'd]/ uPsf] b[Zo v'a dg k5{ .
otf kxf8L af6f] ePsfn] 6]«g 3'ld/xG5 . kxf8L hldg klg s] eGg', clncln
psfnf]–psfnf] kb{} hldg clUnG5 clg km]l/ cf]/fnf]–cf]/fnf] kb{} xf]lrG5 .
xf]rf] efu klg sd 5 / cUnf] v08 klg sd 5 . st} hª\un t st}st} v]tLkftL . xf]rf]
efudf a:tL / v]tLkftL 5 clg cf]/flnFbf] efu / prfOdf hª\un 5 . h;/L o; 7fpFnfO{
kxf8 jf d}bfg eGg ;lhnf] 5}g, To;} u/L o; cfwf gfª\uf] 7fpFnfO{ hª\un eGg
;lhnf] 5}g . xfdL o; v08df ;a}eGbf a9L jiff{ x'g] ;do kf/]/ cfPsf 5f}F t/
o;a]nf klg kfvf eGg klg g;'xfpg] clncln 9n]sf kfvfx¿ w]/} gfª\uf . ¿v klg ¿v eGg
gldNg] u/L ;fgf, Psbd kftnf] u/L 7l8Psf kf]y|fkf]y|L / e'OF nueu gfª\uf] .
kmfu'gr}tdf cfpg] xf] eg] t of] d?e"ld g} b]lvFbf] xf] .
s]xLa]/df 6«]g
lgs} cUnf] hldgdf cfOk'Uof], a:tL / v]tLkftL ul/g] 7fpF lgs} tntn kb{} uP .
cyf{t\ xfdL kxf8df 5f}F . oxfF cfOk'u]kl5 eg] kxf8 xf] eg]/ :ki6 :jLsf/ ug{
;lsg] /x]5 . hª\un klg cln afSnf] . t/ Ps}l5gdf 6«]g t kxf8sf] km]b}km]b lrKng
yflnxfNof] . kxf8x¿ clns k/ k'Uy] clg clns j/ cfpFy] clg km]l/ k/ efluxfNy] .
nueu gfª\uf rp/df st}st} ufO{a:t' rl//x]sf b]lvP . xf]rf] d}bfgL efudf ¿vx¿
clns cUnf / sfdnfUg] vfnsf b]lvP . kxf8 elgPsf 7fpFsf ¿vaf6 t s';L{ agfpg] sf7
klg lg:s]nf h:tf] b]lvPsf] lyPg .
dxfavf{sf] ;dodf
klg æhª\unÆ nueu gfª\uf], stfslt b]lvg] vf]N;fx¿ ;'Svf . clg tnfp / afFw y'g]/
agfPsf kf]v/Ldf kfgL lkFwdf dfq . t/ Pp6f ljz]iftf oxfFsf], kxf8 eGg gldNg] tL
xf]rf l9:sf 9'ª\u}9'ª\ufn] ag]sf 5g\ . d}bfgh:tf] 7fpFdf klg 7"nf7"nf
9'ª\uf 5g\ . 9'ª\uf ePsfn] kxf8 nfUg] /x]5 xfdLnfO{ of] 7fpF . t/ htftt} xfd|f
kxf8sf gfuLh:tf] gfª\uf], v'nf / a]sfdsf] nueu ;dy/ hldg .
Pp6f blIf0f
ef/tLo ko{6sn] Onfxfafbaf6 sf/df lrqs"6sf] ofqf u/]sf] ljj/0f d}n] k9]sf]
lyPF . af6fdf 3g3f]/ hª\un 5 / /ftsf] cGwsf/df Ps 7fpFdf cfkm\gf] sf/ lau|]/
;ftf]k'Tnf] uPsf] lyof] eg]/ n]v]sf] lyof] . d Tof] æ3g3f]/ hª\unÆ ca cfpnf, ca
cfpnf eGb} klv{/x]sf] lyPF, lrqs"6 wfd /]nj] :6];g kf] 5]pd} cfO;s]sf]
/x]5 . 6«]gsf] ult wLdf ePkl5 xfdLn] kf]sfk'Gt'/f ;DxfNg yflnxfNof}F .
xfdL pqg] a]nfdf
8fS6/ l;4fy{sf] kmf]g cfof] . 6«]g cl8Fbf xfd|f] cufl8 df]6fdf]6f Hofgsf nueu
kRrL;–tL;sf ;'Gb/ hjfg 8fS6/ l;4fy{ d';'Ss d':sfO/x]sf . xfdL cf]n{g nfUbf pgn]
xfd|f emf]nf ;dft] .
d}n] d]/f ldq
k|df]b uf]:jfdLnfO{ pkxf/:j¿k Pp6f g]kfnL 9fsf 6f]kL k7fpg rfx]sf] lyPF . Tof]
6f]kL l;4fy{nfO{ xftdf lbPF .
pgn] d';'Ss
d':sfpFb} eg]– æd]/f] efO o;} 6«]gdf ptf nlntk'/ hfFb} 5 . d of] kf;{n p;nfO{
lhDdf nufpg]]5' / bf}8]/ xh'/x¿sxfF cfOxfNg]5' .Æ
olt eg]/ pgL
bf}l8Oxfn] . Ps}l5gdf 6«]g lxFl8xfNof] . t/ pgn] Tof] 6f]kL efOsf] xftdf ydfpg
;kmn eP5g\ . clg pgL xfdL eP7fpF cfP .
xfd|f aLr s]xLa]/
yk lrgfhfgL / cGo ljifodf s'/fsfgL eP . d}n] pgnfO{ xfd|f] ofqfsf] p2]Zo, :j¿k,
;do;f/0fL / tl/sfaf/] eg]F . pgLx¿sf] sfd–wfd / kfl/jfl/s ljifodf klg clncln
ukm x'g kfof] . l;4fy{ cfwf eGbf a9L cª\u|]hLdf af]Ny] . o;f] ubf{ dnfO{ klg
h'g efiffdf ;lhnf] kYof]{ ;f]xL efiffdf af]Ng ;xh eof] . pgn] oxfFaf6 s;/L
lrqs"6 wfd hfg] xf], sxfF a:g] xf] / s]s] x]g{] xf] ;a} of]hgf agfPsf
/x]5g\ . pgn] xfd|f s]xL emf]nf em'G8\ofpFb} xfdLnfO{ Kn]6kmfd{sf] eL8 l5rf]n]/
/]nj] :6];gaflx/ nu] . clg Pp6f 6ØfS;Ll;t df]ndf]nfO u/]/ lrqs"6wfdsf]
xf]6]n cGgk"0f{df nUg eg] .
æxf]6]n cGgk"0f{
xfd|f lktfhLsf ;xkf7L ldqsf] xf]6n xf] . tkfO{Fx¿nfO{ ToxfF a:g ;xh x'G5 .
ToxfFaf6 ;a}lt/ 3'Dg glhs klg k5{ . tkfO{Fx¿ k'Ug'cufj} d pxfF;Fu s'/f ul/–/fv"Fnf
. lbpF;f] 3fddf glg:sg'xf]nf . tTsfn s]xL c;/ gb]lvP klg kl5 6fpsf] b'Vg] /
Hj/f] cfpg] x'g;S5 . kfgL k|z:t lkpg'xf]nf . d cfh} dfq 3/ cfPsf] . 5f]/f] hGd]sf]
5 ev{/} .Æ pgn] cª\u|]hLdf eg] .
æcf]xf] Û nf} w]/} awfO{ 5 ÛÆ d}n] eg]F . pgL
wGojfb eg]/ cfkm\gf] df]6/;fOsn /fv]sf] 7fpFlt/ nfu] . pgn] ;ts{ u/fP– æoxfFsf 6ØfS;Ljfnf
/ xf]6njfnfn] gofF ofq' eg]kl5 lgb{oL tl/sfn] r':g' r':5g\, n'6\g' n'6\5g\ .
logLx¿s} sf/0f ko{6sn] ef/t cfpFbf hlxNo} 7lug' / n'l6g'k/]sf] dx;'; u5{g\ .
ef/tnfO{ 7u / n'6]/fsf] b]z eg]/ logLx¿n] abgfd u/fPsf 5g\ . xf]l;of/ /xg'xf]nf
. ;Stf] df]ndf]nfO ug'{xf]nf .
6ØfS;Ln] xfdLnfO{
lrqs"6 wfdsf] xf]6n cGgk"0f{df k'¥ofOxfNof] . cf7–b; lsnf]ld6/ dfq
/x]5 saL{af6 lrqs"6 ;x/ .
xfd|f nflu
sf]7fsf] aGbf]a:t eof] . km/flsnf], cf/fdbfoL, l6eL, b/fhx¿, afy?d, k|zf]lwt
kfgL / s'n/ hf]8]sf] sf]7f /x]5 . sd{rf/L klg ;xof]uL . ;of}F ofq' wGg ;Sg] of]
nh rf/tn] eP klg em§ x]bf{ vf;} 7"nf] b]lvFb}g t/ k5fl8 7"nf7"nf
zogsIf / ;efsIfx¿;d]t /x]5g\ . kfFr;ft ;o dflg; ;'Tg ;Sg] lgs}j6f
7"nf7"nf 8ld6«L klg /x]5g\ .
sf]7fsf] aGbf]a:t
ePkl5 d}n] 8fS6/ l;4fy{ / ldq k|df]b uf]:jfdLnfO{ kmf]g u/]F . pxfFx¿sf] d2tn]
cfkm" ;'ljwfhgs 7fpFdf a:g kfPsfdf ;Gt'li6 / wGojfb k|s6 ug{ . ;f9] b'O{
ah];Dd xf]6nsf] sf]7fd} /x\of}F . aflx/sf] tfkqmd clns 36]kl5 3f6x¿sf] b[Zo
x]g{ lg:Sof}F .
))))
/fd3f6sf] ;fFem
3f6 k'Ug'cl3
af6fel/ wfld{s k':ts, zª\v306 cflb cg]s
k"hf;fdu|L, dlGb/df r9fOg] j:t'x¿ cflbsf k;nx¿ n:s/} b]lvP . k;n}k;nsf]
n:s/af6 ptf k'Ubf kljq /fd3f6 b]lvof] . 3fd w]/} ;]nfO{g;s]sf x'gfn] dflg;x¿
Psbd sd b]lvP . 3f6df n:s/} ;of}F 8'ª\ufx¿ u|fxssf] k|tLIffdf lyP . ;fob laxfg
a]n'sf oL 8'ª\ufn] k|z:t sfd kfpF5g\ .
æzª\v lsGg'kg{] 5 .Æ sdnf Dofdn] eGg'eof] .
æoxfF klg zª\v t ;xL d"Nod} kfOPnf t/ xfd|f] ofqf ev{/} ;'? ePsf] 5, oxfF ;fdfg
lslgof] eg] Tof] af]sLaf]sL cfwf ;+;f/ kmGsf] dfg'{kg{] x'G5 . To;f] ePsfn]
xfdLn] ljhojf8f, ljzfvfk6gd\ jf sf]nsftfdf lsGg' 7Ls x'G5 .Æ d}n] eg]F .
sdnf Dofdn]
;Demgfsf nflu s]xL r'/f lsGg'eof], ;Ltfn] sfgdf nufpg] 6k cflb lslgg\ .
/fd3f6df /ftf]
df6f]h:tf] /ªn] /FufOPsf 5g\ w]/} dlGb/ . e/t dlGb/, dTouo]Gb|gfy, /fd dlGb/,
xg'dfg dlGb/, r/vf/L dlGb/, hfgsL dlGb/sf] bz{g u¥of}F . s]xL dlGb/ eg] ;]tf]
/ªdf klg /x]5g\ . /fd dlGb/ cyf{t\ k0f{s'6L o; :yfgsf] ;a}eGbf d'Vo dlGb/ xf] .
dlGb/ /x]sf] l9:sf] lgs} cUnf] 5 . xfdL dlGb/df hfFbf tLyf{n'x¿ w]/} lyPgg\ .
cfFugdf e08f/f rln/x]sf] lyof] . k'hf/Ln] xfdLnfO{ k0f{s'6Lsf] af/]df /fd|/L
atfP .
eujfg\ /fd / ;Ltf
o;} :yfgdf ;fgf] k0f{s'6L agfP/ P3f/ jif{ 5 dlxgf c7f/ lbg a:g'ePsf] /x]5 .
dlGb/leq >L/fd–;Ltfsf] d"lt{nfO{ k0f{s'6Ls} :j¿ksf] 5fgfd'lg /flvPsf]
/x]5 . xfdL bz{g u/]/ aflx/ lg:Sof}F .
ToxfFsf afFb/
w]/} abdf; x'Fbf /x]5g\ . ;Ltf / d]/f h'QfrKkn t hxfFsf] ToxLF /x]5g\ t/ OGb|
;/sf] Pp6f rKkn t ufoa Û Pp6f Psflt/ /
csf{] rKkn cs{}lt/ kmflnlbP5 afFb/n] . clg sdnf Dofdsf] Pp6f rKkn e]l6Fb}
e]l6Pg . tnsf] csf{] dlGb/sf] 5fgfdf Pp6L afFbgL{ Tof] rKkn b'j} xftn] kqm]/
6f]St} / rkfpFb} kf] /lx5 . To; afFbgL{nfO{ xsfg'{k¥of] eg]/ clns pFrf] :j/df
s/fPsf] t Ps x"n afFb/ cfP/ emGg} latfP dnfO{ Û
s]xLa]/df Tof]
rKkn To;} 5f8]/ afFbgL{ lxF8L . o; ofqfsf nflu 5f]/fn] lslglbPsf] gofF rKkn .
s] ug'{, afFbgL{n] 6f]St} y'St} u/]/ rKkn t Ps}l5gdf la¿k agfOlbO{ . clg Tof]
kmfn]/ Psflt/ nfuL . b'Mvd\;'vd\ ltg} rKkn nufP/ lxF8\g'eof] To; ;fFem pxfF . eGg]lalQs}
sxfF kfpg' rKknsf] k;n .
clg xfdL lg:sg]
af6f] eP/ dlGb/af6 tn 3f6df cf]Nof{}F . kljq gbL dGbflsgL zfGt / ;'Gb/ 5 .
gbLdf 8'ª\uf r9]/ xfdL gbLsf] jf/kf/ u¥of}F . gbLdf kfgL Psbd} sd aU5 t/
ulx/fOsf sf/0f hnofqf ug{ /dfOnf] g} nfUg] .
clg ;fFemsf]
cf/tL x]g'{ lyof] . ;Ltf / d}n] xl/åf/ / agf/;sf] c:;L 3f6sf] cf/tL x]/]sf 5f}F
. oxfFsf] uª\uf cf/tL klg p:t} g} xf] . cf/tL vr{ Aoxf]g{] eSthgsf] oxfF
7"nf] ;Ddfg ul/Fbf] /x]5 . pSt lbgsf] cf/tL vr{ lbg] eSthgsf] hf]8LnfO{
a8f] ;Ddfgsf ;fy ljz]if cf;gdf /flvPsf] lyof] . ;fFemdf cg]s ehgd08nL cfO{
emfFsL k|bz{g ubf{ /x]5g\ . Tof] klg x]¥of}F . ;fFemsf] cf/tL / lemlnldnL
la;L{g;Sg' x'g] /x]5 .
;GWof cf/tLsf]
/demddf k|]dk"j{s ;xefuL ePkl5 xfdL 8]/ftkm{ nfUof}F . ;8s–lsgf/sf] Pp6f
;fgf] xf]6ndf ;fFemsf] vfgf ;'Svf /f]6L vfof}F . xfdL 8]/fdf kmSof{}F . o;/L
xfd|f] ofqfsf] rf}yf] lbg of]hgfadf]lhd ;kmntfk"j{s ;dfKt eof] .
/ftsf] b; ah]lt/
3/af6 5f]/L cg'hfn] kmf]g u/L . ptf sf7df8f}Faf6 cg'kn] klg ;Dks{ u/] .
e/tk'/af6 ;fnL OlGb/fsf] klg kmf]g cfof] . cfhsf] ofqfljj/0f ;'gfpg kfpFbf xfdL
9'Ss eof}F .
))))
e/t–ldnfk
lrqs"6sf] sfdblul/sf] km]bdf cjl:yt sfdtfgfysf] dlGb/df laxfg
;f9] kfFr ah] k'luxfNof}F . dlGb/df >L/fd–;Ltfsf] bz{g ubf{ d}n] lgDg Znf]s
kf7 u/]F–
æ/fdf] /fhdl0fM ;bf ljhot] /fd+ /d]z+ eh] .
/fd]0fflextf lgzfr/r/d\ /fdfo t:d} gdM . .
/fdfGgfl:t k/fo0f+ k/t/+ /fd:o bf;f]˜:Dox+ .
/fd] lrQnoM ;bf ejt' d] ef] /fd dfd'4/ ..Æ
eujfg\ >L/fdrGb|sf] gfd oxfF sfdtfgfy xf] /] . sfdtfgfysf] bz{g
u/]kl5 kl/qmdf ug{] rng /x]5 . sfdblul/kj{tsf] jl/kl/ km]b}km]b gfª\u} v'§f
kl/qmdf ug{] rng 5 . k"/f 3]/fsf] nDafO ;f9] kfFr lsnf]ld6/ 5 . af6f]
/fd|f] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ dfu{df dfa{n la5\ofOPsf] 5 .
k|blIf0ffdfu{df htftt} /fdrl/tdfg;sf] kf7 dL7f] nodf ufOFb} 5 . st}
/]s8{ ahfOFb} 5 . af6fel/ /fdehg / jfNdLls/fdfo0fsf Znf]s klg ;'Gg kfOg]5 . uf]jw{g
kj{tjl/kl/sf] k|blIf0ff dfu{df ePem}F oxfF klg cg]s b]jLb]jtfsf k|frLg
d"lt{ / dlGb/x¿ 5g\ . uf]jw{gkj{tsf] dfu{ w'nf] / kmf]x/ 5 eg] of] dfu{ lgs}
;kmf 5 . e'OFdf dfa{n x'gfn] eSthgnfO{ w]/} ;'ljwf 5 . To;dfly 7fpF7fpFdf
5fgfsf] Joj:yf u/]/ 3fdkfgLaf6 ;'/Iffsf] k|aGw ldnfOPsf] /x]5 . w]/} 7fpFdf
5fgfdf kª\vf;d]t hf]l8Psf 5g\ . af6fel/ kfgLsf
af]tn, k|;fb, sf];]nL, kmnkm"n / vfg]s'/fsf k;n 5g\ . htftt} afFb/ 5g\ /
afFb/nfO{ vfg lbgsf nflu s]/f / cGo kmnkm"n, rgf / u]8fu'8L klg htftt} lsGg
kfOg] /x]5 . uf]jw{g kj{tjl/kl/ To:tf] s]xL k|aGw lyPg .
hgs–e/t ldnfk dlGb/ To; k|blIf0ff dfu{df kg{] Pp6f 7"nf] / eJo
dlGb/ /x]5 . To; dlGb/sf] bz{gkl5 xfdL cl3 al9xfNof}F . s'g} dlGb/df Ps–8]9 ;o
jif{b]lv nuftf/ t'n;Lbf;s[t /fdrl/tdfg; cv08kf7 x'Fb} 5 eg] s'g} dlGb/df cWofTd/fdfo0f
kf7 eO/x]sf] 5 . jftfj/0f cfWoflTds / ;ª\uLtdo 5 . laxfgsf] df};d zLtn 5 /
;of}F eSthgx¿ kl/qmdf ul//x]sf 5g\ . sf]xL b08jtL 5g\ . b08jtLx¿ b08jt\ k|0ffd
ub{} cl3 a9\5g\ . pgLx¿sf nflu k|blIf0ff dfu{df cnUu} v08 5'§ØfOPsf] 5 . ;8sdf
k}bnofq'nfO{ k}bndfu{ 5'§ØfPem}F .
clnslt cufl8 a9]kl5 e/t–ldnfk :yn cfpF5 . Tof] dlGb/ kl/;/ klg ljzfn 5
. cof]Wofaf6 oxfF cfO{ e/tn] >L/fdsf] bz{g u/]sf lyP /] . o; k|;ª\u;Fu
hf]l8Psf cg]s :yfg /x]5g\ oxfF . /fdrl/tdfg;sf] ;ª\uLtdo kf7sf /]s8{ dw'/ nodf
ah]/ htftt} jftfj/0f pNnf;do, uDeL/ / ;'Gb/ agfOPsf] /x]5 . k08fx¿n] oxfFsf
k|To]s dlGb/ / k"hf:ynx¿df 9f]Ug / ?lkofFk};f r9fpg eGbf /x]5g\ .
dlGb/x¿df k08fsf] k};f c;'Ng] sfObf b]Vtf dnfO{ ;fx|} 3[0ff nfU5 .
;gftg j}lbs wd{nfO{ logn] zf]if0fsf] dfWod agfPsf 5g\ . k08fx¿sf sf/0f
dflg;nfO{ wd{:yndf cfOk'Ubf dfgl;s zflGt, ;'v / ;'/Iffsf] cg'e"lt x'g'sf]
;f6f] qf;, cftª\s, eo / tgfj x'G5 . d hlt o:tf 7fpFdf
k'U5' plt gfl:tstfefj dha't aGb} hfG5 . logsf] kfkL / :jfyL{ rl/q b]vLb]vL klg
dflg; s;/L logs} kfpdf kg{ ;s]sf x'g\ d s'/} a'em\lbgF . dfG5]sf] cf:yfsf]
zf]if0f u/]/ afFr]sf oL ck/fwL h'sfx¿s} sf/0f ef/tjif{df ;gftg lxGb"
wd{dfly hlxNo} ;ª\s6 cfO/x] . logs}
sf/0f ef/tjif{df af}4 / h}g cflb cg]s dt hGd], cg]s ;Dk|bfo k|fb'ef{j eP, clg
d';ndfgn] cfP/ Ps5q /fh u/] . logs} sf/0fn] lqml:rogx¿n] ef/tjif{df ;of}F jif{
bfOF u/] .
t/ Tolt 6f9faf6 cfPsf xfdLn] k08fx¿dfly 3[0ff kfn]/ dfq x'Fb}gYof] .
xfdLn] /dfpg] k|oTg yflnxfNof}F . kmf]6f] / lel8of] lvRg' kl/xfNof] .
sdnf Dofd kmf]6f] / lel8of] lvRgdf Jo:t x'g'x'GYof] . OGb| ;/, ;Ltf /
d}n]rflxF efg'eSt /fdfo0f >Lcof]Wofsf08sf] e/t ldnfk k|;ª\u ufof}F–
txfF ;Ltf–/fd\sf r/0f tndf lz/\ klg w/L .
cof]Wo} n}hfG5" elg sg 7'nf] dG;'a u/L . .
e/t\ laGtL u5{g\ lsg /3'kt] Û cfh jgdf .
xh'/\n] cfofsf] d sg clt tfk\ x'G5 dgdf . . -($_
Vjfldt\ xh'/\sf] d t bf; kf] x"F .
of] /fHo ugf{ sg of]Uo sf] x"F < ..
of] uflb tf oflx+ xh"/sf] xf] .
d}n] t ;]jf ul/ a:g' kf] xf] .. -(%_
5f]/f x'gg\ o1 ax't\ u/Lgg\ .
;Dk"0f{ nf]s\sf] klg tfk\ x/Lgg\ ..
ta\ kf] lt 5f]/f l;t /fHo 5f8L .
hfg" c;n\ xf] t 5Fb} 5 emf8L .. -(^_
a]nf t of] xf]Og hfg jg\df .
d]/f t o} lgZro x'G5 dg\df ..
hfpmF 3/} kmls{ ;wfO hfj;\ .
d]/L lo dftf l;t l/;\ g cfj;\ ..-(&_
o:tf k|sf/\n] clt lalGt ub{} .
cfFvf e/L cfF;' ax"t wb{} ..
/f]of e/t\n] ha kfpdf u} .
af]Nof k|e"n] klg v"l; dg\ e} .. -(*_
x] efO Û u5f{} lsg cfh
lh2L .
lkmg"{ c;n\ xf]Og sfd\ g l;4L ..
hfG5" d ag\df ltld kmls{ hfpm .
o;\ /fHosf] sfd\ ltldn] rnfpm .. -((_
/fd\n] jg} u} d'lg e]if wg"{ .
ofxL+ e/t\n] al; /fHo ug"{ ..
eGGof lktfsf] ha ;'Gg kfofF .
cf1f p;}n] jg hfg cfofF .. -!))_
OGb| ;/sf] :j/ g} dL7f] . xfdLn] w]/}a]/ o; k|;ª\usf Znf]sx¿ ufof}F .
of] :yfgsf] ;/;kmfO / ;'Gb/tf nf]enfUbf] 5 . cg]s dlGb/df e/t ldnfk k|;ª\u
emNsfpg] d"lt{ 5g\ . /fdn] Ps hf]8f v/fp lbPsf] emNsfpg] d"lt{x¿
;a}eGbf cfsif{s nfU5g\ . eujfg\ >L/fd / e/tsf gLnf] /ªsf dflg; ;fOhsf
d"lt{x¿ 5g\ hxfF >L/fd cUnf] cf;gdf a:g'ePsf] / e/t pxfFsf cufl8 e'OFdf
3'F8f 6]s]/ v/fp xftdf k|fKt ub{} u/]sf] b]vfOPsf] 5 . ;Ltfn] o; dlGb/cufl8
w]/} kf]h kmf]6f] lvlrdflug\ .
efg'eStLo /fdfo0fdf e/tn] >L/fd / u'? jl;i7af6 >L/fd;Ltfsf]
jgjf;sf sf/0f, p2]Zo / dxŒjsf ljifodf u'x\o s'/f] a'em]kl5 lh2L ug{ 5f8]sf] /
3/ lkmg{ tof/ ePsf] k|;ª\u 5–
x] gfy\ Û tŒj ;'GofF d lkm5'{
ca tf hfG5" cof]Wof dxfF .
k"hf ug{
lbg" xj;\ xh'/sf Ps\ hf]/\ v/fpm oxfF ..
o:tf] lalGt u/L
k|0ffd\ jl/k/L 3'Db} k|blIf0f\ u¥of .
/fd\n] cfkm\g' v/fp bL plx avt\ ;a\ tfk\ e/t\sf x¥of ..
e/tsf ;fydf dftf s}s]oL klg cfPsL 5g\ . pgnfO{ cfkm"n] af]n]sf]
s'/fn] 3f]/ kZrfQfk x'G5 . o; 36gfsf sf/0f Oltxf;n] olt qm"/ ckdfg u5{ eGg]
yfxf ePsL eP pgn] /fdnfO{ jgjf; dfUg] lyOgg\ xf]nf klt bz/yaf6 . h] eP klg
s}s]oLsf] s'kfqtfnfO{ e/t–ldnfkn] s]xL 36fpg d2t u/]sf] 5–
x] gfy\ Û b'a'{l4 cfO{ clt kmlhlt lbofF /fHosf] 3ft\ u/fO{ .
dfofn] df]x kfbf{
dg klg e'ln u} d]l/ a'l4 x/fO{ ..
Sof¿F gfy\ Û cfh ?G5" ljklt kl/ uof] cfh of] r]t kfofF .
s7\k't\nL em}F grfpFl5g\
lqe'jgklt Û ;a\ wGo 5g\
ltld| dfof ..-!!%_
d]/f] dfof 5
5f]/f hg wgx¿df oL ;a} v}+lr b]pm .
b'a'{4L xf] k5L
tf z/0f kl/ egL v'k\ s[kf /flv n]pm ..
s}s]oL o]lx
kf7\n] :t'lt ul/ xl/sf kfpdf zL/ wfl/g\ .
x] gfy\ Û cfO{ z/0f\df kl/
elg s?0ff /fv of] lalGt kfl/g\ .. -!!^_
xfdLn] /fdfo0fsf cg]s Znf]s kf7 u¥of}F / dg ubub eof] . oxfFsf]
cfWoflTds /demddf /dfP/ a:g xfdLnfO{ ;don] cg'dlt lbFb}gYof] . xfdL dlGb/af6
lg:Sof}F / k'gM kl/qmdfsf] lg/Gt/tfsf nflu cl3 a9\of}F . clnslt cl3 a9]kl5
kl/qmdf dfu{af6 b]a|]tkm{ hfg] csf{] af6f] 5 – nId0f kxf8Lsf nflu . dflg;x¿sf]
n:s/ otf nfUof] . xfdL klg n:s/sf] kl5kl5 nfUof}F .
))))
nId0f
kxf8Ldf 3/
nId0f kxf8L r9\gsf nflu 6fOn la5\ofOPsf l;F9L 5g\ . d}n] ;LtfnfO{
eg]F– æltdL gr9 . 3'F8f b'Vg] ;d:of a9\5 . x]/ t, slt cUnf] 5 l9:sf] <Æ
tkfO{Fx¿ hfgf];\ . d la:tf/} cfpF5' . hxfF;Dd ;S5', r9\5' .Æ pgn]
elgg\ .
xfdL cl3 al9xfNof}F . d]/f] dg;fo pgL xfdL km6fkm6 lxF8]sf] b]v]kl5
r'krfk km]bsf] kmn}Frfdf a:g]l5g\ eGg] lyof] t/ pgL t la:tf/} l;F9L r9\b}
/lx5g\ . ca xfdLnfO{ c;lhnf] eof] . kv{Fb} kv{Fb} xfdL klg la:tf/} cl3 a9\of}F
.
af6fdf bfofFkl§ clnslt klt{/ Pp6f dlGb/ /x]5 . ;fOgaf]8{df k9]F– æ;Ltf
/;f]O{ .Æ
æ;Ltf /;f]O{ oxfF xf] / <Æ d}n] cfZro{ kf]v]F . ;Ltf /;f]O{ nId0f
kxf8Ldf geP/ xg'dfgwf/flt/ 5 eGg] k9]sf] lyPF d}n] .
s]xL ofq'x¿ dflyaf6 km6fkm6 cf]ln{/x]sf lyP . ltgdWo] Pshgfn] d]/f] k|Zg
;'g]5 . p;n] eGof]– æo] ;a 9sf];nf x} .Æ dtna oL ;a gSsnL x'g\ . p;n] c;nL ;Ltf
/;f]O{ xg'dfgwf/fdflysf] dfq xf] eGof] . k08fx¿n] k};f y'Tgsf nflu hxfF klg
gofF hfn yflk/x]sf x'G5g\ .
dnfO{ k/f/;fn huGgfyk'/L hfFbfsf] k|;ª\u ofb cfof] . huGgfyk'/Ldf eujfg\
huGgfysf] bz{g ul/;s]kl5 k08fn] csf{] Pp6f ;fgf] dlGb/df nUof] . ToxfF csf{] 7u
al;/x]sf] /x]5 . p;n] xfdLnfO{ dlGb/leqsf] e'OFdf agfOPsf rf/ s'gfdf /fv]sf
dlGb/sf gd'gfnfO{ b]vfpFb} ærf/} wfdsf] bz{gÆ u/fof] . p;n] eGof]– oxfF rf/}
wfdsf] k|lt:yfkgf ul/Psf] 5 . oL wfddf k"hf u/]kl5 rf/} wfd bz{gsf] kmn
ldN5 . cGoq st} hfg} kb{}g . dflg;x¿ cg]s b'Mvsi6 em]n]/ / nfvf}F ?lkofF vr{
u/]/ rf/wfdsf] ofqf u5{g\ . oxfF k"hf u/]df rf/} wfdsf] kmn ldN5 eGg]
ltgLx¿nfO{ yfx} 5}g . pm dnfO{ x/]s æwfdÆdf b'O{–b'O{ ;o ?lkofF /fVg eGb} lyof]
.
k};f n'6\g] sfObf lgsfNg k08fnfO{ hlQsf] s;nfO{ cfpF5 / <
xfdL qmdzM psfnf] r9\b} uof}F . oxfF klg /f]kj] /x]5 . t/ clxn] of]
/f]kj] k'glg{df0f ug{ nfluPsfn] k|of]udf /x]g5 . OGb| ;/ / d clns l56f]l56f]
l;F9L r9\g yfNof}F . dfly s] 5 eGg] s't"xntfn] xfdLnfO{ tflg/x]sf] lyof] .
;Ltf / sdnf Dofd cln la:tf/} cfpFb} u/]sf] b]v]kl5 xfdL cufl8 al9xfNof}F .
8fF8fsf] 6'Kkfdf clnslt ;Dd / v'nf 7fpF /x]5 . ToxfF Pp6f d'Vo dlGb/ /
To;sf] jl/kl/ cg]s b]jLb]jtfsf k|frLg dlGb/ /x]5g\ . bz{gfyL{x¿n] bz{gkl5 vfhf
vfg ldNg] b'O{tLgcf]6f gf:tf k;n klg /x]5g\ . dflg;x¿ wdfwd k'/L–lhn]aL
vfO/x]sf lyP . d]/f] klg d'v /;fof] t/ xfdLnfO{ vfgsf] eGbf c¿ g} wGbf d'Vo lyP
.
afofFkl§ lgs}j6f vDaf ePsf] Pp6f k|frLg ;+/rgf /x]5, kf6Lh:tf] .
dflg;x¿ tL k|To]s vDafnfO{ cFufnf] xfNy] . dnfO{ /dfOnf] nfUof] . d klg To;
kf6Ldf pSn]F / c¿n] u/]em}F tL k|To]s vDafdf cFufnf] xfn]F . cGTodf Pp6f k08fn]
lje"lt nufOlbFbf] /x]5 . k};f w'Tg .
clns cufl8 csf{] klg To:t} kf6L /x]5 . d}n] To;df klg k|To]s vDafdf c¿
dflg;sf em}F cFufnf] xfn]F . OGb| ;/ kmf]6f] lvRgdf Jo:t x'g'x'GYof],
cfOk'Ug'eof] . pxfFn] ;f]Wg'eof]– æof] dlGb/rflxF s;sf] lg <Æ
dnfO{ klg yfxf lyPg . s;sf] eGg' < dlGb/ eGg'eGbf klg oL kf6Lh:tf
lyP . d}n] eg]F– æk08fsf] lg, log} a;]sf 5g\ uhwDd k/]/ .Æ
æxfxfxfxf .Æ OGb| ;/ xfF:g'eof] . dflg;x¿n] vfFafnfO{ cFufn]sf] b[Zo pxfFn]
klg b]Vg'eof] . pxfF klg kf6Ldf r9]/ c¿n] u/]em}F u/L cFufnf] dfg{ yfNg'eof] .
Pp6f kf6Ldf afx|kGw|j6f vfFaf lyP . dflg;x¿n] cFufnf] xfNbfxfNbf ltgLx¿ lvOPsf
lyP .
clg xfdL nId0f dlGb/df k:of}F . leq /fdfo0fsf ljleGg k|;ª\u emNsfpg]
d"lt{x¿ /x]5g\ . tL /ª\uLrª\uL d"lt{ x]bf{ oL d"lt{ k'/fgf geP/
ev{/} agfOPsf x'g\ ls eGg] nfUof] . k08f / 7usf] sdL sxLF 5}g . k};f gr9fO{
k08fn] sxLF w/ lbFb}gg\ . kfFr–b; ?lkofF dfq r9fof] eg] t ltgn] cfFvf t5{g\ .
d}n] Pp6f d"lt{df aL; ?lkofFsf] g]kfnL gf]6 r9fPF . 5]pdf plePsf]
k08fn] k};f p7fP/ v]nfpFb} ;f]Wof]– æof] s] xf] <Æ
æk};f . aL; ?lkofF . g]kfnsf] k};f . d g]kfnL x'F .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æof] k};f rNb}g . o:tf] k};fsf] s] sfd < n}hf .Æ p;n] Tof] gf]6
dlt/ kmfNb} xsf/]sf] efiffdf eGof] .
æoL eujfg\ d]/f klg x'g\ . d]/f] eujfg\nfO{ d}n] d]/f] k};f r9fPF .
of] k};f eujfg\nfO{ r9fPsf], eujfg\nfO{ OlG8ofsf] k};f dfq sfd nfU5 / <Æ
æof] k};f oxfF rNb}g .Æ p;n] d]/f] k|ltjfb ;'g]kl5 emg\ s8f :j/df
eGof] .
d}n] k};f l6Kt} eg]F– æeujfg\n] d]/f] k};f c:jLsf/ u/]sf xf]Ogg\,
ltdLn] xf] . ;To s'/f rflxF s] xf] eg] eujfg\nfO{ k};f g} rflxFb}g . eujfg\sf]
/fhdf ltd|f] k};f klg rNb}g, s'g} k};f rNb}g .Æ
olt eg]/ Tof] k};f k;{df /fv]/ ef/tLo k};f gr9fO{ d lg:s]F . aflx/
lg:sFbf ;Ltf klg plSn;s]sL /lx5g\ .
cl3;Dd w'lDdP klg clxn] emndNn 3fd nfu]sf lyP . laxfgsf 3fd eP klg
lgs} rsf{ . ;LtfnfO{ dlGb/sf] d"n9f]sflt/ nfu]sf] b]v]kl5 drflxF l9:sfsf]
6'Kkfaf6 j/k/sf] b[Zosf] kmf]6f] lng dlGb/k5fl8 nfu]F . emndNn 3fd x'gfn] o:tf]
cUnf] 7fpFaf6 pHofnf] kl/j]zsf lgs}j6f kmf]6f] lnO;s]kl5 d ;Gt'i6 ePF . glhs}
Ps 7fpFdf b'O{j6f kblrGx lyP . ænId0f r/0flrGxÆ n]lvPsf] /x]5 . k08fx¿sf] k};f
w'Tg] csf]{ hfn . clg csf{kl§ 5l/Psf 9'ª\ufx¿ lyP . xfd|flt/ 3/ agfpg]x¿n]
ev{/} kxf8af6 6«sdf xfn]/ NofO{ vGofPsf h:tf t/ clns r]K6f / ;fgf 9'ª\uf lyP tL
. dflg;n] otf / ptf kN6fpFbf–kN6fpFbf lgs} lvOPh:tf b]lvGy] tL ;a} . dflg;x¿
Psdfly csf{] 9'ª\uf] y'kfg]{ v]ndf nfu]sf lyP .
xfdL s]6fs]6L 5Fbf lk§f v]NYof}F . r]K6f 9'ª\ufx¿ y'kfg'{kYof]{ . Pp6f
8'd aGYof] / c¿ v]nf8L . 8'dsf] xftdf sk8fsf] u'h'N6f] kf/]sf] an x'GYof] .
Pshgf v]nf8Ln] ann] xfg]/ Tof] y'k|f] 9fNYof] . 8'dn] Tof] an kqm]/ v]nf8LnfO{
xfGg vf]HYof] . anaf6 5lnFb} v]nf8Ln] tL r]K6f 9'ª\uf klxn]sf em}F y'kfg'{kYof]{
. ;a} 9'ª\uf y'kf/L;Sg'cufj} olb 8'dn] tL v]nf8LdWo] s;}nfO{ ann] lxsf{pg ;kmn
eof] eg] ann] nfUg] JolStn] gofF 8'd aGg'kYof]{ eg] c¿ v]nf8Ln] ann] nfUg'cufj}
;a} 9'ª\uf y'kfg{ EofP eg] ;f] 8'd k'gM 8'd x'g afWo x'GYof] .
To; afnv]ndf em}F b'O{rf/hgf dflg; 9'ª\uf y'kfb{} lyP . Pp6f k08fn]
dnfO{ cYof{of]– æoL 9'ª\uf y'kf/]/ 3/ agfOG5 / 3/sf] dflykl§ k};f /flvG5 . o;f]
ubf{ cfkm\gf] 3/df ;'vzflGt ldN5 .Æ
/dfOnf] nfu]/ d}n] klg s]xL 9'ª\uf Psdfly csf{] /fVg yfn]F . d}n]
5fg]sf 9'ª\uf clns 7"nf7"nf / r]K6f ePsfn] lgs}j6f 9'ª\uf y'kfg{ ;kmn
ePF d . d]/f] æ3/Æ c¿ j/k/sf eGbf clns cUnf] / /fd|f] eof] . 9'ª\uf r'Nofpg]
sfd ;s]kl5 ;Gt'i6 eP/ d dlGb/sf] lkF9Ldf r9]F . ;Ltfn] ptf bz{g ul/;s]/ aflx/
lg:sFbf dnfO{ b]lvgg\ Sof/, pgL dlGb/k5fl8sf] v08d} cfOk'lug\ .
æs] ub{} x'g'x'G5 oxfF <Æ pgn] ;f]lwg\ .
æ3/ agfPsf] . x]/ t slt w]/} 3/ <Æ j/k/ ;of}F æ3/Æ lyP .
ætkfO{Fsf] s]6fs]6L afgL slxNo} uPg .Æ pgn] lj/St x'Fb} elgg\ .
æoxfF 3/ agfpg] rng 5 . 3/ k'?ifn] agfpg] xf] . To;df :qLn] klg ;xof]u
ug{ ldN5 . 3/ tof/ ePkl5 To;sf] 6'Kkfdf k};f r9fpg'k5{ .Æ d}n] k08fn] eg]sf]
s'/fdf ykyfk kf/]/ eg]F .
ænf} eg, s'grflxF 3/ xfd|f] xf] <Æ d}n] xfF:t} pgnfO{ ;f]w]F .
æp M Tof] xf] ===== .Æ pgn] ;of}F æ3/ÆdWo] d}n] agfPsf] æ3/Æ
lrlgxflng\ . d 5Ss k/]F . pgL To;sf] 5]pdf uOg\ / To;dfly c¿ r]K6f 9'ª\uf yKg
nflug\ .
æP Û P Û n8\5 ÛÛÆ d s/fPF . ;s];Dd w]/} 9'ª\uf /fv]/ ;a}eGbf cUnf] 3/ agfPsf] lyPF
d}n] . ca Pp6f ;fgf] 9'ª\uf] yKof] eg] ;Dk"0f{ ;+/rgf etfe'ª\u x'G5 eGg]
8/ ePkl5 d}n] 5f8]sf] t ;Ltfn] c¿ b'O{tLg 6'qmf yKg ;kmn eOg\ . ;a}eGbf dfly
pgn] ef/tLo b'O{ ?lkofFsf] 9s /flvg\ / k|;Gg x'Fb} dlt/ cfO\g\ .
-nId0f kxf8L,
lrqs"6_
æb]Vg'ef] < b'O{hgf ldn]/ agfPsf] 3/ ;a}sf] eGbf ultnf] x'G5 .Æ
pgn] ;uj{ elgg\ . xfdL To;kl5 æ3/Æ 5f8]/ æ;+;f/Ætkm{ nfUof}F .
k08fx¿n] s]xLa]/df w]/}h;f] 3/ 9flnlbFbf x'g\, gq c¿ dflg;sf nflu 3/
agfpg] 9'ª\uf sxfFaf6 Nofpg] < gofF 3/ sxfF agfpg] < xfd|f] 3/rflxF
k08fx¿n] t'?Gt} 9fn]gg\ xf]nf, lsgeg] xfd|f] 3/ ljz]if d]xgtk"j{s agfOPsf]
lyof] . lk§f v]Ng l;kfn'n] agfPsf] Tof] 3/ cUnf] / cfsif{s lyof] . Ps lbg dflg;n]
o;}u/L cfkm"n] agfPsf] 3/ 5f8\g'k5{ . sfdnfUg] agfOof] eg] clns ;do;Dd
Tof] 3/ /xnf . æk08fÆx¿n] c¿nfO{ gd'gf b]vfpg xfdLn] agfPsf] 3/ s]xL ;dosf nflu
h:tfsf] To:t} /xg b]nfg\, gq 3/sf] 5fgfdf ePsf] k};f l6k]kl5 pgLx¿n] Tof] 9flnxfNg]5g\
.
OGb| ;/sf] hf]8L xfdL ePlt/ cfof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof]– æstf x/fpg'eof]
tkfO{Fx¿ <Æ
xfdLnfO{ tn cf]n{]/ kl/qmdf k"/f ug{ ca l9nf] eO/x]sf] lyof] .
xtf/f]n] ubf{ dg a]r}g x'g yfln;s]sf] lyof] . 3/sf] s'/f ug{] xf] eg] km]l/ ;do
vr{ x'g] b]v]/ d}n] c¿ g} s'/fn] 6f/]F . s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lvr]kl5 xfdL tn em¥of}F
.
æ5f]/f dfG5] / 5f]/L dfG5] a/fa/ xf]Ogg\ .Æ l;F9Ldf an ub{}
cf]ln{/xFbf ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
ælsg < sxfFaf6 P]n] o:tf] c1fg knfof] ltdLleq <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
ætkfO{Fx¿ clu xfdLnfO{ 5f8]/ cufl8 psfnf] nfluxfNg'eof] . xfdLnfO{
;fgf] cfkt\ cfOnfu]g . dlxnf dfq b]v]/ afFb/sf] Ps x"nn] cfP/ xfdLnfO{
s:t/L emD6Øf] eg] Û wGg c¿
5f]/fdfG5]n] xfdL s/fPsf] dflyaf6 ;'g] / ltgn] afFb/nfO{ xsfl/lbP, / aRof}F .
5f]/LdfG5]nfO{ afFb/n] klg x]K5 .Æ
æxfdLn] t yfx} kfPgf}F ===== .Æ OGb| ;/n] eGg'eof] .
ætkfO{Fx¿ v'?? uOxfNg'eof] . oL x]gf{];\ t, emf]nf g} Rofltlbof]
k8\s]n] ==== .Æ ;Ltfn] emf]nfsf] RofltPsf] 5]p b]vfpFb} elgg\ . P]n] ;fydf
5f]/f dfG5] b]v]kl5 tL afFb/ k/af6 6'n'6'n' x]l//x]sf lyP . xfdL kmf]6f] lvRt}
cf]/fnf] em¥of}F . ;fdfGotof kmnkm"n, k|;fb cflb af]s]sf] emf]nf dlxnfsf]
xftdf x'gfn] afFb/n] dlxnfnfO{ cfqmd0f u/]/ Tof] vf]:g k|oTg ug{]u5{ .
nId0f kxf8Lsf] km]bdf cg]s vfnsf 9f]ns ahfP/ k};f dfUg]sf] n:s/ x'G5 .
ptf sf]xL ehg ufpF5g\, sf]xL ;fw';+Gof;Lsf] e]ifdf x'G5g\, sf]xL lje"lt jf
s]z/L nufOlbg vf]H5g\ clg sf]xL ;fdfg le8fpg vf]H5g\ .
ef/tsf tLy{ofqfdf tLyf{n'nfO{ k08fn] r':5g\, afFb/n] lryf]g{ vf]H5g\,
dfUg]n] w'T5g\ / cg]s vfnsf Jofkf/L, 7u clg w"t{x¿n] afFsL /xg lbFb}gg\ .
wd{ sdfpg lxF8]sf] dflg; 3/ kms{Fbf gfª\uf], l/Qf], ylst, ql;t, lg/fz / q'm4
ag]sf] x'G5 .
xfdL To;kl5 ;Ltfs'08 / cg]s dlGb/ x]b{} cl3 a9\of}F . kl/qmdf
k"/f ug{ emGg} kfFr 306f nfu]sf] lyof] .
))))
xg'dfghLsL
ho ÛÛ
To;kl5 xfdL lbgel/sf nflu 6]Dkf] l/ha{ u/]/ xg'dfgwf/flt/ nfUof}F .
xg'dfgwf/fsf] le/fnf] b]v]/ d lrlGtt ePF . carflxF ;LtfnfO{ km]bLdf 5f8]/ PSn}
hfg'sf] ljsNk b]lvPg . of] kxf8 nId0f kxf8Lhqf] dfq lyPg . d}n] pgnfO{ xfdLn]
lrofgf:tf u/]sf] xf]6nd} a:g cg'/f]w u/]F .
æx]/ ltdLn] cfh cfkm\gf 3'F8fdfly cTofrf/ ul//x]sL 5f} . ltdLn] l;F9L
r9\g} gx'g] . 3/sf] 5t;Dd pSng g;Sg]n] Toqf] nId0f kxf8L r9\of} . o;f] dlg{ª
jfsdf lg:sg g;Sg]n] Toqf] kl/qmdf k"/f u¥of} . ltdL o:tf] 7f8f] psfnf]
r9\g ;St}gf} . tLg ;o ;f7L v'8\lsnf 5g\ oxfF, ltdLn] r9\g] s'/} 5}g . oxLF
al;/fv . xfdL k'u]/ cfOxfN5f}F . Ps}l5gsf] s'/f t xf] . oxfFaf6 ;a}yf]s
b]lvxfNof} .Æ d}n] ;DemfPF .
ægfOF . ;s]hlt pSnG5' . km]l/–km]l/ cfpg kfOg] xf] / < /fhlu/df
tKts'08 x]g{ guPsfdf clxn] klg kl5tf] nflu/x]sf] 5 .Æ pgn] elgg\ . a|Xds'08df
hfg gkfPsf] kL8f pgsf] dgdf cfn} /x]5 .
æltdLn] ;Sg] eP dnfO{ cfkt\ x'g] s'/f] s] lyof] / < ltdL l;ls:t
eof} eg] s;f] ug'{ lg km]l/ <Æ d}n] pgnfO{ xg'dfgwf/f gr9\g dgfpg km]l/ klg
sf]l;; ul/x]/]F .
æs]xL x'Fb}g . ;S5' .Æ pgsf] b[9tfsf cufl8 d}n] xfg'{k¥of] .
))))
æxg'dfghLsL====ÛÆ ;Ltf s/fOg\ . xfdL
Tof] kTyl/nf] kxf8 r9]/ xg'dfgwf/fdf cfO;s]sf lyof}F .
æho ÛÛÛÆ eL8n] k|To'Q/ lbof] . psfnfdf tLg ;o
;f7L v'8\lsnf 5g\ eg]/ k9]sf] lyPF d}n], oxfF t 5 ;o tL; v'8\lsnf kf] /x]5g\ .
t/ ;Ltf ;xh} cfOk'u]sL lyOg\ . pgsf] dg xif{n] km'n]n lyof] . xfd|f cfFvf
j/k/sf] b[Zo ;d]6\g bf}l8O/x] . pFrfOaf6 dWok|b]zsf] v]tLkftL / u|fdL0f
jftfj/0f ;'/Do b]lvGYof] . d}n] tn pkTosfsf] ;''Gb/ b[Zosf] kmf]6f] lvr]F . To;
;'Gb/ b[ZonfO{ k[i7e"lddf kf/]/ klg s]xL kmf]6f] lvRof}F .
xg'dfgwf/fsf] kfgLn] clel;~rg u/]kl5 xfdL cfXnflbt eof}F . o; kxf8sf] 6'Kkfaf6 s;/L o:tf] lg/Gt/ wf/f] lg:s]sf] xf],
xfdL cfZro{rlst eof}F . 7"nf] eL8ef8sf] aLrdf xfdLn] xg'dfgsf] bz{g u¥of}F
.
clg ;Ltf /;f]O{ k'Ug' lyof] . casf] psfnf] w]/} lyPg t/ hl6n lyof] .
v'8\lsnfx¿ Psbd cUnfcUnf . ;Ltf l9nf]l9nf] u/L rl9/lxg\ . oxfFsf k08fx¿sf] k];f
8s}tL ug'{ /x]5 . ;Ltf /;f]O{ dfq xf]Og cg]s 7fpFdf 3'Dg / 9f]Ug clg 6Lsf–ltns
nufpg afWo kfbf{ /x]5g\ . ;Ltf /;f]O{ x]g{ uPsf xfdLnfO{ kfFr 7fpFdf b]vfP .
c;nL ;Ltf /;f]O{ gk'Ub} ofq' aL;kN6 7luO;s]sf] x'G5 .
;SsnL /;f]O{df ;Ltfn] k|of]u u/]sf] elgPsf] r'nf] 5 . t/ To; bfp/f
afNg] r'[nfdf kmnfd nufOPsf] 5 . p;a]nfsf] kmnfd cfh;Dd ;'/lIft /xg] s'/fdf ljZjf;
ug{ ;lsFb}g . h] eP klg xfdLn] ;Ltf /;f]O{sf] bz{g u¥of}F .
æcl3 km]bLdf b]lvPsf] Ogf/sf] gfd s] /] ;/ <Æ OGb| ;/ 8fo/Ldf l6Kg
vf]Hb} x'g'x'GYof] .
æ/fd afj8L . e/t s"krflxF oxfFaf6 6f9f 5 . xfdL Totf hfFb}gf}F
cfh, ;do k'Ug]jfnf 5}g . xfdLn] cem} hfgsLs'08, >L/fd cf>d, ;tL cg;"of,
clq Clif cf>d, u'Ktuf]bfj/L, :kml6slznf cflb cg]s s'/f x]g{} 5 .Æ
))))
u'Ktuf]bfj/L
æoxL xf] :kml6s lznf . eujfg\ >L/fdrGb| / ;Ltfdftf oxfF a;]/
k|]dfnfk ug'{x'GYof] .Æ 8«fOe/n]
xfdLnfO{ eGof] . of] 9'ª\uf] crDd} lrNnf] / cgf}7f] lqmd sn/sf] lyof] . To:tf]
/ªsf] 9'ª\uf] cGoq st} b]v]sf] lyOgF d}n] . x'g t gbLsf] lkFw g} 9'ª\ufsf] 5
;a}lt/, t/ of] 9'ª\uf] jl/kl/sf] kl/j]zsf] t'ngfdf c:jfefljs ¿kn] cUnf], lrNnf]
/ /fd|f] /x]5 . otf cfpg'cl3 d}n] o'6Ø'adf x]/]sf] lel8of]df o; lznfdfly :yfgLo
emf/kftsf] 5fgf] b]vfOPsf] lyof] t/ clxn] l6gsf] 5fgf] cf]9fOPsf] /x]5 .
emf/kfts} 5fgfn] jftfj/0fnfO{ a9L cfWoflTds agfPsf] lyof] h:tf] nfUof] dnfO{ t
.
k08fx¿n] lznfel/ 7"nf7"nf gf]6 /fv]/ xfdLnfO{ k};f r9fpg
afWo kfbf{ /x]5g\ . tkfO{Fn] ef/tLo dlGb/df pgLx¿n] eg]em}F k};f r9fpg
yfNg'eof] eg] æwgwfGo–;'v;DklQÆ x}g ltg}
dlGb/cufl8 eLv dfUg'kg{] xfntdf k'¥ofOlbg]5g\ . :kml6s lznfsf] ;fd'Gg] /fd /
cGo eujfg\sf cg]sf}F gofF / k'/fgf dlGb/ lyP .
:kml6s lznfaf6 xfdL dWok|b]zLo u|fdL0f kl/j]z b]lvg] af6f] eP/ uof}F .
oxfFsf] v]t lj/StnfUbf] lyof] . wfg k6Ss} kmNb}g otf . ds} /f]k] kmNbf] xf] .
kfgL gkfOg] pRr hldg 5, ux'F klg s;/L kmNbf] xf]nf / < a? kmnkm"n,
sfnf] bfn, d'Fu, e6df;, ltn of uxt /f]Kg] xf] eg] kmNnf h:tf] nfUof] dnfO{ .
o;a]nf v]tx¿ k"/} vfnL lyP . v]tdf emf/ xl/o} lyof] / v]tel/ ufO{e}F;L
rl//x]sf lyP . st}st} uf]?n] hf]t]sf] klg b]Vg kfOFbf] /x]5 . ls;fgx¿sf 3/cufl8
6«ØfS6/sf xnf b]lvGy] . 3/sf df6fsf leQfdf ljwfg;ef r'gfjsf] a]nf n]v]sf lj1fkg
/ gf/fx¿ 5Fb} lyP .
3/x¿ vk8f jf 6fOnn] 5fPsf Psbd xf]rf 5g\ . em\ofn gePsf To:tf 3/df
udL{sf] ;dodf s;/L a:tf x'g\ dflg; < ;fob cUnf 3/ agfpg sf7 gkfOg] ePsfn]
xf]nf, cyjf x'g;S5 xfjfx'/Laf6 aRg olt xf]rf agfPsf xf]nfg\ . otflt/ k/fn, sfF;
jf l;?h:tf 3/ 5fKg] j:t' gkfOg] eP/ xf] ls ;a}n] vk8f jf 6fOn k|of]u u/]sf . klZrdL
g]kfndf yfsn / ux'Fsf] 5\jfnLn] 5fk]sf 3/ b]lvGy], pv' x'g] If]qdf sltko 3/x¿
pv'sf] kftn] 5flkPsf] klg b]lvPs} xf] t/ otfsf ls;fgsf 3/ lgs} leGg} 5g\ . oL
3/ x]bf{ ;of}F jif{ k'/fgfh:tf nfUg] 5g\ .
s]xLa]/df u'Ktuf]bfj/L k'Uof}F . ahf/df k:gf;fy xfd|f] 6ØfS;Ljfnfn]
eGof]– æ;s];Dd l56f] hfg'xf]nf . l9nf] ug'{eof] eg] k|j]z ug{] ;do ;lsOxfN5 .Æ
xfdL xtf/xtf/ psfnf] nfUof}F . d emg\ l56l56f] k'u]/ nfOgdf nfu]F,
l6s6 sf6\g . 6f]nLsf cGo ;b:ox¿ cfOk'Ubf d}n] nfdf] nfOg l5rf]n]/ xftdf l6s6
lnO;s]sf] lyPF .
u'Ktuf]bfj/L ljlrqsf] k|fs[lts :j¿k /x]5 . kxf8sf] km]bdf ljzfn
kTy/sf] Rofkaf6 ;fgf] l5F8h:tf] b]lvof] . ef/tLox¿n] To; :yfg;Dd k'Ugsf nflu
6fOn la5\ofPsf] /fd|f] af6f] agfPsf 5g\ . psfnf] r9\g sl7g kg{]x¿sf] ;'ljwfsf
nflu l:6nsf] /]lnª 5 eg] 3fdkfgLaf6 tLyf{n'sf nflu hf]ufpg 5fgf] 5 .
u'Ktuf]bfj/L tLy{:yn vf;df kxf8sf] kx/fdf ag]sf] cf]8f/ xf] . ;'/Iffsf]
ljrf/ u/]/ ;'/Iff clwsf/Lx¿n] Psk6sdf tLg–rf/ ;ohgfnfO{ dfq leq l5g{ lbFbf
/x]5g\ . Ps 7fpFdf PskN6df Pshgf d'l:snn] l5g{ ;lsg] Rofk /x]5 . leq t Psbd
km/flsnf] 7fpF kf] b]lvof] . Ps–8]9 xhf/ dflg;x¿ otfptf ub{} lyP . Psflt/
b]jLb]jtfsf dlGb/h:tf 7fpFdf dflg;x¿ k"hfcfhf ub{} lyP, >L/fdb/af/ /x]5
of] . csf{] Ps 7fpFdf ;fgf] bxh:tf] lyof] / dflg;x¿ ToxfF k};f r9fO/x]sf lyP .
c¿ s]xL 7fpFdf b]jLx¿sf] k"hf ul/Fb} lyof] . xfd|f] dx]Gb|u'kmfeGbf 5f]6f]
t/ w]/} km/flsnf] /x]5 of] . oxfFsf] 5fgf]rflxF Psbd s8f 9'ª\ufsf] 5 / dx]Gb|
u'kmfdf h:tf] kfgL r'lxFbf] /x]g5 .
of] l;ª\uf] u'kmf k|fs[lts gx'g;S5 . ;fgf] u'kmf e]§fPkl5 ToxfF leqsf
6'qm] cj:yfsf 9'ª\ufdf6f] x6fP/ 7"nf] kf/]sf] x'g;S5 . xfdLn] u'kmfsf]
bz{gsf nflu l;F9Ldf nfOgdf nfu]sf] a]nf o; u'kmfsf] dlxdf / o;sf] bz{g u/]df
k|fKt x'g] k'0okmnsf ljifodf k|jrg ul/Psf] nfp8l:ks/ æ>L/fdrGb|sf] cfudg
x'g] ;'g]/ b]jtfx¿n] cfO{ agfPÆ eGb} lyof] .
aflx/ lg:sg klg kfnf] kfpg ;do nfUbf] /x]5, clg eL8n] Psvfn] 7]nf7]n
x'g] . xfdL cl;gkl;g x'Fb} aNn lg:Sof}F .
ca csf{] u'kmfleq l5g'{ lyof] . bf];|f] u'kmf klxnf] eGbf lgs} ;fgf] 5
. leq k:gf;fy kfgL 5 . ;'?df lk8f}Fnf;Dd dfq lyof] kfgL, la:tf/} Tof] a9]/
3'F8f;Dd cfOk'Uof] . xfdL leq k:t} uof}F / kfgLsf] ulx/fO a9\b} uof] .
s]xLa]/df kfgL a9]/ 3'F8fdfly cfpg yfNof] . Rofk eg] emg\emg\ ;fFu'l/Fb} uof] .
w]/} 7fpFdf PskN6df Pshgf dfq l5g{ ldNg] o:tf] Rofksf] e'OF, leQf] / 5fgf] ;a}
Pp6} 9'ª\ufsf] lyof] .
oxfF cfpg'eGbf cl3 g} oL u'kmfsf af/] agfOPsf 8So'd]G6/L lel8of]
x]l/;s]sf] x'gfn] dnfO{ w]/} s'/f klxNo} yfxf lyof] . vf;} sl7gfO klg k/]g t/
;LtfnfO{ Psvfn] ps';d's'; / 56k6L eof] . OGb| ;/sf] t emg\ s'/} gu/f}F, pxfF
cln leq k'u]kl5 t s/fpg yflnxfNg'eof]– æt'?Gt} aflx/ lg:sf}F, dl/G5 h:tf] eof]
.Æ
dflg;sf] eL8n] 7]Nb}7]Nb} emg\eGbf emg\ leq k'¥ofof] . 3'F8fdfly;Dd
gbLsf] kfgL / To;eGbf dfly udL{n] kl;gfn] n5Kk} leh]sf lyof}F . ofq'dWo]
w]/}h;f] af]nad d]nf eg{ cfPsf ef/tLox¿ lyP / af]nad af]nad lrRofO/xGy] . pQ/
ef/tsf lxGbLefifL bz{gfyL{x¿sf] eL8df kxf8sf] ;fFu'/f] Rofk] u'kmfleq
ps';d's'';, udL{, eL8 / xNnfn] Psvfn] /f]df~rsf/L cg'e"lt eof] .
k/ k'u]kl5 u'kmf cf}F7Lh:tf] uf]nf] k/]/ clu cfPsf] af6fdf ldNbf] /x]5
. PskN6df To; cf}F7Lh:tf] 3]/fdf cl6g]hlt dfq ofq'x¿ k;fOFbf] /x]5 . cfwf
306fhltdf ;f]xL af6faf6 eL8n] 7]n]/ xfdLnfO{ aflx/ lgsfNof] . aNn ;Ltfn] /fxtsf]
nfdf] ;f; km]l/g\ . sdnf DofdnfO{ x]/]F . pxfF cjfs\ x'g'x'GYof] . ljlrqsf]
u'kmf / ljlrqsf] tf}/tl/sf pxfFsf nflu ;j{yf csNkgLo cg'ej lyof] .
æcRrDd} nfUbf] 7fpF, xlu <Æ clnslt l;F9L
cf]n{]kl5 sdnf Dofdn] ;LtfnfO{ eg]sf] ;'lgof] .
xfdL tn cfOk'Ubf xfd|f] 8«fOe/ clu g} cfP/ s'l//x]sf] /x]5 . p;n]
eGof]– æolt w]/} ;do nufpg'eof] eg] s;/L clq Clif cf>d, cg;"of dlGb/,
hfgsL s'08 cflb bz{g ug{ ;do k'U5 < nf} bf}8f}F .Æ
clg xfdL bf}8]/ 6ØfS;L /f]s]sf] 7fpFdf cfOk'Uof}F . af6fsf b'j}tkm{
vfg]s'/f / km"nk|;fb a]Rg]x¿ s/fO/x]sf lyP– æcfpg'xf];\ Û otf cfpg'xf];\ ÛÛÆ af6flsgf/df kf]n]sf
ds} a]Rg /fv]sf lyP . t/ xfdL;Fu tL ;alt/ cfFvf nufpg] ;do sxfF lyof] / <
))))
sf]qmfsf
gfgLx¿
xfd|f] 6ØfS;L lgs}a]/ bf}l8of] . clg Pp6f lgs} 3gf hª\un eP/ ;fFu'/f]
;8s klqmof] . hldg clns lgs} gldn]sf] 5 . ;8s klg a]nfa]nf psfnf]–cf]/fnf] eP/
uPsf] 5 . hª\unsf] aLrdf Pp6f v'nf 7fpF cfof] . ;fgf;fgf 3/x¿ /x]5g\ . ;a} 3/df
k;n 5g\ . tL k;ndf r'/f, cla/, l;Gb'/, wfuf], 8f]/f, wfld{s k':ts, eujfg\sf
kmf]6f / dlGb/cufl8 a]lrg] lvlqªldlqª k"hf;fdu|Lx¿ lyP . xfdL km6fkm6
lxF8\of}F .
clns klt{/ dGbflsgL gbLlsgf/df xg'dfgsf] zogd'b|fsf] ljzfn d"lt{
/x]5 . ;+;f/df xg'dfgsf] zogd'b|fsf] d"lt{ olt 7"nf] sxLF 5}g eg]/
ToxfFsf k'hf/Ln] atfP . sf7df8f}F gf/fo0f:yfgdf z]ifzfoL gf/fo0fsf]
d"lt{eGbf of] ;fob 7"nf] 5 t/ z]ifzfoL gf/fo0fsf] d"lt{em}F of]
snfTds nfUb}g, aflx/af6 /ª–n]kg Hofbf eP/ xf]nf ls <
3gf hª\undf ¿vx¿ ljzfn 5g\ . d}n] xfd|flt/sf ¿vx¿h:tf k|hfltsf
af]6la?jf sd} b]v]F . af]6wo]F/f] / lrnfpg]h:tf] k|hfltsf s]xL a8]a8] ¿vx¿ 5g\
. gbLsf] lkFw / lsgf/f 9'ª\u] dfq 5 . kfgL hd]sf] b]lvof], vf;} au]sf] b]lvPg .
gbLsf] aLrlt/ klg htftt} cUnf 9'ª\u}9'ª\uf 5g\ . otflt/ ePsf] eP kfgLsf] k|jfx
/ kfgLn] cfkm";Fu NofPsf 9'ª\uf / sf7kftsf sf/0f tL 9'ª\uf lvOPsf x'g] lyP
. jftfj/0f cToGt xl/ofnLk"0f{ / zfGt 5 . gbLsf] Psfkl§ cUnf] r§fgL kxf8 5
.
clns cufl8 k'u]kl5 clq–cg;"of cf>d /x]5 . cg;"of dlGb/
w]/} tnf ePsf] / cfw'lgs agfOPsf] /x]5 . cg;"of rl/q b]vfpg] cg]s lrq /
d"lt{x¿ 5g\ . lrqaf6 elgPsf] syfaf6 w]/} s'/f yfxf kfOFbf] /x]5 . oxfF
/fd–;Ltf / nId0f clq ClifnfO{ e]6\g cfPsf lyP /] . clq Clif ;Ktlif{dWo]sf Ps
x'g\ . CUj]bdf ;a}eGbf a9L gfd log}sf] cfpF5 .
PskN6 o; If]qdf 7"nf] cgfj[li6 eof] /] . b; jif{;Dd k/]sf]
v8]/Ln] xfxfsf/ km}lnof] /] . b'le{Ifsf sf/0f dflg; / kz' dg{ nfu] /] . clg
clqkTgL cg;"ofn] cfkm\gf] tkf]ann] dGbflsgLnfO{ w/tLdf cf]/flng\ / gbL ¿kdf
axfOg\ /] . o;kl5 gbLsf] hnaf6 w]/} dflg;, hLjhGt' / jg:kltx¿sf] /Iff eof] /] .
jflNdsL Clifsf cg';f/ Clif clq tk:ofdf /xGy] /] . kltsf] Kof; d]6fpgsf nflu
pgn] uª\ufdftf;Fu k|fy{gf ul/g\ /] . pgsf] ;tLTjann] dftf uª\uf k[YjLdf cjt/0f
x'g afWo x'g'eof] /] . o;/L dGbflsgL uª\ufsf] ¿kdf uª\ufdftf u'Ktuf]bfj/Ldf
cjt/0f eO{ Clifcf>dsf] af6f] eP/ ax]sL /] .
dlGb/sf] t];|f] xf] ls rf}yf] tnfsf] Pp6f sIfdf Pp6f Psbd ;'Gb/
sf]qmf] lyof] . s]xL dlxnfx¿ To; sf]qmfnfO{ xNnfO/x]sf lyP . d}n] ToxfF plePsf]
k08fnfO{ ;f]w]F– of] sf]qmf] xNnfpg'sf] cy{ s] xf] <
k08fn] To; sf]qmfsf] syf eGg yfNof]– æPskN6 dxfnIdL, dxf;/:jtL /
kfj{tLnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;tLTjsf] ljifodf 3dG8 k}bf eP5 . of] s'/f gf/bn] yfxf
gkfpg] s'/} ePg . pgL tLg}j6L b]jLx¿ ePsf] :yfgdf k'u]5g\ . gf/bn] eg]5g\–
dTo{nf]sdf clqkTgL cg;"of xh'/x¿eGbf a9L kltj|tf 5g\ eg]/ ;d:t ;+;f/nfO{
yfxf 5 .
gf/bsf] s'/f ;'g]/ b]jLx¿ cfZro{rlst eP5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ ;tL cg;"ofsf]
;tLTj k/LIf0f ug{ dg nfu]5 . pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf kltx¿nfO{ l9kL u/]5g\ . af/Daf/
l9kL u/]kl5 a|Xdf, lji0f' / dx]Zj/ tLg}hgf b]jtfx¿ Clif¿k wf/0f u/]/ b]jL cg;"ofsf
cf>ddf cfP5g\ .
tLghgf tk:jLx¿ cfkm\gf] s'6Ldf cfPsf] b]v]/ ClifkTgL w]/} v';L eO5g\ .
pgn] tL tLg}hgfnfO{ ;fb/ :jfut ul/5g\ . vfg] a]nf x'g nfu]kl5 Clifj]zdf cfPsf
lqb]jn] eg]5g\– xfdL t j:qwf/0f u/]sL :qLsf xftaf6 tof/ ePsf] vfgf vfFb}gf}F .
olb xfdLnfO{ ef]hg u/fpg' 5 eg] lgj{:q /xL vfgf tof/ u/]/ xfdLnfO{ k:s]/
lbg'kg{]5 .
dftf cg;"ofn] lbJo gogn] lrlgxfln5g\ oL sf] x'g\ eg]/ . pgn]
cfkm\gf] ;tLTjann] tLg}hgf b]jtfx¿nfO{ afns¿kdf ablnlbO5g\ . clg pgLx¿sf] OR5f
klg k"/f x'g kfof], / cfkm\gf] ;tLTjsf] klg /Iff x'g ;Sof] .
nfdf] ;do;Dd cfkm\gf kltx¿ kmsL{ gcfPkl5 tLg}hgf b]jLx¿nfO{ cfkt\ k/]5
. s] ePsf] xf] eg]/ tLg}hgf b]jL clq Clifsf] s'6Ldf cfP5g\ . oxfF cfP/ x]5{g\ t
cfkm\gf kltx¿ caf]w afns ¿kdf o; sf]qmfdf kl8/x]sf, clg ClifkTgL tLg} afnsnfO{
xNnfO/x]sL .
b]jLx¿n] ClifkTgL;Fu x[bob]lv Ifdf dfu]5g\ . ClifkTgLn] Ifdf lbPkl5
dfq a|Xdf, lji0f' / dxfb]j k'gM cfkm\gf] ;SsnL :j¿kdf kms{g kfP5g\ . tLg}hgf
b]jLx¿ cfkm\gf–cfkm\gf kltnfO{ ;fydf lnP/ :ju{lt/ nfu]5g\ . clxn] sf]qmfdf
;'lt/x]sf oL tLg afns ltg} a|Xdf, lji0f' / dx]z x'g\ .Æ
d cfq]o uf]qsf] ;Gtfg x'g'sf] uj{n] km'n]F . cfq]o Clif log} clq / cg;"of
dftfsf 5f]/f x'g\ . d]/f] /utdf ltgL dxfg\ Clif clq / dxf;tL cg;"ofsf] /ut
alu/x]sf] 5 eGg] r]tgfn] d cToGt efjljef]/ ePsf] lyPF . log} clq–cg;"of
Clifs'ndf hGd]/ pkfWofo a|fXd0f eP/ d]/f] hGdsf] uj{nfO{ d}n] hf]ufpg sxfF
;s]sf] 5' / < t/ klg tL dftf–lktfsf] cf>ddf cfP/ cfkm"nfO{ wGo 7fGg]
df}sf h'6fPF5' .
;a} ;tLn] a|Xdf, lji0f' / lzjnfO{ afns agfP/ sf]qmfdf /fvL xNnfpg sxfF
;S5g\ /, t/ ;Ltf / sdnf Dofdn] klg Tof] sf]qmf] xNnfP .
dlGb/ cfw'lgs 9ª\usf] x'gfn] of] dnfO{ dg k/]g . o; ljzfn dlGb/leq v}
s'gs'g ;fw';Gt / dxGtx¿sf klg d"lt{ /x]5g\ . tLy{ofqLnfO{ tL ;fw';Gtsf]
bz{g gu/L dxf;tL cg;"ofsf] bz{g ug{ glbPsfdf dnfO{ Psbd g/dfOnf] nfUof] .
cGTodf xfdL cf]n]{/ gbLlsgf/df cfof}F . dlGb/eGbf dfly kx/f;Fu
hf]l8Psf] :yfgdf afx|} /flz, afx|} df; / ;"o{b]jtfsf] /y;lxtsf] ljzfn
d"lt{ 5 . xfdLn] s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lvr]/ dfq ;f] :yfg 5f8\of}F .
To;kl5 kms{]/ lrqs"6 cfO{ hfgsL s'08sf] bz{g u¥of}F / sf]7fdf
kmls{xfNof}F .
))))
s]Nxf}/fsf
;Gt
laxfg rf/} ah] d
p7]F . cGgk"0f{ xf]6n 5f]8\g] a]nf eO;s]sf] lyof] . l9nf] u/] ;tgf hfg]
kfFr ah]sf] a; 5'6\g;SYof] . ;a}nfO{ x'6x'6L nufP/ p7fOxfn]F . xfdL s]6fs]6L
5Fbf xh'/af l;nf]s xfn]/ eGg'x'GYof]–
ljBfyL{, ef]sf],
k/b]zLnfO{
kfn], eu'jf /
l;kfxLnfO{
Ao"Femfpgfn]
/lt bf]if 5}g,
lgb|f laufg'{ c¿sf] x'Fb}g .
xfdL
lrqs"6af6 ;tgf hfg] a; kqmg] / ToxfFaf6 kGgf x'Fb} vh'/fxf] hfg] of]hgfdf
lyof}F . a;kfs{df k'Ubf kfFr ah] 5'6\g'kg{] a; ;f9] rf/ ah] g} lxFl8xfn]sf]
/x]5 . ev{/} ;dotflnsf km]/]sfn] o:tf] eP5 . OG6/g]6sf] er'{cn ;+;f/af6
;"rgf a6'n]/ o; l/on ;+;f/df lxF8\g ;lhnf] sxfF x'G5 / Û
æxfdL vh'/fxf]
e|d0fdf lg:s]sf . vh'/fxf] hfg ;tgfsf] a; kqmg vf]h]sf =====.Æ glhs}sf]
lrofk;ndf lrofukmdf nfu]sf dflg;x¿dWo] Pshgfn] dlt/ Wofg lbPsf] b]v]/ d}n] eg]F
. ca csf{] a; ;f9] 5 ah]dfq hfg] /x]5 .
ævh'/fxf] hfg]n]
lsg Tolt w]/} 3'dfp/f] af6f] eP/ hfg] lg < oxfFaf6 ;ft ah] p M Tof] a; kGgf
hfG5, kGgfaf6 ;f]em} hfg] lg .Æ p;n] eGof] . ;]tf] s'tf{–kfOhfdf nufPsf] Tof]
dflg; ;DejtM k08f lyof] .
æTo;f] ubf{ 7Ls
xf]nf / < ca b'O{ 306f oxfF s] u/]/ a:g] t <Æ d lrlGtt ePF .
kGgfsf] a; 8«fOe/
klg To; ;d"xdf /x]5 . p;n] eGof]– æx]gf{];\, ;tgf eP/ hfg'eGbf d]/f] a;df
hfFbf tkfO{Fx¿nfO{ kmfObf 5, 3'd]/ hfFbf 8]9–b'O{ 306f a9L ;do nfluxfN5 . a?
oxLF lrofgf:tf ugf{];\, cf/fd ugf{];\ / ;ft ah] xfdL;Fu} lxF8\gf];\ . ;tgf k'Ug'kg{]
h?/L sfd 5}g eg] lsg Toqf] af6f] 3'Dg] <Æ
æslt ah] k'luG5 kGgf
<Æ
æ;f9] b; ah] .Æ
lrofk;nsf a]Grdf
a;]sf] Tof] æk08fÆ / kGgf hfg] a;sf] 8«fOe/sf] ;Nnfx dfg]/ xfdL kGgftkm{ hfg
tof/ eof}F . laxfgsf] zLtntfdf otfptf 6xNb} / ulkmFb} xfd|f] ;do laTof] . 7Ls
;ft ah] xfdLnfO{ nUg] eg]sf] a; lxFl8xfNof] . ofq' Psbd} yf]/} lyP . xfdLn]
a;df ;a}eGbf ;lhnf l;6 5fGof}F . b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ / em\ofnaf6 lel8of] tyf kmf]6f]
lvRg ldNg] l;6 d}n] /f]h]F .
ptfkl§ OGb| ;/ /
sdnf Dofd clg otfkl§ ;Ltf / d lyof}F . a; Psgf; s'lb/xGYof] . af6fdf dWok|b]zsf
kftnf ufpF cfP . km]l/ l9:sfl9:sL / vfnL v]taf/L . st}st} ufO{a:t' rl//x]sf /
s]6fs]6L v]ln/x]sf . af6f] st} Psbd /fd|f] t st} lbSs nufpg] vfN6fv'N6L .
sdnf Dofd pF£g
yflnxfNg'eof], laxfg l56} p7\g'k/]/ lgb|f k'Ug gkfPsfn] xf]nf . a; vfN6fv'N6L
k/]sf] 7fpFdf 3Rofs3'r's ubf{ pxfF em:sg'x'GYof] . d}n] rflxF aflx/L b'lgofFsf]
b[Zodf cfFvf 8'nfO/x]F .
otfsf] hª\un clns
3gf / ¿v klg cUnf /x]5g\ . otf af]6wo]F/f / knf;sf ¿v htftt} b]lvP . xfd|flt/sf
lrnfpg], baba] / s';'dsf ¿vh:tf klg b]lvP . c¿ w]/}h;f] ¿vla?jf xfd|f nflu gofF
lyP . af6f] clncln cUnf]–xf]rf] hldg eP/ hfFbf] /x]5 . u'un cy{sf] gS;fdf
kxf8h:tf] b]v]sf] lyPF, oxfF t g kxf8 eGg' g d}bfg eGg' eg]h:tf] hldgsf] ;+/rgf
5 . st}st} vf]nfvf]N;f klg 5g\ . 8«fOe/n] aLr hª\unsf] Ps 7fpFdf a; /f]Sof] . ;fgf]
vf]N;f] lyof] / Ps lsgf/df ev{/ x's{g nfu]sf] kLknsf] ¿v lyof] . p;n] vf]N;fsf]
k'nsf] l8ndf Pp6f gl/jn lxsf{P/ kmf]¥of] . clnslt To; kLknsf] ¿vdf r9fP/ afFsL
gl/jnsf ;fgf;fgf 6'qmf ;a}nfO{ afF8\of] . ofqfsf] ;kmntfsf] z'e]R5fsf nflu k|;fb:j¿k
xf]nf .
a; t'?Gt}
lxF8\of] . d}n] ;do s6fpgsf nflu gfnGbf, /fhlu/ / lrqs"6sf e|d0f cg'ejx¿
cfbfgk|bfg xf];\ eg]/ ljleGg k|;ª\u sf]6ØfPF . gfnGbf, /fhlu/ / lrqs"6
Psbd leGg /x] eGg] OGb| ;/sf] egfO 5 . ;Ltfn] rflxF lrqs"6nfO{ ;a}eGbf
dxŒj lbOg\ . t/ lxhf] lbge/sf] psfnf]–cf]/fnf]n] pgnfO{ 3'F8fdf c;x\o kL8f
eO/x]sf] lyof] .
æxfdLn] xfd|f]
ofqfsf] ;'?cft k6gfsf] Ps dlGb/af6 u/]sf xf}F, To; dlGb/sf] gfd s] xf] <Æ
d}n] sdnf DofdnfO{ k|Zg u/]F .
sdnf Dofd d';'Ss
d':sfpg'eof] . pxfFn] cgle1tf k|s6 ub{} 6fpsf] xNnfpg'eof] . d}n] OGb| ;/lt/
cfzfk"0f{ gh/ nufPF . pxfFn] eGg'eof]– æk6gb]jL .Æ
pxfF hltv]/}
xftdf 8fo/L af]s]/ lxF8\g'x'GYof] lbgel/ . gofF :yfg, 36gf / kl/l:yltnfO{ pxfF
l6kf]6 ul/xfNg'x'GYof] . d}n] rflxF of] ofqfdfu{ rog ubf{ / ofqf:yn 5fGg'kbf{
OG6/g]6df e]6];Dd ;"rgf a6'n]sf] lyPF . ljlsDoflkof, u'un cy{, ljlslkl8of,
ljls6«fen x]/]/, o'6Ø'asf lel8of] / cGo ;|f]taf6 klg pknAw ;"rgf a6'n]sf]
lyPF . OG6/g]6df sltko ef/tLo / ljb]zL ofq'x¿sf cg'ej klg k9]sf] lyPF . pgLx¿sf
;'emfj / k|ltlqmof;d]t d}n] ?lrk"j{s k9]sf] lyPF . o;kN6 ofqfdfu{ to
ug{'eGbf cufl8 xfdL k'Ug] 7fpFsf] af/]df dfq xf]Og, k'Ug clncln ;Defjgf ePsf
7fpFsf] af/]df klg lgs} ;"rgf dgdf af]s]/ d lxF8\b} lyPF .
d t kmt]xk'/
l;s/L, e/tk'/, cfefg]/L, lxG8f}g l;6L, Ujflno/, bfltof / emfF;Lsf] e|d0f ug{]
ljrf/df lyPF ;'?df, kl5 ofqfdfu{ to ub{} hfFbf cWoog u/]sf slt ;x/ 5'6], slt
ylkP / cGTodf /]nsf] l6s6 sf6\g] a]nf;Dddf o; dfu{sf] rog ePsf] xf] .
o;f] x'gfn] ofqf
ul/Psf :yfgx¿ ;"rgf / hfgsf/Lsf lx;fan] d]/f nflu w]/} gofF x'g kfPgg\ .
gofF :yfgdf k|ToIf k'Ug' dfq d]/f nflu gofF eOlbof] . gq cfh;Dd x]/]–3'd]sf,
bz{g u/]sf k|To]s 7fpFsf af/]df lgs}j6f lel8of] x]/]sf] lyPF d}n], lgs}j6f
;"rgf;fdu|L k9]sf] lyPF . To;} eP/ s;}n] eg]sf], sxLF k9]sf] jf sxLF b]v]sf]
ljifoj:t', :yfg jf k|;ª\unfO{ d}n] l6kf]6 ug{ cfjZos g} b]lvgF . a? e]6]sf
dflg;x¿sf] cl8of] jf lel8of] /]s8{df d]/f] dg hfGYof] . gofF 7fpFdf k'Ubf x'g]
cfZro{, la:dft\ jf v';L ;fob c¿ ;b:osf nflu em}F s8f eP/ ddf cfpFb}gYof] . cyjf
x'g;S5 d]/f] dgdf cfpg] cfZro{, lj:dft\ jf v';L c¿ ;b:onfO{ eGbf lbuf] /
u'0ffTds x'GYof] . cg'e"ltx¿ t'kmfg jf e]nem}F cfP jf zfGt gbLem}F eP/
x[bosf] af6f]af6 au] klg cfkm\gf–cfkm\g} lsl;dn] d"Nojfg\ x'G5g\ xf]nf .
demufpFb]lv
otfsf] of] af6f]rflxF d]/f nflu klg gofF g} lyof], lsgeg] otfaf6 cfpg] eg]/
k"j{of]hgf lyPg . d}n] lrqs"6af6 ;tgf / ;tgfaf6 vh'/fxf] hfg] dfu{sf]
of]hgf agfPsfdf lrqs"6af6 /fhdfu{sf] af6f] 5f8L leqL ufpFsf] af6f] kqm]/ kGgf
uOFb} lyof] . of] af6f] Psbd ;fFu'/f] 5 . af6fdf w]/} 7fpFdf æhª\unÆ dfq 5 .
st} Psfkl§ ufpF 5g\ / csf{kl§ l9:sfl9:sL kxf8 / knf;sf kf]y|fkf]y|Ldfq ePsf] æhª\unÆ
. st} af6fsf b'j}tkm{ v]tL jf ufpF klg cfpF5g\ . t/ ufpF Psbd kftnf 5g\ .
dflg;x¿n] ufO{e}F;L kfn]sf 5g\ / ;8sdf tL ufO{e}F;Ln] cj/f]w ul//xG5g\ .
))))
kGgf lhNnfsf
k6gfsng / c¿ ufpFdf af6fg]/ kfgLsf 6Øfª\sx¿ k|z:t b]Vg kfOG5g\ . 6Øfª\s eg]sf
e]n jf vf]N;fsf] kfgL Psflt/ y'g]/ hDdf kfl/Psf 7"nf cfxfn jf kf]v/L x'g\
. s'g}s'g} 6Øfª\s lgs} 7"nf / w]/} ulx/f klg b]lvP, xf]rf] kg{] efudf
afFlwPsf] afFw x]/]/ / 6Øfª\ssf] 3]/f] / kfgLsf] n]3|f] x]/]/ avf{df oxfF slt
kfgL ;ª\sng x'G5 cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . Ps–b'O{cf]6f t km}nfj6sf lx;fan] km]jftfneGbf
7"nfh:tf b]lvP . sltko 6Øfª\ssf afFw ;8seGbf lgs} cUnf ePsfn] ptfkl§ s]–s:tf]
5 cg'dfgdfq ug{ ;lsGYof] . 6Øfª\ssf] kfgL v]tLkftLsf nflu l;FrfO ug{ /
kz'x¿nfO{ v'jfpg k|of]u ul/Ph:tf] nfUYof] . 6Øfª\ssf] 5]p5fpdf wfgsf v]tL klg
b]lvGy] .
s]xLa]/df clns
afSnf] / cfw'lgs z}nLsf 3/;d]t ePsf] ufpF cfOk'Uof] . s]Nxf}/f /x]5 o;sf] gfd .
of] ufpF k'Ug] a]nfdf af6}g]/ klg lgs}j6f 6Øfª\s 5g\ . wfgsf v]tx¿ k|z:t 5g\ .
xfd|f] a; ofq' / rfnsn] vfhf vfgsf nflu /f]lsof] . d}n] o; df}sfdf :yfgLo;Fu
e]63f6 ul/xfNg rfx]F . a;:6]G8af6 aL;tL; sbd cufl8 Pshgf a"9f dflg; rf/–kfFrsf]7]
cfw'lgs 3/sf] cfFugdf Knfl:6ssf] ;]tf] s';L{df al;/x]sf lyP . nfdf] v's'nf]
3'd{}nf] /ªsf] s'tf{ / x\jfnf{ª\u] kfOhfdf
nufPsf tL a"9f dfG5] cUnf, uf]/f / l7Ss df]6fOsf] hLp8fnsf lyP . pgsf]
tfn' v'OlnPsf] lyof] . afFsL efusf] skfn klg kftnf] / 5f]6f] lyof] . a"9f
pHofnf] cg'xf/sf lyP .
dnfO{ d':sfpFb}
cfPsf] b]v]kl5 pgL cfkm" a;]sf] s';L{af6 p7] . pgn] eg]– æa;f}F afa",
a;f}F .Æ
a; aL;–kRrL;
ldg]6sf nflu cl8Psf] lyof] . a;sf] ofqL d, oxfF a"9fsf] cltly ag]/ a:g t
sxfF ;Sy]F / < t/ klg olt Gofgf] cfltYo c:jLsf/ ug'{ c;Eotf x'GYof] . d}n]
a"9fnfO{ gd:sf/ u/]F .
æd csf{] s';L{
NofOxfN5' x} t .Æ d]/f] gd:sf/ kmsf{P/ pgL km6fkm6 3/leq 3';] . pgn] c¿ b'O6f
;]tf s';L{ af]s]/ NofP . s';L{dfly pgn] Pp6f yfnLdf v}gL, r'/f]6, ;'kf/L,
Njfª;'s'd]n cflb NofPsf /x]5g\ . kfx'gfx¿nfO{ cf}krfl/s ¿kdf :jfut ug{]
pgLx¿sf] sfObf .
d r'/f]6 v}gL
cflb s]xL gvfg] dflg;, b'O6f Njfª l6k]F . b'j}hgf a;]kl5 vf;} cf}krfl/stfljgf
s'/fsfgL ;'? eOxfNof] .
æslt jif{b]lv
xh'/ o; ufpFdf x'g'x'G5 lg <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
æhGd]s} o; ufpFdf
. xfd|f] 3/ p M k/sf] 6f]ndf lyof] . pQ/kl§ u'r'd'Rr k/]sf] afSnf] a:tLlt/ ;ª\s]t
ub{} pgn] eg]– æd]/f efOx¿ k'Vof}}{nL 3/d} a:5g\ .Æ
æxh'/sf] kl/ro
<Æ d}n] xtf/xtf/ ;f]w]F .
æd]/f] gfd
nIdLk|;fb ld>f . lzIfs . e"uf]n k9fpFy]F . ;}FtL; jif{ k9fPF d}n] . kGgf
lhNnfs} b]jLgu/sf] xfo/ ;]s]G8/L :s'ndf . afx| jif{ ef] l/6fo8{ ePsf] .Æ
æxfdL b'O{ hf]8L klt–kTgL
g]kfnaf6 ef/t–bz{gsf nflu cfPsf . rf/} hgf ljBfnodf k9fpg] lzIfs xf}F . avf{–labfdf
5g\ xfd|f :s'nx¿, labfsf] df}sfdf otf lxF8]sf . xh'/;Fu e]6 eof] . oxL t xf]
v';L eg]sf] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æP ===. s] ljifo
k9fpg'x'G5 lg <Æ
æcª\u|]hL efiff
k9fpF5' d, PstL; jif{ eP5 k9fpg yfn]sf] . clg xh'/sf 5f]/f5f]/Lx¿ slt 5g\ lg
< pgLx¿ clxn] sxfF–sxfF s]s] ub{} 5g\ <Æ
æb'O{ 5f]/f / rf/
5f]/L . ;a} 5f]/Lx¿ cfkm\gf–cfkm\gf 3/df 5g\ . 7"nL 5f]/L b]jLgu/df 5] .
p;sf >Ldfg\ sn]hdf k|f]km];/ 5g\, dflxnL 5f]/L oxLF ls;'gk'/df 5] . oxfFaf6
kfFr dfOn 5 . pgLx¿sf] v]tLkftL 5, Pp6f xf8{j]o/ k;n klg 5 . 5f]/L v]tLkftL
x]5{], HjfOF xf8{j]o/ k;n ;DxfNg'x'G5 . ;flxFnL 5f]/Lsf] kl/jf/ kxf8Lv]8f
ahf/df a:5 . oxfFaf6 kGgf hfg] af6}df k5{ Tof] ahf/ . HjfOF xL/f pTvgg ljefudf
sfd ug'{x'G5 . ;/sf/L csfpG6]G6 x'g'x'G5 pxfF . sfG5LrflxF lbNnLdf 5] . HjfOF
ef]8fkmf]g sDkgLdf sfd ug'{x''G5 . 5f]/L klg sfd u5{] . pmrflxF kGhfa g];gn a}ª\sdf
Sofl;o/ kbdf 5] .Æ
æclg 5f]/f <Æ
5f]/fx¿sf] ljifodf gaf]nL a"9f cl8Psf x'gfn] ;f]Wg dg nfluxfNof] .
æ7"nf]
5f]/f] OlGhlgo/ . klxnf cd]l/sfsf] sf]nf]/f8f]df a:Yof] . P]n] csf{G;f;df la6'ldg
ljifodf kLPr8L ub{} 5 . b; jif{ ef] pm ptf uPsf] . kms{]/ Ps}kN6 klg cfPsf] 5}g
. gfltgfltgf / a'xf/L klg pt} 5g\ . a'xf/L ;'Ts]/L eO{ clg ;'Ts]/L :ofxfg{
logLx¿sL cfdf klg pt} uPsL 5], rf/ dlxgf eof] . ca bLkfjnLcufl8 cfpF5] . ;fgf]
5f]/f] gj{]df Pd8L ub{} 5 . aDaO{af6 PdaLaLP; u/]/ 5fqj[lQ kfPkl5 pm gj{]lt/
xflGgPsf] xf] .Æ
æP Û xh'/ 5f]/f5f]/Lsf ljifodf ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5 . ;a}n] pGglt u/]sf /x]5g\,
;a} cfTdlge{/ ePsf /x]5g\ . x}g t <Æ d}n] xfdL r9]sf] a;tkm{ cfFvf nufpFb}
eg]F . /ftf] ;6{ nufPsf] df]6f]df]6f] Hofgsf] xfd|f] 8«fOe/ gf:tf k;nsf] Pp6f
a]Grdf a;]/ v}gL dfl8/x]sf] /x]5 . p;n] xft em6\sf/]/ gf8Lsf] 38L x]¥of] .
;LtfnfO{ a;sf]
l;F9L cf]n{g–pSng sl7g x'g] ePsfn] sdnf Dofd / ;Ltf a;leq} al;/x]sf lyP .
æxf] eGg}k¥of]
lg, pgLx¿sf] ;kmntf / ;'vsf nflu . t/ x]gf{];\ g, slt b'Mv u/]/ oqf] 3/ agfof}F
. 3/ gfdsf] o; cf]8f/df rf/ dlxgfb]lv PSn} 5' . wGg 7"nL gfltgL o;f]
slxn]sfxLF cfpF5] / 3/ ;kmf ul/lbG5] . afx| sIffsf] k9fO 5 lar/Lsf] . b]jLgu/d}
. s] eGg], o:tf] PsfsL hLjg klg hLjg xf] / <Æ
æu'?b]j Û tkfO{Fn] Pp6f ;lqmo / nfdf] hLjg afFRg'eof] . hLjgsf] ;fy{stf s]df 5
< cWoog–1fgdf, wg–;DklQdf, ;Gtfg–b/;Gtfgdf, zlSt–k|l;l4df jf s]df <Æ
æafFRgsf nflu
aflx/L b'lgofF hfGg' / ljBf k|fKt ug'{ Psbd h?/L 5, wg / kl/jf/hg klg geO{
lhGbuL rNb}g . t/ hLjgsf] ;fy{stf cfkm"nfO{ lrGg'df 5, cfTdf / k/dfTdfsf]
;DaGw a'em\g'df 5 . xfdLn] ;Gtx¿sf jrg ;'Gg'k5{, lsgls ;Gtx¿n] dfq xfd|f]
cfTdfnfO{ k/dfTdf;Fu ldng u/fpg ;fdYo{ /fV5g\ .Æ
æs:tf dflg;nfO{
;Gt eGg] lg <Æ
æx]gf{];\,
s[kfn'hL dxf/fh, j[Gbfjgdf a:g'x'GYof] lg, xfn} ;dflw lng'eof], pxfFh:tf dflg;
x'g\ ;Gt eg]sf . To:tf ;Gtx¿n] dfq hLjgsf /x:ox¿ vf]Ng ;S5g\ . hf] kfof] To;n]
dfgjhLjgsf u"9 /x:ox¿ phfu/ ug{ ;St}gg\ . bf/L–hu6f kfNb}df, rGbg–v/fgL
3:t}df ;fw';Gt eOFb}g . tkfO{Fn] lgwf/df rGbg lsg nufpg'ePsf] <Æ
laxfg
lrqs"6af6 lxF8\g] a]nfdf ;Ltfn] d]/f] lgwf/df rGbg nufOlbPsL lyOg\ .
a"9fn] rGbgsf] cy{ ;f]w] . d pQ/ lbg g;s]/ nsksfPF . pgn] d]/f] c;d~h;
cj:yfnfO{ nfdf] ;do;Dd /lx/xg lbPgg\ . pgn] elgxfn]– ærGbg nufpg' eg]sf] t];|f]
cfFvf] vf]Ng] k|oTg ug'{ xf] . ha of] t];|f] cfFvf] v'Nb5, tkfO{FnfO{
k/dfTdfsf] bz{g ldNb5 . k/dfTdf aflx/ st} 5}g, Tof] tkfO{Fleq} 5 . aflx/ t
d"lt{ e]l6G5g\, dlGb/ e]l6G5g\, /ª\uLrª\uL b'lgofF e]l6G5, ls s;f] <Æ
a"9fsf]
egfOnfO{ d}n] ;dy{g u/]F . OGb| ;/ klg d stf uPF eGb} vf]Hb} cfpg'eP5 . pxfF
a"9fsf 5]psf] vfnL s';L{df a:g'eof] . d}n] ld>f a"9fsf] egfOnfO{
lel8of] /]s8{ ul//x]F . d]/f gh/ / Wofg ToxfFsf ¿vla?jf, :yfgLo klx/gsf dflg;,
v]tLkftL, 3/lgdf{0fsf] tl/sf, e"–agf]6lt/ lyP .
æ;Gtx¿ / cfd
dflg;df s] km/s 5 eg] ;Gtx¿n] ;TonfO{ k|ToIf b]Vt5g\, xfdLrflxF cfFvfdf k§L afFlwPsf
dflg;em}F 5f}F . ;Gtx¿n] xfdLnfO{ 8f]¥ofpF5g\ . pgLx¿n] 8f]¥ofP/ lxF8fP eg] c1fgsf]
k§L afFlwPsf xfdLn] cfkm" k'u]sf] 7fpF hª\un, au/, d?e"ld, kxf8,
d}bfg jf s]s:tf] xf] cfFvfn] b]Vg gkfP klg yf]/ax't eGg ;S5f}F . ;Gtx¿sf]
;xfotf lnPgf}F eg] st} hfg ;St}gf}F .Æ a"9fsf ts{sf] ;dy{gdf d}n] eg]F .
æx]gf{];\,
;fw'–afafhLx¿ t k|z:t e]l6Pnfg\ t/ ;Gtx¿ b'n{e x'G5g\ . s/f]8f}Fdf Psb'O{ dfq
;Gt x'G5g\, tL klg n's]/ /x]sf x'G5g\ . ;Gtx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ k|s6 ub{}
lxF8\\b}gg\ .Æ a"9fn] pHofnf] cg'xf/ kf/]/ eg] .
æj0ff{>d
Joj:yfsf] s'/f u5'{ d . a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zo / z"b| s]s] x'g\ <Æ ca
a"9f lzIfs dnfO{ ;f]Wg yfn] . a"9fn] k|Zgsf] ;ª\s]t s]df u/]sf x'g\
d}n] a'em\g ;lsgF . d OGb| ;/lt/ x]g{ yfn]F . pxfF klg gfhafkm b]lvg'eof] .
xfd|f] b'lawf / ;ª\sf]r
b]v]/ ld>f ;/ eGg yfn]– æoL rf/} j0f{ xfd|} z/L/df 5g\ . a|fXd0f eg]sf]
a'l4, ljj]s, 1fg, wd{ / r]tgf xf] . d'vaf6 Tof] k|s6 x'G5 . Iflqo eg]sf]
g]t[Tj, uj{, cfTd;Ddfg, cfTd/Iff / Pstfsf] efj xf] . xftkfv'/faf6 Tof] k|s6
x'G5 . j}Zo eg]sf] wg;DklQ cfh{g, wgsf] lj:tf/, wgsf] ;b'kof]u cflb ljifo;Fu
;DalGwt rl/q xf] . 5ftL -cyf{t\ x[bo of dg_ df j}ZoTj x'G5 . z"b| eg]sf]
;]jf, rfs/L, cfb/ / cg'ofoLkg xf] . uf]8fn] oL sfd u5{g\ . oltdfq xf]Og xfdLleq
/fIf; klg 5 M b|f]x, cljZjf;, 7uL, em"6, cfn:o, 3[0ff cflb gsf/fTds efj g}
/fIf; x'g\ . d}n] eg]sf u'0fx¿dWo] h;df h'g u'0f a9L 5g\ Tof] dflg; ToxL
j0f{sf] xf] .Æ
xfdLn] r'krfk
;'lg/x\of}F . a"9f ld> ;/n] k'gM cfkm\gf] s'/fsf] l;lN;nf hf]8\g vf]h]–
æhft klg 5 xfdLsxfF . hft eg]sf] rflxF hGd]sf] eGg] cy{ xf] . tkfO{F a|fXd0f
hftsf] x'F eGg'x'G5 eg] Tof] tkfO{Fsf] hGdsf] ljifo dfq xf] . a|fXd0f j0f{df
k'UgrflxF Tolt ;lhnf] 5}g . a|Xd hfgflt a|fXd0f . cyf{t\ a|fXd0f j0f{df k'Ug
To;cg';f/sf of]Uotf, ljz]iftf / Ifdtf ljsf; ug'{k5{ . To;}n] xfdLn] hftnfO{
xf]Og j0f{nfO{ dxŒj lbg'k5{ .Æ
OGb| ;/ a"9f
;/nfO{ s]xL ;f]Wg vf]Hb} x'g'x'GYof], xfd|f] a;n] l6Fl6F xg{ ahfOxfNof] .
cf]n{]/ otfptf 5l/Psf ofq'x¿ wdfwd r9\g yfn] . OGb| ;/ / d a"9f dflg;;Fu
labf dfu]/ a;lt/ s'b\of}F . Toqf] ljzfn 3/df PSn} a:g] tL a"9f cWofkssf]
xFl;nf] cg'xf/ ef/t dWok|b]zcGtu{t kGgf lhNnf, s]Nxf}/f ufpFsf] d"n
;8s–lsgf/df 5f8]/ xfdL cfkm\g} b'lgofFdf kmls{xfNof}F .
æ;DwL;Fu e]6
ePh:tf] 5 lg, a8f] cfb/k"j{s gd:t] ;f6f;f6 rNb} lyof] t ÛÆ ;Ltfn] a;df r9\gf;fy OGb| ;/ / dnfO{ Joª\Uo sl;g\ . sdnf Dofdsf] dw'/ d':sfg cg'xf/el/ 5l/of] .
æx]x] Û s:tf ultnf–ultnf 1fgu'gsf
s'/f eP, xh'/nfO{ s] yfxf . a"9f ;/ t w'/Gw/ /x]5g\ lg, xlu < km]l/ Ps
lbg cfpg'k5{ . a"9fsf s'/f ;'Gg'k5{ .Æ OGb| ;/n] eGg'eof] .
d xfF;]F .
))))
v}
t ko{6s <
afbn nfu]sf] P3f/
ah] laxfg xfdL kGgf ;x/sf] æ>L k|f0fgfy a;:6]G8Æ cufl8kl§sf] æk|ltxf/ xf]6nÆdf
r'krfk tftf] bfneft vfO/x]sf lyof}F . xfdLn] gfd ghfg]sf / b]Vt} gb]v]sf hftsf
t/sf/L / gf}nf crf/sf] kl/sf/;Fu dL7f] dfg]/ vfgf vfof}F . otfsf dflg; klg
vf];f{gLrflxF clt vfFbf /x]5g\ . xfd|f] k]6nfO{ ef/tLo vfgfsf] kL/f]kg ;xg sl7g
eO/x]sf] lyof] . cfhsf] a;ofqfdf kfgL k|z:t vfOPg5 eGg] dx;'; ePkl5 af]tnel/el/
kfgL e¥of}F . :yfgLo ;jf/L ;fwg, :yfgLo dflg;;Fusf] d'nfsft, :yfgLo vfgf /
:yfgLo kfgLn] xfdLnfO{ ofqfsf] jf:tljs cg'e"lt u/fpF5g\ eGg] d]/f] 7DofO 5
.
:yfgLo kfgL
vfg'df vt/f klg 5 . :yfgLo kfgL z'4 eOlbPg eg] k]6 u8a8 x'G5 / ofqf g} la6'lng
;S5 . t/ vt/f df]n]/ To;af6 lng] s'/f 5f8\g dg dfGb}g d]/f] . kGgfsf] kfgLsf]
:jfb O6x/Lsf] eGbf laNs'n km/s 5 . kGgfsf] / O6x/Lsf] s'/} 5f8f}F, O6x/Lsf]
kfgLsf] :jfb / O6x/fsf] kfgLsf] :jfbdf Psbd leGgtf 5 . hLjg bfh' eGg'x'G5–
æ;a}eGbf dL7f] kfgL ;ftd]8Lsf] xf] . cGoq hxfFsf] klg kfgL uGxfpF5 .Æ
xf] klg,
Ps}7fpFsf] kfgL nfdf] ;do;Dd vfof] eg] cGoqsf] kfgL uGxfpF5 . e"–ue{sf]
kfgLdf cg]s vlgh / nj0fx¿ ldl;gfn] :jfb / uGwdf cGt/ cfPsf] xf] .
kGgf ;x/sf] o;
a;kfs{df ;fj{hlgs rkL{ / :gfgu[xsf] kof{Kt k|aGw 5 . xfdLn] clns xtf/ ub{} tL
;'ljwfsf] klg k|of]u u¥of}F . a;kfs{df xfdLsxfF eg] kmf]xf]/L rkL{afx]s s]xL
x'Fb}gg\, xfdL slxn] ;'w|g] xf]nf, c¿af6 c;n cg'ej slxn] l;Sg] xf]nf, slxn]
xfdL ;Eotfsf] dfu{df lxF8\g] xf]nf <
j]0fL;fu/,
w/d;fu/, lg/kt;fu/h:tf cg]s tnfp, kxf8L l9:sfl9:sL / xl/of kmfF6d}bfgn]
;'zf]let of] ;x/ lgs} k'/fgf] xf] . j/k/sf jgdf xL/f / kGgf e]l6g] x'gfn] o;
;x/sf] dxŒj 7"nf] 5 .
vh'/fxf] hfg]
a;n] xfdLnfO{ af]nfOxfNof] .
af6fdf ljzfn hª\un
5 . of] hª\un af3 ;+/If0f If]q / /fhsLo xL/f pTvgg sfo{qmdsf] If]q klg xf] .
af6fdf xL/f pTvgg If]qlt/ hfg] ljzfn k|j]zåf/x¿ b]Vg ;lsG5 . ;j{;fwf/0f /
ko{6sx¿nfO{ oxfFsf] hª\undf cfkm"v';L k|j]z lglif4 5 . /fhdfu{df k}bnofqf
/ ;fOsndf ;jf/ x'g kfOFb}g . df]6/;fOsn / rf/kfª\u|]n] af6fdf st} /f]lsg
kfpFb}gg\ . s]xLa]/sf] ;fgf] l9:s] / 9nfg k/]sf] ækxf8Æ kf/ u/]kl5 kf08j
hnk|kft cfpF5 . 9'ª\u] lkFw ePsf] vf]nf] oxfF crfgs ulx/f] uN5Ldf emb{5 . kf08j
hnk|kftafx]s oxfF c¿ lgs}j6f ;fgfltgf 5x/f 5g\ . af6}af6 klg b]lvG5g\ b'O{–tLgcf]6f
5x/fx¿ t .
af6f] st} ;f]emf]
5 t kxf8L v08df of] lgs} 3'dfp/f] klg 5 . hª\un ;lsPkl5 clns afSnf] ufpF /
;fgfltgf ahf/ cfpF5g\ clg s]xLa]/df pQ/tkm{ aUg] xfd|f] ;Ktsf];Lhq} s]g gbL
cfpF5 . s]g gbLsf] axfj Psbd sd 5 . s]xL pQ/df afFw afFw]/ o;nfO{ hnfzo aGg]
u/L hdfOPsf] 5 . gbLlsgf/df ko{6s nf]Eofpg] l/hf]6{ xf]6n / u]:6 xfp;x¿ 5g\ .
xfdLn] tL ;a b[Zo a;sf] em\ofnaf6 x]/]/ lrQ a'emfpg'k¥of] .
s]xLa]/df ald7f
cfOk'Uof] . ald7f ahf/ xfdL cfO/x]sf] Ujflno/–k/;f]/f /fhdfu{ -g];gn xfOj] gDa/
&%_ df kg{] df]8 xf] hxfFaf6 xfdL /fhdfu{ 5f8]/ vh'/fxf]tkm{ df]l8G5f}F .
xfd|f] a; vh'/fxf];Dd g} hfg] x'gfn] oxfF Ps}l5g dfq /f]lsof] . oxfFaf6 pQ/tkm{
hfg] ;8s rf/ n]gsf] 5 . b'j} lsgf/ / aLrsf] cfONofG8df xfd|flt/ kfOg] s';'d
hftsf] ¿vh:tf 7"nf7"nf :yfgLo hftsf ¿vx¿ afSn} 5g\ . ;8s
xl/ofnLk"0f{ / vfN6fv'N6L/lxt 5 . ¿vx¿ ldnfP/ xfFuf sf6L ;'Gb/ cfsf/
lbOPsf 5g\ . af6fsf] k"j{kl§ xjfOd}bfg 5 . of] xjfOd}bfg vf;u/L vh'/fxf]
cfpg rfxg] ko{6sn] k|of]u u5{g\ . ev{/} emfF;L jf lrqs"6af6 oxfF;Dd cfpg]
/]ndfu{ klg v'n]sf] /x]5 . xfdL æ/fhf ozf]ad{g a; :6]G8Æ;Dd uof}F .
a;af6 cf]n{gf;fy
6]Dkf] l/he{ ul/xfNof}F . o; If]qsf] e|d0fsf nflu ;do Psbd ckof{Kt ePsfn] h]
;fwg e]l6G5 t'?Gt klqmxfNg'kYof]{ . t'?Gt 6]Dkf] r9]/ xfdL vh'/fxf]sf ko{6sLo
laGb'x¿tkm{ efluxfNof}F .
;j{k|yd vh'/
;fu/sf] lsgf/} lsgf/ jfdg dlGb/tkm{ uof}F . dlGb/ 7"nf] 5 . eJo 5 . t/ of]
dlGb/ x]g{ cfpg] dflg; w]/} lyPgg\, Psb'O{ :yfgLo o'jfo'jtL dfq lyP . jl/kl/
sDkfpG8 jfnn] 3]l/Psf] / ;fwf/0f km"naf/Lsf aLrsf] of] dlGb/ kf6gsf] xfd|f]
s[i0fdlGb/sf em}F eP klg clns 7"nf] / snfk"0f{ b]lvG5 . jfdgdlGb/
e|d0f ug'{kbf{ ;Ltf Psbd l/;fOg\ . pgn] elgg\– æolt 6f9faf6 olt b'Mvsi6 u/]/ o}
gfy' dlGb/ x]g{ Nofpg'ePsf] < cfpFbf–cfpFbf dnfO{ t wtL{sf] kNnf] 5]pd}
k'u]sf] cg'e"lt eO/x]sf] 5 . tkfO{Fn] vh'/fxf]df ko{6s g} ko{6s x'G5g\ eGg'ePsf]
x}g < v} t ko{6s <Æ
ko{6s lyPgg\ . o;
PSnf] dlGb/sf] kl/;/aflx/ k/k/;Dd v'Nnf afFemf] e"ld lyof] . ToxfF ;of}F
ufO{e}F;Lx¿ rl//x]sf lyP . ltgnfO{ x]b{} ;Ltfn] Joª\Uo ul/g\– æP, xf] /x]5 . p
M ko{6s g} ko{6s /x]5g\, ;a}lt/ .Æ
uLtx¿n] hLjgsf
/x:o / 36gfx¿sf] JofVof u5{g\, xfdLnfO{ pRr ;+j]usf] l:yltdf ;fy lbG5g\ /
hLjgsf /ªx¿l;t xfdLnfO{ tfbfTDo u/fpF5g\ . /lag zdf{sf] of] uLt wf]qf] :j/n] /ª\u
g 9ª\u;Fu d ufpg yfn]F–
dgsf ;a} af]emx¿
la;fOb]pm g laGtL
l/;fpFbf emg}
/fd|L l/;fOb]pm g laGtL =====..
pgsf] lgD7f] emf]Fs
em';L eof] . 5]pdf ePsf] eP Tof] l/; lalRsP/ xNsf d'8\sLdf ablng ;SYof] . wGg
pgsf 3'F8fn] oxfF;Dd cfP/ d'8\sL xfGg] cg'dlt lbPgg\ .
lxhf] lrqs"6sf
sfdtfgfysf] kl/qmdf, nId0f kxf8L, xg'dfgwf/f, clq–cg;"of, u'Ktuf]bfj/L
cflb hfFbf Psbd w]/} lxF8fO / l;F9L–r9fO k/]sfn] ;LtfnfO{ 3'F8fdf c;x\o kL8f
eO/x]sf] lyof] . pgnfO{ a;–6]Dkf]df r9\g–pqg klg Psbd si6 eO/x]sf] lyof] .
dWok|b]zsf] dWolbgsf] ;Kt;"o{em}F k|r08 3fdn] lg;fl:;g] u/L ;]ls/x]sf]
lyof] . ;a} ;d:of vlK6Psfn] g} xf], ;LtfnfO{ of] ;'g;fg dlGb/ b]Vtf Psbd emsf{]
nfu]sf] lyof] .
xfdL To;kl5
glhs}sf] csf{] dlGb/df k'Uof}F . pa8vfa8 af6fdf 6]Dkf] s'bfpFb} To;n] hjf/L
dlGb/df k'¥ofof] . Tof] klg ;'g;fg 7fpF /x]5 . dlGb/ Psbd ;'Gb/ 5, 7"n}
klg 5 t/ Tof] x]g{ w]/} dflg; cfPsf lyPgg\ .
æleq k:tf 9f]sf
nufP/ dfq cfpg'xf]nf .Æ ;'/IffsdL{n] dlGb/af6 s/fof] . 9f]sfleqsf]
km"naf/L / xl/of] 3fF; vfg j/k/ rl//x]sf ufO{a:t' k:g] x'gfn] ;'/IffsdL{n]
xfdLnfO{ To;f] eg]sf] /x]5 . s]xLa]/ o; dlGb/sf] ;'Gb/tfdf /dfof}F . cl3
jfdgdlGb/df r9\g grfx]sL ;Ltf oxfF eg] dfly r9]/ leq;Dd k'lug\ . xfdLn]
ToxfFaf6 b]lvg] c¿ lgs}j6f dlGb/x¿ x]¥of}F . laxfg rf/} ah] p7]/ lbge/ a;df
s'b]sfn] ylst eO;s]sf xfdLnfO{ k/k/sf tL dlGb/;Dd hfg] hfFu/ afFsL lyPg, ‘o:t}
t xf]nfg\ lg tL klg’ eGg] nfUof] . l56} ToxfFaf6 xfdL lg:Sof}F . k|j]zåf/af6
lg:sFbf Tof] ;'/IffsdL{ km]l/ s/fof]– ælg:sFbf u]6 nufOlbg'xf]nf x} .Æ
cln klt{/sf]
s'/f, ufpF afSnf] lyof] / 3/x¿ x]bf{ cToGt k'/fgf clg cJojl:yt nfUy] . oL 3/x¿
kz'kfns, ;fgf Jofkf/L / ls;fgsf x'g;S5g\ eGg] nfu]/ d}n] ;f]w]F– æof] ufpFsf]
gfd s] xf] < oxfFsf dflg;sf] d'Vo k];f s] xf] <Æ
æof] a|Xdfk'/jf
ufpF xf] . oxfF 3/3/df gfd'b sfl/u/x¿ 5g\ . ljZjnfO{ rlst kfg{] vh'/fxf] dlGb/x¿sf]
dd{t / k'glg{df{0fdf logLx¿sf] Ps5q /fh 5 .Æ 8«fOe/n] eGof] .
vh'/;fu/sf]
lsgf/df a|Xdf dlGb/ /x]5 . eujfg\ a|Xdfsf] dlGb/ /fh:yfgsf] k'is/df k"lht
eP klg oxfFsf] o; ;fgf] dlGb/df k"hfcfhf ul/Fbf] /x]g5 . e8\lsnf] n'uf
nufPsf Ps hf]8L o'jf k|]dLx¿ dlGb/sf] ;'g;fgdf cFufnf] df/L k|]dfnfkdf dUg b]lvP
. 8«fOe/n] eGof]– æx]gf{];\ g, ca ef/t lalu|of] .Æ
vh'/;fu/ x]bf{
s'g} ;fu/h:tf] geP/ cnkq 5f8]sf] xf]rf] / sfd gnfUg] hldg nfU5 . kfgL Psbd sd 5
/ lxnfdf hns'DeL / a];dL{ emf/ km}lnPsf 5g\ . e}F;Lx¿ k;]/ cfxfn v]n]h:tf] u/L
lxnf] rnfPsf] klg b]lvof] . Psbd a]:ofxf/ / kmf]xf]/ 5 of] ;fu/ . ;fu/sf]
blIf0fL s'gfdf 3G6fO{ dlGb/ /x]5 . of] klg a]:ofxf/sf sf/0f emf/ pd|]/ s'¿k
b]lvof] . of] rflxF h}g dlGb/ xf] . hjf/L dlGb/af6 b]lvPsf dlGb/x¿ klg x]g{
nfos 5g\ eGb} lyof] 6]Dkf]jfnf, xfdL æeOuf], gx]g]{Æ eg]/ Totf uPgf}F . 3G6fO{nfO{
bfofF kf/]/ xfdL ufGwLrf]s x'Fb} k"j{blIf0f nfUof}F .
æof] b'Nxfb]j
dlGb/ xf] . lax] u/]s} ;fn gjb'nxLnfO{ a]x'nfn] oxfF Nofpg] rng 5 .
b'nfxf–b'nxLn] b'Nxfb]jsf] k"hf u5{g\, wgwfGo–;'v;Gtfgsf nflu .Æ Pp6f
cgf}7f] vf]nfsf] lsgf/df 6]Dkf] /f]s]/ xfdLnfO{ cf]/fn]/ xfd|f] 6]Dkf] 8«fOe/n]
eGof] .
æof] s'/f ghfg]sf]
eP klg wGg d}n] ltdLnfO{ lnP/ cfPF5' .Æ ;Ltflt/ x]b{} d}n] lxGbLdf eg]F,
8«fOe/n] klg a'emf];\ eg]/ . 8«fOe/ d';'Ss d':sfof] . ;Ltfsf] d'8\sLrflxF d]/f]
s'ddf ‘NofG8’ u¥of] . OGb| ;/ Psbd hf]8n] xfF:g'eof] . cln klt{/
zflGtk"j{s plePsf dflg; em:s] . dlGb/nfO{ k5fl8 kf/]/ kmf]6f] lvrfO/x]sf
dflg;n] klg s] ePsf] xf] eg]/ k5fl8 kmsL{ xfdLnfO{ x]g{ yfn] .
s]xL gePsf]
a'em]kl5 t'?Gt} tL ;a cfkm\gf–cfkm\gf sfddf nfu] .
b'Nxfb]j dlGb/
jfdg jf hjf/L dlGb/sf] eGbf ;+/lIft /x]5 . dlGb/sf] kvf{nsf] leqL / aflx/L
leQfdf ptfsf dlGb/sf em}F nfvf}F d"lt{ s'FlbPsf 5g\ . b]jtf, pgLx¿sf jfxg
ag]sf kz'x¿ / eSthgx¿sf n:s/ . aflx/ Psbd km/flsnf] 7fpFdf xl/of] rp/ lyof] .
dlGb/ / ljzfn kfs{h:tf] nfUg] To; rp/;Fu} xfdLn] s]xL kmf]6f] lvRof}F .
dlGb/sf] 5]j}df
Ps 7fpFdf km"n km'n]sf lyP . km'n]sf km"ng]/ xl/of] e'OFdf ;Ltf YofRr
al;g\ . pgn] To; xl/of] kl/;/df k|;Gg d'b|fdf a;]sf] kmf]6f] lvr]F .
To; dlGb/df
k"hfcfhf ug{] rng ePh:tf] nfu]g dnfO{ . dlGb/df Pp6f ;'/IffsdL{ lyof] .
b]jtfsf] d"lt{sf] kfpdf s]xL l;Ssf r9fOPsf lyP .
;a} cjnf]sg
ul/;s]kl5 aflx/ lg:s]/ xfdL O:6g{ u|'k ckm 6]DkN;sf] d'Vo v08lt/ nfUof}F . otf
h}gx¿sf dfq dlGb/ 5g\ . l6s6 sf6]/ k:of}F . ToxfF cflbgfy, kfZj{gfy, g]ldgfy,
zflGtgfy, dxfjL/ / cGo tLy{ª\s/sf lgs}j6f dlGb/x¿ Ps;] Ps ;'Gb/ / ljzfn /x]5g\
. ;a}lt/ /fd|/L 3'ld;Sg t Ps–8]9 lbg nfUg] /x]5 . otfrflxF k|frLg Ogf/ /
dlGb/x¿sf] ;+/If0fsf nflu w]/} nufgL ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .
otf klg ko{6sx¿
vf;} b]lvPgg\ . t/ ;Ltfsf] dg ca k|km'Nn eO;s]sf] lyof] . ;a} h}g dlGb/ s8f
vfnsf] sfnf] 9'ª\ufn] ag]sf lyP / k|To]s 9'ª\ufdf sfl/u/Lsf] ljlrq gd'gf / lzNk
k|blz{t x'GYof] . ;j{q snfTds dlGb/ b]v]kl5 ;Ltfsf] cfZro{ Psbd al9;s]sf] lyof]
. pgdf jfdg dlGb/ b]Vtf pTkGg l/; / lbSbf/L w]/} k/ eflu;s]sf] lyof] . OGb| ;/
/ sdnf Dofd r'krfk kmf]6f] / lel8of] lngdf Jo:t x'g'x'GYof] . d}bfgL ;+;f/df 9'ª\ufsf
olt w]/}, olt 7"nf, olt snfTds / ;'Gb/ dlGb/ slxn] / s;/L ag], pxfFx¿
lj:dosf] e'd/Ldf km:g'ePsf] lyof] . otfsf] ;'Gb/tfn] xfd|f oxfF
cfOk'u'Gh]n;Ddsf ;a} si6 lanfP/ uO;s]sf lyP .
dlGb/x¿ 3'ld;s]/
aflx/ ljzfn cfFugdf kms{]kl5 xfdL Pp6f a]Grdf a:of}F . df};d Psbd ablnPsf]
lyof] . kfgL l56ØfP/ xfdLnfO{ lehfpg yfNof] . kfgL k/]/ xfd|f] sfo{qmd Psbd
g/fd|/L layf]lng nfu]sf] b]lvof] . clu l56ØfO/x]sf] kfgL t ca bs{g kf] yfNof] .
ca s;f] ug{] xf], d lrlGtt x'g yfn]F . xfdL x:ofªkm:ofª ub{} ;ª\u|xfnodf k:of}F
. of] h}g ;ª\u|xfno ;fgf] 5 . s]xLa]/ ;ª\u|xfnoleqsf d"lt{x¿ cjnf]sg u¥of}F
.
aflx/ lg:sFbf
kfgL yfldO;s]sf] /x]5 .
))))
vh'/fxf]df
k|]d
vh'/fxf]sf]
k"jL{ efudf h}g dlGb/ / klZrdL efudf lxGb" dlGb/ 5g\ . klZrdL efusf
dlGb/x¿nfO{ æj]:6g{ u'|k ckm 6]DkN;Æ eg]/ gfd lbOPsf] 5 . xfdL klZrdL efudf
k'Ubf d"nåf/cufl8 ef/tLo / ljb]zL ko{6sx¿sf] eL8 lyof] . ko{6snfO{
cfslif{t ug{ So'l/of] / sf];]nLx¿sf cg]s bf]sfg lyP . otf xf]6n, ls/fgf k;n,
cf}iflw k;n / c¿ w]/} vfnsf k;n lyP . km'6kfy] / 8'n'jf k;n] klg lgs} b]lvP .
dflg;x¿sf] cfjthfjt oxfF 3gLe"t 9ª\udf eO/x]sf] lyof] .
l6s6 sf6]/ leq
k:of}F . cg]s b]jLb]jtfsf dlGb/x¿ /x]5g\ . j/fx, nId0f, lzj, b'uf{, hubDaL,
lrqu'Kt / cg]s b]jLb]jtfsf dlGb/ 5g\ oxfF . j/fx dlGb/ / c¿ s'g}s'g} dlGb/ clns
;fgf 5g\ . t/ sfl/u/L, jf:t'lzNk / lgdf{0f;fdu|Lsf] k|of]udf sxLFst} ;Demf}tf
u/]sf] b]lvFb}g . ;d'b|kf/sf ko{6sx¿sf] WofgrflxF oxfFsf] nId0f dlGb/n] lvr]sf]
b]lvof] . nId0f dlGb/sf leQfx¿df of}g–;dfudsf cg]s cf;gx¿, ;fd"lxs d}y'g, d'vd}y'g,
x:td}y'g, kz'udg / c¿ cg]s of}gljifos lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ldlxg lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 . 9'ª\ufsf
kvf{nel/ of}gk/s ultljlwsf] ;'Gb/ lzNksfl/tfn] ef/tLo of}glj1fg, of}gdgf]lj1fg,
sf]szf:q / of}gsf] bfz{lgs–cfWoflTds JofVof lrq0f ub{5 .
xfdLn] cjfs\ eP/
Ps–Ps dlGb/ x]l//x\of}F . k|To]s dlGb/ Ps;] Ps 5g\ . ;+;f/el/af6 dflg;x¿ lsg
oxfF e]nf ePsf 5g\, a'lemxflnG5 . s]xLa]/kl5 hubDaLsf] dlGb/sf] b}nfg]/ uP/
;Ltf cf/fd u/]/ al;g\ . pgL o;} kl/j]zsL Ps lx:;f b]lvOg\ . pgL ePkl5 of] :ju{
k"0f{ ePsf] 5, h;/L pgL ePkl5 d]/f] hLjg k"0f{ ePsf] 5 .
oxfFaf6 ;fd'Gg]sf]
nId0f dlGb/, pQ/sf] sGbfl/of dxfb]j dlGb/, blIf0fsf] lrqu'Kt dlGb/, k/sf rt'e'{h
dlGb/ / gGbL dlGb/sf] df]xdf k/]/ d cfkm\gf] hLjgsf ;a} /x/x¿, 8/x¿, cfzfx¿,
;kgfx¿, aGwgx¿ / afWotfx¿sf] ef/L oxLF la;fO{ xNsf eP/ lglg{d]if Psf]xf]l/Psf]
5' . hLjg ljlrqsf] 5, lxhf];Dd vh'/fxf] d]/f] hLjgdf lyPg t/ o;sf] cefj klg
lyPg, t/ ca < ca vh'/fxf] ePsf] 5' d, gq crfgs olt wgL s;/L x'g ;S5' <
rf}/df ljr/0f
ul//x]sf dflg;x¿ cfkm\gf 3/–3/tkm{ hfg cGsgfO/x]sf 5g\ .
dnfO{ dl:tissf]
Ps s'gfn] elg/x]sf] 5– ælbg]z Û t]/f] 6f]nLn]
cfh oxfFaf6 l56} lg:s]/ ;tgf k'Ug' 5 . clg /fte/ 6«]gdf r9]/ hnufFj k'uL ;f] ;x/sf] z'e]R5f a6'Ng' 5 . ptf chGtf ltdLx¿nfO{ k|tLIff ul//x]sf] 5 . t/ dg ljlrqsf] x''Fbf] /x]5, ;w}F dhL{sf]
dflns x'F eG7fGg] d, cfh o;sf] bf; ag]/ oxfF r'krfk plePsf] 5' . nId0f dlGb/sf]
k5fl8, lrqu'Kt dlGb/sf] pQ/kl§ hubDaL dftfsf] dlGb/sf] 5fofdf hLjgsf] ult 6Ss
/f]lsPsf] 5 . ;a} sNkgfx¿, /ªx¿, ¿kx¿ / cfsf/x¿ PsLs[t eP/ vh'/fxf] ag]sf 5g\ .
ptf nId0fdlGb/sf
leQfn] of}gsf] ;fj{sflnstf, ;fj{hgLgtf, ;j{Jofkstf ;d]6]sf 5g\ . oxfF gcfO{
s;}n] a'em\g ;St}g of}gsf ;Dk"0f{ cfofdx¿ . xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5, of}g k|]dsf]
hggL xf], of}g ljZjf;, cf:yf / hLjgsf] cf/De xf], of}g ;[li6sf] d"n xf],
of}g hLjgsf] k|s6Ls/0f xf] . t/ zAbftLt kl/efiff / JofVof t oxfFsf leQfx¿n] dfq
ug{;S5g\ .
ævh'/fxf]
tfhdxnsf em}F k|]dsf] lghL cg'e"lt xf]Og, vh'/fxf] sfd;"qsf]
d"lt{sfl/tf dfq xf]Og . vh'/fxf]df lrlqt of}gfrf/ dflg;sf bldt
of}gflenfiffsf cleJolSt xf]Ogg\ . of}gsfo{{ oxfF O{Zj/;]jfsf] ¿kdf cleJoSt 5 .
of}gsf af/]df j}lbs ;gftgwdL{ bfz{lgs JofVof xf] vh'/fxf] . ;f/df eGbf, of}gsf]
k"jL{o bfz{lgs tyf cfWoflTds JofVof x'g\ oL sfd;"qLo d"lt{snfx¿
.Æ d}n] ;LtfnfO{ eg]F .
æx'g t sfdjf;gf
jf sfdsnfaf6 k|fKt b}lxs ;'v b}jL pkxf/ xf] . t/ O{Zj/;]jf ug'{ hLjgsf] Psdfq
Wo]o agfPsfx¿n] sfdnfO{ ;Gtfgf]TklQsf nflu dfq ckgfpF5g\ .Æ d}n] km]l/ yk]F .
ætkfO{F / d oltsf
jif{ ;Fu} 5f}F, ;Fu} g} cfPsf xf}F oxfF;Dd . tkfO{F o;cl3 slxNo} oxfF
cfpg'ePsf] lyPg . t/ s;/L tkfO{Fn] af6f] st} ge'nLsg dfgjl;h{gfsf] o; ;jf{]Qd,
;jf{]Rr lglwsf] cufl8 NofOk'¥ofpg ;Sg'eof] dnfO{ < s;/L o; :yfgsf] af/]df
;Kk} yfxf kfpg'eof] < s;/L oL k|To]s dlGb/sf] bfz{lgs JofVof yfxf kfpg'eof]
< s'g zlSt, tŒj jf s]n] tkfO{FnfO{ oxfF;Dd 8f]¥ofof] <Æ ;'?df jfdg dlGb/
hfFbfsL ;Ltf lyOgg\ logL ca . pgsf] dgleq jfdg dlGb/ klg ca jf:tljs :j¿kdf
cfO;s]sf] lyof] . vh'/fxf]sf oL cg'kd dlGb/x¿sf] k|ToIf cjnf]sgaf6 logsf] dgleq
;'vb lj:dosf] sqf] x'G8/L dlRrof], dk|lt logsf] slt k|]d ylkof], k|:6 lyof] .
oxfF;Dd NofP/ hLjgsf pbfQtf;Fu ;fIffTsf/ u/fPsfk|lt pgL s[t1tfefjdf t}/g;d]t
g;Sg] u/L r'n'{Dd 8'a]sL lyOg\ . pgsf k|Zgx¿ pQ/sf nflu lyPgg\, tL d]/f] ?lr /
vf]hk|lt k|s6 ul/Psf k|]ddo r'Dag / cflnª\ug lyP .
d d';'Ss d':sfPF
. d}n] e'OFlt/ x]b{} ;fgf] :j/df pQ/ lbPF– æk|]d .Æ
a]n'sf x'Fb}
uPsf] lyof] / df};d ;fFRr} d'nfod lyof] . xfd|f ysfg, ef]sltvf{ / gofF 7fpFdf
k'Ubf x'g] clgZroefj r]tgfsf] s'g} cª\s';]n] ge]6\g] u/L 6f9f lyP . vh'/fxf] ca
;+;f/sf] s]Gb| ePsf] lyof] / xfdL a;]sf] hubDaLb]jLsf] dlGb/sf] k6fª\lugL
vh'/fxf]sf] s]Gb| ePsf] lyof] . d}n] ;Ltfsf] cg'xf/df x]/]F– v';Ln] pgsf]
cg'xf/ wkSs an]sf] lyof] . pgL ;+;f/sL ;a}eGbf ;'vL / ;'Gb/L gf/L b]lvOg\ .
æca lxF8f}F .Æ
d}n] lgs}a]/kl5 dg gnfuL–gnfuL eg]F .
OGb| ;/ / sdnf
Dofd tn rp/df otfptf kmf]6f] / lel8of] lngdf Jo:t x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFx¿ eP7fpF
k'u]kl5 d}n] km]l/ eg]F– æca lxF8f}F .Æ
xfdL rf/}hgf
l3;||Fb} lg:sg nfUof}F . d"nåf/df ev{/ cfOk'u]sfx¿ k:g] / 3'ld;s]sfx¿
lg:sg] ul//x]sf lyP, h;/L ;+;f/df cfudg / alxu{dgsf] rqm rln/x]sf] 5 . ;+;f/df
cfpFbf dflg; ?Fb} cfpF5 / o;nfO{ 5f8\g] a]nfdf klg pm v';L;fy 5f8\g tof/ x'Fb}g
.
oxfFsf ;ls{6
xfp;, Do'lhod, k|]d;fu/ tnfp cflb b]Vg} gkfO{ lxF8\g'kl/xfNof] . blIf0fL
;d"xsf dlGb/x¿;d]t x]g{ EofOPg, c¿sf] s] s'/f . d ;w}F lu|;]nL pvfg
;DemG5'– cf;{ nf]ª\uf efO6f a|f]l;;, cyf{t\ snf -l;Sg'kg{] s'/f_ w]/} 5, hLjg
5f]6f] 5 .
nShdau{sf s]xL ko{6sx¿
ev{/ k:g nfu]sf lyP . d}n] ltgLx¿;Fu ;Ltf xfF:t} plePsf] kmf]6f] lvr]F .
aflx/ lg:s]kl5
xfdLn] To; :yfg;Fu ;DalGwt Ps–b'O{ k'l:tsf, Ps–b'O{ ;fgfltgf pkxf/ / tTsfn
cfjZos kg{] s]xL ;fdfg lsGof}F . clg 6]Dkf]jfnfnfO{ kmf]g u/]/ af]nfPF– ænf},
xfdL 3'ld;s]/ aflx/ lg:s]sf 5f}F . xfdL lzj;fu/ tnfpsf] k"jL{ v08df ;8sd}
pleO/x]sf 5f}F .Æ
æd glhs} kfls{ª
u/]/ a;]sf] 5' . cfOxfn]F .Æ p;n] eGof] . xfdL emf]nf af]s]/ ;8slsgf/df
pleO;Stf 6]Dkf] klg cfOxfNof] .
ætkfO{Fsf] 3/
sxfF xf] lg <Æ d}n] xfd|f] 6]Dkf]jfnf;Fu p;sf] hLjgsf Ps–b'O{ s'/f hfGg
rfx]F .
æoxLF xf] . glhs}
5 . kx/fk'/jf xf] xfd|f] ufpF . /fg] hnk|kftsf] gfd t ;'Gg'ePs} xf]nf . ToxfF
hfg] af6}df 5 . /fg] hnk|kft x]g{ ;+;f/el/af6 cfpF5g\ dflg;x¿ . oxL xf] /fg]
hnk|kft x]g{] ;a}eGbf pQd df};d . ef/tsf] u|fG8 s]Gof]g xf] of], tkfO{Fx¿ oxfF
cfP/ klg lsg Tof] gx]/L hfg nfUg'ePsf] <Æ
ætkfO{Fsf] ufpFsf
dflg;df s] 5 ljz]iftf <Æ
æxfd|f] ufpFsf
k|To]s k'?ifnfO{ 9f]ns, xfdf]{lgod cflb ;a} afhf ahfpg cfpF5 . k|To]s k'?if
jfBjfbs xf] / k|To]s gf/L uflosf xf] xfdLsxfF, / k|To]s dflg; gt{s xf] . ljZjgfy
pT;jsf] a]nfdf xfd|f] ufpF cfpgf];\, s:tf] /dfOnf] x'G5 Û clg /fg] hnk|kft x]g{ k'Ug'xf]nf To;}a]nf . s]g gbLdf du/dR5 x]g{ klg
ef/tel/sf dfG5] e]nf x'G5g\ . oxfFsf du/dR5 Psbd 7"nf / cfqmfds x'G5g\ .
al/of/k'/df ljzfn afFw afFlwPsf] 5, s]g gbLdf . ToxfF hnljxf/ ug{, gbLlsgf/sf
ufpFdf jf; a;]/ a'Gb]nv08sf] hLjg ef]Ug hf] klg nfnflot x'G5 .Æ
ætkfO{Fsf] ufpF
cfpg}kg{] 7fpF nfUof] .Æ
æx/]s ufpFsf]
PsPs ljz]iftf 5 oxfF . lbljofk'/jfsf k|To]s dflg; d"lt{sf/ x'g\, xlsdk'/fsf]
k|To]s k'?if 8fS6/ xf], gfd g} xlsdk'/f . crgf/rflxF xfdLh:t} 8«fOe/x¿sf] ufpF
xf] . e'n]/fsf k|To]s dflg; l;g]dfdf v]N5g\ . e'n]/f ufpFaf6 lxGbL lkmNddf
krf;eGbf a9Ln] lx/f]–lx/f]Og eP/ v]ln;s] . dlnsf jdf{, s[lt k'/j}of, jf?0fL u'Ktf,
dLgfIfL u'Ktf, e/t a'Gb]nv08L, k|jL0f u'Ktf / cldt ld>fsf] gfd t ;'Gg'ePs}
xf]nf . alnj'8sf tL gfd'b lx/f]–lx/f]Og ;a e'n]/f ufpFs} x'g\ . logLx¿n] t]n'u'
/ tldn lkmNddf klg v]n]sf 5g\ . lk|of u'KtfrflxF al/of/k'/sL x'g\ . xfd|f] kx/fk'/jfrflxF
ehgsLt{gsf nflu gfd'b 5 . xfdLn] ehgsLt{g ufPsf] lel8of] o'6Ø'adf x]g'{xf]nf .
xfd|f] ufpFsf w]/}h;f] dflg; 6'l/:6 ufO8 / 8«fOleªdf 5f}F . ptf aGb/u9sf ;a}
dflg; So'l/of]–k;n] 5g\, k|tfkk'/f, lenf, lrt/fO{, adgf]/f, pbok'/f, v]8f /
nfv]8Lsf klg cfkm\g} kl/ro 5g\ . s'g} ufpF afh8Lsf] dL7f] kl/sf/sf nflu gfd'b
5g\, s'g} e}F;Lsf] b"w–bxLsf nflu t s'g} ufpF sk8f l;nfpg] 6]n/–df:6/Lsf
nflu gfd'b 5g\ . afa'afh]sf kfnfb]lvsf] OHht xf], wfGg}k¥of] lg, x}g / <Æ
p;n] ;uj{ eGof] .
a; :6]G8 cfOxfNof]
. 6]Dkf]jfnfn] labf ugf{;fy a;df r9]/ ald7f k'Uof}F . ald7fdf ;tgf hfg] a; l7Ss
k/]sf] /x]5 .
a;df r9]kl5
xfdLnfO{ aNn Psvfn] km';{t ldNof] . OGb| ;/ Ps}l5gkl5 d a;]sf] 7fpFg]/
cfpg'eof] . d}n] pxfFnfO{ klg vh'/fxf]sf] Oltxf; / dxŒj atfpg' cfjZos b]v]F .
d}n] eg]F– æljZj;Dkbf ;"rLdf /x]sf vh'/fxf] dlGb/x¿ emfF;Laf6 !&%
lsnf]ld6/ blIf0fdf 5g\ . vh'/fxf] dlGb/x¿ lxGb" tyf h}g jf:t'lzNksf gd'gf
x'g\ . gfu/–z}nLdf ag]sf oL ;+/rgf lgdf{0fdf k|o'St k|tLsjfb, cnª\sf/jfb / sfdzf:qLo
lrq0fsf sf/0f ljZjk|l;4 5g\ .
æof] e"efu
slxNo} s'g} /fhj+zsf] /fhwfgL ;x/ jf Jofkfl/s s]Gb| lyPg . t/ oxfFsf
snfk"0f{ dlGb/ b]Vtf xfdLn] cfZro{n] lha|f] 6f]Sg'k¥of] . afx|f}F ztfAbLsf
k|df0fx¿n] oxfF aL; ju{lsnf]ld6/ If]qdf *% j6f dlGb/ ag]sf atfP klg ca 5
ju{lsnf]ld6/sf] 3]/fdf @% j6f dfq afFsL 5g\, c¿ dlGb/x¿ sfnv08sf] ue{df x/fP
xf]nfg\\ . ;a} dlGb/ O:jL ;+jt\ (%) b]lv !)%) sf] aLrdf rf08]nfj+zL /fhfx¿n]
agfpg nufPsf x'g\ .Æ
æToltsf w]/} d"lt{sf/x¿
rflxF sxfFaf6 cfP xf]nfg\ oxfF < cfh t olt kftnf] a:tL 5, p;a]nf t emg\=====
.Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
æoxfFsf] k|To]s
dflg; d"lt{sf/ xf] cfh klg . al/of/k'/, ald7f / /fhgu/sf dflg;x¿sf] d'Vo
k];f g} d"lt{sfl/tf xf] . O6x/L gu/kflnsfdf h'g d]rLsfnL kf]v/L 5 lg,
To;sf] klZrdL lsgf/df b'O{hgf yf¿x¿sf] d"lt{ 5 . gu/kflnsf ejgkl/;/ /
kf]v/Lsf hUufbftfsf d"lt{ x'g\ tL . tL b'O{sf] d"lt{ agfpg vh'/fxf]s}
snfsf/n] ;3fPsf] /] .Æ
æs;/L oxfFsf]
snfsf/ O6x/L k'Uof] xf]nf / <Æ
æTo; snfsf/nfO{
O6x/Lsf snfsf/ ljqmdl>n] lemsfpg'ePsf] /] .Æ ;To s] xf] yfxf ePg, t/ d}n]
;'g]sf] rflxF s] xf] eg] vh'/fxf]sf ;fdfGo dhb'/ klg s'zn sflnu8 5g\ .
OGb| ;/nfO{ of]
ts{ljts{ vf;} k|f;ª\lus nfu]g5 Sof/, pxfFn] eGg'eof]– æTof] s'/f ToxLF 5f8f}F,
a? oxfFsf] af/]df g} eGgf];\ g .Æ
æp;a]nf of]
e"efu vh'/x¿sf] hª\un lyof] /] . dfgj a:tLaf6 Psbd 6f9f 3g3f]/ hª\unsf]
aLrdf o:tf dlGb/ agfOPsf] Oltxf; ;+;f/df cGoq st} 5}g . dflg;x¿n] cfkm\gf
b]jtfx¿sf] k"hf / k|fy{gf ug{] :yfg cfkm\gf] ;x/, ufpF jf glhssf] kxf8dfly
agfPsf 5g\ . t/ oxfF t pgLx¿sf] /fhwfgL ;x/ dxf]afaf6 k}FtL; lsnf]ld6/ k/sf]
lgh{g jgdf agfOP . tL klg Psb'O6f xf]Og, krf;Lj6f o:tf cb\e't sfl/u/Lsf gd'gf .
dlGb/x¿sf ue{u[x e"ldut 5g\ / sltko 9'ª\ufx¿ aL; 6g;Ddsf 5g\ .
jf:t'lzNksf] a]hf]8 gd'gf t x'Fb} xf], cfWoflTds r]tsf] snfsf}zndfkm{t cleJolSt
ct'ngLo 5, cfZro{ o;}df 5 . vh'/fxf] zflGtk"0f{ ;xcl:tTj, ;lxi0f'tf / ljZjaGw'Tjsf]
cg'kd b[i6fGt xf] . k|lt:kwL{ lxGb" / h}g wd{x¿sf aLr zflGtk"0f{
;xjf;, ;lxi0f'tf, ;xcl:tTj / ;xof]uk"0f{ ;xsfo{sf] gd'gf xf] of] .Æ o'–6g{
eG5g\ lg, s'/f kmgSs} df]8\g'nfO{, d}n] klg ukmsf] ljifonfO{ o'–6g{ lbPF .
æa'Gb]nv08
e"uf]nsf] efiff, ;+:s[lt, klxrfg / l;ª\uf] ;Eotf lgdf{0fdf rf08]nfj+zL /fhfx¿sf]
of]ubfg 7"nf] 5 . k|frLg tyf dWoo'uLg ;flxTodf a'Gb]nv08nfO{ lhemf]6L,
lhhf]sfx'tL tyf lhhf]se'lSt elgGYof] . o; v08df sfGos'Ahsf u'h{/–k|ltxf/
/fhj+zn] lgo'St u/]sf dxf;fdGtx¿n] zf;g ub{} cfPsf lyP . rf08]nfx¿ ;'?df ltg}
sfGos'AhL zf;ssf k|ltlglw lyP . /fhf ozf]ad{gn] o; /fHonfO{ sfGos'Ah cyf{t\ cfhsf]
sGgf}haf6 :jtGqtf lbnfPsf x'g\ .Æ
dnfO{ yfxf lyof],
d}n] vh'[/fxf]sf af/]df hlt eg] klg To; e"ldsf] cfTdf lrgfpg ;s]sf] lyOgF
.
))))
;tgfsf]
Kn]6kmfd{
a;af6 cf]n{]/ 6]Dkf] r9L /]nj] :6];g cfOk'Ubf a]n'sfsf] ;jf gf} ah]sf]
lyof] . k/}b]lv nfp8l:ks/ s/fO/x]sf] lyof]– æofqLu0f Û s[kof Wofg lbg'xf]nf . kmnfgf 7fpFb]lv cfpg] kmnfgf] 6«]g olt ah] kmnfgf Kn]6kmd{df cfpFb} 5 ÛÆ cª\u|]hL /
lxGbLdf Tof] lg/Gt/ s/fO/xGYof] . o;} ss{z cfjfhn] /]nj] :6];gdf cfOk'u]sf]
cg'e"lt x'GYof] . ;LtfnfO{ /]nofqfsf] ;a}eGbf dg gkg{] kIf oxL emsf{]nfUbf]
dfOs xf], dnfO{ rflxF o; cfjfhn] d ofqfdf 5' eGg] r]tgf lapFemfpg] x'gfn]
/fd|f] nfU5 .
laxfg lrqs"6df xNsf lrofgf:tf l6k]/ lxF8]kl5 P3f/ ah]lt/ kGgfdf
cfP/ vfgf vfOPsf] xf], To;kl5 t kfgL vfFb} lbge/ vh'/fxf] 3'Db}df laltxfNof] .
vh'/fxf]df vfhf vfg];Dd ;do lgsfNg hflgPg . ald7fdf a; r9]kl5 aNn cfkm";Fu
ePsf] vfhf / kfgL vfg EofPsf lyof}F . cfhsf] ofqf Psbd} xtf/f] / bf}8w'ksf]
ePsf] lyof] . o;} t lxhf]sf] ysfgn] n:t eOPs} lyof] cfh t a;n] 9S9SofP/ /
w]/}lt/ 3'd]/ Psbd lzlyn / a]r}g ag]sf lyof}F .
;tgf cfOk'u]kl5
eg] xfdLnfO{ Psbd km';{t ldNof] . Kn]6kmfd{sf] v'nf 7fpFdf Pp6f kª\vfd'lg cfkm";Fu ePsf e'OFdf cf]5\ofpg] Knfl:6s / tGgf lkmFhfP/
Psfkl§ OGb| ;/ / sdnf Dofd clg csf{]kl§ ;Ltf / d a:of}F . xNsf udL{ eP klg
u'gf;f] ul//xg'kg{] u/L lyPg . Kn]6kmfd{df dflg;sf] afSnf] cfjthfjt lyof] . ca
vfglkg ug'{ h?/L lyof] t/ yfs]sf x'gfn] cfkm\gf kf]sfk'Gt'/f em'G8\ofpFb}
glhssf] xf]6ndf hfg] hfFu/ xfdLdf afFsL lyPg . c¿ lgs} ofqL Kn]6kmd{sf] ;f]xL
v'nf :yfgdf wdfwd vfO/x]sf lyP . vfg]s'/f NofP/ oxLF vfg] of]hgf aGof] xfd|f]
klg .
;tgfsf] o;
Kn]6kmfd{df ofq'dfq xf]Og cg]svfn] dflg; hDdf ePsf x'G5g\ . ;fdfg a]Rg] 8'n'jf
a]kf/L, levf/L, rf]/ / 7u . cfkm\gf] 5]pdf d}nfw}nf n'uf nufPsf] lszf]/ cfof]
eg] s'/f a'em] x'G5 o;n] xfd|f xn'ª\uf jf xft] emf]nf km'Q vf];]/ 6fk s:g rfn
rln/x]sf] 5 . logLx¿ x'F8f/h:t} vtgf{s l;sf/L x'G5g\ . lrl6Ss k/]sf / sf]6–6fO{
nufPsf klg rf]/ x'Fbf /x]5g\ .
xfdLn]
emf]nfem\ofD6f e'OFdf /fv]kl5 o:tf rf]/x¿af6 arfpg c¿ ofq'n] em}F Pp6f
emf]nfsf] t'gfdf csf{] emf]nf clg csf{] emf]nf afFWof}F . ef/tsf] laxf/, o'kL,
klZrd aª\ufndf ofqf ubf{ olt ;fjwfgL ckgfpg hflgPg eg] oL :jod\;]jL rt'/ o'jfx¿n]
xfdLnfO{ emf]nf af]Sg ;3fOxfNg]5g\ . 6«]gleq klg slxn]sfxLF o:tf emf]nf l6Kg]
rf]/sf] laulauL x'G5 . otflt/ lgoldt ¿kdf ofqf ug{]x¿n] cfkm\gf] emf]nfdf ;fgf]
kmnfd] l;qmL nufP/ 6«]gsf] s'g} 8G8Ldf cNemfO{ tfnf nufP/ emf]nfnfO{ ufO{a:t'
afFw]em}F afFW5g\ .
clg xfdL ToxLF
a;]/ vfg nfUof}F . dfUg]x¿ cfpg yflnxfn] .
æxh'/ Û d a"9f] dflg;, b'O{ lbgb]lv ef]s} 5', s]xL t vfg lbg'xf];\ . P
bofn' xh'/ Û d]/L o; b'O{ jif{sL 5f]/Ln] laxfgb]lv
s]xL vfg kfPsL 5}g . P d]/f dflns Û d ckfª\u 5', bof
ug'{xf];\ . Dof8d Û xh'/nfO{
eujfg\n] x]g{]5g\ . xh'/sf] sNof0f xf];\ . wg;DklQ, oz–P]Zjo{ k|fKt xf];\ . Ps 6'qmf] /f]6L kfpmF xh'/ ÛÆ
d'vdf k'¥ofPsf]
/f]6Lsf] 6'qm}g]/ ltgLx¿sf l/Qf xft km}lnG5g\ . 6'n'6'n' x]5{g\ . lrRofpF5g\ .
cg]s gf6s u5{g\ . 3fpvl6/f cfPsf / l3gnfUbf levf/Lx¿ 5]p5]pdf cfP/ ltgsf]
z/L/af6 cfpg] gfs} 5]8\nf eg]h:tf] b'u{Gw jftfj/0fdf km}nG5 . s] ug{], s] gug{]
. cfkm\gf] vfgf cfkm}F vfg] ls Psb'O{ /f]6L ltgLx¿lt/ kmfNg] eGg] ;d:of x'G5 .
Pp6fnfO{ lbof] eg] b;cf]6f cfpF5g\ . b;cf]6fnfO{ lbof] eg] lrgL jf dx /fv]sf]
7fpFdf sldnf cfPem}F sxfFsxfFaf6 c¿ Tolt g} cfpF5g\ . ;ftf] hfG5 levf/Lx¿
b]Vt}df .
olb tkfO{Fn]
cfkm"n] vfFb} u/]sf] /f]6L Pp6f bofnfUbf] levf/LnfO{ lbg'eof] eg] p;sf]
cg'xf/ Psbd ablnG5 . pm tkfO{FnfO{ cfzLjf{b lbg yfN5 . j/k/sf dflg;sf] Wofg tfGg]
u/L hoho xf];\ eG5 . wg;DklQ a9\b} hfcf];\, ;Gtfg ljåfg\ / pBf]uL ag"g\
eg]/ lrRofpF5 . v';L eP/ gfRg klg a]/ nfpFb}g . clg Tof] /f]6L d'vdf xfN5 .
x]bf{x]b}{ pm 9N5 . p;sf] d'vdf lkmFh lg:sG5 . p;sf] d'vaf6 adg–afGtf cfpF5 .
afGtfdf tkfO{Fn] lbPsf] /f]6L rkfOPsf 6'qmf klg ldl;Psf x'G5g\ .
Psb'O{ dfUg]n] s]
ePsf] xf] eg]/ To;nfO{ 3]g{ yfN5g\ . Pp6fn] eGg]5– æv} s] ePsf] xf], pxfFn]
Pp6f /f]6L lbg'eof], clg vfgf;fy of] 9Nof] .Æ
c¿ dfUg] cfpF5g\
. clg Ps}l5gdf dfUg]x¿sf] Ps a6flnog g} e]nf x'G5 . ;a}n] tkfO{FnfO{ cGt/LIfaf6
crfgs cfPsf] gofF hLjnfO{ x]/]em}F x]g{]5g\ . e'OFdf n8]sf] dfUg] x]bf{x]b{}
Eof6Eof6 ug{ yfNg]5 . xKofsxKofs ug{ yfNg]5, hLp tgGs kfb{} a6fl/g yfNg]5 .
To;kl5 Pp6f dfUg] tkfO{Fsf] glhs cfpg]5 . p;n] tkfO{FnfO{ sfg'gL efiffdf eGg]5–
æca xh'/, s] ug{], sfg'gL pkrf/ gu/L x'Fb}g . tkfO{Fn] s:tf] /f]6L lbg'eof] /
of] o:tf] eof] < dflg;sf] hLjgsf] ;afn xf], k|x/L af]nfpg' t kl/xfNof] .
tkfO{Fn] lbPsf] /f]6Ldf s:tf] ljif ldl;Psf] lyof], To;sf] hfFrk8tfn t ug'{
kl/xfNof] . of] dflg; ca dnf{ h:tf] b]lvG5 . xh'/, s] ug'{x'G5 . bof ubf{ klg
slxn]sfxLF slt g/fd|/L kmFl;bf] /x]5, xlu <Æ
clg csf{] cfpF5 .
tkfO{FnfO{ ;Demfpg yfN5 pm– æca of] k'ln;, cbfnt, s];sf] emd]nfdf gkm:g'xf];\ .
a? o;f] xhf/, b'O{ xhf/ ?lkofF lbP/ o; efpFtf]af6 pDsg'xf];\ . xfdL o;nfO{
c:ktfn lnP/ hfG5f}F . p;n] cfkm}Fn] vfPsf] xf] elglbG5f}F, s'/} vtd . tkfO{Fsf]
6«]g slt ah]sf] xf] <Æ
ca c:ktfn /
k'ln;sf] rSs/df kg{] ls, o;f] xhf/–kGw| ;o lbP/ pDsg] eGg] lg0f{o ug{] kfnf]
tkfO{Fsf] . ptf Kn]6kmfd{sf] dfOs s/fO/x]sf] xf]nf– ofq'u0f Û s[kof Wofg lbg'xf]nf . kmnfgf 7fpF hfg], kmnfgf] 6«]g kmnfgf] Kn]6kmd{df cfpg nfu]sf] 5 .
o;f] kfFr–;ft ;o
lbP/ ToxfFaf6 pDsg'df tkfO{Fsf] sNof0f 5 .
levf/LnfO{ vfgf
lbg' eg]sf] 7"nf] cfkt\ lgDTofpg' xf] . 6«]gdf glrg]sf] dflg;n] lbPsf]
gvfg eg]/ ofq'x¿nfO{ ;DemfOPsf] x'G5 t/ glrg]sf] dflg;nfO{ glbg elgPsf] x'Fb}g
. xfdLn] levf/Lx¿sf] To; ;d"xsf /f]bg–qmGbg / gf6snfO{ jf:tf gu/L vfg
sf]l;; u¥of}F . e'OF ;kmf /fVgsf nflu /]nj] k|zf;gn] w]/} 7fpFdf kmf]x/ kmfNg]
9\jfª /flvlbPsf] 5 . tL 9\jfª / To;sf] jl/kl/ kmf]x/ uGxfP/ vkLg;Sg' 5 .
a]nfa]nf xfjfsf] emf]Ssfn] Tof] b'u{Gw xfd|f] gfs 5]8\nf h:tf] u5{ .
of] xljut ;fwf/0f
l8Aafdf r9\g] ofq'ju{sf] xf] . jftfg's"lnt l8Aafdf r9\g] ljlzi6 ju{sf
ofq'sf nflu eLcfO{kL sIfx¿ 5g\ . To:tf ofq'n] ef/tLo eb|uf]n / b'Mv
em]Ng'kb{}g, jftfg's"lnt k|tLIffnodf l:6nsf jf u2fjfn a]Gr–s';L{df tL
cf/fdn] a:5g\ . xfdL ;fwf/0f l:nk/ Snf;sf ofq' x'gfn] ef/tsf] ;a}eGbf ul/a /
cfwf/e"t ju{sf] ;flGgWodf a;]sf 5f}F .
o; ju{df h'g
xf]xNnf, lrRofx6 / eL8ef8 x'G5 Tof] cgdf]n klg 5 . hltv]/} s'g} g s'g} cfZro{hgs
/ /dfOnf] 36gf 3l6/xG5 oxfF . dflg;x¿ Ps–csf{sf] ;f]wLvf]hL u5{g\, ;/;xof]u
u5{g\ / ;DaGw lgdf{0f u5{g\ . jftfg's"lnt l8Aafdf x'g] k6Øf/ / d'bf{ zflGt
oxfF slxNo} x'Fb}g .
tLgrf/ jif{cl3 lbNnLaf6
3/ kms{Fbf ;Ldf~rn PS;k|];df lrgf/L ePsf d"nrGb| tf]d/ ca xfd|f] kfl/jfl/s
ldq ePsf 5g\ . pgL xfd|f] 3/ O6x/Ldf b'O{tLgkN6 cfP . cl:t h'g dlxgfsf] @*
tfl/vdf pgsL sfG5L alxgLsf] ljjfx pT;jdf xfdLnfO{ ;k|]d lgdGq0ff u/] . csf{]kN6
o;}u/L ofqfdf 5Fbf emf/v08 d'lStdf]rf{ kf6L{sf b]j3/ lhNnf cWoIf gLnd jdf{;Fu
lrgf/L eof] / Tof] lrgf/L ldqtfdf ablnPsf] 5 . ;fwf/0f l8Aaf pNnf;do x'G5,
hLjgdo x'G5 . jftfg's"lnt sIfsf lr;f sf]7fx¿df ofqf ug{] w]/}h;f] ofq'sf]
x[bo klg lrl;Psf] nfU5 dnfO{ .
xfdL a;]sf]
e'OFg]/ cg]svfn] dflg; lyP . xfd|f] 5]j}df Pp6L aL;afO;a;{] t?gL vfnL e'OFdf
d:t lgb|fdf nDk;f/ k/]sL lyO{ . Tof] cfkm"n] cf]5\ofPsf] tGgfaf6 kN6]/
e'OFdf n8]sL lyO{ . p;sf] njfOvjfO, ;fydf ePsf emf]nf cflb x]bf{ of] lgs} ;DkGg
kl/jf/sL s]6L xf] eGg ;lsGYof] . cfdfrflxF x'g'k5{, cln klt{/ p;}u/L nDk;f/
k/]/ lgbfO/x]sL lyO{ . Psl5gdf Tof] s]6L lapFemL . cfkm\gf] skfn ldnfpFb} Tof] p7L
. s]6L p7]sf] yfxf kfO5, cfdfrflxF klg pl7xfnL . s]6L p7\gf;fy otf / ptf bf}l8g
yfnL . d}n] a'em]F Tof] Tolt /fd|L s]6L ljlIfKt /lx5 . cfdfrflxF To;nfO{ lnP/
st} hfg nfu]sL /lx5 . s]6Lsf] pd]/, ;'Gb/tf / klx/g cToGt cfsif{s lyof] . p;sf]
z/L/df hLjg el/Psf] lyof], a}F; c6];d6]; lyof], t/ lar/Lsf] dfgl;s c;Gt'ngn]
;a}yf]s aaf{bLsf] af6flt/ nfu]sf] lyof] .
csf{]kl§ vfnL
e'OFdf nueu c;L jif{sf] uf]/f], cUnf] / /fd|f] cg'xf/sf] a"9f] kN6]sf]
lyof] . vfnL e'OFdf emf]nfsf] l;/fgL nufP/ kN6]sf] a"9f] s]s] af]ln/x]sf]
lyof] . hLpdf Pp6f ;kmf ;]tf] wf]tLdfq nufPsf] To; a"9fn] sldh cflb sk8f
udL{sf sf/0f vf]n]h:tf] nfUYof] . Tof] a"9f] s;}nfO{ 7"nf] :j/df s]xL
elg/x]h:tf] nfUYof] . dflg;x¿ j/k/ ul//x]sf lyP .
xfdL lbge/sf]
ysfOn] r'/r'/ ePsf x'gfn] emf]nf l;/fgL nufP/ e'OFdf cf]5\ofPsf] sk8fdf klN6O/x\of}F
. xfdL cfkm\g} ;+;f/df lyof}F .
o;}a]nf O6x/faf6
d'/fl/ efOsf] kmf]g cfof]– æbfh' Û bz{g ÛÛÆ
æefUodfgL eP;\ ÛÆ
æclxn] sxfF
k'Ug'ePsf] 5 <Æ
æxfdL ;tgf ;x/sf]
/]nj] Kn]6kmfd{df 5f}F . cfh laxfg lrqs"6af6 a; r9]/ vh'/fxf] e|d0f u¥of}F
. To;kl5 k'gM a; r9]/ otf ;tgf cfPsf . ca ;f9] P3f/ ah] oxfFaf6 6«]g r9]/ dxf/fi6«sf]
hnufpF k'Ug] l6s6 5 . ef]ln lbpF;f] afx| ah]lt/ k'luPnf . chGtf–Pnf]/f u'kmf
x]g{ hfg nfu]sf .Æ
æs:tf] x'Fb} 5
6'/ <Æ
æ7Ls 5 . Psbd
/dfOnf] 5 . Totf s] 5 < cfdfnfO{ s:tf] 5 <Æ
æ;a 7Ls 5 bfh' . cfdf klg 7Ls x'g'x'G5 . x;\ t, afO{ .Æ
æafO{ .Æ
kmf]g /fv]kl5
;Ltfn] ;f]lwg\– æs;n] u/]sf] kmf]g <Æ
æd'/fl/n] .Æ
æptfsf] va/ s] 5
c/] <Æ
æ;a 7Ls7fs 5
eGof] .Æ
æP .Æ
xfdL 9Nsg sf]l;;
ul//x\of}F . t'?Gt} 3/af6 ;fgL 5f]/L cg'hfn] kmf]g u/L– ægd:sf/ afaf Ûæ
æefUodfgL
x'g" Û s] ub{} 5f} <Æ
ævfgf ksfpFb}
5f}F .Æ
æxfd|f nflu klg
ksfpg] xf] <Æ
æeOxfN5 lg .
t/sf/L lgu'/f] / cfn'sf] agfPsf 5f}F . clg ;tgf k'Ug'ef] t <Æ
æ;tgfsf] /]nj]
Kn]6kmfd{df a;]sf 5f}F . dfd" d';'d';' xfF;]/ kmf]gjftf{ ;'Gg sf]l;; ub{}
5g\ .Æ
æpxfFnfO{
lbg" g kmf]g .Æ
æx;\, x;\====.
;Ltf Û cg"sf] kmf]g===== ÛÛÆ d}n] eg]F .
æx]nf] 5f]/L Û s] ub{} 5f} < k9\grflxF s:tf] k9\b} 5f} <Æ
æ=============.Æ
æ/fd|f] k9 x} .
/fd|f] k9 x} .Æ
æ===================.Æ
æcfh xfdL ;Tgfdf
5f}F . /dfOnf] 5 . 3'Db} 5f}F . afafn] s]s] / s]s] b]vfpg'eof] . Psbd 7Ls 5 .
v':;L 5' .Æ ;Ltfsf] cg'xf/df v';Lsf nx/ b]vf k/] .
æ============== .
Æ
æb'v]sf] 5 lg .
t/ b'v] klg /dfOnf] 5 . tF lrGtf gu/\ . uLtflbbL cfO/xG5] < sfsLsf] va/ s] 5
<Æ
æ================.Æ
ælbpF;f] klg u]6
/fd|f];Fu nufP/ a:g" . laxfg b"w yfKg gla;{g" . /fd|/L vfg"
.Æ
æ=========.Æ
æx;\ t Û afO{ .Æ
cg'hfn] ;Ltfsf]
3'F8f] b'Vg] ;d:of s]–s:tf] 5 eg]/ ;f]lw5 .
o;}a]nf xfd|f
Pshgf cfkmGtn] kmf]g u/] . pgL hlxNo} ld;sn u5{g\ . pgsf] ld;sn kfPkl5 xfdLn]
kmf]g ug{] u5f}F{ . ef/tLo gDa/ kfPkl5 o;df klg ld;sn u/] . g]kfnaf6 ef/tdf ug{'eGbf
ef/taf6 g]kfndf kmf]g ug'{ lgs} dxFuf] 5 . To;}n] pgsf] ld;snsf] hafkmdf kmf]g
ug{ rfx]gf}F . tLg–rf/kN6 ld;sn dfbf{ klg kmf]g gu/]kl5 pgn] ;Dks{ ug{ 5f8] .
clg eStk'/af6 cg'ksf] kmf]g cfof] . sdnf Dofd / 5f]/fsf] nfdf] ukm rNof] .
ptf Tof]
a"9f] emg\emg\ hf]8n] s/fO/x]sf] lyof] . d}n] Wofg lbP/ x]/]F . Tof]
a"9f] t PSn} aa{/fO/xsf] kf] /x]5 . a"9f] Psbd ;'lsnf] wf]tLdf a]l/Psf]
lyof] . p;sf] 5fnf, skfn / wf]tL x]bf{ of] /fd|} x}l;otsf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:o
x'g'kg{] xf] / o;sf] dfgl;s c;Gt'ng Psbd ev{/} lau|]sf] x'g;S5 eGg] xfdLnfO{
nfUof] . x]bf{x]b{} a"9fsf] sk8f ;Dxflng 5f8\of] / pm xftuf]8f hyfefjL
kmfNb} lrRofpg yfNof] .
ptf klt{/ Pp6f
ckfª\u lyof] . To;sf b'j} uf]8f 3'F8f;Dd dfq lyP . Kn]6kmfd{df ckfª\utf a]r]/
Tof] afFr]sf] x'g'k5{ . p;sf] ;fydf Pp6L cfOdfO{ lyO{ . ckfª\u dflg;eGbf Tof]
cfOdfO{ cfwf pd]/sL lyO{ . ltgLx¿ s'g} ljifodf unkmtL ul//x]sf lyP .
;Ltf / sdnf
DofdnfO{ ToxfF 5f8]/ OGb| ;/ / d kfgLsf] aGbf]a:t ug{ uof}F . kms{]/ cfpFbf
ToxfF Ps x"n dflg; /ldtf x]l//x]sf lyP . Tof] ckfª\u levf/L / cfOdfO{ Psbd
lrRofO/x]sf lyP .
æTo; cfOdfO{n]
levf/LnfO{ p;}sf] n¶Ln] Psbd a]:df/L r'6L Û s:tL kflkgL ÛÛÆ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
dflg;x¿sf]
x"n la:tf/} kftlnFb} uof] . Tof] cfOdfO{ ;fob levf/LsL 5f]/L lyO{, Tof]
klg lxF8L . levf/L s/fO/x]sf] lyof] .
æofq'u0f Û s[kof Wofg lbg'xf]nf Û 5k/fb]lv
;tgf;Ddsf nflu lxF8]sf] tfKtL uª\uf PS;k|]; Kn]6kmfd{ gDa/ ! df lgot ;dodf cfpg
nfu]sf] 5 .Æ Pp6L cfOdfO{sf] gL/; / lj/StnfUbf] :j/ xfjfdf u'lGhof] . ;jf b'O{
306f nfdf] ;do;Dd ;tgfdf /ª\ud~rsf] /ldtf x]/]/ xfdL cfkm\gf–cfkm\gf emf]nf
em'G8\ofpFb} tf]lsPsf] :yfgtkm{ nfUof}F .
))))
l:nk/ Snf;sf]
l8Aafdf h]g/n Snf;sf em}F eL8ef8 lyof] . 9f]s}b]lv dflg;x¿ vfFlbP/ a;]sf lyP .
sf]xL a:g] 7fpF;Dd gkfP/ pleO/x]sf lyP . w]/}h;f] ofq' h]g/n l8Aafsf] l6s6
sf6]/ 6L6LO{nfO{ k};f v'jfP/ otf k;]sf lyP . logLx¿ 5k/f, hpgk'/ jf agf/;b]lv
;tgf;Dd cyf{t\ tL;–k}FtL; 306fsf] ofqfdf lxF8]sf lyP . eL8nfO{ 7]Nb} / a;]sf
dflg; gf£b} xfdL aNnaNn xfd|f] l;6df cfOk'Uof}F . xfd|f] l;6df t cl3 g} dflg;x¿
6Gg el/Psf Û dflyNnf] ay{df b'O{hgf s]6fx¿ cf/fdn]
;'lt/x]sf / tNnf] ay{df b;–afx|hgf dhfn] pFl3/x]sf .
xfd|f l;6d'lg
7"nf7"nf ;'6s];x¿ vfFb]sf lyP . l;6afx]ssf] efudf klg s]xL ;'6s]; lyP
. ;fdfg x]bf{ o:tf] nfUYof] xfdL k];]Gh/ l8Aafdf xf]Og em'lSsP/ 9'jfgL ;]jf
lbg] l8Aafdf 3';]sf xf}F . logLx¿n] aQL lgefP/ cFWof/f] kf/]sf lyP . ar]sf]
e'OFdf cfwf bh{g s]6fs]6L ;'t]sf lyP, / cfjthfjt ug{] 7fpFdf b'O6L cfOdfO{
pQfgf] 6fª nufP/ lgl:kmqmL ;'lt/x]sf lyP . kfOnf] /fVg] 7fpF lyPg . xfdLn]
l;6df / ay{df ;'t]sfx¿nfO{ lapFemfP/ ljgd|tfk"j{s tL l;6 xfd|f x'g\ eGof}F
.
s;}n] xfd|f] s'/}
;'g]gg\, tL k'gM pF£g yflnxfn] . d}n] cln s8\s]/ km]l/ cfkm\gf] s'/f bf]xf]¥ofPF
. l6s6 klg b]vfPF . aNn s]xL cfOdfO{ / nf]Ug]dfG5] cfkm" a;]sf] 7fpFaf6
r6k6fP . b'O{hgf s]6f / Pp6L cfOdfO{ a;]sf] 7fpFaf6 p7] . ;'t]sf] dflg;n] Psbd
ulx/f] lgb|fdf k/]sf] clego ul//x\of] . b; ldg]6sf] cg'goljgo, xsf/ksf/ /
wDsLkl5 aNn xfd|f rf/} ay{ vfnL eP . xfdLn] a:g] 7fpF t kfof}F t/ v'§f emfg]{
pkfo lyPg, aRrfaRrL e'OFel/ 5Fb} lyP, / xfd|f ;fdfg /fVgsf nflu Ps OGr klg 7fpF
lyPg .
6L6LO{ cfof] .
d}n] cfkm\gf ;fdfg /fVg] 7fpF gePsf] u'gf;f] u/]F . p;n] kNnf] v08sf ofq'x¿nfO{
xsf¥of]– æcfkm\gf] ;fdfg cfkm}F;Fu /fVg'xf];\ .Æ
æ6L6LnfO{
elg/fVg'kYof]{ < xfdLnfO{ eg]sf] eP x6fOxfNYof}F lg .Æ emf]nfsf] dflns o;f]
eGb} ;fdfg cf];fg{ yfNof] . ca xfdLn] ;fdfg /fVg] 7fpF kfof}F / ;'Tgsf nflu ay{
klg . rf/}hgf 9NSof}F . unkmtL 6'ª\luFbf /ftsf] ;f9] afx| alh;s]sf] lyof] .
ælsg laxf/L
6«]gsf] l6s6 sf6\g'ePsf] <Æ xfdLn] b;}Fsf] 5'§Ldf hfdgu/af6 dfpG6
cfa"sf nflu /f]h]sf] 6«]g s'g xf] eGg] yfxf kfPkl5 Pp6f u'h/ftL dflg;n] hfdgu/df
eg]sf] lyof] . eL8ef8, kmf]xf]/, rf]/L / 8'n'jf a]kf/Ln] lbg] x}/fgLsf sf/0f laxf/L
6«]g abgfd 5g\ . t/ xfdL;Fu ljsNk klg sxfF x'G5 / < o;kN6 oxfF laxf/L 6«]g
kqmFbf klg p:t} eL8sf] km]nf kl/Psf] lyof] .
))))
chGtf
dxf/fi6«sf] pQ/L
;x/ hnufpFsf] ædWojtL{ a;:yfgsÆaf6 xfdL r9]sf] a; lxF8]sf] nueu ;f9] b'O{ 306f
eO;s]sf] lyof] . xfdL chGtfsf] glhs} k'lu;s]sf 5f}F h:tf] b]lvof] . d}n] a;sf]
em\ofnaf6 aflx/sf] b[Zodf cfFvf 8'nfPF . a:tL b]lvFb}g, Psbd v]t}v]t uPkl5
s]xLa]/df Pp6f ;fgf] vf]N;f] cfof] . d}n] To; vf]N;fsf] kmf]6f] lvRg vf]h]sf],
a; sl6xfNof], kmf]6f] xlNnP/ /fd|f] cfPg . clg km]l/ skf; / s]/f3f/Lsf] c6'6
qmd .
st}st} ljb]zL
ko{6snfO{ nlIft u/]/ ;8s lsgf/df ;'ljwfhgs, cfw'lgs / cfsif{s xf]6n v'n]sf 5g\
. Psl5gdf km/bfk'/ eGg] ;–:ofgf] ahf/ cfOk'Uof] . km/bfk'/df lgs} k];]Gh/
cf]n{] . a;sf l;6 cfwfeGbf a9L vfnL eP .
ahf/ s6\g]lalQs}
sG8S6/ s/fof]– æclhG7f hfg] k];]Gh/ 9f]sfdf cfpgf];\ .Æ
xfdL pqg]
7fpFnfO{ cs{} v} s] gfd eGof] d}n] e';'Ss} la;{]F . oxfF ;8s lgs}
cf]/fnf]–psfnf] 5 . 3'dfp/f] klg . xfdLn] emf]nf em'G8\ofpFb} a;af6 pq]/ ;8s
kf/ u¥of}F . s]xL dflg; ¿vd'lg a:g agfOPsf] l;d]G6sf] rf}tf/fdf al;/x]sf lyP .
d}n] ;f]w]F– æchGtf hfg] af6f] stfaf6 xf] <Æ
æot}ot} hfg'xf];\
. ptf k|j]z l6s63/ 5 .Æ b'O{hgf dflg;n] xftn] b]vfpFb} Ps;fy eg] . Pp6f k'ln;
c¿ s]s] eGb} lyof], Wofg lbOg5', cln /fd|f] a'lemgF . ltgLx¿nfO{ æYofª\So'Æ
eg]/ xfdL lxF8\of}F . ;8s lrNnf] x'gfn] d]/f] ux|f}F emf]nf u'8fpg ldNof] .
;Ltfsf] bflxg]
3'F8f] crfSnL b'lv/x]sf] lyof], pgL lxF8\g klg g;Sg] xfntdf lyOg\ . lbgsf] ;f9]
b'O{ alh;s]sf] lyof] / a]n'sf 5 ah];Dd dfq chGtf x]g{ kfOg] lyof] . xfdLn]
xtf/xtf/ uP/ l6s6 sf6Øf}F . clg l6s63/sf] dfG5]n] b]vfPsf] af6f] eP/ ptf
nfUof}F . oxfF So'l/of] ;fdfgsf] ahf/ /x]5 . ahf/sf] gfd klg d}n] e'lnxfn]F .
k;n]x¿ ;fdfg lslglbpmg\ eg]/ Psbd l9kL ubf{ /x]5g\ . xfdL oxfF s'g} ;fdfg glsGg]
dfgl;stf agfP/ cfPsf lyof}F, lsGg] s'/} ePg . clg a;kfs{ uof}F . l6s6 sf6]/
a;kfs{df Psl5g s'/]kl5 ko{6s a; cfof] . ;a}hgf r9\of}F . s]xLa]/df To;n] hª\un,
kxf8 / d}bfgsf] af6f] u/]/ Ps}l5gdf nIodf k'¥ofof] . af6fdf lgh{g rp/, 3fF;]
emf8L / d}bfg clg l9:sfl9:sL lyP . Pp6f ;fgf] vf]N;f] /x]5 . Tof] vf]N;f]
t/]kl5 ;8s lsgf/}lsgf/ hfFbf] /x]5 . vf]N;fsf] gfd j3'8 jf j3f]8f eGbf /x]5g\ .
æoxfF of] gbL
Psbd ;fgf] vf]N;f] dfq 5 t/ pQ/lt/ aUb} uPkl5 of] vf]nf] tfKtL gbLdf ldl;G5 .
tfKtL gbL dxf/fi6«sf uf]bfj/L / s[i0ffkl5sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] gbL xf] .Æ
d;Fu} a;]sf] Pshgf d/f7Ln] xfdLn] d'l:snn] a'em\g] lxGbLdf eGof] .
a; Ps}l5gdf ;fgf]
ko{6sLo laGb'df k'u]/ cl8of] . ;a} ofq' cf]n{] . xfdL klg cf]Nof{}F . cl3
sf6]sf] l6s6 t oxfF;Ddsf nflu dfq /x]5 . ca km]l/ æclhG7f k|j]z l6s6Æ lng'kg{] /x]5
. chGtfnfO{ :yfgLo af]nLdf clhG7f elgFbf] /x]5 .
l6s6 sf6Øf}F . ca
xfdLnfO{ cfkm\gf emf]nf yGSofpg] 7fpF rflxPsf] lyof] .
æoxfF emf]nf
/fVg] Joj:yf 5}g . tkfO{Fn] el/of nUg kfpg'x'G5 . ltgLx¿n] ufO8sf] e"ldsf
klg lgefpg]5g\ .Æ k|j]z l6s6 sf6\g] 7fpFsf] sd{rf/Ln] eGof] .
æh'sfem}F el/ofx¿
cfP . ltgn] emf]nf dfu]/ x}/fg kfbf{ /x]5g\ . k|ltemf]nf ;f9] b'O{ ;o pgLx¿sf]
/]6 /] . xfdLnfO{ xfF;f] p7\of] . xfdLn] cfkm}F af]s]/ hfg vf]Hof}F . ltgn] t
emf]n} vf];'Fnf em}F kf] ubf{ /x]5g\ .
oxfFsf af/]df
n]lvPsf kl/ro k'l:tsf, a'4 / u0f]z cflbsf d"lt{ / v]nf}gf a]Rg]x¿sf
x"n 5g\ . ltgn] Psbd} b'Mv lbFbf /x]5g\ . pgLx¿lt/ x]b{} gx]/] klg, lsGb} lslGbgF
eg] klg Psf]xf]/f] emlD6/xFbf /x]5g\ .
æs]xL rflxFb}g .Æ
eg]F d}n] .
ænf} kfFr} ;odf
nUgf];\ .Æ Pp6f kRrL; jif{hltsf] o'jsn] u0f]z, ;fO{afaf, a'4, s[i0f /
do"/sf kfFr d"lt{ lnP/ cfof] .
ænf} nUg] xf] eg]
rf/ ;od} lbg] ePF .Æ Psl5gkl5 Tof] s/fof] . tLg, b'O{ x'Fb} Ps ;odf em¥of] pm .
æxfdLnfO{ s]xL
vl/b ug'{ 5}g oxfF .Æ d}n] zfGt eP/ eg]F .
æn t krf;d}
nUg'xf];\ . olt ;:tf]df t ;+;f/df sxLF uP klg kfpg'x'g]5}g .Æ
æhltdf lbP klg
gnUg] . lsGb} glsGg] . Tof] xfdLnfO{ rflxFb}g .Æ d}n] eg]F .
p;n] t dnfO{
s'6"Fnf / df¿Fnf em}F u¥of] .
clg Tof] ;Ltflt/
vlgof] . d}n] ;LtfnfO{ eg]F– ælsGg] sfd 5}g .Æ
afkm /] Û Tof] t u|fxs e8\sfOlbPsf] eg]/ ddfly Psbd emD6g cfof] . d}n] d]/L
>LdtLnfO{ ;fdfg glsg eGg klg gkfpg' eg]/ s'n{]/ s8f k|ltjfb u/]kl5 aNn x6Øf]
. o:tf t slt xf] slt Û Pp6f kL8saf6
lk08 5'6fpg kfPsf] 5}g, csf{] cfOk'luxfN5 . oxfF logsf] cTofrf/ vkLg;Sg' x'Fbf]
/x]5 . k'ln;x¿ /ldtf x]bf{ /x]5g\ / ko{6snfO{ logn] jfSslbSs x'Gh]n k5\ofpFbf
klg s]xL eGb}g /x]5g\ .
ca xfdL hfg'kg{]
af6fdf cufl8 r§fg / l;F9L lyof] . ;Ltf cflQOg\ . pgL s/fOg\– æghfcf}F . ;lsFb}g
. d t Ps} v'8\lsnf klg pSng ;lStgF . cfkm"nfO{ olt lxF8\g t s:tf] eO/x]5 ÛÆ
vh'/fxf] ofqfsf
sf/0f ;Ltfsf 3'F8f b'v]/ c;x\o eO/x]sf] lyof], t/ l;F9L gr9L chGtf x]g{ gkfOg]
/x]5 . oqf] 6f9faf6 cfP/ gx]/L hfg klg dgn] dfGg] s'/f ePg . d}n] l3;|Fb} eP
klg hfg'k5{ eg]F .
æ;Kk} emf]nf d
af]S5' . ltdL l3;|]/ eP klg k'u . k6Ss} ;St}gf} eg] d af]sfpg] dflg; vf]H5' lg
t .Æ
æcxF x'Fb}g . d
;lStgF . af]sfP/ klg sf]xL hfG5 / < hfGgF, jflxoft s'/f .Æ
æTo;f] eP oxLF
Ps}l5g al;/fv . xfdL p M ToxfF;Dd k'u]/ cfOxfN5f}F . oxfF cfP/ clnslt klg gx]/L
t s;/L kms{g], nf} eg t ÛÆ d}n] dflysf]
l9:sf] b]vfP/ eg]F .
æd oxfF s;/L a:g
;S5' PSn} < gfOF, x'Fb}g . tkfO{Fx¿ klg ghfg] .Æ
;Ltf hfg g;s] klg
xfdL afFsL hfg afWo lyof}F . olt 6f9faf6 oqf] b'Mv u/]/, olt vr{ u/]/ 9f]sfaf6
l5/]kl5 kms{g] s'/f ePg . t/ ;Ltfsf] xfnt b]v]kl5 d]/f] klg dg eTsg yfNof] .
of] :yfg g3'd] klg cfh xfdL st} hfg ;St}gYof}F . kl;{ a]n'sf ptf sf]k/ufpFaf6
x}b/fafbsf nflu 6«]gsf] l6s6 lyof] . afFsL ofqf /2 u/]/ ot}af6 ;f]em} 3/ kms{g]
s'g} ;xh pkfo klg lyPg .
kfgL knf{knf{
h:tf] eof] . clncln l56Øfpg klg yfNof] . xfdL;Fu 5ftf lyPg . cfh kfgL cf]Ol/of]
eg] dhf;Fu lelhg] eOof] eGg] 8/ eof] . ;LtfnfO{ ToxLF cf]tdf a:g eg]/ OGb| ;/ /
d}n] 5f8]/ lxF8\of}F . sdnf Dofd ;Ltfsf] ;fyL al;lbg'eof] .
pgn] Pp6f af6f]
b]lv5g\ . pgL lrRofOg\– æp M df]6/af6f] 5 h:tf] 5 . xfdL Totfaf6 cfpF5f}F .Æ
d}n] Pp6f
k'ln;nfO{ ;f]w]F . p;n] Tof] af6f] dfly hfg] ¥ofDk xf] eGof] . sdnf Dofd / pgL
Totfaf6 r9\g yfn]kl5 clns 9'Ss eof] .
l;F9Lsf] 6'Kkfaf6
k/ chGtfsf chªsf u'kmfx¿ b]lvP . j3'/ gbLn] 3'dfp/f] uN5L agfPsf] 5 / pQ/kl§
ljzfn kx/f] 5 . kx/fsf] r§fg Pp6} 5 . d clj/fd kmf]6f] lvRg yfn]F . kmf]6f]x¿
crDd} /fd|f cfO/x]sf lyP . j/k/sf] xl/ofnL lrqsf/Lh:t} ;'Gb/ lyof] . d xif{sf]
e]ndf alx/x]F . xif{n] d]/f cfFvf /;fP .
a'afn] PskN6
lxGbL efiffsf] Pp6f /ª\uLg klqsf Nofpg'–ePsf] lyof] . To;df Pp6f k[i7df chGtfsf
u['kmfx¿sf] lrq lbOPsf] lyof] . d}n] d]/f] rf]/ cf}Fnf] gS;fsf] Ps efudf k'¥ofP/
eg]sf] lyPF– æa'af Û hLjgdf PskN6 o;
:yfgdf gk'uL dlb{gF d .Æ
d}n] a'afnfO{
;Dem]F . pxfFsf] ;+Gof;Lem}F hLjg ;Dem]F . u[x:y eP/ klg pxfF Ps Clif
x'g'x'GYof] . k':tssf] ;+;f/df pxfF r'n'{Dd 8'Ag'x'GYof] . pxfFsf] cyfx 1fg /
:d/0fIfdtf b]v]/ dnfO{ nfUYof]– pxfFsf] dl:tis 6fpsfdf dfq geP/ lz/b]lv
k}tfnf;Dd} 5 . pxfFsf] k|]d ;Dem]/ clxn] ljrf/ u5'{– pxfFsf] x[bo 5ftLdf dfq
geP/ lz/b]lv k}tfnf;Dd} lyof] /x]5 .
d]/f] 7"nf]
bfh' hLjg dHhfn] xfF:g'ePsf] lyof], d]/f] p/G7]pnf] jfrf ;'g]/ . ;kgfsf] jfo'kª\vL 3f]8f r9]/ ;+;f/ lhTg lg:sg] pd]/, ;f]x| jif{sf] lszf]/ lyPF d
p;a]nf . 5QL; ;fn c;f]hsf] ;'? lyof] . pnf{af/Ldf ;gkf6 a]r]/ 3/ kms{g'x'Fbf
a'afn] Tof] klqsf Nofpg'ePsf] lyof] . a'af cfkm" slxNo} chGtfsf u'kmf x]g{
cfpg'ePg, pxfFn] Tof] /x/ kfNg' klg ePsf] lyPg, t/ pxfFn] chGtf hfg] Ifl0fs t/
pu| ef]s o; dgdf k}bf ul/lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
a'afn] To;sf] s]xL
lbgcl3 bdsaf6 Pp6f cd]l/sL cª\u|]hL pkGof;sf] lxGbL cg'jfb NofOlbg'ePsf] lyof]
. d}n] Tof] ev{/} kl9l;WofPsf] lyPF . To; pkGof;df Ps afns kfqn] clk|msfsf]
gS;fdf sª\uf] b]zsf] Ps :yfgdf xft /fv]/ cfkm" s'g} lbg ToxfF k'Ug /fv]sf]
OR5f jo:s ePkl5 k"/f u/]sf] lyof] . ddf klg Tof] ;fFem crfgs To:t}
e"t ;jf/ ePsf] lyof] . p;a]nf t To:tf] sf]/f ;kgf k"/f x'g] s'g}
;Defjgf st} b]lvPsf] lyPg . g t kl5 klg d}n] Tof] OR5f k"/f ug{ slxNo}
s'g} ;r]t k|oTg u/]F5' . hLjgsf ;fgf;fgf ;ª\3if{x¿df clNemP/ oltsf jif{ x/fPF5'
d, t/ klg o; x[bosf] s'g} s'gfdf To; lszf]/josf] ct[Kt sfdgf bldt ¿kdf hLljt
/x]5 . o; jif{ Tof] sfdgf hfu|t eP/ d otf 8f]l/Psf] /x]5' .
hLjgsf l;F9Lx¿df
cg]s /x/x¿ k}bf x'G5g\, ;kgfx¿ hGdG5g\ / x's{G5g\ . slt t tL hLjgsf] psfnfdf
r9\g g;s]/ x's{g} gkfO{ d5{g\, slt xfd|f sdhf]/L / afWotfx¿sf] e]ndf 8'a]/
d5{g\, sltnfO{ arfpg ;lsG5 .
cfh c7\tL;
jif{kl5 chGtfsf u'kmfdf k|j]z ug{ nfu]sf a]nf a'afsf] t]h:jL cg'xf/ / pxfFn]
To; lbg Nofpg'ePsf] klqsfsf] /ª\uLg k[i7 d]/f cfFvfdf 3'Dg yfn] . pxfF cUnf],
b'Anf]kftnf] / sl;nf xftkfv'/f ePsf] 1fgof]uL dflg; x'g'x'GYof] . t/ k}FtfnL;
;fn j}zfvdf pxfF laltxfNg'eof] . of] v';Lsf] lbg yfxf kfpgsf nflu cfh a'af
x'g'x'Gg . d hlt;'s} lrRofP klg pxfFnfO{ of] v';Lsf] va/ ;'gfpg kfpFlbgF .
æa'af Û cfOk'u]F d . chGtfdf . ;'Gg'ef] <Æ pxfF cfh x'g'ePsf] eP tTsfn}
kmf]g u/]/ eGg] lyPF . j/k/sf c¿ ko{6sx¿sf] Wofg tfGg] u/L d cª\u|]hL jf
lxGbLdf ;d]t lrRofpg] lyPF – æ;'Gg'ef] a'af Û olta]nf d
chGtfdf pleP/ xh'/;Fu s'/f ul//x]sf] 5' . p;}a]nf xh'/nfO{ eg]sf] lyOgF d}n]
< s:tf] nfUof] 5f]/fsf] c7f]6 <Æ
cfdf x'g'x'G5 .
olta]nf pxfF emfkf bdssf] tf/faf/Ll:yt xfd|f] ;fgf] Pstn] 3/df k"j{kl§sf]
v08df vf6df a;]/ ;fFemsf] vfgfsf nflu t/sf/L s]nfpFb} x'g'x'Fbf] xf]nf . 3/
kms]{kl5 d o; If0fsf] ;Demgf cfdfnfO{ lbnfpg]5' . cyjf x'g;S5, a'afsf] cfnf]
;Demgf cfpg] 8/n] cfdfnfO{ of] ;a} ;'gfpg klg lxDdt a6'Ng g;s"Fnf .
l;F9L plSnO;Stf
kfgL yfldOxfNof] . 3'dfp/f] af6f] eP/ ;Ltf / sdnf Dofd klg cfOk'u] . OGb| ;/n]
eGg'eof]– ædnfO{ Hj/f] cfPh:tf] 5 .Æ
æxf] <Æ
pxfFsf] xft 5fDb} d}n] ;f]w]F . xft t vf;} tftf] lyPg t/ lgwf/ eg] cFu]gf] em}F
tft]sf] /x]5 . pxfFnfO{ d}n] oxLF cf/fd ug{ eg]F .
æsxfF cf/fd ug{]
< hLjgdf km]l/ oxfF cfpg ;lsg] xf] ls xf]Og, clxNo} x]g{] xf] . l;6fdf]n
vfP/ klg 3'ldG5 .Æ
sdnf Dofdn]
cf}iflw af]Sg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] Pp6f uf]nL / af]tnsf] kfgL xftdf ydfpg'eof]
. OGb| ;/n] cf}iflw vfg'ePkl5 xfdL lglZrGt eOxfNof}F . ca Psl5g 3'd]kl5 cf/fd
ug{] t xf] . cfh ot} chGtfdf jf; a:g] x'gfn] bf}8w'k x'Fb}g, pxfFsf] Hj/f] klg
lgoGq0fdf cfOxfN5 eg]/ d cfzfjfbL ag]sf] lyPF . ]
xfdL u'kmfx¿tkm{
la:tf/} a9\of}F . aflx/af6 x]bf{ ;fdfGo ;+/rgf nfUg] oL u'kmfn] leqleq l5/]kl5
xfd|f] dg xb{5g\ . leq l5bf{ h'QfrKkn vf]n]/ hfg'k/]sfdf s'g} u'gf;f] 5}g t/
ToxfF leq kmf]6f] lvRg glbPsfdf rflxF ;f/} vNnf] nfU5 . ofqfnfO{ ck"0f{ / cw'/f]
agfPh:tf] nfU5 dnfO{ o;/L lgif]w ugf{n] . kmf]6f] lvRg lbFbf s] xflg k'U5 d
a'em\lbgF .
aflx/ vDafx¿ 5g\
. tL r§fgnfO{ sf6]/ lgsflnPsf vDaf x'g\ . vDafleq l5gf]n] sf6]/ u'kmf agfOPsf]
x'g'k5{ . leq klg vDa}vDaf 5g\ . k|To]s vDafdf af}4 snfs[lt 5g\ . s'g} klg
vfFaf jf leQfdf Ps OGr klg snfljxLg :yfg 5}g . :tDex¿df r§fg s'Fb]/ af}4
leIf'sf hLjGt d"lt{ agfOPsf 5g\, st} ;'Gb/ a'§f / cfsf/ lbOPsf 5g\ . ltgLx¿sf]
bfz{lgs, wfld{s jf snfsfl/tfsf] lx;fan] ljlzi6 JofVof x'G5 eGg] nfUof] . Toqf]
ljzfn kl/;/df k|To]s OGrdf bfz{lgs–wfld{s d"No af]Sg] s'FbfO b]Vg kfOG5 .
PskN6df kfFr–;ft
;o dflg; a:g;Sg] ;efsIf, cWoogsIf, k|fy{gfsIf jf vfglkg ug{] xn 5g\ . l;lnªdf
p;a]nf k|of]u ul/Psf /ª / sf]l/Psf lrq x]bf{ cfZro{rlst eOG5 . s'g} xnsf] kNnf]
5]pdf eujfg\ a'4sf] k|jrg/t ¿k jf ;fwgf/t ¿k s'FlbPsf] 5 . s'g} klg ;+/rgf
aflx/af6 NofOPsf xf]Ogg\ . afFsL 7fpFdf xfQL3f]8f, b]jLb]jtf / dflg;x¿sf ;of}F ;'Gb/eGbf
;'Gb/ snfs[lt s'FlbPsf 5g\ leQfel/ . xfdLnfO{ leq k:tf s'g} u'kmfdf k;]sf] geO{
s'g} eJo b/af/sf] ehgsIfdf k;]sf] cg'e"lt x'G5 .
d eG5', chGtfsf
u'kmfx¿ p; hdfgfsf] dfgj l;h{gfsf ;jf{]Qd ¿k x'g\ . lj1fg / k|ljlw gePsf] To;
o'udf l5gf] / xtf}8fsf] e/df o:tf] ;+/rgf klg agfpg ;lsG5 eg]/ s'g ;Gsfxfn] sNkgf
u¥of] xf]nf < slthgf >lds / sflnu8n] oxfF slt ;do nufP xf]nfg\ < s;n]
Tolt 7"nf] wg/flz vr{ u¥of] xf]nf < aflx/af6 x]bf{ ;fdfGo nfUg] u'kmfx¿n]
leq k;]kl5 ltgsf] ;+/rgf, ;fOh, cfsf/ / ToxfFleq s'FlbPsf snfs[ltn] xfdLnfO{ cfZro{sf]
leQ}df k'¥ofpF5g\ . xfdL cfZro{n] lha|f] 6f]s]sf] 6f]So} x'G5f}F . O;fk"j{
bf];|f] ztfAbLb]lv otf 5}6f}F ztfAbLsf aLr ag]sf oL 5QL;j6f ljzfn af}4 u'kmfx¿
Ps;] Ps /x:odoL nfU5g\ .
u'kmf gDa/ ! / @
leqL leQf / l;lnªdf ePsf lrqsf/L x]b{}df ;Ltf / d cfZro{sf] s'g tnfdf k'Uof}F d
eGg ;lStgF . d}n] kfunsf em}F kmf]6f] lvr]sf] lvRo} u/]F . lel8of] klg lnO/x]F
. ;'/Iffuf8{n] kmf]6f] lvRg lgif]w 5 eg]kl5 dfq xf];df cfPF . OGb| ;/sf] klg cfZro{sf]
;Ldf lyPg . sdnf Dofd Psbd sd af]Ng'x'G5, t/ pxfFsf zAbx¿ oxfF cfPkl5 jfrfn ag]
. rlst–rlst cfFvf 8'nfpFb} pxfF ;LtfnfO{ sf]6ØfO{sf]6ØfO{ s]xL g s]xL
elg/xg'ePsf] lyof] .
tL u'kmfx¿;Dd
hfg] af6f] klg cfZro{hgs g} 5 . Tof] klg kTy/ sf6]/ agfOPsf] 5 . t/ st}
pSng'kg{] / st} cf]n{g'kg{] l;F9L 5g\ . ;Ltf b; gDa/ u'kmfb]lv ptf hfg} ;lsgg\
. pgn] elgg\– æeof] . ca k'Uof] dnfO{ . oxfFb]lv ptf ghfg] d . xh'/x¿ uP/
cfpg'xf];\ .Æ
clg xfdL pgnfO{
ToxLF cf/fd ug{ 5f8]/ cl3 a9\of}F . kTgLnfO{ o;/L PSn} 5f8]/ ;'vsf] :ju{ vf]Hg'
slt lg/y{s x'Fbf] /x]5 d dx;'; ul//x]sf] lyPF . pgnfO{ 5f8]/ ptf b]v]sf s'/fx¿
cfwf dfq b]v]sf] cg'e"lt eof] . d k|To]s u'kmfdf gk'uL kms{g klg ;lStgy]F,
hfg klg ;ls/x]sf] lyOgF . lgs}j6f u'kmfdf kmf]6f] lvRg cg'dlt lbOFbf] /x]5, t/
km\Nof; gxfgLsg . cFWof/f u'kmfdf km\Nof; gxfgLsg lvr]sf kmf]6f] s:tf cfpF5g\ Û
;Ltf al;/x]sf]
7fpFaf6 xft xNnfpFlyg\ / O;f/fn] ;+jfb eO/fVYof] . !^ / !& gDa/ u'kmf
7"nf / emg\ a9L s'FlbPsf b]lvP . leq l;lnª / leQfdf p;a]nf ul/Psf lrqsf/L
/ /ª cfh;Dd s;/L ;'/lIft /x] xf]nfg\, cfZro{rlst x'G5f}F xfdL .
j3'/ vf]nfkfl/
dfly 8fF8fdf b[Zofjnf]sgsf nflu Eo' 6fj/ agfOPsf] 5 . xfdL ToxfF hfg rfxGYof}F
t/ ysfg / ;dofefjn] Tof] ;Dej x'g] b]lvPg . xfdL ;f]xL :yfgaf6 lkml/xfNof}F .
;Ltf ePsf] 7fpFdf cfOk'u]kl5 dfq xfd|f] 6f]nL ;fª\u ePsf] lyof] .
xfdL k|j]z
u/]b]lv g} Pp6f Psbd cUnf], ;'Gb/ / xFl;nf] o'js xfdL;Fu;Fu} lyof] . pm
cfkm\gf] 8LP;Pn Sofd/fn] hª\un, vf]nf], eL/, u'kmfx¿, dflg;x¿ / af6fsf] kmf]6f]
lvlr/xGYof] . lvlrPsf kmf]6f] km'Qkm'Q lg:sg] xf] eg] p;sf] Sofd/faf6
kmf]6f]sf] jiff{ x'g] lyof] .
æsxfFaf6 <Æ
d}n] p;nfO{ lxGbLdf ;f]w]F . p;n] s'/} a'em]g . pm cndNn kb{} dlt/ x]/]/
d':sfO/x\of] . km]l/ ;f]xL jfSo cª\u|]hLdf eg]F .
ætldngf8' .Æ p;n]
cfkm\gf] ;'Gb/ d':sfg;lxt t'?Gt 5f]6f] pQ/ lbof] .
æxfdL g]kfnaf6 .Æ
d}n] xft a9fpFb} eg]F .
xfdLn] xft
ldnfof}F . p;sf] gfd ;/km/fh /x]5 . o'js blIf0f ef/tb]lv df]6/;fOsn ofqfdf
;Dk"0f{ ef/tsf] k}FtL;lbg] ofqfdf lg:s]sf] /x]5 . d}n] xfdL kfjfk'/L,
gfnGbf, /fhlu/, lrqs"6 / vh'/fxf] x'Fb} oxfF cfOk'u]sf] / rf}wlbg]
ef/tofqfdf lg:s]sf] s'/f eg]F .
o'jssf] cg'xf/df
v';L km}lnof] . p;n] tldngf8'af6 oxfF cfpFbfsf hLjgsf cf7 lbg ;a}eGbf ;'vb /
lj:dosf/L /x]sf] eGof] . p;sf] ofqfdfu{df vh'/fxf] / gfnGbfsf gfd lyPgg\, d}n]
p;nfO{ b'j} :yfgdf k'Ug ;'emfPF, vh'/fxf] hfg ;Dej 5}g eg] sDtLdf gfnGbf dfq eP
klg hfg eg]F . alVtof/ lvnhLn] Wj:t kf/]sf] gfnGbf dxfljxf/sf] eUgfjz]if x]/]/
d';ndfg zf;sn] dfgj–;EotfnfO{ slt gf]S;fg k'¥ofP eGg] s'/f yfxf kfpg' ;a}sf
nflu h?/L 5, ef/tLox¿sf nflu cem w]/} h?/L 5 eg] ef/tLo d';ndfgsf nflu t emg\
w]/} h?/L 5 . To; ljWj+;sf] bf]ifsf] eflubf/ ltgsf ;Gtfg xf]Ogg\, x'g} ;St}gg\
t/ lvnhLnfO{ Oltxf;n] vnkfqsf] ¿kdf lrlqt ul//xg]5 / ToxL p;sf nflu b08 x'g]5 .
Oltxf;df k'vf{n] u/]sf] cfTd3ftnfO{ a'em]/ cfkm"leq To:tf] 3fts :jfy{ st}
ba]/ /x]sf] 5 ls eg]/ ;a}n] cfTd;dLIff ug{ h?/L b]V5' d eGg] d]/f] cfzo atfPF .
o'js a8f] ;Eo /
lzi6 /x]5 . p;n] eGof]– æd vh'/fxf] / gfnGbf b'j} 7fpF k'Ug]5' .Æ
o;kl5 xfdLn]
kmf]6f] lvRof}F / 5'l§of}F . pm xftdf 8LP;Pn Sofd/f xNnfpFb} skf;em}F xn'sf
z/L/ pkmfb{} l;F9Laf6 em¥of] . 3/L kms{Fb} xft xNnfpFb} t 3/L kmf]6f] lvRg
Sofd/f xfdLlt/ ;f]em\ofpFb} pm cl3 a9\of] . ;Ltf / d}n] lglg{d]if cfFvfn]
p;nfO{ x]¥of}F . x]bf{x]b{} lz/b]lv uf]lnufF7f;Dd sfn} sk8fdf a]l/Psf] Tof]
;'Gb/ / dfof vGofpg nfos o'js xl/of] ;+;f/df wAafem}F b]lvg yfNof] . dnfO{
nfUof] aNnaNn e]l6Psf] d]/f] elth ca w]/} jif{ e]6 gx'g] 7fpFlt/sf] ofqfdf
nfu]sf] xf] .
xfdLn] j3'/
vf]nfdflysf] kmnfd] k'n t/]/ csf{] af6f] x'Fb} u'kmfx¿sf] b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ rfx\of}F
. vf]nfsf] kmnfd] k'ndf k'u]kl5 km]l/ s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lvRof}F . OGb| ;/sf]
gf8L / lgwf/ 5fd]F, Hj/f] lgs} sd eO;s]sf] lyof] . xfdL zLtn af6f] eP/ csf{]
kmnfd] k'n eP/ k'gM d"nu]6df cfof}F . ;fdfg a]Rg] 8'n'jfx¿ s/fpg yflnxfn]
. o;kN6 eg] lrgf]:j¿k s]xL nUg] dleqsf] OR5fnfO{ /f]Sg ;lsgF . xfdLn] ;fgf;fgf
d"lt{ / Psb'O{ k'l:tsf lsGof}F .
d"n ;8sdf
lg:sFbf ;fFemsf] ;f9] 5 ah]sf] lyof] . d}n] 6f]nLsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ eg]F– æxfdL cfhsf]
;fFem oxLF jf; a:g]5f}F . chGtf ;x/ ;fgf] 5 . oxfF Pp6f ljzfn lsNnf t 5 t/ Tof]
x]g{ xfdL;Fu ;do 5}g . ef]ln laxfg} oxfFaf6 p7]/ cf}/ª\ufafb hfg] xf] . cf}/ª\ufafb
oxfFaf6 Ps ;o lsnf]ld6/ hlt 6f9f k5{ . nueu tLg 306fdf a;n] k'¥ofpF5 . ef]ln
laxfgsf] vfgf cf}/ª\ufafbd} vfP/ lbpF;f] Pnf]/f u'kmf x]g'{ 5 . ;fFemdf l;/8L
;fO{gu/ k'Ug}k5{ . a]n}df ;fO{gu/ k'Ug ;lsof] eg] ;fFemsf] cf/tLdf ;xefuL aGg
kfOG5 .Æ
chGtfsf u'kmfx¿ ljzfn
hª\unsf] ljs6 7fpFdf x'gfn] Oltxf;sf] ue{df slt jif{ lanfP . x'g t tLdWo] s]xL
u'kmfx¿ :yfgLon] b]Vy] klg xf]nfg\ . la|l6; ;}lgs clkm;/ hf]g l:dyn] !*!( df ækQfÆ
nufPkl5 dfq klZrdfx¿nfO{ yfxf eof] . pgn] af3sf] l;sf/ ug{] qmddf :yfgLo
uf]7fnfsf] ;xof]u lnP/ otf cfpFbf u'kmf gDa/ !) b]v]sf x'g\ . cfh d km]l/ csf{]
hf]g l:dy ePsf] lyPF .
))))
afnaRrf
æhf8f] eof] .Æ ;Ltfn] 8'u8'u sfFKt} elgg\ . lr;f] t xfdL ;a}nfO{
eO/x]s} lyof] t/ pgsf em}F c¿ hgf 8'u8'u sfFk]gf}F . z/L/df /utsf] dfqf sd x'g]
dflg;nfO{ clnslt tfkqmd 36]df klg w]/} hf8f] eOxfN5 . xfdL chGtfaf6 a; r9]/
ev{/ afnfk'/ dfq cfOk'u]sf lyof}F . dxf/fi6«sf] o; v08df olta]nf klg olt lr;f]
x'g ;Stf] /x]5 .
aflx/ 3g3f]/ jiff{ eO/x]sf] lyof] . a; Psgf;n] blIf0ftkm{ u'l8/x]sf]
lyof] . ofq'x¿n] a;sf em\ofn 7Ls;Fu aGb u/]sf lyP . xfd|f] hf]8L cufl8sf] l;6df
/ OGb| ;/x¿sf] hf]8L xfdLeGbf 7Ls k5fl8kl§sf] l;6df lyof] .
em\ofnaflx/ cFWof/f] kf]lvg yfn]sf] lyof] . ;8ssf] b'j}tkm{ ds}v]tL
b]lvGy] . ;a} 7fpFdf ds}sf wfgrd/ jf 3f]uf cfpg nfu]sf lyP . otfsf ds} Psgf;] /
Psbd ;k|]sf b]lvGy] . a; lg/Gt/ ds}af/Lsf] aLraf6 blIf0flt/ bf}l8/x\of] . qmdzM
cFWof/f] a9\b} cfof] . cfh laxfg pHofnf] v;]b]lv dWok|b]z / dxf/fi6«df htf klg
skf;v]tL b]lvPsf] lyof] . st}st} rflxF ds}, s]/f, h'g]nf] / pv'sf v]tL klg
b]lvPsf lyP . hnufpFb]lv otf t nueu ;a}lt/ skf;v]tL dfq b]lvPsf] lyof] .
chGtfb]lv otf afnfk'/;Dd rflxF ds} g} ds} . cln blIf0f nfu]kl5 km]l/ skf;s}
v]tL cfof] . cFWof/f] a9\b} uPkl5 eg] aflx/ s]s:tf] 5, eGg ;Sg] l:ylt /x]g .
a]nfa]nf ;fgfltgf ufpF cfpFy] / lah'nLsf] dw'/f] pHofnf] kmfNy] . st}st} ;8s;Fu
hf]l8Psf ljzfn xf]6n b]lvGy] . oL chGtf–Pnf]/f cfpg] ;d'b|kf/sf ko{6s /
wgLdfgLnfO{ nlIft u/]/} agfPsf x'g\ eGg ;lsGYof] .
ca aflx/ lg:k§ cFWof/f] kf]lvof] . kfgL clns sd kg{ yfNof] / hf8f] klg
36Øf] . uf]n]ufpF k'u'Gh]ndf kfgL yfldO;s]sf] lyof] . o;kl5 af6fdf kfnf]8,
l;Nnf]8, œoDasgu/h:tf ;fgfltgf ahf/ cfP . km'nfDa/L cfPkl5 yfxf eof] oxfFaf6
;f]em} Pnf]/f hfg ;lsg] /x]5 . t/ jf;sf nflu cf}/ª\ufafb g} pko'St ;x/ lyof] .
æHj/f] s:tf] 5 <Æ d}n] OGb| ;/tkm{ kms{]/ ;f]w]F .
æ7Ls} 5 . clxn] sd eO;s]sf] 5 .Æ pxfFn] eGg'eof] . pxfFnfO{ efO/nsf]
Hj/f] ePh:tf] lyof] . ?3fn] pxfF Psbd u|:t x'g'ePsf] lyof] .
clu chGtf ljZj–;Dkbf:ynaf6 aflx/ lg:s]kl5 a; kqmL xfdL chGtfahf/ hfg
nfu]sf lyof}F . d}n] ;xofqLx¿nfO{ cfhsf] jf; ot} a:g' pko'St eg]sf] lyPF . lxhf]
laxfg lrqs"6af6 a; r9]/ kGgf x'Fb} vh'/fxf] / To;kl5 6]Dkf] / k}bn lxF8]/
lbge/ vh'/fxf] 3'Dbf t z/L/sf cª\ucª\u lzlyn eO;s]sf lyP . clg a; r9]/ ;tgf
cfpg' klg csf{] ;hfo lyof] . t/ Tof] ;hfo gsf6Lsg vh'/fxf] / chGtf–Pnf]/fsf]
e|d0f xfdLh:tf dWoljQ kl/jf/sf nflu ;Dej b]v]sf] lyOgF d}n] .
d aRrfaRrL eg]kl5 x'?Ss x'G5' . hLjg gfltgfltgf v]nfpg] pd]/df k|j]z
ug{ nfu]/ xf]nf, dl;gf s]6fs]6L b]Vtf 5f]Oxfn"F, v]nfOxfn"F, s]xL vfg
lbOxfn"F eP/ cfpF5 . ef/tLo 6«]gdf o;f] ug{ yflnof] eg] dxfcfkt\df kg{ a]/
nfUb}g . To;}n] glrg]sf afnaRrfnfO{ cleefjssf] ;Dk"0f{ lgu/fgL /
:jLs[lta]u/ cfslif{t ug{] s'g} ultljlw gu/]sf] a]; .
t/ ;tgfaf6 6«]gdf latfpg'k/]sf] /ftsf] ofqf afnaflnsfsf sf/0f g}
la;L{g;Sgfsf] eOlbof] . 5k/faf6 ;'/tsf nflu lxF8]sL Pp6L cfOdfO{sf tLgj6f aRrf
lyP . tL xfdLnfO{ x]bf{ klg x]b{}gy] t/ xfd|f xftuf]8f jf hLpdf blng], kmf]xf]/
xft k'5\g] jf kfgL 5\ofKg] cflb ul//xGy] . cfdfrflxFnfO{ eGof] eg] o;f] PskN6
tfGyL, t/ Ps ldg]6leqdf tL s'6fs'6 ub{} xfd|f emf]nf jf xftuf]8fdf rl9;Sy] .
ltgsf v'§fsf] lxnf], xftsf] kmf]xf]/ / 3fpvl6/f ;DemFbf clxn] klg Psbd lbªlbª
nfu]/ cfpF5 .
ltgn] xNnf, kmf]xf]/ / lyrf]ldrf] u/]/ slt b'Mv lbP, s] eGg] . dflg;n]
5f]/f5f]/L slt v/fa, c;Eo, kmf]xf]/L / emu8fn' agfpFbf /x]5g\ eGg] s'/fsf gd'gf
lyP tL . o:t} tl/sfn] x's{Fb} uP eg] logLx¿ s:tf vfnsf gful/s aGnfg\ eGg] k|Zg
af]s]/ d 6«]gaf6 cf]n{]sf] lyPF .
s]xL ;dokl5 t xfdL Tof] si6k"0f{ afx| 306f k"0f{ ¿kdf la;{]/
hnufpFsf] Pp6f xf]6ndf dL7f] vfgf vfg yflnxfn]sf lyof}F . vfgfkl5 a; kqm]/ ;f9]
tLg 306fdf chGtf cfOk'u]sf lyof}F . ofqfsf] o;} wk]8Ln] xf] OGb| ;/nfO{ Hj/f]
cfPsf] .
t/ chGtfsf] e|d0f ;s]/ jf; a:g lxF8]sf xfdL of] a; cf}/ª\ufafb hfg]
xf] / ef]ln laxfg} csf{] a; kqm]/ xfdLn] cf}/ª\ufafb g} k'Ug'kg{] xf] eg]kl5
OGb| ;/n] eGg'ePsf] lyof]– æolt dhfn] l;6 kfOPsf] 5 . ef]ln klg hfg] af6f] ot}
xf] eg] clxNo} hfcf}F .Æ
æTo;} u/f}F, To;} u/f}F .Æ ;Ltfn] klg ;dy{g hgfPsL lyOg\ . sdnf
Dofdsf] d'vdf x]/]F, pxfFn] klg cfklQ hgfPh:tf] b]lvgF .
xfdL cf}/ª\ufafb g} k'Ug] ePsf lyof}F .
))))
Hj/f]
lapFlemFbf laxfgsf] gf} alh;s]sf] /x]5 .
xfdL cf}/ª\ufafbsf] æxf]6n df]bL ;d|f6\Æ df e'OFtnfdf jf; a;]sf lyof}F
. lxhf] a]n'sf oxfF cfOk'Ubf /ftsf] ;f9] b; eO;s]sf] lyof] . c¿nfO{ a;kfs{d}
5f8]/ d nhsf] aGbf]a:t ug{ lxF8]sf] lyPF . a;kfs{sf] 5]p5fpsf xf]6ndf sf]7f
vf]Hbf rf}yf] jf kfFrf}F tnfsf sf]7f dfq e]l6Psf lyP . ;Ltfsf nflu of]
7"nf] ;d:of x'GYof] . Pp6f xf]6ndf lnkm\6sf] ;'ljwf e]l6of] t/ To;df Ps
;fdfGo sf]7fsf] b'O{ xhf/ eGof] . csf{] pko'St xf]6n ge]6] Ps /ftsf nflu
rf/hgfsf] 6f]nLn] s]xL 306fsf nflu ;'Tg dfq rf/ xhf/ ef/tLo ?lkofF vr{ ug'{kg{]
eof] .
d k'gM xf]6nx¿ rfxfg{ yfn]F . 5]j}sf] xf]6n df]bL ;d|f6\df e'OFtnfsf
b'O6f sf]7f ;fwf/0f b//]6df kfOof] . 5]psf] xf]6ndf uP/ vfglkg u/]/ cfpFbf
/ftsf] kf}g] Ps alh;s]sf] lyof] . OGb| ;/sf] Hj/f] cf}iflwn] lgoGq0f ug{ ;s]g .
/ftdf b'O{–tLgkN6 pxfFsf] cj:yf a'em\g hfUgfn] laxfg ca]/;Dd lgbfOP5 . p7\gf;fy
d pxfF ePsf] sf]7fdf uPF . Hj/f]] cem} p:t} u/L xgxGtL cfO/x]sf] / 5]pdf a;]/
sdnf Dofd /f]O/xg'ePsf] lyof] .
æd}n] eg]s} lyPF
lg, ghfcf}F eg]/, ;'g]g . ca o:tf] cfkt\ cfOnfUof] ====. s] ug{] ====<Æ
ælrGtf gnL g Û 7Ls eOxfN5 lg dnfO{ . cfh lbge/ cf/fd u5'{ . cf}iflw vfPkl5 7Ls
eOxfN5 lg ÛÆ OGb| ;/ DofdnfO{ ;DemfO/xg'ePsf] lyof]
.
hLjgdf s'g} klg
cf}iflw gvfPsf] dflg; pxfF, clxn] x/]s ;ft cf7 306fdf l;6fdf]n vfFbf klg Hj/f]
pRr 5Fb} lyof] . o; s'/fn] ;/nfO{ slt ql;t agfof], pxfFn] t JoSt ug'{ePg t/
Dofdsf] eoft'/tfn] xfdLnfO{ ;d]t cTofpg yfNof] .
dnfO{ o:tf]
a]nfdf dflg;nfO{ ;fGTjgf lbg cfpFb} cfpFb}g . ;Ltfn] rflxF 9f8; lbg sf]l;;
ul/g\– æ;/nfO{ k"/f 7Ls gxf]pGh]n st} ghfg] ca . o; ;x/df Ps;] Ps c:ktfn /
8fS6/ 5g\ eg]/ xf]6nsf] sd{rf/Ln] clu eg]sf] xf]Og < 8/fpg] s'/} 5}g . xfdL
5}gf}F <Æ
lxhf] chGtfdf
a;]sf eP klg xfdLn] cfh laxfg b; ah];Dddf cf}/ª\ufafb cfO;Sg'kg{] lyof] /
of]hgfcg';f/ vfglkg ;s]/ P3f/ ah]leqdf Pnf]/fsf nflu lxF8\g'kg{] lyof] .
Pnf]/faf6 kms{]/ oxLF cfO{ ;fFemdf l;/8L ;fO{gu/ k'Ug' lyof] . ef]ln
;fO{afafsf] bz{g / cf/tLdf ;xefuL ePkl5 a]n'sf sf]k/ufpFaf6 x}b/fafbsf nflu
;f9] 5 ah]sf] l6s6 lyof] 6«]gsf] . t/ Tof] 6«]g cf}/ª\ufafb eP/} hfg] x'gfn]
xfdL cem} Ps lbg oxLF cl8g klg ;SYof}F .
ætkfO{Fx¿ hfgf];\
. xfdL oxLF xf]6ndf a:5f}F . oxfF s] ;d:of 5 / < Ps–b'O{ ah];Dddf h;/L eP
klg cfOk'Ug'xf]nf . xfdL clns e/] vfglkg ug{]5f}F . vfgf vfPkl5 d cf}iflw vfG5'
. tkfO{Fx¿ hfgf];\ .Æ OGb| ;/n] eGg'eof] .
ætkfO{Fx¿ hfg
g;Sg] x'g'x'G5, xfdL klg ghfg] . la/fdLnfO{ 5f8]/ s;/L hfg] xfdL rflxF <Æ
d}n] eg]F .
æcfh ot} cf/fd
u/f}F . ef]ln klg lbge/ oxLF cf/fd u/f}F . ef]ln a]n'sf;Dddf kSs} 7Ls x'G5 .
efO/nsf] Hj/f] g xf] .Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
xfdL ca Pnf]/f
ghfg] ePsf lyof}F . OGb| ;/sf] cj:yfn] ef/tsf] ljZjk|l;4 Pnf]/f u'kmfx¿ x]g{
gkfOg] ePsf] lyof] . ljsNkdf ca s;f] ug'{ 7Ls x'g] xf], d ljrf/ ug{ nfu]F . cfh
oxLFsf kgrSsL / lajLsf dsa/f x]g{ ;lsGYof] . ;'gx/L dxn / l;4fy{ uf8]{g klg
glhs} lyP . xfdL cf}/ª\ufafbd} 5f}F eGg] ePkl5 OGb| ;/ / Dofdsf] lrGtf klg sd
x'g] lyof] .
pxfFx¿nfO{ ?Fu]/
a:g' g} t h?/L lyPg, t/ pxfFx¿sf] dgf]bzfnfO{ eg] cf8e/f];f rflxPsf] lyof] .
efO/nsf] Hj/f] ePsfn] lglZrt ;dokl5 :jtM 7Ls eOxfNg]jfnf lyof] t/ To;cl3sf]
;donfO{ ;xh / ;x\o agfpg' h?/L lyof] .
æhfgf];\ tkfO{Fx¿
. xfdL oxLF dhfn] cf/fd u5f{}F . ;s];Dd l56} cfpg'xf]nf .Æ OGb| ;/n] s7f]/
:j/df eGg'eof] . pxfFsf] af]nLdf c7f]6 lyof], ljZjf; lyof] / cfu|x lyof] .
æghfg] .Æ ;Ltfn]
elgg\ .
ætkfO{Fx¿n]
hfg}k5{ . oqf] of]hgf u/]/ cfPsf dflg;, dnfO{ clnslt Hj/f] cfof] eGb}df
;Dk"0f{ /x/ kl/Tofu ug{ ldN5 <Æ hfgf];\ . l56} uOxfNgf];\ a? . a]n'sf
lkmg{ l9nf] x'G5 . dnfO{ 7Ls ePg eg] cfhsf] /ft ot} a;f}Fnf . ef]ln a]n'sf dfq
lxF8f}}Fnf . s] 5 / <Æ
xfdL cfkm\gf]
sf]7fdf uof}F . xfdL ptf guP OGb| ;/nfO{ klg 7"nf] kl5tf] / Unflg x'g]
b]v]/ xfdL hfg tof/ eof}F ca . sd;] sd b'O{hgfn] t pSt :yfgsf] e|d0f ug{ ;Sof}F
eGg] x'G5 h:tf] nfUof] .
))))
s}nfz
dlGb/ Pnf]/f
o:tf] klg
ug'{kbf{] /x]5 . d'gfdbgsf] syf ;Dem]F . ef]6sf] ofqfdf dbgnfO{ Hj/f] cfPsf
a]nfdf ;fyLx¿n] 5f8]em}F OGb| ;/nfO{ 5f8]/ lxF8\of}F xfdL b'O{ .
cf}/ª\ufafb
;x/af6 kGw|–;f]x| lsnf]ld6/ k/ k'Ubf kxf8L v08 ;'? x'gf;fy a;sf] em\ofnaf6
bf}ntfafbsf] ljzfn lsNnf b]lvof] . dxf/fi6«sf ;ft cfZro{dWo] Ps xf] of] lsNnf .
lsNnfsf] aflx/L efu g} klg slt xf] slt eJo / 7"nf] b]lvGYof] . kvf{n}kvf{n
5g\ 9'ª\ufsf . k/ 7"nf] l9:sfdf lsNnfsf] d'Vo efu cfkm\gf] uf}/jzfnL
Oltxf; af]s]/ l7ª\u pleO/x]sf] lyof] . d"nåf/df ;jf/L;fwgx¿ kfls{ª ul/Psf
lyP . leq ;of}F ko{6s e|d0f ub{} x'g'k5{ eGg] b]lvof] t/ xfdL;Fu olt ljzfn
lsNnfsf] 9f]s}df k'u]/ klg 3'Dg] ;do lyPg .
df]xDdb lag
t'unsn] lbNnLaf6 oxfF / km]l/ oxfFaf6 lbNnL /fhwfgL ;f/] /] . pgn] vfg]kfgLsf]
cefj b]vfO{ /fhwfgL / ;Dk"0f{ ;x/nfO{ g} lbNnL a;fO ;f/]sf lyP /] . o;/L t'unsn]
slxn] lbNnL / slxn] bf}ntfafbnfO{ /fhwfgL agfP /] . ef/tsf] Oltxf;df ;a}eGbf
w]/}kN6 /fhwfgL ;fg{] zf;s log} t'uns x'g\ / pgsf kfnfdf of] ljzfn ;x/ lyof] /]
. t/ cfh vfln kvf{n, lsNnf / v08x/x¿sf] cgGt km}nfj6 dfq afFsL 5 .
;'Ntfg
luof;–pb–lbg t'unssf afa' t'sL{ bf; lyP . d]/f] dl:tis eP/ log} luof;–pb–lbgsf 5f]/f
df]xDdb lag t'unsn] rfn]sf cg]s /0fgLlts sbdx¿ 3'ld/x] . cfhsf] t]nfª\ufgf
/fHodf kg{] jf/ª\un /fHonfO{ lbNnLsf] zf;gsf] cwLgdf Nofpg pgn] n8]sf] sl7g
o'4, blIf0f ef/tsf s0ff{6s, tldngf8' / s]/nfsf zf;sx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] lgoGq0fdf Nofpg
u/]sf eLif0f n8fOF, pgsf] ;+:s[t efiffk|]d / ;gftg j}lbs wd{sf]
;+/If0f–;+j4{gdf pgsL lxGb" kTgLsf of]ubfg / k|oTgx¿ d]/f] dl:tisdf ljr/0f
ul//x] . hLjgsf] pQ/fw{df rflxF pgn] cfkm\gf] xftaf6 w]/} e"efu km'Ts]sf]
b]Vg'k¥of] . pQ/sf dª\uf]nx¿sf] cfqmd0f, ef/tLo lxGb" /fhfx¿sf] k|lt/f]w /
pGd'lStsf] 56k6fx6 / cfkm\g} kfl/jfl/s a]d]nn] pgsf] zf;g;Qf cf]/fnf] nfUof] /
pgLkl5 pgsf elthf kg{] lkm/f]h zfxn] lbNnLsf] ;Qf xTofP .
a; st} 3'dfp/f]
kxf8L t st} Psbd ;f]emf] d}bfgL af6f] eP/ hfFbf] /x]5 . kxf8sf 9'ª\uf
xfd|flt/sf eGbf s8f / sd rs{]sf x'Fbf /x]5g\ . kxf8rflxF xfd|flt/sf em}F r'Rrf
/ cUnf geO{ sd le/fnf / Psbd xf]rf 5g\ . jftfj/0f Psbd xl/ofnLk"0f{ 5 .
lgs}a]/;Dd bf}ntfafb lsNnfsf] @!) lkm6 cUnf] rfFb ldgf/ gfdsf] w/x/f
b]lvO/x]sf] lyof] . 8fF8fsf] 6'Kkfdf /x]sf] lrgL dxn cyf{t\ lrlgofF b/af/ klg
b]lvO/x\of] .
To;sf] s]xLa]/kl5
a; Pp6f ;–:ofgf] xf6ahf/h:tf] 7fpFdf k'u]/ cl8of] . oxL /x]5 Pnf]/f a; :6]G8 .
38L x]/]F .
lbgsf] ;f9] P3f/ ah]sf] /x]5 . nfOgdf a;]/ l6s6 sf6Øf}F . ef/tLo / ;fs{ d'n'ssf
ko{6sn] tL; ?lkofFsf] l6s6 sf6\g'kbf{] /x]5 eg] cGo d'n'ssf nflu k|j]z z'Ns
kfFr ;o ?lkofF nfUbf] /x]5 . nfOgdf xfdLeGbf 7Ls cufl8 plePsf] uf]/] ko{6sn]
kfFr ;osf] l6s6 sf6Øf] .
ækfFr ;o ?lkofF ÛÆ ;Ltfn] cfZro{ kf]lvg\ .
æltgLx¿sf nflu
kfFr ;o ?lkofF xfd|f nflu tL; ?lkofFeGbf sd xf] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
l6s6 xftdf lnP/
cln cufl8 csf{] nfOgdf a:g'kbf{] /x]5 . ;'/IffhfFr ;lsPkl5 xfdL leq k:of}F .
j/}af6 k/sf] l9:sfdf dflg;x¿sf] ;Nanfx6 b]lvof] . /ª\uLrª\uL n'ufdf l;Fufl/Psf
dflg;x¿ la:tf/} 8'ln/x]sf lyP . oxL lyof] s}nfz dlGb/ . ofqf ;'? x'gcufl8 d}n] o;sf
af/]df lgs}j6f lel8of] x]/]sf] lyPF, ljlslkl8of / ljls6«fendf hfgsf/L k9]sf]
lyPF . d}n] clu l6s6sf] nfOgdf xfd|f] cufl8 pleg] uf]/]nfO{ s}nfz dlGb/nfO{
k5fl8 kf/]/ xfdL b'O{sf] kmf]6f] lvlrlbg cg'/f]w u/]F .
ljzfn
km"naf/L x]b{} xfdL s}nfz dlGb/leq k:of}F .
kxf8L kfvfsf]
ljzfn 9'ª\ufnfO{ sf6]/ aLrdf dlGb/ / :tDex¿ clg jl/kl/ ljzfn a/G8fx¿,
k"hf:ynx¿ / cg]s ¿kfs[lt lgsflnPsf] 5, xfd|f kxf8lt/ ;8slsgf/sf] le/fnf]
kfvf] sf6]/ df6f] x6fO{ 3/ agfpg] hldg lgsfn]h:t} . d"nåf/leq k:gf;fy
xfdLnfO{ tfHh'a nfUg yflnxfN5 . d"nåf/af6 leq k;]kl5 ljzfn dlGb/ kl/;/ b[li6uf]r/
x'G5 . xfd|f] hgsk'/sf] hfgsL dlGb/sf em}F aLrdf d"n dlGb/ / jl/kl/ cfFug
5 . To;sf] jl/kl/ km]l/ csf{] ;+/rgf agfOPsf] 5 . t/ oxfFsf] dlGb/ hgsk'/sf]
eGbf lgs} 7"nf] 5 . dlGb/sf aflx/L leQfdf xfQL–3f]8f, /yx¿, z}j, j}i0fj /
zfSt ;Dk|bfo emNsg] u/L b]jtfx¿sf cf;gx¿ / cg]s lrqsfl/tf s'FlbPsf] 5 .
æPp6f 9'ª\ufnfO{
sf6]/ ag]sf] ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;+/rgf xf] of] . u'h/ftsf /fi6«s'n
j+zsf /fhf s[i0fn] cf7f}F ztfAbLdf agfpg nufPsf x'g\ .Æ ;Ltfn] d'v cfF afP/ xft
xNnfO{xNnfO{ cfkm\gf] cfZro{ k|s6 u/]sf] b]v]/ Pp6f d/f7L o'jsn] eGof] . p;sf]
xfpefp lgs} 7"nf] e|d0fbnsf] g]tfsf] h:tf] lyof] .
æxfdL g]kfnaf6
cfPsf, xfd|f] lel8of] lvlrlbgf];\ g .Æ
æx;\ .Æ p;n]
eGof] . p;n] xfdL b'O{sf] 5f]6f] lel8of] lvlrlbof] h;df d o; dlGb/sf] ljifodf
s]xL elg/x]sf] 5' . p;sf] ;d"xsf s]xL ;b:o;Fusf] kmf]6f] klg lvlrof] .
;a}n] v'a /dfOnf] dfg] .
j}i0fjdt tyf
zfStdtsf klg cg]s k|ltdfs[ltx¿ oxfF s'FlbPsf x'g''sf] cy{ of] Ps ;dodf ag]sf]
geP/ ljleGg ;dodf ljleGg /fhfx¿n] cfkm\gf] cf:yfcg'';f/sf] ¿k lbg
a9fpFb}–a9fpFb} o:tf] ag]sf] x'g;S5 . rfn'So / kNnj z}nLsf tL ljzfn dlGb/ Pp6f
9'ª\uf] sf6]/ agfOPsf x'g\ eg]/ kTofpg g} sl7g 5 t/ cfFvfcufl8 k|ToIf pkl:yt
;TonfO{ ljZjf; gu/L xfdLn] w/ kfpFb}gf}F .
k"/f
dlGb/sf] 3]/f nueu gAa] ld6/ u'gf krf; ld6/sf] 5 . To;sf jl/kl/ cf7–b; ld6/
rf}8f rf]scfFug 5 / cfFugb]lv ptf r§fgdf cg]s :tDe ePsf] kfFr–5 ld6/ rf}8fOsf]
a/G8f 5 . d"n dlGb/df ;f]x| :tDe 5g\ / dflyNnf] tnfdf leqL efudf k|sfzsf
nflu em\ofn 5g\ . e'OFtnfsf] aflx/L a/G8fdf lgs} w]/} :tDe 5g\ . dlGb/sf]
dflyNnf] tnfsf] ljzfn sf]7fdf lzjlnª\u / dfly l;lnª cflb b]Vtf d kxf8 sf6]/
agfOPsf] dlGb/df 5' eGg] k6Ss} nfUb}g . dlGb/ kl/;/leq k:gf;fy ToxfFsf] ¿kfs[lt
b]Vtf d t s] eg"F s] geg"F ePF . gGbL cyf{t\ a;fxf ePsf] b'O{tn]
dlGb/ nueu kRrL; lkm6 cUnf] 5 . gGbL dlGb/sf b'j} tnfdf xfdL dhfn] leq hfg
;S5f}F dfgf}F of] dlGb/ kSsLsf] agfOPsf] xf] . lzjlnª\u ePsf] dlGb/ b'O{tn] 5
t/ gGbL dlGb/eGbf clnslt cUnf] nfU5 .
aflx/L ;+/rgfdf
rflxF sxLFsxLF agfpg yfn]/ TolQs} lgdf{0ffwLg 5f8]sf u'kmf klg b]lvG5g\ . yk
lgdf{0f ubf{ ;+/rgf eTsg] of r'lxg] 8/ eP/ 5f8]sf] klg x'g;S5 .
dflg;x¿ kmf]6f]
lvRg], lel8of] lng] jf ko{6g ufO8sf] d2t lnP/ hfgsf/L a6'Ngdf nfu]sf b]lvG5g\ .
ef/tel/sf clg ef/taflx/sf klg dgUu] ofq' cfpFbf /x]5g\ . dxf/fi6«sf / blIf0f
ef/tsf dflg; g} a9L b]lvP . xfdLn] Pp6f o'js;Fu xfd|f] df]afOnn] kmf]6f]
lvlrlbg cfu|x u¥of}F . Tof] ef/tLo o'js cd]l/sfsf] Soflnkmf]lg{ofdf a:tf] /x]5
/ Psdlxg] 5'§Ldf aDaO{ 3/ cfPsf] /x]5 . d}n] xfd|L 5f]/L jfl;ª6g 8L;Ldf a:5]
eGbf pm v';L eof] .
æxfd|L 5f]/Ln]
klg o;/L 5'§L lnP/ cfPsL eP b]Vg kfpg] lyO{ .Æ cd]l/sfaf6 kms{]sf] dflg;;Fu e]6
x'Fbf ;Ltfsf] dg k"hfsf] ofbn] layf]lnof] .Æ
ælsg kL/ dfG5f}
< pm ;d'b| g5'g] b]zaf6 uP/ Tolt 6f9fsf] cfGw| dxf;fu/sf] lsgf/df a;]/ k9\b}
5] . cl:t 5'§L lnP/ k|zfGt dxf;fu/df kf}8L v]Ng k'luxfnL . ;+o'St /fHo
cd]l/sfsf] klZrdL lsgf/fsf] k|zfGt dxf;fu/df cfOk'Ubf p;nfO{ s:tf] nfUof] eGyL
< 3/}g]/ k'u]h:tf] cg'e"lt eof] elgg < dxf;fu/sf] kNnf] 5]paf6 t slt
6f9f 5 / xfd|f] b]z eGg] nfu]sf] eGyL, x}g < p;sf] af/]df lrGtf gn]pm . pm
ca ;+;f/sf] x/]s s'gfdf k'Ug ;Ifd eO;sL . p;n] w]/}j6f Pnf]/f b]lv;sL .Æ
æ;fgLn] klg b]Vg
kfOg===.Æ
æx]/ ;Ltf Û pgLx¿;Fu cufl8 l;ª\u} lhGbuL 5 . xfdLn] pgLx¿nfO{ ;'Gb/ / ;kmn hLjgsf
nflu cfjZos ;';+:sf/, g}ltstf, k|]d, of]Uotf, ;fdYo{, ;fx; / cfTdljZjf;
el/lbPsf 5f}F . olt wgL 5f]/Lx¿sf nflu Pnf]/f 6f9f x'Fb}g slxNo} .Æ
pgL r'k nflug\ .
xfdL dflyNnf] tnfsf] a/G8faf6 aflx/sf] kfs{, cfFug / dflg;x¿sf] rxnkxn x]g{
yfNof}F .
Psl5gkl5 ;Ltfn]
elgg\– æ;'hg 5f]/fn] cfpg kfPsf] eP slt /dfOnf] dfGg] lyP . lar/fn] l6s6
sfl6;s]/ klg SoflG;n ug'{k¥of] =====.Æ
;'hgn] o;kN6sf]
ofqfdf ;xefuL x'g w]/} /x/ u/]sf lyP . 3/af6 aNnaNn ;xdlt / :jLs[lt kfPsf]
dflg;, sDkgLn] 5'§L g} lbPg . a8f] v]b eof] . ;'hgnfO{ ;fFRr} /dfOnf] nfUg]
lyof] oxfF . ;xsdL{ elth k|sfz ;/ / ldq dgf]h ;/ klg cfpg 7"nf] OR5f /fVt}
x'g'x'GYof], t/ ;w}F cfkm"n] eg]h:tf] sxfF x'G5 /, pxfFx¿ cfpg kfpg'ePg .
æcª\sn;Fu o; ?6df
hfg kfpg' cToGt 7"nf] cj;/ xf] eGg] hfGbfhfGb} klg o;kfln cg's"ntf
h'6fpg ;lsgF .Æ l6s6 sf6\g'cl3 k|sfz ;/n] v]b k|s6 ub{} eGg'ePsf] lyof] . dgf]h
;/n] klg clGtd ;do;Dd klg hfg ;lsG5 ls eg]/ an ul//xg'ePsf] xf] t/ o;kN6
DofdnfO{ ;Grf] gx'gfn] pxfF cfpg kfpg'ePg .
x'g t hLjgbfh' /
lul//fh efOsf] klg ofqf ug{] dg lyof], t/ hLjgbfh'n] ofqf vlr{nf] x'g]] b]v]/
xf]nf, ;xefuL x'g rfxg'ePg . pxfFn] æ:jf:Yo 7Ls 5}g . ;lStgF xf]nf .Æ eg]/ eGg'ePsf]
lyof] . d]/f] udL{ labf ;'? x'Fbf lul//fh efOsf] ljBfnosf] udL{ labf ;lsO;s]sf]
lyof] . ;do ldNg g;s]/ pm klg xfdL;Fu cfpg kfPsf] lyPg . gf/fo0fsf] ;d:of klg
lul//fhs} h:tf] ePsfn] p;n] klg o; ofqfdf ;xefuL x'g ;Dej ePg .
xfdL k'gM
dlGb/sf] d"nåf/lt/ kmSof}{F . cfFugdf v8f /x]sf] Tof] ljzfn xfQL, Tof]
ljzfn :tDe / dflyNnf] tnfdf hfg] l;F9L klg lj:dosf/L nfUof] . 7\ofSs} cfw'lgs
kSsL 3/sf] h:tf] nfU5 Tof] l;F9L . ;a} kj{t vf]k]/ agfPsf] eGg] r]tgf cfpgf;fy
xfd|f] cfZro{efj w]/} u'gf a9\g k'U5 .
hlt x]b{} uof],
plt o;sf] km}nfj6, jf:t'lj1fg / dxŒj a'em\b} hfG5f}F / o;;Fu} xfd|f] cfZro{efj
emg\ a9\b} hfG5 . dflg;sf] cf:yf, snfk|]d / ;fdYo{ b]Vtf oxfF rlst kl/G5 .
cfheGbf t]x|–rf}w ;o jif{cl3 Pp6f ljzfn r§fg sf6]/ / s'Fb]/ agfOPsf] ;+/rgf
b]v]/ ljl:dt / rlst x'g d Pnf]/f cfPsf] lyOgF, t/ oxfFsf] lj:dosf/L dlGb/ /
kl/;/ b]v]kl5 dnfO{ ca ofqf k"0f{ eof] eGg] nfUof] . ca ofqf oltd}
6'ª\UofP/ 3/ kms{g dg eof] . dl/xflnof] eg] ca hLjgdf s]xL gb]vL dg'{k¥of] eGg]
v]b /xg]5}g eGg] nfUbf] /x]5 oxfF cfO;s]kl5 .
xfdL s}nfz
dlGb/sf] ljzfntf / eJotfn] b; ldg]6sf nflu dfq oxfF 3'Dg cfPsf dflg; t emGg} Ps
306f cNdlnof}F . clg xtf/xtf/ cGo u'kmflt/ nfUof}F . kGw| gDa/ u'kmf bzfjtf/
u'kmf xf] . ljzfn g} /x]5 . rf}w / t]x| gDa/ u'kmfnfO{ rflxF aflx/af6} x]¥of}F
. h'g;'s} u'kmfdf hfg klg s]xL v'8\lsnf r9\g}kg{] / ;Ltfsf] 3'F8fn] ;fy glbg]
x'gfn] xfdLn] w]/}lt/ hfg g} kfPgf}F .
afx| / b; gDa/
u'kmfsf] af/]df d}n] w]/} ;'g]sf] x'gfn] ltgnfO{ rflxF gx]/L cl3 a9\g ;lsPg .
otflt/ tLgtn] ljzfn b/af/h:tf agfPsf /x]5g\ kxf8sf ljzfn r§fg vf]k]/ . o:tf]
b]v]/ hf] klg lhNn k5{ . k|To]s tnfdf a8]a8] xn 5g\ . st} k/ leQfdf eujfg\
a'4sf] k|jrg d'b|f vf]lkPsf] 5 t st} eujfg\sf] Wofgd'b|f / lj>fdd'b|f 5g\ .
d"lt{x¿ ljlzi6 sflnu8sf s[lt b]lvG5g\ .
Ps gDa/b]lv
afx|;Dd af}4 u'kmf /x]5g\, !# gDa/ b]lv @( ;Dd lxGb" / #) b]lv #$
h}gwdf{jnDaLn] agfPsf /x]5g\ . x'g t hDdfhDdL ;o u'kmf 5g\ /] . ltgLdWo] #$ dfq
;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu v'nf ul/Psf /] . snfTdstfsf lx;fan] u'kmf gDa/ !) ;a}eGbf
rdTsf/k"0f{ nfUof] . leQf, :tDe / l;lnªdf s'FlbPsf lrqsf/Ln] lbg] lj:dosf]
5fk xfd|f] dl:tisdf cld6 aGb5 .
b; gDa/ u'kmfsf]
cufl8 lgdsf] Pp6f em\ofDd k/]sf] 7"nf] ¿v 5 . To;sf] km]bdf /fd|f] kmn}Frf
agfOPsf] 5 . b; gDa/ u'kmf 3'd]/ aflx/ lg:s]kl5 ;Ltf To; kmn}Frfdf a:g rflxg\ .
cem w]/} s'/f x]g'{ lyof], w]/} 7fpFdf k'Ug' lyof] . t/ pgn] elgg\– ædnfO{
Ps}l5g cf/fd ug{ lbg'xf];\ . w]/} yfs]F . a? xh'/ Psb'O{ u'kmf x]g{ hfg'xf];\ .
d oxLF klv{/fV5' .Æ
pgnfO{ ToxLF
5f8]/ u'kmf gDa/ gf}lt/ nfu]F . of] klg ;Ltfn] gx]/L gx'g] /x]5 . kms{]/ d
km6fkm6 pgL eP7fpF k'u]F .
;Ltf ¿vkl§ kms{]/
lgx'l/PsL lyOg\ . pgL ;kmf, ;'Gb/ / xl/of] kl/j]zsf aLr /ftf] a'§]
s'tf{–;'?jfndf rlDsnL b]lvOg\ . pgsf] sfgd'lGt/ uf]/f] 3fF6Ldf 3'ld|Psf] clnslt
sfnf] skfnnfO{ kl/j]zn] emg\ ;'Gb/ agfPsf] lyof] .
To; ;'Gb/
kl/j]zdf pgsf] cg'xf/ clncln b]lvg] kmf]6f] ;fFRr} nf]enfUbf] x'g] b]lvof] .
d}n] b'O{tLg kf]h kmf]6f] lvlrxfn]F . cem glhs k'u]/ x]5'{ t ;nsf] ;Ksf]n] pgL
t cfF;' k'l5/x]sL Û d cndNn k/]F .
pgsf] 3'F8f] b'v]/ c;x\o ePsf] x'g;SYof], 3/b]lv olt w]/} 6f9f cfOk'Ubf
PSnf]kgn] w]/} ;tfPsf] x'g;SYof], 3'F8fsf sf/0fn] ;a}lt/ cjnf]sg ug{ gkfPsf]
s'/fn] kf]n]sf] klg x'g;SYof] . lxhf] chGtfdf cfOk'u]kl5 ddf a'afsf] ofb Psbd
68\sf/f] eP/ cfPsf] lyof] . lxhf] Tof] k|;ª\u ;'gfPsf] eP cfh lognfO{ oxfF
cfPsf a]nf a'af–cfdfsf] ;Demgf pu| eP/ cfPsf] x'g;SYof], wGg ;'gfOg5' eGg]
nfUof] . o;a]nf pgnfO{ s] eg]/ ;fGTjgf lbg' 7Ls x'g] xf], 5]pdf r'krfk pleP/ d
;f]Rg yfn]F .
kl/l:yltsf]
cfFsng ug{ c;dy{ ePsfn] d ls+st{Joljd"9 lyPF . d"v{ sbd rfNg' eGbf
df}gtf 7Ls lyof] . sxfFb]lv ;f]wk'5 yfNg] xf], s'g zAbn] ;fGTjgf lbg] xf] /
s:tf] Jojxf/ k|bz{g ug'{kg{] xf] d Psbd c;dGh;df k/]F .
s]xLa]/kl5 pgsf]
bfofF sfFwdf bflxg] xft /fv]/ pgsf] Wofg cfsif{0f ug{ vf]h]F, :kz{åf/f ;fGTjgf
lbgsf nflu . dnfO{ nfU5, :kz{åf/f k|]d, ljZjf;, ;fGTjgf jf ;dj]bgf cleJoSt ug'{
;a}eGbf k|efjsf/L x'G5 . st} k9]sf] ofb cfof], xfQLsf] 5fjfnfO{ p;sf] dfpn] jf
c¿ s'g} xfQLn] nuftf/ tLg dlxgf;Dd :g]xk"j{s 5f]Pg eg] To;}sf] rf]6n] Tof]
5fjf d5{ . To; 5fjfnfO{ s'g} xfQLn] 5'g cg's"n gx'Fbf dflg;n] ;'D;'DofP
klg sfd rN5 . dfofn' :kz{df h'g hfb" x'G5, dfofn' :kz{df h'g tfut x'G5,
Tof] c¿ s]xLdf klg x'Fb}g .
pgn] d]/f] b]a|]
xft RofKk ;dfltg\ . pgLleq ;+j]usf] af9L d}n] ;f]r]eGbf a9L pn{]sf] /x]5 . pgL
cfjfh lgsfn]/ ;'FS;'sfpg yflng\ .
s]xLa]/kl5 d}n]
b]a|]kl§sf] u'kmf b]vfpFb} eg]F– æeof] . hfcf}F . u'kmf gDa/ gf} klg ltdLn]
gx]/L gx'g] vfnsf] /x]5 . lxF8f}F . cf;{ nf]ª\uf efO6f a|f]l;; .Æ
æxh'/ dnfO{ dfof
ug'{x'G5 ====.Æ pgsf sDkfodfg / c>'ldl>t zAb To; lgdsf] km]bsf] kmn}Frf /
zfGt kl/j]zdf t/ª\lut eP .Æ
æltdL dnfO{ dfof
u5f}{ .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æPnf]/fsf] o;
cnf}lss ce"tk"j{ ;+;f/df xh'/n] dnfO{ Nofpg'eof] ======.Æ
æltdL d;Fu cfpg
dfGof} ===.Æ
æd}n] æghfg]Æ
eg]/ krf;kN6 c8\8L lnPsL x'F, xh'/n] dnfO{ krf;kN6 ;DemfOa'emfO / cg'/f]w u/]/
oxfF cfpg ;xdt kfg'{ePsf] xf] . of] b]je"ld b]Vg afFsL g} lyof] /x]5 .
xh'/ dnfO{ ====dfof ====ug'{x'G5 =====.Æ a]xf]; x'g nfu]sf] dflg;sf] h:tf]
:j/df pgn] elgg\ . pgsf cfFvf 8A8afPsf lyP . pgL cfkm"n] ;dft]sf] d]/f]
b]a|] xft g5f8Lsg 8A8afPsf cfFvfn] d]/f cfFvfdf lglg{d]if x]l//lxg\ .
))))
;do cf]/fnf]
nflu;s]sf] lyof] . la/fdLnfO{ sf]7}df 5f8]/ Ps ah] cfOk'Ug] ljrf/n] lxF8]sf
xfdL b'O{ ah];Dd t u'kmfd} x/fP5f}F . xfdLn] Psb]lv ;f]x|;Ddsf u'kmfdfq x]g{
Eofof}F .
æOGb| ;/ / Dofdn]
of] ljlrqtf b]Vg kfpg'ePg, oxfFaf6 c¶fO; lsnf]ld6/ klt{/;Dd cfOk'u]/ klg====.Æ
;Ltfn] v]b dfGb} elgg\ .
æxf] lg, t/ ca s]
ug{ ;lsG5 / < xfdLn] ;s];Dd lnP/} cfpg sf]l;; u/]s} xf}F . o;kN6sf nflu pxfFx¿
cfpg kfpg'ePg, s'g} lbg cfpg'xf]nf lg .Æ cfzfsf] lemNsf] lgefpg'x'Fb}g eg]/ dfq
oL zAb lg:s]sf lyP d]/f .
ædfG5]n] kxf8
vf]k]/ agfPsf u'kmf t x'g\, chGtfh:t}, t/ clns 7"nf /x]5g\, TolQ xf] eGg'k5{
pxfFx¿nfO{ . gq pxfFx¿nfO{ kl5tf]n] Psbd lk/f]Ng]5 .Æ ;Ltfn] cfkm}F ;dfwfg
lgsflng\ .
ljZj;Dkbf
;"rLdf /x]sf oL æ/s–s6Æ ;+/rgf lsg ljZjsf dxfg\ cfZro{df k/]gg\ d otf cfZro{df
k/]sf] 5' .
))))
;fO{gu/
æhfg}k5{ lg .
oqf] af6f] cfP/ ;fO{afafsf] bz{g gu/L klg sf]xL kms{G5 <Æ OGb| ;/n] eGg'eof]
.
æ;/ Û oxfFnfO{ ;Grf] 5}g . o:tf] a]nfdf glxF8f}F, wk]8Ln] emg\ d'l:sn
kg{;S5 . cfh ot} a;f}F, ghfcf}F . ;fO{afafn] km]l/km]l/ af]nfOxfNg'x'G5 lg .
ef]ln a]n'sf sf]k/ufpFaf6 r9\g] l6s6 5, t/ Tof] 6«]g cf}/ª\ufafb eP/} hfg] xf],
oxLF r9f}Fnf g .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æTo;f] xf]Og .
;fO{afafn] xfdLnfO{ o;}kN6 cfpg eGg'ePsf] 5 .Æ OGb|;/sf] c7f]6 b[9 eP/ cfof] .
t/ pxfFsf] Hj/f] 7Ls eO;s]sf] lyPg . cf}iflw vfO/x]sf] dflg;, lxF8f}F ls
lxF8f}F elg/xg'eof] .
o;f] ;f]r]F,
tLg–;f9] tLg 306fdf ;fO{gu/ k'luxflnPnf . clxn] ;f9] rf/ aHof] . cf7 ah];Dddf
kSs} k'luG5 .
t/ a; kqmFb}df
;f9] kfFr aHof] . krkGg–;f7L lsnf]ld6/dfq xf]nf eg]sf] t of] a; 3'Db}3'Db}
hfFbf] /x]5, Ps ;o tL; lsnf]ld6/ kf] 3'dfof] . a; nf]sn xf] Sof/, hxfF / hlta]/
klg /f]lsGYof] .
Psflt/ OGb|;/sf]
Hj/f] a]tf]8;Fu cfO/x]sf] 5, csf{]lt/ a; sltv]/ cfjfheGbf hf]8n] s'b\5 t slxn]
:6]G8 e]§fPdf cfwf 306f /f]lsG5 . xfdL ;/–Dofdsf] 7Ls bfofFkl§ 5f}F . ;/ s'g}
a]nf pF£g'x'Fbf] /x]5, d eg] cflQg k'Uy]F, Hj/f]n] a]xf]; u/fpg yfNof] ls eg]/
. lgb|fdf pxfF hlt em'Ng'x'GYof] plt dnfO{ tgfj x'GYof] . cf}/ª\ufafb 5f8]sfdf
3f]/ kl5tf] / cTof;n] dgdf b/f] u/L 3/ ug{ yfNof] .
sdnf Dofdsf] xfnt
t emg\ slt v/fa eof], d cg'dfg dfq ug{;S5' . t/ pxfF klg a]nfa]nf pF£g
yflnxfNg'x'GYof] . pxfF klg pF£g'x'Fbf rflxF dnfO{ clns 9'Ss x'GYof], pxfF 3f]/
a]r}gLdf x'g'x'Gg eg]/ dnfO{ ;fGTjgf ldNYof] . ;LtfnfO{ Psbd sd lgb|f nfU5
3/}df klg, af6fdf lgbfpg] t sNkg} gu/f}F, /flt xf]6nsf cf/fdbfoL la5\of}gfdf
;d]t logL lgbfpFlbgg\ . ;Ltfsf] clgb|f d]/f nflu csf{] 6fpsf]b'vfO aGb} uPsf]
lyof] .
af6fdf cg]s ahf/
cfP, ufpF cfP, v]tLkftL cfP / lgh{g a~h/ e"ld cfP . t/ d]/f] dg OGb| ;/sf]
:jf:Yolt/} lyof] . a; s'b\g] af6fsf b'O{lt/ em'Kkfsf em'Kkf cgf/ kmn]sf lyP .
tL ;fgf af]6nfO{ kmn yfDg klg d'l:sn lyof] / w]/}h;f] af]6nfO{ 9Ngaf6 arfpg
6]sf] nufOlbPsf lyP . a; 306f}F s'b] klg /ftf cgf/sf /x/nfUbf em'Kkf b]lvO/x],
t/ xfdLnfO{ tL ;adf /dfpg] km';{t lyPg . a]nfa]nf ;Ltf cgf/sf tL ljzfn v]tLdf
cfFvf k'¥ofpFlyg\ / rlst alGyg\ .
;f9] b; ah] a;n]
xfdLnfO{ l;/8L ;fO{gu/ k'¥ofof] . d a;af6 cf]n{gf;fy s]s;f] ug'{kg{] xf],
of]hgf agfpg yfn]F . a;af6 em/]kl5 ;a}eGbf klxn] jf;sf] aGbf]a:t ug'{ lyof] .
eStlgjf;–! df sf]7f ldNof] . sf]7f aGbf]a:t u/L vfglkg u/]/ ;'Tbf 8]9 ah]sf]
lyof] .
))))
æof] klg ljlrqs}
;+;f/ /x]5 . tkfO{F klg sxfFsxfF nUg'x'G5 xfdLnfO{ ====.Æ eSthgsf] nfOgnfO{
Jojl:yt u/L cufl8 a9fPsf] b]v]/ ;Ltfn] elgg\ . ;a}eGbf cufl8 xftdf u'nfkmsf]
km"n lnPsf] d lyPF . d]/f k5fl8 ;Ltf / pgLkl5 b'O{rf/hgf d/f7Lx¿ lyP .
To;kl5 dfq OGb| ;/ / Dofd x'g'x'GYof] . ;fO{bz{gsf nflu nfOgdf a;]sf xhf/f}F
ef/tLox¿sf aLrdf xfdL klg ldl;Psf lyof}F .
dlGb/df xhf/f}F
bz{gfyL{x¿nfO{ Jojl:yt 9ª\un] nfOgdf /xg v08v08 kf/]/ kfnf] ldRg gldNg]
agfOPsf] b]lvG5 eg] udL{ ;dodf cfpg] eSthgsf] ;'ljwfsf nflu Psbd
7"nf7"nf Po/s'n/x¿ h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . ljzfn xnx¿df xfjfsf] k|jfx sfod
ug{ / udL{ sd ug{ eg]/ htftt} kª\vf;d]t hf]8]sf 5g\
. xfdL bz{gfyL{sf] ;'/Iff, 3'OFrf] lgoGq0f / ;'ljwfsf k|aGwx¿sf] cjnf]sgaf6
w]/} k|efljt eof}F .
ca OGb| ;/sf]
Hj/f] w]/} sd eO;s]sf] lyof] . pxfF zfGt / k|;Gg d'b|fdf x'g'x'GYof] .
lxhf] a]n'sf
vfPsf] cgf/n] dnfO{ rflxF sfd ug{ yfn]sf] lyof] . To;} t d ;w}F 3fF6Lsf] /f]uL,
dnfO{ cgf/sf] lr;f]n] ubf{ vf]sL nfUg yfn]sf] lyof] . ca ?3f klg nfUof] eg]
Hj/f] cfOxfNg]jfnf lyof] . lxhf] /flt eStlgjf;aflx/ lg:sFbf d"nåf/}g]/
cgf/sf e'OFk;n]x¿ nx/} lyP . ltgLx¿ s/fpFb} lyP– ænUg'xf];\, nUg'xf];\ . cgf/
aL; ?lkofF lsnf] . of] ;Kk} nu]df Ps ;o ?lkofF ÛÆ
clns /fd|f cgf/
k|ltlsnf] aL; ?lkofF / a9L bfu nfu]sf rflxF b; ?lkofF k|ltlsnf] a]lr/x]sf lyP
tL . tfhf cgf/ olt ;:tf] kfOg] eP/ d}n] Ps lsnf]u|fd lsg]/ nu]sf] lyPF . /ftdf
cfwf lsnf]hlt vfof}F xf]nf tLghgfn], To;n] cfkm"nfO{ rflxF 3fF6L RofKk
kfl/xfn]sf] 5 .
nfOgdf a:g]sf
nflu vfg]kfgLsf] k|aGw klg 5 . b"w r';fpg'kg{] aRrf af]s]sL cfdfsf nflu
;f] k|of]hgsf nflu ;fgf sf]7fsf] klg Joj:yf 5 . ckfª\u, czSt /
a"9fa"9Lsf nflu cnUu} nfOgdf nfUg] k|aGw 5 . o;afx]s d}n] yfxf gkfPsf
c¿ w]/}yf]s k|aGw xf]nfg\, htftt} :jod\;]jL / ;'/IffsdL{x¿ eSthgsf] ;'ljwfsf
nflu vl6/x]sf b]lvGy] .
w]/}a]/kl5, egf}F
kfFr 306fhlt nfOgdf a;]kl5, xfdLn] bz{g ug{] kfnf] cfof] . oxfF ;fO{afafnfO{
km"n of c¿ s]xL r9fpg gkfOg] /x]5 . eujfg\sf] bz{g ug{] / OR5's bftfn]
u'Ktbfg ug{] k|aGw /x]5 . ;xsdL{ ;fyL clenfiff k/fh'nLn] ;fO{afafsf kfpdf r9fpg
s]xL ef/tLo ?lkofF d]/f xft k7fpg'ePsf] lyof], ;f] k};f ToxL bfgk]l6sfdf
v;fOlbPF . xfdL x/]sn] cfkm\gf] OR5fcg';f/sf] /sd bfg u¥of}F .
df]afOn, h'QfrKkn
cflb ptf h'Qf3/df lhDdf nufOPsf] lyof] . xftsf] u'nfkmsf] km"n
;fO{afafnfO{ r9fpg gkfOg] s'/f] nfOgdf nfUg'cl3 ;'/IffhfFrsLn] eg]sf] lyof] .
Tof] u'nfkmsf] km"n ;fO{bz{gkl5 bz{g ul/g] b]jLsf] k|ltdfdf r9fpg] ul/Fbf]
/x]5 . aflx/ lg:sFbf ;f9] afx| alh;s]sf] lyof] . xfdL ;j{k|yd ;fO{ ;+:yfgsf]
lrof3/df uP/ lrof vfof}F / aflx/ lg:s]/ xf]6ndf vfgf vfof}F . eStlgjf;af6 labf
eO{ lg:sFbf nueu b'O{ ah]sf] x'Fbf] xf] .
-eStlgjf;, l;/8L
;fO{gu/, dxf/fi6«_
æTo; ;x/df slxNo}
rf]/L x'Fb}g . dflg;x¿n] 3/df tfnf em'G8\ofpFb}gg\ .Æ– snfno O6x/Lsf cWoIf
;f]g" hoGtLn] s'/}s'/fdf Ps lbg zlg lzu0ffk'/sf af/]df eGg'ePsf] lyof] .
pT;'stfjz d}n] OG6/g]6 rfxf/]/ o;sf] af/]df w]/} ;f]wLvf]hL u/]sf] lyPF . xf]
/x]5 . of] klg k'Ug}kg{] :yfg /x]5 . oxfF klg ;fO{bz{gaf6 lg:s]sf eSthgx¿nfO{ 6ØfS;Ljfnfx¿
s/fO/xFbf /x]5g\– æP Û zlg lzu0ffk'/ ÛÛ 8]9 ;o ?lkofF k|ltJolSt dfq ÛÆ
xfdL zlg
lzu0ffk'/ hfg tof/ kl/xfNof}F . Pp6f 6ØfS;Ln] ;o ?lkofF k|ltJolSt nlulbg dfGof]
. af6fdf cgf/sf ;'Gb/ af/Lx¿ b]lvO/x] . st}st} pv'af/L klg cfpFy] . /xftf,
aefn]Zj/, sf]Nxf/ cflb ;fgfltgf ahf/ cfP . k|j/f gbL t/]kl5 hldg cem
xl/of]el/nf] / dlnnf]–pAhfp b]lvof] . /fx'/L ahf/rflxF cln lgs} 7"nf] /x]5
. d'nf gbL t/]kl5 rflxF pv'sf] v]tL Hofbf b]lvof] . /fx'/Laf6 /fhdfu{ 5f8L
xfd|f] uf8L clns a]rNtLsf] u|fdL0f ;8s eP/ cl3 a9\of] .
Ps 7fpFdf pv'
k]Ng] sf]n /x]5 . uf]?n] kmgkmgL 3'd]/ pv' k]Nbf] /x]5 . k|frLg k|ljlw b]Vtf
/dfOnf] nfUof] . xfdL ;a}n] ToxfFsf] pv'sf] /; Ps–Ps lunf; lkofF} .
zlg lzu0ffk'/
k'Ubf sl/a ;f9] tLg ah]sf] lyof] . oxfF zlgb]jnfO{ tf]/Lsf] t]n ck{0f ul/Fbf]
/x]5 . xfdLn] klg clnslt tf]/Lsf] t]n lsGof}F . clg bz{gfy{ nfOgdf a:of}F . of]
dlGb/ klg 7"nf] /x]5 / lbgx'F 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf eSthg cfpFbf /x]5g\ . Ps
306fhlt ;do nfOgdf a;]kl5 zlgb]jsf] bz{g ug{] kfnf] cfOxfNof] . ;Ltfn] xfdL
b'j}sf] tkm{af6 zlgb]jnfO{ tf]/Lsf] t]n r9fOg\ . sdnf Dofdn] pxfFx¿ b'j}sf]
tkm{af6 r9fpg'eof] .
s]xL kmf]6f]
lvr]/ xfdL aflx/ lg:Sof}F . cf}/ª\ufafb hfg] a; ;dfTg 3f]8]ufpF k'Ugsf nflu 6]Dkf]
e]l6OxfNof] .
))))
ls;fg;Fu
a]n'sfsf] gf} ah]
. 6«]g lxF8\of] . Pp6f ;fwf/0f df]6fO ePsf] ;]tf s'tf{;'?jfn nufPsf] dflg;
cfof] . To; dfG5]sf] lgwf/df nfdf] / lgs} ulx/f] vt lyof] . lrpF8fdf klg 5f]6f]
vt lyof] . skfn nueu ;a} km'n]sf] pm clns xf]rf] / uf]/f] j0f{sf] lyof] .
d';'Ss d':sfpFb} pm dg]/ pleof] .
æa:gf];\ .Æ cfkm"
clnslt ;/]/ 7fpF agfpFb} xftn] O;f/f ub{} d}n] eg]F .
æoxLF hngf;Dd dfq
hfg] xf] ===.Æ olt eg]/ pm d]]/f] 5]pdf a:of] .
Tof] dflg; d]/}
pd]/sf] cyf{t\ krf;–krkGg jif{sf] x'g'k5{ eGg] d}n] nv sf6]F . p;n] d':sfpFb}
;f]Wof]– æsxfFaf6 cfpg'ePsf] <Æ
æg]kfnaf6 .
dWoef/tsf] e|d0fdf lg:s]sf . xfdL O6x/L eGg] ;x/af6, pxfFx¿sf] 3/rflxF
sf7df8f}F ====.Æ d}n] dflyNnf] ay{df a:g'ePsf OGb| ;/ / sdnf DofdnfO{ b]vfPF .
æslt 7fpF
3'ld;Sg'eof] xh'/x¿ <Æ p;sf] af]nLdf lgs} lzi6tf lyof] .
æk6gf, kfjfk'/L,
gfnGbf, /fhlu/, lrqs"6 / vh'/fxf] . To;kl5 chGtf, Pnf]/f, l;/8L ;fOgu/ /
zlg lzu0ffk'/ . cfh gjf}F lbg xf] xfd|f] ofqfsf] . ca x}b/fafb, ljhojf8f /
ljzfvfk60fd\ hfg] .Æ
æ;fO{afafsf] bz{g
u/]/ cfkm\gf] hLjg wGo kfg'{eP5 . v';L nfUof] .Æ
æxfdLnfO{ klg
oltsf w]/} bz{gLo :ynx¿sf] e|d0f ug{ ;kmn ePsfdf w]/} xif{ nfu]sf] 5 .
tkfO{Fsf] 3/ sxfF xf] lg <Æ d}n] eg]F .
o;}a]nf lbNnLaf6
cfsfz clwsf/L HjfOFsf] kmf]g cfof] . pxfFnfO{ eg]F– æofqf of]hgfd'tflas g} rNb}
5 .Æ
æ/fd]Zj/ xf]
xfd|f] ufpFsf] gfd . hngfaf6 lrvnL hfg] a; kqmg'k5{ . hfdjf8L tnfpg]/ 5 xfd|f]
;fgf] ufpF . hngfaf6 gf} lsnf]ld6/ t xf] . ufpFdf h;n] klg xh'/nfO{ xfd|f] 3/
b]vfOlbg]5g\ . df]xgnfn e}ofsf] 3/ eGb} vf]Hg'eP e]l6xfNg'x'g]5 . d]/f]
k"/f gfd df]xgnfn n;s/ xf] . 7"nf] 5f]/fsf] gfd zflGtnfn / ;fgf]
5f]/fsf] gfd Zofd xf] .Æ d}n] kmf]g /fv]kl5 p;n] eGof] .
æxh'/–xh'/ .
d]/f] rflxF gfpF lbg]z kf}8]n xf] . dnfO{ otfsf] u|fdL0f hLjg glhsaf6 lgofNg]
/x/ 5 .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æcfpgf];\ g
xfd|f] ufpFdf . u0f]z rf}yL cfpg nfUof] ca . u0f]z rf}yLdf u0fklt afKkfsf] sqf]
eJo k"hf / d]nf x'G5 ufpFdf . afKkfsf] d"lt{ 8f]nLdf /fv]/ ufpF g}
plN6P/ xfdL Tolt 6f9fsf] dfnfrf u0fklt dlGb/df hfG5f}F . gGbk'/, ujfnL kf]v/L,
af]/v]8L, w/sNof0f, uf]G8]ufpF / s8jfGrLb]lv dflg; cf]Ol/G5g\ . Psbd}
7"nf] pT;j x'G5 .Æ
ætkfO{Fx¿ s:tf
3/–cfFugdf a:g'x'G5, s'g ;dodf s]–s:tf] vfgf vfg'x'G5, tkfO{Fx¿ s'g ;dodf s]s]
sfd ug'{x'G5, o:tf s'/f hfGg dg nfU5 . tkfO{Fx¿sf v';L, /dfOnf], pT;j, d]nf,
b'Mv, 8/ / ;kgfx¿ glhsaf6 :kz{ ug{ dg nfU5 dnfO{ .Æ
æhxfF klg ufpFsf]
hLjg pxL t xf] . v]tdf sfd ug'{k5{ . ls;fg ePkl5 dWolbgsf] tftf] 3fd eGg
kfOFb}g . ux'Fsf] ;dodf ux'F sf6\g kl/xfNof], skf; km'6]kl5 af]n l6Kg'
kl/xfNof] . d]/f] hDdf b'O{ x]S6/ v]t 5 . ;fgf] ls;fg x'F d . s;}s;}sf] t
aL;kRrL; x]S6/ klg 5 . pgLx¿sf cfkm\g} 6«ØfS6/;d]t 5g\ .Æ
æxfdLsxfF kfgL
Psbd w]/} k5{, oxfFsf] eGbf jif{df tLg–rf/u'0ff Hofbf . o; ;dodf xfd|flt/
;+;f/} hndUg 5 . htftt} vf]nf 5g\ / vf]nfdf eLif0f af9L cfpF5 . v]tdf wfg
/f]lkG5 . xfd|flt/sf] v]taf/L lxpFbsf] ;'Svf ;dodf dfq o:tf] cf]efgf] b]lvG5 .
ptfsf] hLjg, ptfsf dflg;sf ufpF3/, rf8kj{ / pT;j cs{} 5g\ . tkfO{Fx¿ u0fklt
k"hf w'dwfd;Fu ug'{x'G5, xfdLsxfF To; lbg u0f]zrf}yL xf] eg]/ w]/}h;f]
dflg;n] yfxf klg kfpFb}gg\ . xfd|f] ;a}eGbf d'Vo pT;j ljhof bzdL xf] .Æ
æxh'/–xh'/ .
xfdLnfO{ sfd ub{} u/]sf], rf8af8 dgfpFb} u/]sf] / em}emu8f jf ;/;xof]u ub{}
u/]sf] x]g{] xf] eg] tkfO{Fn] xfd|f] ufpFdf Ps dlxgf a:g'k5{ . cfpgf];\ g a?,
d]/} 3/df a:g] u/L .Æ p;n] eGof] .
;Ltf 7"nL
5f]/L k"hf;Fu kmf]gdf 7"N7"nf] :j/df ukm ub{} lyOg\– æev{/}
p7]sL < P3f/ ah] eof] < xfdLnfO{ 7Ls 5 . x}b/fafb hfFb} 5f}F .
rf/}hgfnfO{ a]; 5 .Æ
æpxfF tkfO{Fsf]
sf] x'g'ef] lg <Æ p;n] km]l/ ;f]Wof] .
æ>LdtL ====.
5f]/L;Fu ukm ub{} 5g\ .Æ
æP3f/ ah]=== eGb}
x'g'x'G5 . g]kfndf olta]nf P3f/ aHof] <Æ
æxf]Og, g]kfndf
olta]nf ;f9] gf} aHb} 5 . g]kfnsf] ;do ef/tsf] ;doeGbf !% ldg]6 rnfv 5, TolQ t
xf] km/s . 5f]/L cd]l/sfdf 5] . ljBfyL{ xf] . cd]l/sfsf] jfl;ª6g 8L;Ldf a:5] pm
. 5f]/L ePsf] 7fpFdf olta]nf laxfgsf] b; aHof] . ev{/ p7]sL /] . To} eP/ ====.Æ
d}n] p;nfO{ cYof{PF .
æxh'/–xh'/ .
slthgf 5g\ lg 5f]/f5f]/L <Æ
æb'O6L 5f]/L .
clxn] kmf]g ug{] 7"nL xf], ;fgL 5f]/L 3/df 5] . pm aLaLP k9\b} 5] .Æ d}n]
em\ofnaf6 aflx/sf] b[Zo x]g{ vf]h]F . cGwsf/df k/k/ lah'nL an]/ emndNn ufpF /
cGwsf/df 8'a]sf v]t b]lvGy] . l9:sfl9:sL k/]sf 7fpFdf hª\un ePh:tf] nfUof] .
æclg 5f]/f <Æ
d]/f] Wofg p;lt/ kms{]sf] b]v]kl5 p;n] ;f]Wof] . dflg; af]n}of /x]5 .
æ5f]/f eg] klg
5f]/L eg] klg ltg} b'O6L .Æ d}n] d':sfpFb} eg]F .
æxh'/–xh'/, x'g t
xf] . cfhsf] hdfgfdf klg s] 5f]/f, s] 5f]/L ===.Æ
o;}a]nf 6«]gsf]
l6s6 hfFRg] 6L6LO{ cfof] . sfnf] sf]6, ;]tf] ;6{ / sfnf h'Qf–df]hfdf x'G5g\
6L6LO{x¿, t/ o;n] sf]6 nufPsf] lyPg . p;n] xfd|f] l6s6 dfUof] .
d}n] b]vfPF .
p;n] Psl5g l6s6 x]/]/ ;f]Wof]– æsxfFaf6 r9\g['ePsf] <Æ
æoxLF, cf}/ª\ufafbaf6
.Æ
æt/ l6s6df t sf]k/ufpFdf
r9\g'kg{] n]v]sf] 5 . tkfO{Fx¿ lgodlj?4 rNg'ePsf] 5 . sf]k/ufpFdf gr9]sfn]
lgodcg';f/ tkfO{Fx¿sf] l6s6 SoflG;n eP/ o; l;6df csf{] ofq' r9\g kfpF5 .Æ
d em;ª\u ePF .
dnfO{ o:tf] lgod yfxf lyPg . ;of}FkN6 ef/tLo 6«]gdf rl9of], cf]ln{of] t/ slxNo}
o:tf] ePsf] lyPg, o;/L csf{] :6];gdf rl9Psf] klg lyPg . d}n] cFWof/f] cg'xf/
nufP/ ljgd|tfk"j{s eg]F– æo:tf] lgod yfxf ePg . xfdLn] sf]k/ufpFaf6 r9\g
eg]/ of] l6s6 sf6]sf, t/ l;/8Ldf ;fO{–bz{g u/]kl5 zlg–lzu0ffk'/ klg bz{g ug{ dg
nfUof] . zlgb]jsf] bz{gsf nflu ptf uof}F clg Totfaf6 ;f]em} cf}/ª\ufafb cfof}F
. To;} eP/ ====.Æ
æpxfFx¿ g]kfnaf6
e|d0f ug{ cfPsf x'g'x'G5 . lgod yfxf ePg xf]nf .Æ xfd|f] 5]pdf a;]sf] To; dflg;n]
xfd|f] tkm{af6 Ifdfofrgf u¥of] .
æcfOGbf o;f]
gug'{xf]nf . csf{] l6s6 sf6\g'knf{ ÛÆ 6L6LO{n]
ysf{of] . olt eg]/ pm uof] .
æsf]k/ufpFaf6
6«]g lxF8]sf] ;f9] tLg 306f eO;s]sf] 5, ptfsf] 6L6LO{n] cl3 g} tkfO{Fsf] l6s6
SoflG;n ul/lbPsf] eP ;d:of x'g] lyof] .Æ To; dflg;n] eGof] .
æd2tsf nflu
wGojfb . tkfO{F;Fu e]6 eP/ ;lhnf] eof] . v';L nfUof] . 5f]/f5f]/L slt 5g\ lg
tkfO{Fsf rflxF <Æ xfd|f] pd]/sf dflg;x¿sf aLrdf lrgf/L ubf{ 5f]/f5f]/Lsf]
ljifodf s'/f x'g yflnxfN5 .
aflx/ lg:k§
cFWof/f] lyof] . 6«]g v6sv6sv6s ub{} cfFwLt'kmfgsf] ultdf rNg yfNof] . p;n]
vNtLaf6 v}gL lemSof] . clnslt lrd6]/ xftdf lnof] / dNg yfNof] .
æb'O{ 5f]/f .
7"nf] 5f]/f] 6«s rnfpF5 . 5–;ft jif{ eof] p;n] 6«s rnfPsf] klg .
kf]xf]/b]lv pm x}b/fafb, k'0f], aDaO{ / cf}/ª\ufafb 3'D5 . ;fgf]rflxF Pdcf/ 5 .
cf}iflwsf] emf]nf af]s]/ gfuk'/, cd/fjtL, crnk'/, hngf / cf}/ª\ufafb ;x/sf]
kmGsf] df5{ . tLg jif{ eof] pm Pdcf/ ePsf] . ca hngfdf cf}iflwsf] yf]s laqmLsIf
vf]Ng vf]Hb} 5 . To;}sf] Joj:yfsf nflu d klg cf}/ª\ufafb k'u]/ cfPsf] .Æ p;n] eGof]
.
dWok|b]zsf]
nlntk'/af6 ldq k|df]b uf]:jfdLsf] kmf]g cfof] . d}n] xfd|f] ofqf
;kmntfk"j{s cl3 al9/x]sf] / ;fgfltgf afwfJojwfg l5rf]Ng xfdL ;Ifd eO/x]sf]
hfgsf/L u/fPF . k|df]bhLn] cfufdL ofqf klg ;kmntfk"j{s cl3 al9/xg]
z'esfdgf lbg'eof] .
æot}lt/sf
dfG5]nfO{ h:t/L s'/f ug'{ef] lg t < ef/tdf klg tkfO{Fsf cfkmGt / gft]bf/ 5g\
ls s;f] <Æ
d]/f cfkmGt /
gft]bf/ ef/tsf ljleGg /fHodf 5g\ . clxn] dnfO{ nlntk'/sf Pshgf ldqn] kmf]g
ug'{ePsf] . nlntk'/ ;x/ sxfF 5 yfxf 5 <Æ
æ;'g]s} xf] . t/
7\ofSs eGg ;lsgF .Æ
ænlntk'/ ;x/ pQ/k|b]zdf
5, emfF;L ;x/sf] Psbd 5]pdf . emfF;LsL /fgLsf] af/]df t tkfO{FnfO{ kSs} yfxf 5
.Æ
æemfF;Lsf] af/]df
t yfxf 5 . Totflt/ s'g} sfd kb{}g, uPsf] klg 5}g ===.Æ emfF;Lsf] gfd pRrf/0f
ubf{ p;sf] xfpefpdf ljz]if cfTd;Ddfg k|s6 eof] .
æpd]/ x]bf{ t
slnn} b]lvg'x'G5, 5f]/fx¿ t 7"nf7"nf /x]5g\ =====.Æ OGb| ;/n] eGg'eof]
. pxfFsf] Hj/f] clns sd ePh:tf] b]lvof] .
æd k}F;¶L dfr{sf]
. rf}/f;Ldf lax] ul/of] . 5of;Ldf zflGtnfn hGDof], c7f;Ldf Zofd hGDof] . Zofd
g} klg l;tDa/df pgGtL; jif{sf] k'Ub} 5 clg ===Û x]x] ÛÆ p;sf] cg'xf/df ;Gt'li6 / uj{ km}lnof] .
ænf} Û tkfO{F t d]/f] efO kg'{eP5 . d rf};¶L dfr{sf] . x]x] . clg xfdLrflxF
b'j} lzIfs . :s'ndf k9fpF5f}F . pxfFx¿ klg lzIfs hf]8L .Æ d}n] OGb| ;/x¿nfO{
b]vfP/ eg]F .
æxh'/ . tkfO{Fx¿
o;f] km'[;{t lgsfn]/ tLy{ofqf ug'{x'Fbf] /x]5 . wd{ sdfOG5, ;+;f/ b]Vg kfOG5 .
w]/} /fd|f] . t/ d}n] dxf/fi6«aflx/ kfOnf /fv]sf] eg]sf] kf]xf]/ åf/sf hfFbf
dfq xf] .Æ
æcfpgf];\ g t
To;f]eP g]kfn 3'Dg . kz'kltgfy, n'lDagL, hgsk'/, ====== . g]kfn e|d0f ug{
ef/tLonfO{ kf;kf]6{ rflxg] xf]Og Sof/] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æef/tsf dflg;n]
g]kfn 3'Dbf sxfFsf] k};f af]Sg] lg ;/hL <Æ
æef/tLo ?lkofF eP
eOxfN5 . ;Ldfdf ef/tLo k};f lbP/ g]kfnL k};f ;f6\g kfOG5 . emGem6 5}g .Æ
o;}a]nf p;sf]
df]afOn kmf]g aHof] . p;n] kmf]gdf æxfFxfF, 7Ls, cf]s]Æ dfq eGof] / kmf]g
sfl6OxfNof] .
kmf]gdf ePsf]
s'/fnfO{ p;n] dxŒj lbPsf] b]lvPg . pm t'?Gt dl;tsf] ukmdf ;xefuL eOuof]– æx'g t
xf]nf lg, t/ xfdLnfO{ sfdn] afFw]sf] 5 . sfd–sfd clg sfd . 3/df e'/fe'/L 5g\ . s]xL
afv|f kfn]sf 5f}F . ufO{ 5g\ . e}F;L klg 5g\ . ux'F, vf];f{gL / pv' nufpF5f}F
yf]/}yf]/} eP klg . skf; v]tL t d'Vo eOxfNof] . To;df klg 6f9fsf] v]t =====.Æ
æca slt b'Mv
ul//xg] < ca t 5f]/fx¿n] cf8e/f]; ug]{ pd]/ ePg / <Æ d}n] eg]F .
æxfd|f 5f]/fx¿n]
k9\g ;s]gg\ . pgLx¿sf] af/]df lrGtf nfU5 . 7"nf] 5f]/f] zflGtnfn t a? ca
ul/vfg ;Sg] eof] . xftdf ;Lk 5 To;sf] . 3/d} a;]/ hngfdf 6ØfS;L rnfP/ klg k]6
kfNnf . gflt–gfltgf klg ca t x's{Fb} cfP . Zofdsf] sfdrflxF dnfO{ k6Ss dg
k/]sf] 5}g . o;n] hxfg 5f]/f5f]/L s;/L kfNnf eg]/ kL/ nfU5 . cf}iflwsf] Jofkf/
u/] x'GYof] To;n] . cf}iflwsf] Jofkf/df rf]vf] gfkmf 5, o;n] cf}iflwsf] Jofkf/
u¥of] eg] dnfO{ 9'Ss x'G5 .Æ
æxf] lg .
5f]/f5f]/Lsf] k];f–Joj;fosf af/]df lrGtf t eOxfN5 lg . 5f]/Lx¿n] kl5 s] u/L
vfnfg\ eGg] dnfO{ klg eO/xG5 . x'g t xfd|f] ;dfhdf 5f]/Lx¿ cfly{s ¿kn]
cfTdlge{/ geP klg rN5, pgLx¿sf >Ldfg\n] /fd|f] sdfO u/] eg], t/ klg 5f]/Lx¿
sfdsfhL ePdf pgLx¿sf] ;fdflhs x}l;ot /fd|f] x'G5 . sfdsfhLs} cfTd;Ddfg, ;Gt'li6
/ :jf:Yo /fd|f] x'G5 . sfdsfhL dlxnfsf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] /fd|f] pGglt u5{g\ .Æ
æxf], 7Ls eGg'ef]
. sfdsfhL dlxnfsf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] g} /fd|f] k|ult ubf{ /x]5g\ . efOa'xf/L 8fa/
sDkgLsf] hnufpF zfvfdf sfd u5]{, 5f]/fx¿ ;LP k9\b} 5g\ . xfdL ls;fg eof}F,
5f]/fx¿n] vf;} /fd|f];Fu k9\g ;s]gg\ . zflGtnfnsf b'O{ 5f]/L / Pp6f 5f]/f] 5g\,
Zofdsf Ps 5f]/f] / Ps 5f]/L 5g\ . logLx¿n] u/]sf] pGglt olQ xf] .Æ
æd}n] sn]hsf]
k9fOsf] dfq s'/f u/]sf] x}g . ;kmntfnfO{ sn]hsf] k9fOn] dfq gfKt}g, gfKg'
x'Fb}g . km]l/ o:tf] l;4fGt ;a}df x'ax' nfu" ug'{ klg x'Fb}g . rl/q,
kfl/jfl/s ;DaGw, ;Gt'li6 cflb w]/} s'/f sn]hsf] l8u|LeGbf dxŒjk"0f{ x'g\ .Æ
d}n] p;nfO{ ;fGTjgf lbg] af6f vf]lhx]/]F .
æTof] t xf],
t}klg ====.Æ p;n] eGof] .
æskf;v]tL u5'{ eGg'ef],
skf;sf] v]tL s;/L ul/G5 lg <Æ oltsf lbg a; / 6«]gsf] ofqfdf 306f}F hfFbf klg
skf;afx]s c¿yf]s gb]lvg] hldg kf/ ul/of] . dWok|b]z / dxf/fi6«df slt w]/} skf;
kmNbf] /x]5, dnfO{ o;kN6 dfq yfxf eof] . skf; v]tL ug{] ls;fg;Fu e]6 ePsfdf d
v';L ePsf] lyPF . o;cl3 /fh:yfg / u'h/ftsf] ofqfdf hfFbf skf;sf ljzfn kmfd{x¿
b]v]/ dnfO{ nfUYof] of] km;n cw{d?e"lddf ;k|G5 .
æx]gf{];\, skf;
ef/tsf] klxrfg xf] . ;f7L nfv ls;fg skf;–v]tL u5f}{F . skf;sf] v]tL, Jofkf/ /
k|zf]wg pBf]udf sfd u/]/ kflng] dflg; rf/–kfFr s/f]8 5g\ . t/ skf;sf] v]tL ug{
Psbd sl7g 5 .Æ
ælsg / <Æ
æd"n s'/f
;/sf/n] eg]hlt ;xof]u ub{}g . skf;sf] af]6df Psbd w]/} vfnsf sL/f nfU5g\ .
ljifflb xflg/xg'k5{ . xfdL sL/f dfg{] cf}iflw 5s{Fbf5s{Fbf cfkm}F ljiffSt 5f}F
. skf;nfO{ l;FrfO klg w]/} rflxG5 . s'g} sf/0fjz v]tdf kfgL hDdf eOlbof] eg]
skf; km:6fpFb}g, nfdf] ;do;Dd kfgL hDg k'Uof] eg] t ;Dk"0f{ km;n gi6 x'G5 .
v]tnfO{ ;'wf/]/ skf;sf nflu pko'St agfpg vlr{nf] 5 .Æ
æP . xh'/ .Æ
æskf;sf] v]tL
;lk|of] eg] kmfObf w]/} 5 . t/ Pp6} v]tdf w]/} jif{ skf; v]tL ;k|Fb}g . Psb'O{
jif{ skf; nufPsf] v]tdf ux'F, pv', s]/f, hjf/, afh8L, d'ª, ;f]of jf ds} nufpg}k5{
. v]tsf] u'0f:t/df k'gtf{huL Nofpg . skf;sf] v]tdf knfpg] emf/kft x6fpg klg
afnL km]l//xg' h?/L x'G5 . skf;sf] dfu emg\eGbf emg\ al9/x]sf] 5 t/ pTkfbg
To;cg';f/ a9]sf] 5}g . ;/sf/n] ls;fgsf] skf;sf] Go"gtd ;dy{g d"No
PdP;kL 7Ls tf]lslbg] xf] eg] o;df kmfObf Psbd 7"nf] 5 t/ kmfObfsf]
w]/}h;f] c+z Jofkf/Ln] kfpF5g\ .Æ
æxh'/–xh'/ . skf;
s:tf] 7fpFdf nufOG5 <Æ
æx]gf{];\, skf;
v]tL ug{ sl7g 5 . df6f] dlnnf] rflxof], kfgL kof{Kt rflxof], df6fdf kfgL hDg'
ePg, hldg ;'Sg' klg ePg . uf]8d]n rflxof] . emf/ knfof] eg] skf; vtd .
uf]8d]nsf] a]nfdf dhb'/ rflxof], skf;sf] af]n km'6]kl5 km;n l6Kg] dlxnfx¿
w]/}hgf rflxof] . emGem6 5 lg .Æ
æxh'/–xh'/ .Æ
æ;'hftf / ef/tL
hftsf] skf; /fd|/L pTkfbg x'G5 . t/ PrjfO{eL aLp kfpg} sl7g . xfdL lx/;'td PS;
lx/;'td jf lx/;'td PS; afaf{8]G; hftsf skf; a9L nufpF5f}F . pTkfbg a9L x'G5 .
oL xfOla|8sf] /];f klg l6sfp x'G5 . s6g v]tLsf nflu l8«k l;FrfO geO{ x'Fb}g .
of] dxFuf] k5{ . ;'?df ;a}lt/ l8«knfOg k'¥ofpg'kl/xfNof] .Æ p;n] w]/}a]/ nufP/
df8]sf] v}gL k8\sfof] .
æxh'/ klg vfg]
xf] <Æ p;n] ;f]Wof] .
d}n] vfGgF eGg]
efjdf 6fpsf] xNnfPF . p;n] cfwf v}gL d'vdf RofKof] / cfwf Knfl:6ssf] Pp6f ;fgf]
6'qmfdf kf]sf] kf¥of] .
æ/fd|f] afgL
xh'/sf] . cfkm" t :s'ndf k9\bf ;fyL;ª\utn] =====. cF ======, xfdLsxfF
w]/}h;f]n] Pr–kmf]/, Pr–l;S; g} nufpF5f}F t/ d]r jfg / zlStgfy klg nf]slk|o hft
x'g\ .Æ
æPs x]S6/df slt
aLp rflxG5 <Æ
æaLp t Ps x]S6/df
c9fO{b]lv tLg lsnf]u|fd dfq rflxG5 . t/ Psbd dxFuf] x'G5 lg /fd|f] hftsf] aLp .
skf;sf] aLp Psbd ldnfP/ /f]Kg'k5{, Ps x]S6/df ;ftb]lv cf7 xhf/ af]6 x's{g ;S5g\
. sltko aLp gpd|g ;S5g\, pd|]sf dg{ ;S5g\ . To;sf nflu v]tdf aLp 5b{}v]l/
kf]lnlyg Aofudf c¿ la?jf cGoq} x'sf{O/fVg'k5{ / la?jf gpd|]sf] jf d/]sf] 7fpFdf
;fl/xfNg'k5{ .Æ
æsl7g /x]5 o;sf]
v]tL .Æ
æxf], sl7g 5 . t/
gfkmf klg t /fd|f] 5 lg . /fd|f];Fu sL6gfzs cf}iflw 5l/of], ;do;dodf uf]8d]n
kfof], emf/ dfg{] cf}iflw ;dodf 5l/of] / kmn]sf] af]n a]n}df l6Kg] xf] eg] t b;
lSjG6n;Dd kmN5 x]S6/df . cf7–b; lSjG6n eg]sf] yf]/} xf] < gfkmf nf]enfUbf] 5
lg . ;kmn ls;fgsf] sdfO t ;/sf/L clkm;/s} a/fa/ kf] x'G5 t .Æ
æP, xh'/–xh'/ .
d}n] u'h/ft, /fh:yfg, kGhfa / xl/of0ffdf skf; l6Kt} u/]sf] b]v]sf] 5' . dflg;x¿
xft}n] l6lk/x]sf lyP .Æ
æxftn] l6k]sf]
skf;sf] d"No a9L 5 . xfd|f] ufpFdf dl;gn] l6Kg] rng g} 5}g . af]n km'6]sf]
s]xL lbgd} l6lkxfNg'k5{ . km'6]sf] af]n w]/} lbg;Dd v]td} /x\of] eg] To;sf]
u'0f:t/df x|f; cfpF5 . cfkm";Fu ;do / >d 5 eg] tLgrf/kN6 l6Kg' a]; x'G5
. dhb'/ gkfPdf dfq Ps}k6s l6Kg] xf] . afnL l6Kg] a]nfdf kfgL kl/lbof] eg]
;j{gfz x'G5 . To;}n] ;s];Dd rfF8} l6lkxfn]df u'0f:t/ klg hf]lug], sf/0fjz em/L kl/xfn]
km;n hf]lug] klg x'G5 .Æ
æskf;afx]s c¿
s]df kmfObf 5 lg oxfF <Æ
æcfkm" v6]/
v]tL ug{] eP h]sf] v]tLdf klg kmfOb}kmfObf 5 . cfkm" v]tdf cfpFb} gcfpg] /
vfln dhb'/sf] e/df u/fpg] xf] eg] rflxF Ps/lQ kmfObf 5}g . cfkm}Fn] cf}iflw
5g{] xf], cfkm}Fn] ljl8;fO8 5s{g] xf], cfkm}Fn] l8«k ldnfpg] xf] . d}n] s]/fsf]
v]tL klg u/]sf] lyPF . To;df klg /fd|f] kmfObf 5 . oxfFsf s]/f oqf
7"nf7"nf 5g\ .Æ p;n] s]/fsf] cfsf/ agfP/ xft b]vfof], / eGof]– æt/
s]/fv]tLdf ljifflb nufpg kfOFb}g . ljifflb xfn]sf] s]/f ljb]z hfFb}g . xfdLn]
kmnfPsf s]/f 8]gdfs{ / gj{]sf dflg;n] vfG5g\ .Æ
æcR5f ÛÆ
sdnf Dofdn]
cg'ksf] kmf]gsf] ck]Iff ul//xg'ePsf] /x]5, dflysf] ay{af6 tn em/]kl5
;f]Wg'eof]– æcem} kmf]g u/]sf] 5}g cg'kn] <Æ
æ5}g t . s]6fs]6L
xf], cndn eof] xf]nf . laxfg unf{ lg=== .Æ d}n] eg]F .
ævfgf vfof] ls
vfPg To;n] < dnfO{ t hltv]/} To;}sf] lrGtf nfU5 . cem} afns} 5 Tof] .Æ
pxfFn] ;Ltfsf] 5]pdf a:t} eGg'eof] .
æcfdfafa'sf
cfFvfdf 5f]/f5f]/L hlxNo} afns} x'G5g\ lg . cfdf dnfO{ cem;Dd klg o;f] u/\,
p;f] gu/\ eg]/ ;DemfO/xg'x'G5 ===. t/ xfdL gePsf] a]nf pgLx¿ cfkm\gf] Joj:yf
cfkm}F ldnfOxfN5g\ lg .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æp;}sf] lrGtfn]
d}n] t e|d0f SoflG;n u/f}F eg]sL lyPF . 5f]/}n] s/ u/]/ hf ls hf eg]/ dnfO{
s/fof] . p;n] of] emf]nf lslglbof], Ps hf]/ gLnf s'tf{;'?jfn lslglbof] /
lxF8\bfsf nflu ;lhnf x'G5g\ eg]/ tL rKkn klg lslglbPsf] lyof] . ca 3/ hfFbf
rKkn vf]O eGof] eg] s] b]vfpg] <Æ
æofqf ubf{ubf{
t}Fn] lslglbPsf rKkn t lvOP/ o:tf eP x} eg]/ b]vfpg] lg . x]x] ÛÛÆ lrqs"6sf afFb/n] pxfFsf] rKkn 6f]s]/ laufl/lbPkl5 tL kmfn]/
gofF rKkn lsGg'k/]sf] ;DemFb} d xfF;]F .
pxfF klg lkm:;
xfF:g'eof] .
æ;/n] klg dfGg'ePg,
ælbg]z ;/n] s] eGg'xf]nf <Æ eg]/ . P]n] o:tf] xfnt eof]====.Æ pxfFn] OGb|
;/nfO{ Hj/f] cfPsfdf Psbd b'Mv dfGb} eGg'eof] .
æefO/nsf] Hj/f]
xf], ef]ln laxfg;Dddf 7Ls eOxfN5 .Æ d}n] eg]F .
ækm]l/ klg pxL
s'/f kf] lgsfNb} /lx5 of] t ÛÆ OGb| ;/nfO{
Dofdsf] lrGtf cfwf/xLg nflu/x]sf] lyof] .
6«]g Psgf;n]
cFWof/fnfO{ lr/]/ s'lb/x\of] . a]nfa]nf csf{] 6«]g 5]j}af6 ljk/Lt lbzfdf
x'OFlsGYof] / sfg} vfg] cfjfh lgsfNYof] . cl:t hf]uagLaf6 k6gf cfpFbf
sl6xf/b]lv klZrd nfUbf klg o;} u/L 6«]g x'OFlsGy] / sdnf Dofd em:s]/ sfg y'Gg
k'Ug'x'GYof] . oltsf lbgsf] ofqfkl5 ca oL ;a s'/fdf pxfFnfO{ afgL kg{ yfn]sf]
lyof] .
6«]gsf] Psgf;]
ult / zLtntf clg lbge/sf] ysfOn] Ps}l5g pF£g k'u]F5' . x}b/fafbaf6 xf]df
u'/fufO{F kf]v/]n alxgLsf] kmf]g cfP/ d]/f] pF3fO x6Øf] . pxfFnfO{ eg]F– ælaxfg
gf} ah]lt/ l;sGb/fafb cfOk'Ub} 5f}F .Æ
d k'gM hfu]sf]
b]v]kl5 To; ls;fgn] eGof]– æhngf ca 7"nf] ;x/ eO;Sof] . 7"nf7"nf
c:ktfndf ef/tsf a8]a8] 8fS6/ a:5g\ . hngfsf] u0fklt g]qfno t k"jL{ dxf/fi6«sf]
;a}eGbf 7"nf] cfFvf c:ktfn xf] /] . s6g a]n, sk8f / xf8{j]o/sf pBf]u 5g\ .
vfg]t]n, cf6f / d}bfsf ldn t lgs}j6f 5g\ . 7"nf7"nf sn]h v'n]sf 5g\ .
a8]a8] :6]l8od / v]nd}bfg 5g\ . hngf kmf]6{;Dd g} ;x/Ls/0f eO;Sof] ca t .
nfnafusf] ;]G6 d]l/h xfO{ :s'ng]/ 7"nf] 5f]/fn] Kn6 lsg]sf] 5, Ps ;o ju{uh
If]qkmnsf] . lqms]6 d}bfg / lqml:6og sa|:tfgsf sf/0f To; pkgu/sf] hldg ca
dxFuf] eO;Sof] . ;b/ ahf/sf] Obufxaf6 Psbd} glhs} k5{ .Æ
æoxfF lqml:6og /
d';ndfg klg w]/} ;ª\Vofdf 5g\ ls s;f] <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
ælqml:6og t w]/}
5}gg\, d';ndfgrflxF lgs} 5g\ . cf}/ª\ufafb, hngf cflb :yfg d';ndfgx¿sf
zlSts]Gb| lyP plxn] . oL :yfg x}b/fafbsf d';ndfg zf;ssf] cwLgdf lyP . ca kf] o;nfO{
cfGw|k|b]zaf6 sf6]/ dxf/fi6«df kf/]/ ;lhnf] ePsf] xf] t .Æ
æxh'/–xh'/ .Æ
æoxfFsf] lulgª
ldn ef/ts} Psbd k'/fgf pBf]udf Ps xf] . !*^# ;g\df oxfF lulgª ldn v'n]sf] xf],
cfhsf] s'/f xf] Tof] < p;a]nf To; ldndf ;ft ;ohgfn] /f]huf/L kfpFy] /] ÛÆ
ælulgª ldnn] s]
pTkfbg u5{ lg <Æ
æn x]/ df:6/;fx]a
klg Û lulgª ldn s] xf], yfxf
5}g <Æ
d}n] clns nHhfefj
b;f{PF .
pm dlt/ kms{]/ eGg
yfNof]– æskf; l6k]/ 7"nf7"nf af]/fdf xfn]/ oxfF NofOG5 . lulgª ldnn]
skf; lsG5g\ . skf;af6 laofF 5'§Øfpg] sfdnfO{ lulgª elgG5 . laofFnfO{ lagf]nf
elgG5 . lagf]nfaf6 jg:klt l3p agfOG5 . lagf]nfsf] lkgfaf6 kz'cfxf/ agfOG5 .
laofF lems]sf] skf;nfO{ lnG6 elgG5 . clg To; lnG6nfO{ !&) lsnf] tf}nsf
7"nf7"nf a]n agfOG5 . Ps lSjG6n skf;nfO{ lulgª ubf{ hlt lnG6 cfpF5
To;nfO{ cfp6–6g{ eG5g\ . lau|]sf] skf;nfO{ sfp8L eG5g\ . x]x] .Æ
æxfd|flt/ skf;
v]tL x'Fb}g, To;}n]====.Æ d}n] cfkm\gf] c1fgtfsf] sf/0f eg]F . dnfO{ yfxf 5
g]kfn ;Q/L–c;L jif{cl3;Dd skf;df cfTdlge{/ lyof] . ufpFufpFdf skf; v]tL x'GYof]
/ skf;sf] wfuf] sfTg] / sk8f a'Gg] sfd 3/3/df x'GYof] . t/ cfofltt sk8fsf sf/0f
skf; v]tL / sk8f pTkfbg ug{] 3/]n' pBf]ux¿ aGb x'g k'u] .
6«]gsf] ult wLdf
x'g yfNof] . p;n] 38L x]b{} em\ofnaflx/ lrxfP/ eGof]– æPdcfO{8L;L cfO;s]h:tf] 5
. oxL xf] hngfsf] cf}Bf]lus If]q . nf} t df:6/;fx]a Û ca d cf]n{g] a]nf eof] . olt /flt xfd|f] ufpF hfg] a; kfOFb}g .
ZofdnfO{ af]nfPsf] 5', cfO;s]sf] xf]nf . xj;\ t, tkfO{Fx¿sf] ofqf ;'vdo xf];\ .
efph", gd:sf/ . d}n] df:6/;fx]anfO{ ;a} s'/f elg;s]sf] 5' . tkfO{Fx¿nfO{
xfd|f] 3/df lgdGq0ff 5 . afO{ .Æ
6«]g cl8Pkl5 Tof]
ls;fg Psbd clgR5fk"j{s p7\of] . lg:sg nfUbf 9f]sfd} p;sf] 5f]/f] l7ª\u
pleO/x]sf] /x]5 . 5f]/fn] d':sfpFb} p;sf] xftsf] emf]nf klqmof] . o;kl5 eg]
p;n] xfdLtkm{ PskN6 klg x]/]g . d}n] afa'5f]/fnfO{ Kn]6kmfd{sf dflg;x¿sf]
bf}8w'ksf aLrdf glanfpGh]n x]l//x]F t/ cxF, pm otf k6Ss} kms{]g .
))))
æbfh' gd:sf/ .Æ
ægd:sf/ alxgL .Æ
æolta]nf sxfF
cfOk'Ug'eof] <Æ
æa]udk]6 ===.Æ
æn To;f] eP ca
Ps} 306fdf l;sGb/fafb cfOk'Ug'x'G5 . xh'/x¿ 6«]gaf6 cf]n{]/ 6ØfS;LjfnfnfO{
kmf]gdf dl;t s'/f u/fOlbg'xf]nf . clg p;nfO{ d 7Ls;Fu 7]ufgf atfpg]5' .Æ
æx;\ .Æ
x}b/fafb blIf0f
ef/tsf ;a}eGbf 7"nf ;x/dWo] Ps xf] . klxnfsf] ljzfn cfGw|k|b]z / cfhsf]
t]nfª\ufgf tyf cfGw|k|b]zsf] /fhwfgL ;x/ xf] of] . casf] s]xL jif{;Dd of] b'j}
/fHosf] /fhwfgL /xg]5 . ;'?df d}n] o; ;x/sf] e|d0fsf nflu b'O{ lbg 5'§ØfPsf]
lyPF . t/ ljhojf8f 3'Dg] OR5f k"/f ug{ o;n] kfPsf] Ps lbg s6f}tL
ug'{k/]sf] xf] . o; ljzfn ;x/df a:g'x'G5 d]/L efGhLalxgL xf]df u'/fufO{F
kf]v/]n . xfdL Ps /ftsf nflu a]udahf/df alxgLsxfF cl8g] ePsf lyof}F . laxfg
pxfFsxfF k'Ug], clg lbge/ x}b/fafb 8'n]/ a]n'sf pxfFsxfF a:g] / ef]ln laxfg
ljhojf8fsf nflu k|:yfg ug'{kg{] sfo{qmd lyof] . x}b/fafb ;x/ k;]sf] nueu Ps
306fdf dfq xfdL l;sGb/fafb cfOk'Uof}F .
laxfg pxfFsxfF
k'u]/ vfglkg u/L s]xLa]/ cf/fd tyf enfs';f/L u¥of}F . sdnf DofdnfO{ laxfg}b]lv
Hj/f] cfpnf h:tf] eO/x]sf] lyof] . HjfOF;fx]a;Fu xfd|f] o;cl3 k|ToIf s'/fsfgL
ePsf] lyPg . cfh e]6 eof] . pxfF w]/} /dfOnf] dflg; x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 . cWoogzLn,
nugzLn / hfu?s . pxfFn] OGb| ;/ / sdnf Dofdsf nflu cf}iflw NofOlbg'eof] .
xfd|f] e|d0fof]hgf ;'g]kl5 HjfOF;fx]an] lbgel/sf nflu aGbf]a:t u/]/ 6ØfS;L
af]nfOlbg'eof] .
HjfOF;fx]an]
NofOlbg'ePsf] cf}iflwn] sfd ul/xfNof] . OGb| ;/ / sdnf DofdnfO{ w]/} cf/fd
eOxfNof] . xfdL ca ;x/sf] e|d0fsf nflu Psbd tof/ / Jou| lyof}F .
;j{k|yd xfdL
rf/ldgf/ uof}F . rf/ldgf/ x}b/fafbsf] k|d'v cfsif{0f xf] . of] o; ;x/sf]
;a}eGbf d'Vo Jofkfl/s tyf ;Dks{sf] s]Gb| xf] . xfdLn] ToxfFsf] dSsf dl:hb e|d0f
u¥of}F .
ljzfn / eJo 5 dSsf
dl:hb . x}b/fafb s'g} ;dodf d';ndfg zf;sx¿sf] blIf0fL ef/tsf] k|d'v s]Gb| lyof]
. oxfF ef/tsf] klxnf] pb"{ ljZjljBfno 5 . o; cy{df of] ;x/ kfls:tfgsf s'g}
;x/sf eGbf klg pb"{ lzIffsf] k'/fgf] s]Gb| xf] . kl5 ef/t 6'lqmP/ kfls:tfg
ag]kl5 eg] o;sf] dxŒj sd ePsf] x'g;S5 . h] eP klg o; ;x/sf] d'Vo efiff
t]n'u'kl5 pb"{ g} 5 cfh klg .
xfd|f] 8«fOe/
d';ndfg k/]5 . p;n] xfd|f] dSsf ofqfnfO{ /fd|f] dfGof] . p;n] xfdLnfO{ o;
dl:hbsf af/]df w]/} s'/f atfof] . x}b/fafbsf] k'/fgf] ;x/sf] of] dl:hb ef/tsf
;a}eGbf 7"nf / k'/fgf dl:hbdWo] Ps /x]5 . rf}dxnf Kofn];, nf8 ahf/ /
rf/ldgf/af6 Psbd glhs 5 of] . d';ndfgx¿sf] ;a}eGbf kljq tLy{:yn dSsfaf6
NofOPsf] df6f]af6 OF6 agfO{ of] dl:hb ag]sf] x'gfn] ædSsf dl:hbÆ elgPsf] /] .
uf]nsf]G8f /fHo cyf{t\ cfhsf] x}b/fafb ;x/ / j/k/sf e"efusf s't'a zfxL
j+zsf kfFrf}F ;'Ntfg df]xDdb s'nL s'ta zfxn] of] dl:hb ;g\ !^($ df agfPsf x'g\
. oxfFsf tLgj6f u'Dah k/]sf d'våf/x¿ Ps} 9'ª\ufnfO{ sf6L agfPsf /] . clg @@)
lkm6 nfdf], !*) lkm6 rf}8f / &% lkm6 cUnf] o; dl:hbdf b; xhf/ eSthgn]
Ps};fy k|fy{gf ug{ k'Ug] k|fy{gfsIf 5 . of] lgdf{0f ug{ *,))) l;sdL{ nfu]sf lyP
/] . o; dl:hbdf O:nfd wd{sf k|jQ{s k}uDa/ df]xDdbsf] skfn ;'/lIft 5 eGg] dfGbf
/x]5g\ . o; dl:hbsf] cufl8 Pp6f kf]v/L 5 . d';ndfgx¿ dl:hbdf k|fy{gf ug{ k:g'cl3
b'j} xft, b'j} v'§f, cfFvf, gfssf Kjfn / sfgsf Kjfn;d]t o; kfgLn] w'Fbf /x]5g\
. kf]v/Lsf] 5]pdf ePsf b'O6f 9'ª\u] a]Grdf a:of] eg] To; dflg;n] 3'Db}lkmb{}
km]l/ oxfF cfOk'Ug'k5{ eGg] cGwljZjf; klg /x]5 .
x}b/fafbsf dSsf
dl:hb, rf/ldgf/, uf]nsf]G8f kmf]6{ / s't'a zfxL sa|:tfg ljZj;Dkbf ;"rLdf
;"rLs[[t eO;s]sf /x]5g\ . dSsf dl:hbsf] e|d0fkl5 xfdL rf/ldgf/df k:of}F . l6s6
sf6]/ To;df r9\g'kbf{] /x]5 . o;sf cUnf v'8\lsnfn] ;Ltfsf 3'F8fdf lavsf] sfd
ul/lbof] . clns la;]s x'g yfn]sL pgL rf/ldgf/sf l;F9L r9]/ cf]n{]kl5 lgs} lzlyn
eOg\ .
d}n] of] ofqf ;'?
ug'{cl3 o'6Ø'adf rf/ldgf/sf] af/]df ag]sf cg]s lel8of] x]/]sf] lyPF . x}b/fafb
;x/sf] kl/ro lbg] h'g;'s} lel8of]df klg o;sf] 5fofª\sg ul/Fbf] /x]5 . rf/ldgf/
x}b/fafbsf] ;fg xf] . of] x}b/fafbsf] klxnf] kl/rofTds :df/s xf] .
!%(! df ag]sf]
of] ;+/rgf d'xDdb s'nL s't'a zfxn] cfkm\gf] b]zdf x}hf pGd"ng ePsf] v';Ldf
lgdf{0f u/fPsf x'g\ eGbf /x]5g\ . s't'a zfxn] lxh/L ;+jt\ !))) sf] pknIodf
x}b/fafb ;x/sf] :yfkgf u/]sf / o;} cj;/df ;x/sf] dWo efudf of] ;+/rgf agfPsf] eGg]
egfO a9L cflwsfl/s xf] /] .
;'Ntfg s'nL s't'a
zfxn] efudtL eGg] ;'Gb/LnfO{ o; :yfgdf b]v]sf /] . tL gf/L kl5 ;'NtfgsL kTgL aGg
tof/ eOg\ / O:nfd wd{ ckgfOg\ . efudtLn] O:nfd wd{ æsa'nÆ u/]sf] pknIodf
rf/ldgf/ agfOPsf] eGg] klg ljZjf; /x]5 .
5};¶L lkm6 rf}8f
juf{sf/ o; ;+/rgfsf rf/} :tDex¿ !^) lkm6 cUnf 5g\ . k|l;4 slj blvgLsf] bf]xf
To; lalN8ªsf] cfwf/df s'FlbPsf] 5 . Tof] blvgL pb"{, t]n'u' / cª\u|]hL
efiffdf lbOPsf] /x]5 . o;sf] cy{ nueu o:tf] x'G5 M
d]/f] o; ;x/nfO{ k|hfx¿n] el/b]pm .
h;/L gbLx¿ df5fn] el/G5g\, x] cNnfx Û
rf/ldgf/sf]
km]bdf efUonIdLsf] dlGb/ klg /x]5 . d';ndfgx¿sf] olt ljzfn dl:hbleq s;/L
lxGb" dlGb/ aGof] eGg] cg]s ts{ / cfu|xx¿ /x]5g\ .
clg xfdL rf}dxnf
Kofn]; uof}F . of] c;km hfxL /fhj+zsf lghfdx¿sf] b/af/ /x]5 . b'O{ ;o jif{hlt
klxn] ag]sf] o; b/af/nfO{ clxn] ;ª\u|xfno / xf]6nsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ul/Fbf] /x]5 .
rf}dxnf Kofn]; To;sf ljzfn rf]s / p;a]nfsf cguGtL 3f]8fuf8Lx¿sf] ;ª\u|xsf
lx;fan] dxŒjk"0f{ nfUof] . P]ltxfl;s ejgdf ljzfn kf6L{ lbg rfxg]sf nflu
of] b/af/ Psbd ;xL 7fpF xf], gq xfdLh:tf lgDgljQsf nflu o;f] Pskm]/f 3'd]/ lrQ
a'emfpg dfq ;lsg] 7fpF /x]5 .
ærf}dxnf Kofn];df
x]g{ nfos s] 5 / <Æ xfd|f] 8«fOe/n] eGof] .
t/ of] ef/tsf]
s't'a zfxL / lghfdsfnLg ;fg;f}stsf] ;ª\u|xfno /x]5 . a8]a8] ef]het]/ sIfx¿
/x]5g\ . lghfdsfnLg ;dodf zfxL kfx'gf / cf}krfl/s e|d0fdf cfpg] ljb]zL
;/sf/k|d'vx¿sf nflu kfx'gf3/ dfq /x]5 of] ljzfn ejg .
xfdLn] kmnsg'df
Kofn]; klg hfg] of]hgf agfPsf lyof}F, t/ 8«fOe/sf cg';f/ of] clxn] lghL xf]6nsf]
¿kdf dfq k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 / xfdLh:tf ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu v'nf 5}g . ToxfF k|j]z
kfOFb}g eg] Totf nfUg'sf] cy{ 5}g eg]/ xfdLn] Tof] of]hgf kl/Tofu ul/xfNof}F .
cf]:dflgof
c:ktfn, cf]:dflgof ljZjljBfno, k':tsfno, kfs{, lrl8ofvfgf / ;flxlTos ;ª\3;+:yf
/ zfxL sa|:tfg xfd|f] of]hgfdf lyPgg\ t/ 8«fOe/n] oxfFsf] sa|:tfg ljZj;Dkbf
;"rLdf k/]sfn] hfg}k5{ eg]/ nUof] . xfdL Ps}l5g dfq ToxfF 3'Dof}F .
;LtfnfO{ æd';n]sf] lrxfg3f/L s] x]g'{Æ eGg] nfu]sfn] xfdLn] ToxfFsf]
jf:t'snfsf] cjnf]sg ug{ vf;} kfPgf}F .
clg xfdL
uf]nsf]G8f uof}F . ljZjk|l;4 xL/f sf]lxg"/ s'g} ;dodf oxLF lyof] .
a]nfotn] d';ndfg zf;saf6 xTofPsf] ;f] ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] / dxFuf] xL/f
cfh a]nfotLx¿sf] cwLgdf nG8gdf 5 . sf]lxg"/sf] 3/ uf]nsf]G8f cfh v08x/sf] ¿kdf
5 . w]/}h;f] kvf{n / ejgx¿ elTs;s]sf 5g\, sltko eg] ;+/lIft b]lvG5g\ .
uf]nsf]G8fsf leQfx¿df k|of]u ul/Psf 9'ª\ufx¿ ljzfn 5g\ t/ ltgsf] lkmlgl;ª sd 5
.
gofF ;x/df k'Ubf
ToxfFsf kfs{, :df/s, b/af/, kf]v/L–tnfp, d7dlGb/ cflb x]g{ dg nfU5 dnfO{ . oL
e]§fpg klg ;lhn} x'G5 . lrl8of3/, ;ª\u|xfno, P]ltxfl;s :yn, /ª\uzfnf, ljZjljBfno,
k':tsfno cflb klg 3'D5' d . oL vf]Hg klg sl7gfO kb{}g . logsf af/]df /fd|/L
a'em\g kof{Kt ;|f]t;fdu|L klg ldN5g\ . 7"nf ;x/x¿n] cfkm\gf] af/]df 5fk]sf
ko{6sLo k':tsx¿df oL ;asf] w]/} ;"rgf kfOG5 . d gofF ;x/ 3'Dg hfFbf o:tf
;"rgf kfOg] k':ts, kf]:6/ cflb vf]H5' . logn] 5f]6f] ;dodf / sd emGem6d}
xfdLnfO{ k'Ug}kg{] 7fpFsf af/]df elgxfN5g\ . logn] xfd|f] ;do / k};f w]/}
arfOlbG5g\ . x'g t OG6/g]6df kfOg] ;"rgf klg dgUu] x'G5 t/ OG6/g]6 eg]sf]
dxf;fu/ xf] / To;df kf}8L v]Ng hflgPg eg] 8'a]/ dl/G5 eGg] 8/ klg nfU5 . To;}n]
OG6/g]6af6 a6'Ng ;s]sf] cNk ;"rgfnfO{ dfq cfwf/ agfpg k'Ubf slxn]sfxLF dxŒjk"0f{
:ynsf af/]df hfgsf/L gkfPsf / d]/f nflu plt ;f/f] dxŒj gePsf 7fpFdf 3'Dg k'u]/
;dosf] Iflt dx;'; ug'{k/]sf kL8f dl;t 5g\ .
ToxfFsf dflg;sf]
ljZjb[li6, hLjgb[li6 jf :yfgLo hghLjgk|ltsf] b[li6 a'em\g rflxF olt ;lhnf]
x'Fb}g . s'g} gofF 7fpFdf hfg' eg]sf] ToxfF 7l8Psf 3/sf tnf uGgsf nflu xf]Og,
:yfgLo dflg;x¿;Fu ;fIffTsf/ ug'{ xf] eG7fG5' d . To;}n] d gofF ;x/df k'Ubf
ToxfFsf dflg;;Fu 306f}F s'/fsfgL u/]/ pgLx¿leq a;]sf] ;+;f/ x]g{] k|oTg u5{' .
aflx/L dflg; nueu ;+;f/}el/ p:t} xf] . t/ dnfO{ Pp6f cd]l/sL s'gs'g u'0fn]
cd]l/sL ePsf] xf], Ps JolSt k|m]Gr x'Fbf p;df s'gs'g gofF u'0f el/G5g\ eGg]
nflu/xG5 .
;f]R5',
shfv:tfgsf] kxf8df a:g] Ps shfv a"9fsf] cfFvfdf lzlIft x'g' eg]sf] s]
xf]nf, ;DkGg x'g' eg]sf] s] xf]nf, ;kmn x'g' eg]sf] s] xf]nf, Gofo eg]sf] s]
xf]nf, b'u{d eg]sf] s] xf]nf, b]zb'lgofF b]Vg' eg]sf] s] xf]nf, dgf]/~hg eg]sf]
s] xf]nf, nfh eg]sf] s] xf]nf, OHht slxn] sdfOG5 xf]nf, cfdf–afa' s] xf]nfg\,
5f]/f5f]/L s] xf]nfg\ < dflg;sf af/] o:tf ljifodf hfGg dg nfU5 . Ps ef/tLon]
cfkm"nfO{ s;/L ef/tLo agfPsf] x'G5, pm deGbf s'gs'g s'/fn] leGg 5 eGg]
yfxf kfpg dg nfU5 . p;n] g]kfnLnfO{ s:tf] b]V5 a'em\g dg nfU5 . o:tf] yfxf kfpg
;a}eGbf sl7g 5 . em§ x]bf{ ef/tLox¿ xfd|} cg'xf/;Fu ldNbfh'Nbf 5g\, t/ ltgsf]
lbdfuleq cs{} ;+;f/ x'g'kbf{] xf] . Tof] lbdfu k9\g] k':tsrflxF e]6\g ;lhnf]
5}g .
x}b/fafbdf cfP/ d
oxfFsf dflg;x¿;Fu ;fIffTsf/ ug{ rfxG5' . xfd|f] 8«fOe/ oxLFsf] /}yfg] x'gfn]
:yfgLo hghLjgnfO{ 7Ls;Fu eGg hfGbf] /x]5 pm . ko{6s ofq'nfO{ 3'dfpFbf 3'dfpFbf
p;n] dh:tf dflg;sf ?lr / vf]hsf] ljifodf dgUu] hfgsf/L /fVtf] /x]5 . p;n]
x}b/fafbsf] lxGb" / d'\l:nd hghLjg, rf8af8, cfly{s ultljlw, ;fj{hlgs pT;j /
e]nfx¿sf af/]df atfof] . :yfgLo dflg;x¿sf lax]a6'nf / cGo kfl/jfl/s pT;j s]s;/L
ul/G5g\, ;a} a]lnla:tf/ u¥of] .
x}b/fafb cfPkl5
/fdf]hL lkmNd l;6L gx]/L gkms{g p;n] ;'emfof] . p;n] eGof]– æ;fpy OlG8ofsf]
klxrfg xf] /fdf]hL lkmNd l;6L .Æ
ToxfF blIf0f ef/tLo
lkmNdx¿, To;df klg t]n'u' efiffdf aGg] lkmr/ lkmNdx¿, ;'l6ª x'G5g\ /] . /fdf]hL
lkmNd l;6Lsf af/]df d}n] w]/} ;'Gb} cfP klg To;sf nflu 5'§} Ps lbg rflxg]
ePsfn] xfdL Totf klg hfg ;s]gf}F . xfd|f] c;dy{tf b]v]/ 8«fOe/ klg b'MvL eof] .
t}klg p;n] ;x/sf
d'Vo uNnL, Jofkfl/s s]Gb|, ;f+:s[lts s]Gb| / eL8ef8 x'g] d'Vo 7fpF b]vfP/} dfq
5f8\of] . ;x/sf] ;a}eGbf ;'Gb/ nfUbf] /x]5 oxfFsf] x';]g ;fu/ n]s . n]ssf]
jl/kl/ 3'Dg] cToGt km/flsnf] / ;kmf ;8s 5 M g]sn]; /f]8 . ;8ssf] tnfpkl§sf]
lsgf/ kfs{h:t} 5 . htf klg km"naf/L / xl/ofnL . htftt} /ldtf x]g{]x¿ . eL8
vf;} b]lvPg t/ vfnL klg st} b]lvFb}gYof] .
htftt} hnljxf/ /
l:jldªsf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf . dflg;x¿ To; gLnf] kfgLdf /dfO/x]sf . ljzfn 5 tnfp
. tfnsf] blIf0fL v08df eujfg\ a'4sf] ljzfn Zj]td"lt{ v8f b]lvG5 . dflg;x¿
ToxfF;Dd hfg–cfpg 8'ª\ufsf] k|of]u ubf{ /x]5g\ . xfdL;Fu ;dosf] cefj x'gfn]
Tof] ;'v a6'Ng ;lsPg .
a]n'sf xfdL k'gM
xf]df alxgLsxfF k'Uof}F . olt 6f9f cfPsf] avt cfkmGtsf] :jfut kfpFbf xfdL
efjljef]/ ePsf lyof}F . ;Ltfn] v'[;Lsf cfF;' r'xfOg\ . OGb| ;/ / sdnf Dofdsf]
b'O{tLg lbgb]lv cFWofl/Psf] dg pHoflnof], u'Dg nfu]sf] cfTdljZjf; kmSof{] . olt
6f9fsf] ;x/df klg cfkmGt 5g\ eGg] b]vfpg kfpFbf / cfkm"n] klg e]6\g kfpFbf
d]/f] t v';Lsf] ;Ldf g} lyPg . w]/} ;dob]lv x}b/fafb cfP/ xf]df alxgLnfO{
e]6\g] d]/f] sNkgf oxfF cfh ;fsf/ ePsf] lyof] .
æv} d]/f
bfh'–efph" lgs}kN6 oxfF cfpg k|oTg ug'{ef], slxNo} cfpg ;Sg'ePg . b'O{kN6
t 6«]gsf] l6s6 g} SoflG;n ug'{k¥of] .Æ
æxf] / <
To;f]eP t xfdLn] kf] pl5g]5f}F t ÛÆ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
æl6s6 sf6]/
lxF8\g l7Ss kg'{x'G5, clg slxn] s]n] slxn] s]n] afwf k'luxfN5 . v} o;kfln r}F
cfpg'x'G5 ls <Æ
æxfdL cfP/
Rofn]Gh lbPh:tf] kf] ef] ls Sof xf] <Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
æx}g efph" .
kl/l:ylt g} hlxNo} pN6f] kl//x]sf] 5 pxfFx¿sf] . lxF8\g v'§f] prfNg nfu]sf a]nf
s]xL g s]xL hl6ntf cfOnfU5 . o;kfln r}F ltxf/df efO6Lsf nufpg] u/L cfpg'x'g]
ePsf] 5 . bfh'efph" lt?kltsf] bz{gsf] klg of]hgfdf x'g'x'G5 . oxfF;Dd
afu8f]u/fb]lvsf] Kn]gsf] l6s6 5, oxfFb]lv ptf lt?klt;Ddsf] 6«]gsf] l6s6 klg
eO;s]sf] 5 . o;kN6 kSs} cfpg'x'G5 .Æ
æKn]gs} l6s6
sfl6;s]sf] eP kSs} cfpg'xf]nf lg .Æ d}n] ljZjf; k|s6 u/]F .
æof] t];|f] k6s
xf] . o;kN6 t s;f] gcfpg'xf]nf, x}g t <Æ alxgLn] ;dy{gsf nflu ;Ltftkm{
x]g'{eof] . ;Ltfn] d'G6f] xNnfP/ ;dy{g hgfOg\ .
ætLg kN6df t
/fFuf] klg l5G5 eG5g\ .Æ OGb| ;/sf] ts{ cfof] .
olta]/ xfd|f
s'/fsfgL ;'lg/xg'ePsf] lyof] HjfOF;fx]a . xf]df alxgLsf] s'/fdf xf]–df xf]
ldnfpg t xfdL ;a} tof/} lyof}F, t/ ;dfnf]rgfTds l6Kk0fL ug{rflxF HjfOF;fx]a cl3
;g'{eof] . pxfFn] eGg'eof]– ætLyf{6g jf b]zbz{g eg]sf] clnslt efUosf] klg s'/f
xf] . k};f, km';{t / /x/ x'Fb}df ;a}n] sxfF o;/L ef/t bz{gsf] cj;/ h'6fpg ;S5g\
/ <Æ
xf]df alxgLsxfF
pxfFsf elthfx¿ x/]s zlgjf/ cfpg] ug'{x'Fbf] /x]5 . To; ;fFem klg b'j} elthfx¿ >LdtL
/ 5f]/f5f]/L;Fu cfpg'ePsf] lyof] . ;a}hgf cfk;df lrgfkrL{ / enfs';f/L ug{
nfUof}F . a'xf/Lx¿ ;'lzlIftf / ;'zLnf /x]5g\ . b'j} elthfx¿ sfsfs} kblrì k5\ofP/ sd{sf08 k];fdf nfu]sf /x]5g\ . blIf0f ef/tLox¿n]
g]kfnL kl08t / k'/f]lxtx¿k|lt 7"nf] cf:yf dgdf /fv]sf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿ ;xL 9ª\un]
sd{sf08 u/fpg] k'/f]lxtnfO{ lbn vf]n]/ bfg u5{g\ . d}n] lrqs"6df e]6]sf]
Pp6f df/jf8Lsf jfSo ;Dem]F– æa|fXd0fx¿dWo] ;xL cfr/0f, ;xL 1fg, ;xL cWoog / ;xL
sd{ t g]kfnL a|fXd0fn] dfq u5{g\ . lxGb" wd{sf] jf:tljs ¿k t g]kfnd} 5 .
otf t ;a gSsnL, 5§" / bnfn x'g\ . g]kfnL kl08tx¿ oxfF gcfOlbg] xf] eg]
ef/tLon] gfds/0f, j|taGw, lkt[>f4 / lax]a6'nf] klg 7Ls;Fu ug{ kfpFb}gg\ .
otfsf k08fx¿ / s;fxLx¿ p:t} x'g\ . sd{sf08 u/fpg] a|fXd0fnfO{ TolQs}
z"b|a/fa/ eg]sf] xf] / < log}nfO{ x]/]/ eg]sf] ===.Æ
a'xf/Lx¿n] xftsf]
;Lk, dL7f] kl/sf/n] xfdLnfO{ :jfut ug'{eof] . ukmufkm / enfs';f/L ub{}df P3f/
aHof] . ;'Qf afx| alhxfNof] . xf]df alxgLsf] 3/df xfdLnfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/df em}F
;xh / cfgGb k|fKt eof] .
laxfg ;a]/} p7\g'
kl/xfNof] . ljhojf8f 3'Dgsf nflu xfdLl;t ;do Psbd yf]/} lyof] . ;do hlt yf]/}
eP klg lbge/df 3'Dg ;lsg] 7fpF 3'd]/ lrQ a'emfpg'kg{] lyof] .
laxfg ;a]/}
p7\of}F . xh'/afn] eGg] ug'{ePsf] sljtf ofb cfpF5 ofqfdf dnfO{ . d}n] of] sljtf
hf]8hf]8n] eGb} ;Ltf / OGb| ;/x¿nfO{ lapFemfPF–
ljBfyL{
ef]sf] k/b]zLnfO{
kfn],
eu'jf / l;kfxLnfO{
Ao"Femfpgfn]
/lt bf]if 5}g,
lgb|f
laufg'{ c¿sf] x'Fb}g .
xfdL k/b]zL
lyof}F . ef/tdf ef/tleq} klg ko{6snfO{ k/b]zL dfGg] rng 5 eg] xfdLsxfF rflxF
ef/tLo dflg;nfO{ b];L jf b]zjfnL eGg] klg 5g\ . cF, k/b]zL x'gfn] xfdLn]
cf/fd;Fu ;'t]/ ;do u'hfg'{ x'Fb}gYof] . xfdL rfF8} p7]/ tof/ eOxfNof}F .
laxfgsf]
lrofrd]gfkl5 xfdL cfkm\gf–cfkm\gf emf]nf l6k]/ lxF8\of}F . alxgL / HjfOF;fx]a
clns j/;Dd k'/\ofpg cfpg'eof] . labf kfPkl5 emf]nf em'G8\ofpFb} xfdL cl3
a9\of}F . a]ud ahf/ x}b/fafbsf] k'/fgf] ;x/;Fu} 5 . cfw'lgs ;x/sf] Psbd 3gf,
Jo:t / dxŒjk"0f{ 7fpFdf k5{ a]ud ahf/ . t/ klg ;fFu'/f uNnL eP/ lxF8]sf
xfdLnfO{ olt laxfg} ;x/sf] o; v08df 6ØfS;L kfpg' ;lhnf] ePg . xfdL clns
7"nf] rf}af6fdf k'u]/ 6ØfS;L ;dfTg rfxGYof}F . t/ c¿ b; ldg]6hlt lxF8]kl5
dfq 6ØfS;L kfOof] .
xfdL ;f]em}
x}b/fafbsf] s]Gb|Lo a; c8\8fdf k'Uof}F . o; a; c8\8fsf] gfd PdhLaLP; cyf{t\
dxfTdf ufGwL a; :6];g xf] . of] ef/ts} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] a; c8\8f xf] . cToGt
;'Gb/ /x]5 . clg sxfF hfg'kg{] xf] ;f]w]/ ;xh} kQf nfUg] /x]5 . xfdLn] ljhojf8f
hfg' lyof] . ljhojf8fsf nflu 5'6\g] a; ;jf 5 ah] 5'6\g nfu]sf] /x]5 . tf]lsPsf]
a;sf] l6s6 lnP/ d ;Ltf / OGb| ;/x? eP7fpF cfPF . xfdLn] a; klqmxfNof}F . a;
;dod} lxF8\of] t/ of] ;f/f ;x/ 3'd]/ ofq' a6'Nb} lxF8\bf] /x]5 . ;ft ah] dfq
of] ;x/aflx/ lg:Sof] . ;x/aflx/rflxF Totfsf a; Psbd t'kmfgem}F bf}l8Fbf /x]5g\
. a; Psf]xf]/f] blIf0f lbzftkm{ nfUof] . af6f] /fli6«o /fhdfu{ x'gfn] Psbd
km/flsnf] / PstkmL{ /x]5 .
t/ udL{ df};d
x'gfn] a;leq Psbd udL{ eO/x\of] . a;n] PgPr–^% eP/ xfdLnfO{ k"j{blIf0ftkm{
nlu/x\of] . s]xLa]/kl5 g/s6kNnL eGg] ;x/df k'luof] . clg km]l/ ;"o{k]6 eGg]
;x/ cfof] . sf]8f8 eGg] ;x/rflxF lgs} 7"nf] x'g'k5{, lsgeg] oxfF a;
lgs}a]/ cl8of] . a;kfs{ klg lgs} 7"nf], km/flsnf] / w]/}j6f a; cl8Psf .
cfwf 306fhlt /f]lsof] a; oxfF . xfdLn] x8a8Ldf vfg]kfgL klg af]Sg la;]{sf
lyof}F . ltvf{n] cfn;tfn; k/]sf xfdLnfO{ oxfF kfgL vfg] ;xhtf k|fKt eof] .
udL{ a9]/ pTkft
lyof] . otfsf 3fd clt rsf{] nfUg] . kl;g}kl;gf eof}F xfdL . a; aNnaNn rNdnfof]
. clg km]l/ /fli6«o /fhdfu{ kqmg k'Uof] . a;sf] l8efO8/df d]/f gh/ v'a} cl8P .
x}b/fafbb]lv sf]8f8;Ddsf] ;of}F lsnf]ld6/ af6fdf dhf;Fun] km"n km'n]sf .
;8ssf] l8efO8/ t km"naf/L g} lyof] eg] x'G5 . hlt a; s'b] klg km"nsf
af]6x?sf] ;'Gb/ n:s/ 6'ª\luPg .
sf8f8af6 a;
lxF8]kl5 3fdsf] udL{ cem a9\g yfNof] . 3fd kg{] lbzfkl§ xfd|f] l;6 k/]5, clt g}
udL{ eof] . s] ug{ ;lsGYof] /, xfdLn] xkxk udL{ vKt} ;do latfpg sf]l;; ul//x\of}F
. gGbLu|fd cfOk'u]kl5 eg] ca ljhojf8f Tolt 6f9f 5 h:tf] nfUg 5f8\of] . ;do w]/}
eO;s]sf] lyof], aNnaNn ljhojf8fsf] /ftf] 6fj/ b]lvg yfNof] .
-qmdzM_
ljhojf8f
xfdLn] ljhojf8fdf
x]g'{kg{] s]xL dxTTjk"0f{ :ynx? lyP . s]xL :df/s lyP, s]xL dlGb/ lyP clg
afFw / ahf/ klg lyP . ;dorflxF xfdL;Fu lgs} sd lyof] .
To;df r9]/ xfdL a;kfs{ 7"nf]
laxfg ljhojf8f, ljzfvfk6gd ofqf . ;d'b| cg'ej .
;f]g" ;/n] eGg'ePsf] a'4;Fu ;DalGwt syf .
afnqmL8fsf] k|;ª\u . ljzfvfk60fd\df n]Vg] .
3/df gf]s/
gf]sgL{ kfn]/ ltgnfO{ k9fOn]vfO u/fpg] . tLg wd{k'qL 5f]/L .
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