आमा–बाको स्याहार (हाते पुस्तक)

 

आमा–बाको स्याहार

-xft] k':ts_

 

lbg]z kf}8]n

O6x/L

 

 

s[lt M cfdf–afsf] :ofxf/ -xft] k':ts_

ljwf M a'9Øf}nL Joj:yfkg

n]vs M lbg]z kf}8]n

O6x/L–$, ;'g;/L

k|sfzs M Ho]i7 gful/s k|b]z ;ldlt

sf];L k|b]z

email: <a9842178080@gmail.com>

k|sfzg ldlt M @)*@ -k|yd ;+:s/0f_

;jf{lwsf/ M n]vsdf

d"No ?= !)).–

ljifo–;"rL

;fdfGo kl/ro

 

v08 !

s= a'9Øf}nL eg]sf] s] xf] <

v= dflg; slxn] a"9f] x'G5 <

u= a'9Øf}nL;Fu cfpg] kl/jt{gx¿

3= a'9Øf}nLsf cj:yfx¿

ª= j[4fj:yf lsg hl6n cj:yf xf] <

 

v08 @

s= a"9fa"9Lsf ;'v

v= a"9fa"9Lsf rl/q

u= a"9fa"9Lsf ;d:of

!= zf/Ll/s ;ª\s6

@= cfly{s ;d:of

#= a;fO;/fOsf ;d:of

%= ef}lts ljsf; / ;x/Ls/0fsf ;d:of

%= ;~rf/;'ljwfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf ;d:of

&= ;fdflhs rl/q / ;DaGwdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf ;d:of

&= ;f+:s[lts kl/jt{gsf ;d:of

*= dfgl;s ;ª\s6

(= PsfsLkgsf] ;ª\s6

!)= g}lts kl/jt{gsf] ;ª\s6

!!= wfld{s ;ª\s6

!@= dgf]/~hg;DaGwL cfjZostfsf ;d:of

!#= bfgbftJo / sf];]nL–pkxf/;DaGwL ;d:of

!$= e|d0f, cWoog, ;fyL–cfkmGt;Fu e]63f6;DaGwL ;d:of M

!%= a"9fa"9Lsf cGo ljljw ;d:ofx¿

3= a'9Øf}nLdf nfUg;Sg] k|d'v /f]ux¿

 

v08 #

s= g]kfndf a'\9Øf}nL

v= 5f]/f5f]/Laf6 s:tf] ;fy kfOG5 <

u= Ho]i7 gful/ssf ;d:ofx¿ s;n] xn ug{] <

3= ;'vb a'9Øf}nLsf nflu s]–s] sfd eO/x]sf 5g\ <

ª= a'9Øf}nL pd]/sf] Joj:yfkgdf ca s]–s] ug'{knf{ <

 

v08 $

s= a"9fa"9L :ofxfg{]n] ljrf/ k'¥ofpg'kg{] s'/fx¿

v= a"9fa"9Lsf] :ofxf/af6 kfOg] pknlAw

 

;fdfGo kl/ro

dfgj ;Eotfsf] Oltxf;df a"9fa"9L gePsf] s'g} ;do lyPg, ;dfh lyPg, t/ a"9fa"9Lsf] :ofxf/sf] ljifo slxNo} olt uDeL/ lyPg . lat]sf krf; jif{df dfq g]kfndf a"9fa"9Lsf] ;ª\Vof tLg u'gf al9;s]sf] 5 . g]kfnL kl/jf/sf cfsf/ emg\eGbf emg\ ;fgf x'Fb} 5g\ / a"9fa"9Lsf] ;ª\Vof emg\eGbf emg\ a9\b} uO/x]sf] 5 . a"9fa"9Lsf] :ofxf/ ca 3/3/sf] cfjZostf ag]sf] 5 . xfdLsxfF a'9\of}nL Joj:yfkgsf] af/]df cem a9L cWoog–cg';Gwfg, lrGtg–dgg, tflnd / k"j{tof/L cfjZos 5 .

a"9fa"9Lsf] :ofxf/ ug{sf nflu a"9fa"9L x'g' eg]sf] s] xf], pgLx¿sf :jefj / rl/q s:tf x'G5g\, pgLx¿sf zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ;d:of s] x'G5g\, pgLx¿sf cfWoflTds, ;f+:s[lts / ;fdflhs cfjZostf s:tf x'G5g\, pgLx¿sf /f]ux¿ s]–s] x'G5g\, tL /f]ux¿ ePsf jf gePsf a"9fa"9L x]/rfx ug{]n] Wofg k'¥ofpg'kg{] s'/f s]–s] x'g ;S5g\, :ofxf/ ug{]af6 ltgn] s]–s] ck]Iff ub{5g\, a"9fa"9Lsf] :ofxf/af6 :ofxf/stf{n] s] ;Gt'li6 jf pknlAw kfpF5 cflb ljifodf hfGg' cfjZos 5 . tL ;a} ljifodf oxfF 5f]6s/Ldf 5nkmn ul/G5 .

xfdL ‘lkt[b]jf] ejM dft[b]jf] ejM’sf] ;+:s[ltdf afFr]sfx¿n] af–cfdfnfO{ hlxNo} b]jtf dfgL ;Ddfg, cfb/, k|]dn] Jojxf/ u5f}{F, pxfFx¿sf] ;'v;'la:tfsf] Vofn /fV5f}F . pxfFx¿nfO{ cfqmd0f jf xsf/ksf/ ug'{ dfq xf]Og cx|g–v6g ug'{nfO{ klg kfk / g}ltstflj?4 7fGb5f}F . a"9fa"9LnfO{ ckdfg ug{], em'Sofpg] / b'Mv lbg]nfO{ ck/fwL b]V5f}F / ltgsf] lgGbf u5f{}F . pxfFx?sf] ;]jf–;Xof/nfO{ ;Gtfgsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] st{Jo / efUo b]V5f}F . a"9fa"9L e]6 ug{ hfg] sfdnfO{ tLy{ uPem}F dfG5f}F . of] uj{sf] s'/f xf], v';Lsf] s'/f xf] .

;fdfGo kf7s / k7gsf] afgL sd ePsfn] klg l5rf]Ng ;Sg] cfsf/ / ;/n efiffdf of] lstfa tof/ ePsf] 5 . tkfO{Fsf] 3/df a"9f a'af–cfdf, xh'/af–xh'/cfdf x'g'x'G5 / tkfO{Fn] pxfFx¿sf] :ofxf/sf] df}sf kfpg'ePsf] 5 eg] of] k':ts tkfO{Fsf nflu xf] . tkfO{F a"9fa"9Lsf] :ofxf/ ug{] k];fdf hfg rfxg'x'G5 jf clxn] of] sfd ub{} x'g'x'G5 eg] tkfO{Fsf nflu of] k':ts ;xL v'/fs xf] . xfdLn] cfkm\gf a'afcfdfk|lt u/LcfPsf Jojxf/sf] of] k':ts k'g/jnf]sg–k'gd"{Nofª\sg xf] . a'9Øf}nL ljifodf ?lr /fVg] hf];'s}sf nflu klg of] k':ts rfvnfUbf] x'g ;S5 .

of] s'g} ;}4flGts cWoog, j}1flgs cg';Gwfg jf :jf:Yo ljifosf] k':ts xf]Og, a? Ps Ho]i7 gful/sn] cfkm\gf] a'9Øf}nLsf] s;/L Joj:yfkg xf];\ eGg] ljifodf cg'ej–cfwfl/t / ;fdflhs sf]0faf6 n]lvPsf] k':ts xf] . a"9fa"9Lsf] :ofxf/ ug{]n] oL ljifodf cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L lng ;lsof] eg] cfkm\gf] sfd ;xh / cem pkof]uL x'g]df d ljZj:t 5' . a"9fa"9Lsf l:ylt, Jojxf/, ;d:of, /f]u, cfjZostf, ;+j]bgf / ;f]rsf] af/]df sd hfgsf/L ePdf xfdLaf6 c1fgjz;d]t pgLx¿dfly b'Jo{jxf/ x'g] ;Defjgf a9L x'G5 .

of] k':ts xftdf lnP/ k9\g yfNg'sf] dtna tkfO{F cfkm\gf dftf–lktf jf dfGohg, lk|ohgsf] ;]jf s;/L u/]/ pxfFx¿sf] afFsL hLjg cem ;'vb tyf ;xh agfpg ;lsPnf eg]/ lrGtgzLn x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{F u'0ffTds ;]jfsf nflu ug{ ;lsg] pkfox¿sf] vf]hLdf x'g'x'G5 . of] k':ts xftdf lng'ePsfdf tkfO{FnfO{ w]/}w]/} wGojfb 5 . o;df yKg}kg{] / ;'wf/ ug'{kg{] ljifodf dnfO{ cfkm\gf] /fo;'emfj k7fpg'x'g cg'/f]w 5 .

 

 

v08 Ps

 

s= a'9Øf}nL eg]sf] s] xf] <

a'9Øf}nL xfd|f] hLjgsf] kl5Nnf] cj:yf xf] . of] Psbd hl6n, ;+j]bgzLn / sl7g cj:yf klg xf] . a'9Øf}nL pd]/ cg]s ;d:ofsf] u'F8 xf] . 5fnf rfp/L kg'{ / emf]lNng', skfn km'Ng', s'lk|g' cflb a'9Øf}nLsf ;a}eGbf d'Vo aflx/L nIf0f x'g\ . clgb|f, lzlyntf, ysfg, sdhf]/L, ;'Gg g;Sg', b[li6df sdhf]/L, lj:d[lt, e|d, lj/lSt cflb d'Vo cfGtl/s nIf0f x'g\ . zf/Ll/s lzlyntf, dfgl;s IfoLs/0f / ;fdflhs PsfsLkg o;sf d'Vo kl/0ffd x'g\ .

a'9Øf}nL k|fs[lts k|lqmof xf] . a"9f] x'Fb} uPkl5 d[6', sn]hf], d[uf}nf, KoflGqmofh, yfO/fO8, k|f]:6«]6, lk6Ø'6/L, yfOd;, c08sf]if, ue{:ynL, 5fnf, cfdfzo cflb u|lGy / cª\ux¿ yfSt} hfG5g\ . df+zk]zL v'lDrg / lvOg yfN5, xf8 lvOg / sdhf]/ x'g yfN5g\, /utsf] sdL x'g yfN5 . sfg sd ;'lgg], bfFt emg{], cfFvf sd b]lvg], skfn km'Ng], tfn' v'Olng] cflb x'g yfN5 . dl:tissf sf]ifx¿n] u|x0f, :d/0f, ljZn]if0f, ts{ / ljrf/ ug{ sd ub{} hfG5g\ . o;nfO{ xfdL a'l9g' eG5f}F .

 

 

v= dflg; slxn] a"9f] x'G5 <

z/L/zf:qLo egfOcg';f/ dflg;n] a"9f]kgsf k|f/lDes nIf0fx¿ tL; jif{kl5b]lv g} dx;'; ug{ yfNb5g\ . rfnL; jif{kl5 k|foh;f] dflg;n] z/L/df cfpg] lzlyntfx¿ dx;'; ug{ yfNb5g\ . dflg; klxn]sf em}F r':tb'?:t / km'lt{nf] /xg 5f8\b5 .

dflg; k"0f{ Ifdtfsf ;fy slt pd]/;Dd sfd ug{ ;St5 eGg] s'/f k];f / ef}lts ;'ljwfcg';f/ km/s kg{ ;St5 . Pp6f km'6an v]nf8Ln] slxn];Dd k"0f{ Ifdtfsf ;fy v]Ng ;Snf < Pp6f 8«fOe/ slxn];Dd cfkm\gf] sfddf k"0f{ Ifdtfsf ;fy v6\g ;Snf < Pp6f lzIfsn] s'g pd]/;Dd k"0f{ bIftfsf ;fy k9fpg ;Snf < Pp6f ;}lgs, gfljs jf hfb'u/ slxn];Dd k"0f{ Ifdtfsf ;fy sfd ug{ ;St5 < cnu k];fsf nflu of] pd]/ cnucnu x'g ;S5 . ;a}eGbf a9L pd]/;Dd ljZjsk km'6an v]Ng] hfkfgL v]nf8L sfh'of];L ldp/fn] %% jif{;Dd v]n] . ljZjsk km'6an @)@@ df v]Ng] km'6an v]nf8Lsf] ;/b/ pd]/ @* jif{hlt b]lvG5 . a]nfotdf lzIfssf] ;/b/ pd]/ #( jif{ / o'P;Pdf lzIfssf] ;/b/ pd]/ $@ jif{hlt b]lvG5 .

g]kfn, dn]l;of, tfGhflgof, lePtgfd, o'ufG8f h:tf b]zdf ;/sf/L hflu/ / ljBfno lzIf0faf6 clgjfo{ cjsfzsf] pd]/ ^) jif{ 5, a|flhndf ^% jif{ 5 eg] hd{gLdf of] pd]/ ^& jif{ 5 . lzIffIf]q, k|x/L jf ;}Go;]jf / GofoIf]qdf clgjfo{ cjsfzsf] pd]/ km/s k5{ . sltko b]zdf k'?if / dlxnfsf nflu clgjfo{ cjsfzsf] pd]/ g} km/s 5 . t/ a'9\of}nL t a'9\of}nL xf] lg .

dflg; slxn] a"9f] x'G5 – %) jif{df, %% jif{df, ^) jif{df, ^% jif{df, &) jif{df ls &% jif{df < ljZjjofkL ¿kdf dflgg] o;sf] :ki6 kl/efiff 5}g . ljsl;t b]zx¿sf ljleGg ljåfg\x¿n] a'9\of}nLsf] kl/efiff u/]sf] kfOG5 . ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx¿df a'9\of}nLsf] kl/efiff :ki6 ¿kdf u/]sf] kfOFb}g . b]z–kl/l:yltcg';f/ a'9\of}nLsf] kl/efiff x]g'{kb{5 .

ljsl;t d'n'sx¿df j[4fj:yf ^% jif{ cfwf/ agfP tfklg ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx¿df a'9\of}nL ^) jif{b]lv dfg]sf] kfOG5 . ;g\ !(*@ df cl:6«ofsf] /fhwfgL leogfdf /fi6«;ª\3sf] tŒjfjwfgdf cfof]lht j[4fj:yf;DaGwL klxnf] ljZj;Dd]ngn] of] kfl/t u/]sf] lyof] .

dfgjzf:qLx¿n] o; lglZrt ;ª\VofTds kl/efiffnfO{ ljZjJofkL ¿kdf lng g;lsg] atfPsf 5g\ . dfgjfzf:qLx¿ ^) jf ^% jif{af6 g} a'9\of}nL ;'? x'G5 eGg' klZrdf b]zx¿n] ;lhnf] b[li6sf]0faf6 ul/Psf] Ps hg;fª\lVos ;"q dfq xf] eG7fG5g\ .

u}/klZrdf b]zx¿sf] cg'ej lng ;g\ !(*) sf] bzsdf l;lGyof lan / d]nljgn] g]kfnsf] x]nDa'df ;]kf{ ;d'bfodf b'j} dfgjzf:qLo tyf ;ª\VofTdssf] b[li6sf]0faf6 j[4fj:yf;DaGwL cWoog u/]sf lyP . To;cg';f/ %) jif{nfO{ j[4fj:yfsf] tNnf] laGb' dfg]sf 5g\ . o;sf] afah'b g]kfnsf hg;ª\Vofzf:qLx¿n] a'9\of}nLsf] tNnf] laGb' ^) jif{nfO{ g} cfwf/ agfP/ o;;DaGwL cWoog–cg';Gwfg ul/Psf] kfOG5 .

^) jif{sf] ;'? laGb'nfO{ s;/L k|dfl0ft ug{ ;lsG5 t <

klxnf] s'/f, xfdLsxfF ^) jif{ ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jflgj[lQ pd]/ xf] . csf{] s'/f, %( jif{ pd]/ cfly{s lx;fan] ;lqmo hg;ª\Vofsf] dflyNnf] ;Ldf xf] / o; cg'kftn] ljZjJofkL ;dy{g k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . t];|f] s'/f, xfd|f] ;/b/ cfo' kl5Nnf] tYofª\scg';f/ ^) jif{eGbf a9L 5 .

;g\ @)!% df ;DkGg ePsf] g]kfn Ho]i7 gful/s ;j]{If0fsf] kl5Nnf] glthfcg';f/ ljleGg pd]/;d"xsf JolQmx¿nfO{ u'0ffTds ljlw k|of]u u/L ;f]lwPsf] k|Zgdf () k|ltzteGbf a9L pQ/bftfx¿n] ^) jif{af6 a'9\of}nL ;'? x'G5 eg]/ cfˆgf] ljrf/ lbPsf lyP .

ljlslkl8of eG5 M æa"9Øf}nL eg]sf] ;/b/ cfo'glhs k'u]sf jf To;eGbf a9L afFr]sf dflg;x¿sf] pd]/ xf] .Æ(Old age is the range of ages for people nearing and surpassing life expectancy.) g]kfnLsf] ;/b/ cfo' &!=% jif{ b]lvPsfn] o; kl/efiffcg';f/ olt pd]/ k'Ug nfu]kl5 a'l9Psf] dfGg'kg{] x'G5 .

g]kfndf ;a}eGbf a9L afFRg] jL/gf/fo0f dfemL lyP, pgL !$! jif{ afFr]sf] bfaL ul/Psf] 5 . xfdLsxfF p;a]nf hGdbtf{ cflbsf] Joj:yf gx'gfn] ljZjn] o;nfO{ dfGotf lbPg . t/ pgsf ;a} ;Gtfg a'l9P/ lat]sf lyP . tL a"9f dflg;nfO{ bz{g ug{ hfFbf pgsf gflt klg nueu &% jif{sf a"9f b]v]sf] lyPF d}n] . tLg k':tf g} a'9\of}nL hLjg lhO/x]sf] l:ylt ;'vb xf] klg, xf]Og klg . of] w]/} hl6n kl/l:ylt xf] . xfd|} jl/kl/ klg ;o jif{eGbf a9L afFr]sf a"9fa"9L lgs} 5g\ . d]/f h]7f km'kfh' w/0fLw/ Gof}kfg] -;'Gb/x/}Frf–$, df]/ª_ !)@ jif{ k"/f u/]/ laTg'eof] . d]/L sfG5L km'k" lji0f'dfof 9sfn -uf}/fbx, emfkf_ clxn] !)) jif{df lxF8\b} x'g'x'G5 . o:tf lr/~hLjLx¿ x/]s ufpF / ;x/df b]Vg kfOG5 .

 

u= a'9Øf}nL;Fu cfpg] kl/jt{gx¿

s;}nfO{ x]gf{;fy of] dflg; a"9f] xf] ls xf]Og ;lhn} eGg ;lsG5 . hlt;'s} d]sck–z[ª\uf/ / 9fs5f]k u/] klg a'9\of}nLnfO{ n'sfpg ;lsFb}g . cg'xf/ gb]v] klg, k5fl8af6 x]/] klg of] dflg; a"9} x'g'k5{ eGg ;lsG5 . af]nL ;'g]sf] e/d} of] cfjfh afns, o'jf of a"9fa"9Lsf] xf] eGg] cg'dfg x'G5 . a"9fa"9Lsf vf; nIf0f x'G5g\, h'g c¿ dflg;df x'Fb}gg\ .

!= zf/Ll/s kl/jt{g M hGdkl5 dflg;sf] ljsf; / j[l4 tLj|ultdf x'G5 . nueu rfnL; jif{sf] pd]/b]lv dflg;df s]xL–s]xL zf/Ll/s Ifo jf ;d:of b]vfkg{ yfN5g\ M qmdzM 5fnfdf rfp/L kg]{, skfn km'Ng], cfFvf wldnf] x'g], sfg sd ;'lgg], bfFt lvOg] jf emg{], lrgL/f]u of /Strfkdf ;d:of b]lvg] x'g yfN5g\ . logLx¿;Fu} a'9Øf}nLn] k|j]z u5{ .

a"9f] x'Fb} uPkl5 d'6', d[uf}nf, kmf]S;f] cflbdf ;d:of b]vf k5{g\ . /Strfk / dw'd]xn] p;sf] vfgkfg, cf/fd, lgb|f, zf/Ll/s cj:yf cflbdf hl6ntf k}bf u/]/ sfo{Ifdtfdf x|f; NofpF5g\ . dflg;sf xf8 5f]l6g yfN5g\ / pm xf]rf] / s'k|f] x'g yfN5 . a'l9Fb} uPkl5 zf/Ll/s ;Gt'ngdf ;d]t ;d:of cfpF5 . pm n8\g] vt/f a9\5, xftuf]8f efFlrg] 8/ a9\5 . n8]/ efFlrPsf] xf8hf]gL{ hf]l8g d'l:sn x'G5 . df+zk]zL sdhf]/ / ;fgf aGb} hfG5g\ . z/L/sf] cg'kft / cfsf/df kl/jt{g x'G5, lxF8fO / af]nfOdf kl/jt{g b]lvG5 .

@= dfgl;s kl/jt{g M a'l9g yfn]kl5 dflg;sf] dl:tissf v08x¿n] klxn]em}F k"0f{ Ifdtfsf ;fy sfd ub{}gg\ . JolStnfO{ sltko gofF s'/f ;Demg klg d'l:sn kg{ yfN5 . gofF efiff l;Sg, gofF s'/f l;Sg sl7g kg{ yfN5 . dflg;n] gofFgofF pks/0fsf] k|of]u ug{ l;Sg sl7g k5{ . gofFgofF l6eL rnfpg, gofFgofF df]afOn kmf]g / OG6/g]6sf] k|of]u;DaGwL ;d:of b]vf k5{g\ .

klxn] pgLx¿ e]6]hlt ;a}nfO{ lrGy] eg] pd]/ a9];Fu} ltgn] dflg; lrGg 5f8\5g\ . dflg;x¿sf gfd–7]ufgf dfq xf]Og cg'xf/ klg la;{g yfN5g\ . pgLx¿sf] cfTdljZjf;, dgf]an sdhf]/ x'Fb} hfG5 . cfkm" hLjgsf] lsgf/fdf cfOk'u]sf] dx;'; x'gfn] hLjgk|lt 3f]/ lg/fzf klg x'g ;S5 .

#= ;fdflhs kl/jt{g M k'/fg} ;+;f/df afFRg] x'gfn] gofF ;fyL agfpg, ltgLx¿;Fu 3'nldn x'g / ;/;xof]u lng–lbg a"9f] x'Fb} uPkl5 c;lhnf] k5{ . pgLx¿nfO{ gofF gft]bf/ / lrgf? lrGg / ltgLx¿sf] gfd, 7]ufgf, cg'xf/ cflb ;Demg sl7g x'G5 . pgLx¿n] lrg]sf JolSt, :yfg cflbsf] 3]/f qmdzM ;fFu'l/Fb} hfG5 . gofF ;d'bfodf a;f]jf; ug{ hfg'k¥of] eg] ToxfF pgLx¿nfO{ 3'nldn x'g sl7gfO k5{ . pgLx¿ vf; vfnsf] hLjg afFr]/ cfPsf x'gfn] To;eGbf clnslt leGg kl/l:ylt cfOnfu] c;'ljwf dfG5g\ .

 

3= a'9Øf}nLsf cj:yfx¿­­

ljZje/ st} ^) jif{kl5, st} ^@ jif{kl5, st} ^% jif{kl5 t st} ^& jif{kl5 a'9Øf}nL pd]/ ;'? ePsf] dflgG5 . xfdLsxfF ^) jif{kl5 a'9Øf}nL pd]/df k|j]z u/]sf] dflgG5 eg]/ dfly g} elg;lsof] . ;a}sf nflu of] lgod nfu" x'Fb}g, sf]xL l56} a'l9G5g\ t sf]xL ;o jif{ k'u'Gh]n klg k"0f{ :j:y /xG5g\ . a'9Øf}nLnfO{ :jfjnDag, lxF88'n, sfd ug{ ;Sg] / JolStut ;/;kmfO ug]{ cfwf/df ;/b/ lx;fa u/]/ tLg ;d"xdf /flvG5–

!= k|f/lDes j[4fj:yf M ;f7Lb]lv ;Q/L jif{;Dd ;fdfGotof dflg;x¿ ;fwf/0f cfod"ns sfd ug{, cfkm\gf nflu vfgf agfpg, n'ufkmf6f] w'g, 3/ ;kmf ug{, uf8L jf df]6/;fOsn–;fOsn xfFSg, ;fdflhs rf8kj{ / lax]a6'nfdf ;lqmo eO{ ;xefuL x'g, km"n / ;fukft nufpg, ltgdf kfgL–dn lbg h:tf ;fwf/0f 3/]n' sfd ug{ ;S5g\ . 6f9f6f9f;Dd PSn} ofqf ug{, kfl/jfl/s ljifox¿df ljrf/ tyf lg0f{o ug{ / d'2fdfldnf ug{ ;S5g\ . o; pd]/nfO{ k|f/lDes j[4f:yf elgG5 .

gf]s/L jf Joj;foaf6 pGd'lSt, 5f]/f5f]/Lk|ltsf] bfloTjaf6 d'lSt, ;lqmo zf/Ll/s cj:yf / ;fydf artsf] s]xL k};f;d]t x'g] ePsfn] o; pd]/nfO{ hLjgsf] ;a}eGbf /dfOnf] / ;'vb agfpg ;lsG5 . o; pd]/df ko{6g, tLyf{6g, v]n–g[To, n]vg–k7g, l;h{gf cflb h]df dg /dfpF5 Tof] sfd u/]/ latfpg'kb{5 . :jf:Yosf nflu Jofofd, of]u / dlg{ª jfs ug'{kb{5 . w]/}h;f] a"9fa"9LnfO{ o; pd]/df s;}sf] ;]jf–;xof]u jf ;fy geP klg x'G5 .

@= dWoj[4fcj:yf M ;fdfGotof ;Q/Lb]lv c;L jif{sf] pd]/df dflg; cfkm}F lb;flk;fa ug{, g'xfOw'jfO ug{, e]63f6 ug{, cf}krfl/s sfo{qmdx¿df ;xefuL aGg, s;}sf] ;fydf dWod b"/Lsf] ofqf ug{, 3/leq / aflx/ 8'nlkm/ ug{, glhs}sf] k;ndf ;fdfg lsGg, 3/]n' cf}hf/ rnfpg cflb ;–;fgf ultljlw ug{ ;S5g\ . t/ pgLx¿nfO{ n8\nfg\ ls, a]xf]; xf]nfg\ ls, la/fdL knf{g\ ls eg]/ hlta]n} ;fjwfgLk"j{s x]g'{kb{5 . lgoldt ¿kdf 3/ ;/;kmfO ug{ / vfgf agfpg] cflb sfd ug{ sl7g k5{ . o; ;dodf pgLx¿nfO{ x]/ljrf/ ug{], 3/]n' sfddf ;3fpg] / ;'/Iff ul/lbg] JolStsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . o; pd]/df dflg;n] ;do latfpg cWoog–dgg, uLt–;ª\uLt ;'Gg], l6eL x]g{], ehgsLt{g ug{], j/k/ 8'nlkm/, dlg{ª jfs, cfkmGt;Fu e]63f6, glhssf] dlGb/ of Ho]i7 gful/s ;+:yfdf hfg] / ToxfFsf ultljlwdf efu lng] cflb u/]/ ;do latfpg ;S5g\ .

#= jof]j[4fj:yf M w]/}h;f] a"9fa"9L c;L–krf;L jif{kl5 cfkm\g} z/L/ ;DxfNg klg g;Sg] x'Fb} hfG5g\ . slt t cf]5Øfgd} k'U5g\ . cf]5Øfgdf gk'u] klg pgLx¿nfO{ JolStut ;/;kmfO, vfglkg, 3/wGbf / c¿ ljifodf s;}sf] ;fy rflxG5 . dflg; lrGg sl7g kg{], lg0f{o lng g;Sg] cflb x'gfn] pgLx¿sf nflu rf}aL;306] ;xof]uLsf] cfjZostf kg{ ;S5 . sltko cj:yfdf lb;flk;fasf nflu klg c¿sf] ;fy rflxG5 . k"0f{ k/lge{/tfsf] o; pd]/nfO{ jof]j[4fj:yf jf clt j[4fj:yf klg elgG5 . o; pd]/df wd{zf:q jf syf>j0f, uLt–;ª\uLt ;'Gg], l6eL x]g{], cfkm"nfO{ e]6\g cfpg];Fu s'/fsfgL ug{], Psbd glhssf :yfgsf] ofqf, cfkmGtx¿sxfF e]63f6, lax]a6'nfdf ;xeflutf cflb u/]/ ;do latfpg ;S5g\ .

ª= j[4fj:yf lsg hl6n cj:yf xf] <

j[4fj:yf dflg;sf] hLjgsf] ;a}eGbf hl6n cj:yf xf] . o; cj:yfdf dflg;n] Pskl5 csf{] u/L hLjgdf sdfPsf ;a}yf]s u'dfpFb} uO/x]sf] x'G5 M :jf:Yo, k};f, zlSt, ;fdYo{, ?lr, dgf]an / cfzf . j[4fj:yf hl6n x'g'sf zf/Ll/s, dgf]j}1flgs / ;fdflhs sf/0fx¿ o;k|sf/ 5g\ M

!= Ifo M ;lqmo hLjgaf6 lgj[Q eO{ Ps}rf]l6 lgliqmo hLjg afFRg'kg{] ;TonfO{ krfpg sl7g k5{ . p;a]nfsf] Tof] /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs jf kfl/jfl/s ;fdYo{ / dxŒj qmdzM eTsFb} uPsf] b]Vg'k5{ . cfkm\gf bfx|f–gª\u|f / KjfFv–kv]6f km':sFb} uPsf] r'krfk x]g'{k5{ . cfkm"n] l;h{]sf] ;a}yf]s u'Db} / ;j{gfz x'Fb} uPsf] b]Vtf a"9fa"9LnfO{ tgfj x'G5 .

@= /f]u / d[To' M cfkm\g} dfgl;s ;d:of, :d/0f Ifdtfdf x|f;, b[li6ljxLgtf, >j0fzlSt u'Dg], ljleGg /f]u cflbsf sf/0f p;df gofFgofF si6x¿ cfOnfU5g\ . zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s ckfª\utf / 3fts rf]6k6sn] cfqmfGt kf5{ .

csf{lt/ kfl/jfl/s hLjgdf cg]s b'3{6gfx¿ cfpF5g\ . w]/} cj:yfdf cfkm"nfO{ x]/rfx ub{} cfPsf klt, kTgL jf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] d[To' x'G5, jf ltgdf hl6n /f]u nfu]/ pkrf/df 7"nf] wg/flz, zlSt, ;fdYo{, kx'Fr / ;dosf] vr{ x'G5 . o;f] eP/ ;xf/f ;dfKt x'G5 . :jhgx¿ b'3{6gfdf laT5g\ jf eofgs 3fOt] x'g k'U5g\ . csNkgLo kfl/jfl/s 36gfx¿df efO–alxgL, 5f]/f–5f]/L, >Ldfg\–>LdtL d5{g\ . sf]xL nfdf] ;do /f]un] kLl8t eP/ laT5g\, sf]xL crfgs hfG5g\ . hfg]x¿ h;/L uP klg afFRg]sf] hLjg cem si6s/ aGb} hfg] xf] .

o;afx]s cfkm";Fu /ftf]lbg /xg] ;fyL;FuL, ;xsdL{, l5d]sL / cfkmGtx¿ dl//x]sf] va/ cfpF5 . ltgLx¿;Fu vfP–v]n]sf], xfF;]sf] / efjL hLjgsf af/]df sNkgf / of]hgf agfPsf] ofbn] lk/f]N5 . x/]s lbg eg]h:tf] sf]xL g sf]xL d/]sf] va/ ;'Gg'k5{ . x]bf{x]b{} cfkm\gfx¿sf] Toqf] 7"nf] eL8 Ps–Ps ub{} d[To'j/0f u/]/ z"Godf lanfpFb} hfG5 . ca s'g lbg cfkm" klg o;} u/L e"ld:y x'g'k/]sf] va/ aGg]5 eGg] ePkl5 pgLx¿sf] dgf]an 6'6\5 .

#= cfly{s ;d:of M a'9Øf}nLdf csf{] hl6ntf cfly{s sl7gfOn] kfb{5 . ljleGg Joj;fo jf k];f ubf{ 7"nf] gf]S;fgL k/]sf] x'g ;S5, slxNo} p7\g g;Sg] u/L Joj;fo 8'a]sf] x'g ;S5 . slxn] ds} lk:tf 3'g lkl;Pem}F cfkm" ck/fwdf ;+nUg geP klg glhssf] dfG5]n] u/]sf] ck/fwsf] b08 cfkm"n] ef]Ug'kg{] eOlbG5 . d'2fdfldnf / sf]6{–srx/L wfpFbf 7"nf] cfly{s Joo x'g k'U5 . cfDbfgLsf ;|f]tx¿ crfgs aGb x'g k'U5g\ . slt k'/fgf k];f–Joj;fo g} lj:yflkt x'G5g\, slt cfkm}F–cfkm}F lvOG5g\ / ;'S5g\ . cfkm" gofF Joj;fo ;dfTg ;St}gg\ . o'4, dGbL, dxfdf/L, cfGbf]ng / ljb|f]xx¿n] ubf{ jf slxn] d'b|fl:kmlt eP/ / dxFuL a9]/ cfkm"n] hf]ufPsf] k};fsf] d"No Psbd 36]/ hfg ;S5 . cfkm"n] lsg]sf] 3/hUuf / c¿ crn ;DklQsf] d"No g} ;dfKt x'g klg ;S5 . cfh ahf/af6 6f9fsf ufpF3/sf v]tx¿sf] d"No csNkgLo ¿kn] 36]sf] 5 . lxhf] ;'gsf] efp kfpg] a]F;L v]tx¿ cfh a]sf/sf x'g] 8/ a9]sf] 5 .

To;dfly ;Gtfgsf] cfly{s cj:yf sf/0fjz aaf{b eof] jf  kfl/jfl/s ljv08g eOlbof] eg] cfkm"n] e/y]u ug{'kg{] eOlbG5 . gflt–gfltgf kflnlbg'kg{] jf c? s'g} lsl;dn] cfly{s ;xof]u ug'{'kg{] l:ylt alglbG5 . o;af6 yk cfly{s tgfj eOlbG5 .

$= d'2f–dfldnf M 5f]/f5f]/Ln] c+z bfaL u/]/ l/Qf] kfl/lbG5g\ . lhpgLsf] wg klg kmsfO{km'NofO{ xft kf5{g\ / To;kl5 nft xfG5g\ . kfl/jfl/s ;d:ofx¿, dte]b / emu8fx¿n] lghL hLjg layf]lnG5 . cfzf, e/f];f, ljZjf;sf afFw km'6\5g\ . ;DklQsf] c+zaG8f, d'2f–dfldnf / sfg'gL n8fOFn] slxNo} lg:sg g;lsg] sxfnLnfUbf] e'ne'n}ofdf kmF;fpF5g\ .

%= 7uL / b'Jo{jxf/ M 7uL, rf]/L, n'6kf6 / xTofdf kg{] 8/n] Ho]i7 gful/ssf] hLjg qf;do aG5 . b'Jo{jxf/ / ckdfg klg o; pd]/df cfOnfUg] 7"nf ;d:of x'g\ . pd]/ a'l9Fb} uPkl5 z/L/ / r]t b'j} sdhf]/ x'g] x'gfn] a"9fa"9Ln] ckl/lrtnfO{ klg ;xh} ljZjf; ug{] vt/f x'G5 . o;f] ePkl5 lognfO{ 7Ug, b'Jo{jxf/ ug{, s'6lk6 ug{ jf ckdfg ug{ ;lhnf] k5{ . csf{lt/ cfkm\g} ;Gtfg jf x]/fn'x¿n] kl/Tofu ul/lbG5g\ / hLjg cem si6k"0f{ aG5 .

 

 

 

 

v08 b'O{

s= a"9fa"9Lsf ;'v

a'9Øf}nL nfdf] hLjgsf] clgjfo{ cj:yf xf] . a'9Øf}nLnfO{ Psbd hl6n / sl7g cj:yf xf] / cg]s ;d:ofsf] u'F8 xf] klg elg;lsof] . h;/L a'9Øf}nL pd]/df k;];Fu} hjfgL lgv|G5, hf]; / km'tL{ lgv|G5 To;} u/L xif{, ;Gt'li6 / v';L klg lgv|G5g\ eGg] s'/f xf]Og . o; pd]/df v';L /xg ;lsFb}g eGg] cy{ lgsfNg'x'Fb}g . o; pd]/sf ;'vx¿nfO{ d}n] oxfF ;"rLs[t ug{] sf]l;; u/]sf] 5' M

!= ;kmn / bL3{ hLjgsf] pknlAw M ;a} dflg; a"9f] xf]pGh]n afFRg kfpFb}gg\, o; cy{df a'9Øf}nL cj:yf ;kmn / bL3{ hLjgsf] pkxf/ xf] . o; cj:yf;Dd cfOk'Ug kfpg'nfO{ pknlAw / efUo dfGg'k5{ . of] v';L x'g'kg{] ljifo xf] .

@= ;Ddfg, k|]d, ;'/Iff / jf:tf–vf]hL M xfdLsxfF a"9fa"9LnfO{ lbOg] ;Ddfg, k|]d, ;'/Iff / jf:tf–vf]hL nf]enfUbf 5g\ . xfdLsxfF klZrdfx¿sf em}F afa'–cfdf h];'s} u¿g\, hxfF;'s} hfpmg\ eGg] rng 5}g . ;Gtfgn] cfkm\gf af–cfdfsf] ;]jf–z'>"iff ug{ kfpg'nfO{ efUosf] / uf}/jsf] ¿kdf lnG5g\ .

#= 3/d"nLsf] x}l;ot M k/Dk/fut s[lif–cfwfl/t ;+o'St kl/jf/df cfh klg a"9fa"9Lx¿ 3/sf d"nL x'G5g\, kl/jf/sf] ;j{:jLsfo{ s]Gb|Lo g]tf x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf] cfb]z–lgb{]zg dfGg' c¿ ;a} ;b:osf nflu clgjfo{tf /xG5 . x/]s wfld{s–;f+:s[lts ultljlwdf a"9fa"9Lsf] e"ldsf ljz]if aG5 . b;}Fh:tf kj{df a"9fa"9LsxfF cfzLjf{b yfKg]x? 6f9f6f9faf6 cfpF5g\ .

/fhf hlt a"9f] eP klg pgsf] d[To'kl5 dfq 5f]/fn] /fhkf6 ;DxfNg] / /fhf x'g] rng ljZjJofkL 5, pd]/;Fu} /fhf–/fgL l/6fo8{ x'Fb}gg\ . of] Jojxf/ g]kfn–ef/th:tf lxGb'ax'n b]zsf ;fdfGo 3/kl/jf/df klg nfu" x'G5 . xfd|f] k/Dk/fdf 3/sf d"nLsf] cfb]z–lgb{]zg hlt;'s} s7f]/ jf cdfgjLo eP klg dfGg' 7"nf] k|lti7fsf] ljifo x'G5 . cof]Wofsf /fhf bz/yn] cfkm\gf h]7f 5f]/f /fdnfO{ rf}w jif{ jgjf; hfg lbPsf] cfb]z pgn] ;xif{ / ;uf}/j :jLsf/ u/]sf] syf 5 . /fdsyf g]kfnsf 3/3/df k"Ho / :t'To syf xf] . >L/fdsf] k'qwd{ ;j{q k|z+;gLo / ;j{u|fx\o 5 . >L/fd cfbz{ k'?if x'g\ .

$= :j–lge{/tf M ;a} a"9fa"9L k/lge{/ x'Fbf klg x'Fb}gg\ . s}of}F a"9fa"9L gAa] jif{ s6'Gh]n k"0f{¿kdf cfkm\gf] :ofxf/;Def/ ug{], vfgf ksfpg], kl/jf/nfO{ v'jfpg], sfddf ;3fpg], cfkm}F k"hfcfhf, e]63f6 / dlGb/x'Fbf] hfg] cflb u5{g\ . w]/} a"9fa"9L cfkm\gf] ;/;kmfO cfkm}F u5{g\ . a'9\of}nL pd]/sf nflu ;l~rt /sd, lhpgL cflbn] pgLx?nfO{ cfTdlg0f{osf nflu w]/} cfwf/ lbG5 .

%= lhDd]bf/Laf6 pGd'lSt M a"9fa"9L :j:y 5g\ eg] :jtGqtf ;a}eGbf cfsif{s s'/f x'G5 . sltko a"9fa"9Ln] hLjgdf ;a}eGbf ;'v;Gtf]if a'9Øf}nL pd]/d} kfpg ;s]sf x'G5g\, lsgeg] pgLx¿n] hLjgdf ug'{kg{] ;Dk"0f{ lhDd]bf/L k"/f u/]sf x'G5g\, ;Gtltn] ;a} Jojxf/ 9fS5g\ . pgLx¿ ;+;f/sf] bf}8, hLjgsf lhDd]bf/L / ;a}vfn] aGwgaf6 d'St /xG5g\ .

^= ef}lts ljsf;sf nfe M cfh lj1fgsf] k|ult / ljsf;n] a"9fa"9Lsf] ef}lts hLjg ;/n agfPsf] 5 . oftfoft, ;~rf/, cf}iflwh:tf s'/f crDd nfUg]u/L ;'wfl/Psf / pGgt 5g\ . cfw'lgs hLjgsf ;'ljwfx¿ ef]Ug kfpFbf a"9fa"9Lx¿ k'/fgf si6k"0f{ / ;fwg–;'ljwfljxLg lbg;Fu t'ngf u5{g\ . o; t'ngfn] a"9fa"9LnfO{ ;'v lbG5 .

hf8f]–udL{sf nflu n'ufkmf6f / h'QfrKknsf] pknAwtf / ljsf;df sfofkn6 ePsf] 5 . lah'nL, kª\vf, lx6/, Uof;, OG8S;g r'nf, dfOqmf]j]e cf]eg, efF8fs'F8f, yd{; cflb cg]s 3/fo;L pks/0fsf] ;xh pknAwtf 5 . ljZje/sf vfgf, kmnkm"n / ;fu;AhL kfOG5g\ . htftt} c:ktfn / 8fS6/ 5g\ . /f]u nfu]df cf}iflw kfOG5 . oL ;asf] pkof]u–pkef]un] a'9Øf}nLnfO{ w]/} cf/fd ldn]sf] 5 .

&= ;Gtfgsf af6faf6 ;'v M 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] pGglt, gflt–gfltgfsf] k|ult x]b{} a"9fa"9L xf]pGh]n cfkmGt–5/l5d]saLr afFRg kfpg' 7"nf] ;'v;Gtf]if / efUosf] s'/f xf] .

*= lat]sf] ;do;Fu t'ngf M cfh p;a]nfsf x]/L :s'n / lzIffn] slt xf] slt km8\sf] df/]sf] b]Vg kfpFbf, k|hgg :jf:Yosf] If]q Psbd} cl3 a9]sf] b]Vtf, ef}lts ;fwgx¿sf] pknAwtf, cfly{s pGglt, vfgkfgsf] ;xhtf a9]sf] b]Vtf afFlrof] / of] ;a b]Vg kfOof] eGg] nfU5 a"9fa"9LnfO{ .

(= cf/fdbfoL 3/ / ;'vL kl/jf/ M 3/ klxn]sf x]/L cf/fdbfoL, ;'/lIft / ;'Gb/ 5g\ . sltsf 3/leq} rkL{ ag]sf 5g\ . klxn]h:tf] :ofpF:ofpF ;Gtfg 5}gg\ . /fn]–l;Fufg] s]6fs]6L b]Vg'kb{}g . ;Gtfg yf]/} eP klg of]Uo, ;Ifd, ;Ddflgt / hLljsf]kfh{gsf] ;fwg jf k];f ePsf 5g\ . yf]/} ;DklQ / cfocfh{g eP klg hLjg ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 .

!)= Ho]i7 gful/s ;+:yfx? M Ho]i7 gful/sn] rf}tf/L, d~r, ;+:yf cflb lgdf{0f u/]/ cg'ej ;f6f;f6 ug{], ;do latfpg] sfo{qmd, 7fpF / ;fyL kfPsf 5g\ . of] k|rng ;x/af6 qmdzM ufpFlt/ klg km}lnFb} 5 .

!!= ;Ddfg / ;'ljwfx? M a"9fa"9LnfO{ ;dfh / /fHosf] tkm{af6 klg ljz]if ;Ddfg ul/G5 . w]/} a"9fa"9Ln] k]G;g, Ho]i7 gful/s eQf, Psn eQf cflb ljleGg eQfsf] ;'ljwf kfPsf 5g\ . a;–uf8Ldf ef8f cflbdf 5'6 5 . uf8Ldf l;6 ldNg yfn]sf 5g\ . ;/sf/L sfof{no, c:ktfn, a}ª\s cflbdf ;j{;fwf/0f;Fu} nfdf] nfOgdf al;/xg'kb{}g . s}of}F /f]usf] lgMz'Ns pkrf/ 5 . vf; pd]/ gf3]sf Ho]i7 gful/sn] k"0f{ lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo;]jf kfpF5g\ .

!@= sf];]nL–pkxf/x?, e]63f6 M dflg;x¿ a"9fa"9LnfO{ e]6\g hfFbf kmnkm"n ld7fO{ cflb lnP/ hfG5g\ . dftftLy{ cf}F;L, a'afsf] d'v x]g{] lbgdf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] afa'cfdf;Fu a;]/ ljz]if pT;j dgfpF5g\ . To:tf] rng plxn] lyPg . b;}Fh:tf rf8af8df pgLx?sf xftsf 6Lsf yfKg]x? ;Gtfgdfq xf]Og, w]/} cj:yfdf 6f9f–6f9fsf cfkmGthg klg x'G5g\ .

ljZjk|l;4 l:jl8; cleg]qL Oglu|8 au{d]g elG5g\– æa"l9Fb} hfg' eg]sf] kxf8 r9\g'h:t} xf], clns :ofF:ofF t x'G5 g}, t/ b[Zo cem /fd|f] b]Vg kfOG5 .Æ (Getting old is like climbing a mountain; you get a little out of breath, but the view is much better!")

o;/L x]bf{ cfhsf a"9fa"9Ln] k'/fgf] hLjg;Fu t'ngf u/]/ lrQ a'emfpg]dfq xf]Og cfkm\gf] jf ;Gtfgsf] hLjgdf cfPsf] pGgltn] ;Gt'li6 / ;'v dfg]sf] kfOG5 . dfly ;"rLs[t / c¿ klg cg]s ;'v;'ljwf / cfb/;Ddfg ef]Ug kfPsf a"9fa"9Ln] cfkm"nfO{ efUodfgL dfg]sf] b]lvG5 .

 

v= a"9fa"9Lsf rl/q

x/]s pd]/sf dflg;sf] cf–cfkm\gf] :jefj / rl/q x'G5 . s]6fs]6L pd]/sf JolStx¿sf ;femf rl/q x'G5g\, o'jfx¿sf klg ;femf rl/q x'G5g\ / cwa}F;] jf a"9fa"9Lsf klg vf; rl/q x'G5g\ . aLaL;Lsf] cWoog -hfl/of uf]/e]6, !^ dfr{ @)@)_cg';f/ a"9fa"9Lx?sf] rl/qdf c? pd]/sf dflg;df eGbf a9L ;+j]udf lgoGq0f, ldng;fl/tf, ljZjf;of]Uotf / cfWoflTdstf kfOG5 .

xfdLsxfF w]/}h;f] a"9fa"9Lsf s]xL ;femf rl/q x]/f}F M

!= ljut–k|]d M a"9fa"9L ljutdf afFR5g\ . o;sf] cy{ pgLx¿sf cfjZostf, v';L, b'Mv, efj–cefj cflb ljut;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . p;a]nf o:tf] lyof], p:tf] elg/xG5g\ .

@= emsf{]–kmsf{] M a'l9Fb} uPkl5 dflg;sf] z/L/, dl:tis / dgf]an sdhf]/ x'G5g\ . cfkm"n] u/LcfPsf sltko sfd ug{ pgLx¿nfO{ ;Dej x'Fb}g / tL sfd kl/jf/sf c¿ s'g} ;b:on] ul/lbP x'GYof] eGg] ck]Iff x'G5 . Tof] sfd OlR5t ;dodf OlR5t tl/sfn] k"/f ePg eg] a"9fa"9L b'Mlvt x'G5g\ . To;}n] a"9fa"9LnfO{ w]/} s'/fdf ;+j]udfly lgoGq0f ug{] Ifdtf x'g] eP klg o:tf s'/fdf emsf{] nfUg], l/; p7\\g] jf b'Mv nfUg] x'G5 .

#= s[lif–k|]d M xfd|f Hofbfh;f] a"9fa"9Lsf] ;lqmo pd]/ u|fdL0f kl/j]zdf s[lifsd{df laTof] . To;}n] pgLx¿n] s[lif k];fnfO{ cfjZostfeGbf a9L dxŒj lbG5g\ . sltkon] ufpFn] hLjgnfO{ ;'vsf] :ju{ / ;xl/of hLjgnfO{ b'Mvsf] gs{ b]V5g\ . ;x/sf 3/leq x'g] ;'ljwf ltgLx¿nfO{ a]sf/sf nfU5g\ . logn] ltgLx¿sf] dgnfO{ v';L lbFb}gg\ . ltg} v]taf/L, ltg} ufO{a:t', ltg} avf{–lxpFb, ltg} d]nfkft, ltg} 3fF;–kfgL, ltg} ef/L–af]em pgLx¿sf] x[boel/ 3'ld/x]sf x'G5g\ . ;kgfdf klg tL ltg} s'/f b]V5g\ .

kz'kfng, km"naf/L / ;fu;AhL v]tL;Fu glhs x'g kfP pgLx¿nfO{ cyfx ;'v ldN5 .

$= If0feª\u'/tf M a"9fa"9Lx¿n] hLjgdf w]/} g} hGd, a;fO;/fO, /f]uJoflw / d[To' b]v]sf x'G5g\ . o;f] ePsfn] pgLx¿ hLjgnfO{ clgTo dfG5g\, clt c:yfoL / e/ kg{ g;lsg] dfG5g\ . cfkm\gf jl/kl/sf 36gf / JolStx¿nfO{ sltkon] ;kgfem}F, e|dem}F dfG5g\ . hLjgsf] If0feª\u'/tf pgLx¿sf] gh/df ;a}eGbf qm"/ ;To xf] .

%= af]nrfn M a"9fa"9Lx¿sf s'/f ;'lglbg]sf] ;ª\Vof sd x'g] ePsfn] pgLx¿ lrgfkrL{ ug{, af]nrfn ug{, cfkm\gf] af/]df eGg, cfkm\gf ;Gtfgsf] af/]df ;'gfpg OR5's /xG5g\ . cfkm\gf] af/]df ;f]wLvf]hL ul/lbg], cfkm"nfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s clejfbg ug{] / s'/fsfgL ug{] JolStnfO{ logLx¿ w]/} k|]d / k|z+;f u5{g\ .

^= wfld{stf M w]/}h;f] a"9fa"9L pd]/df gfl:ts lyP eg] klg o; pd]/df cfP/ cWofTdjfbL, wd{eL¿ / O{Zj/eSt ag]sf b]lvG5g\ . a}F;sf] pd]/df cg]svfn] cf8Da/, 3dG8, s7f]/tf, qm"/tf, Jolerf/, b'/frf/, nf]enfnr / 5n5fddf dUg /xL afFr]sfx¿ klg ca cfP/ bofn', ljj]szLn, 3dG8/lxt, cf8Da//lxt, bfgL, u'0fL, ;xof]uL, efj's / ;a}nfO{ ;dfg b]Vg] eO;s]sf x'G5g\ . lxhf];Dd hf];Fu klg emu8f ug{ tD;g], s;};Fu gldNg] c;fdflhsx¿ klg qmdzM ;fdflhs aGg yfN5g\ . c¿sf /fo ;'Gg], c¿sf] ljrf/nfO{ dxTTj lbg] / c¿nfO{ oyf]lrt ;Ddfg lbg yfN5g\ .

a"9fa"9Lx¿sf] af]nL / Jojxf/df ;To, Gofo, ;bfrf/, ;xof]u / ljZjf; k|s6 x'G5 . b'O{ lbgsf] lhGbuLdf c¿nfO{ lsg ?jfpg' eGg] pgLx¿nfO{ nfU5 .

:j:y, ;lqmo / nfdf] cfo' afFr]sf a"9fa"9Lsf rl/qut ljz]iftfx¿ M

!= zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s ultljlw of ;lqmotfdf :ki6 p2]Zo /fV5g\ .

@= cfzfjfbL / ;sf/fTds ;f]r ePsf x'G5g\ .

#= w}o{, ;xgzLntf / ablnFbf] kl/l:yltdf ldNg] cg's"ng Ifdtf x'G5 .

$= kf]ifs vfgf / ;xL tf}n sfod u5{g\ .

%= tgfjsf] s'zn Joj:yfkg ug{] afgL x'G5 .

^= cfTdljZjf; x'G5 . :jtGqtfk"j{s ;f]Rg] / sfd ug{] u5{g\ .

&= ;DaGwx¿ ;Gt'lnt / alnof /fV5g\, ;dfh–;d'bfo;Fu cToGt 3'nldn /xG5g\ .

 

u= a"9fa"9Lsf ;d:of

a'9Øf}nL ;d:ofu|:t pd]/ xf] . ;fdYo{ 36];Fu} cfjZostf, /x/, ;kgf / OR5f 36\t}gg\, t/ cfly{s ;|f]t, zf/Ll/s Ifdtf / lbdfuL ;fdYo{ 36\5g\ . oL b'O{aLr tfnd]n gldNg] ePsfn] a'9Øf}nL pd]/ ;d:ofu|:t aGb5 .

!= zf/Ll/s ;ª\s6 M

sltko a"9fa"9L zf/Ll/s ¿kdf nfdf] ;do;Dd tGb'?:t /xG5g\ . slt t kGrfGgAa] jif{sf] pd]/;Dd klg 3/]n' sfdwGbf cfkm}F ug{], xf6ahf/ hfg], ;fOsn rnfpg] cflb ug{ ;S5g\ . t/ ;a}sf] To:tf] x'Fb}g . sltko JolSt ;f7L gk'Ub} cg]s /f]usf 3/ alg;s]sf x'G5g\ . ;'u/, k|];/, o'l/s Pl;8, sf]n]:6]/f]n, yfO/fO8, k]6;DaGwL, lk;fa;DaGwL, kfON;, 3F'8f b'Vg], 5fnfsf] ;d:of, of}g cª\udf ;d:of, cfFvf, sfg, lb;flk;fa clgolGqt x'g], SofG;/ cflb cg]s /f]u / ltgsf sf/0f ckfª\utfsf l;sf/ aGg k'U5g\ . sf]xL d'6'/f]uL / cGo To:t} /f]ux¿af6 u|:t eO/x]sf x'G5g\ .

sltnfO{ cN;fOd;{ jf l8d]lG;ofn] cfqmd0f u5{ . slt n8]/ jf b'3{6gfdf k/]/ rf]6k6sn] nfdf] ;do;Dd cf]5Øfgdf k5{g\, sltnfO{ rflxF k'/fgf rf]6k6s aNem]/ c6'6 b'vfO x'G5 . hLjgdf slxNo} g;'lgPsf /f]u cfpF5g\ / u|:t agfpF5g\ . a"9fa"9Lsf] /f]uIfdtf zlSt w]/} sd x'G5 . ctM ;fdfGo ?3fvf]sL, lgdf]lgof jf 3fprf]6 klg uDeL/ eOlbg ;S5 . e'6]sf ds} vfPem}F laxfg–a]n's} cf}iflw vfg'kg{] cj:yf cfOnfU5 .

@= cfly{s ;d:of M

a"9fa"9L x'Fb} uPkl5 gf]s/L, Joj;fo jf s[lifaf6 xft w'g'kb{5 . cfkm"n] tL ;a ;DxfNg ;lsFb}g . o;f] ePkl5 sdfpg] af6fx¿ aGb x'G5g\ . lxhf] cfkm"n] dxfb'Mv u/]/ sdfP/ hf]ufPsf] k};f ;Gtfgsf] lgoGq0fdf k'u]sf] x'G5 . Tof] cfkm"v';L vr{ ug{ yfNof] eg] ;Gtfgn] c¿ vfnsf c;lhnf pTkGg ug{ yfN5g\ . o;} klg k};fsf] cjd"Nog eP/ qmozlSt Psbd IfL0f eO;s]sf] x'G5 . o;/L a"9fa"9Lsf] xftdf k};f eP/ klg pgLx¿dWo] sltnfO{ cfly{s sl7gfO x'G5 .

sltsf ;Gtfgn] a"9fa"9Lsf] gfddf /x]sf] 3/hUuf, Joj;fo, pBf]u cflb ;DklQ cfkm\gf] gfddf ;fl/lbg jf a]Rg bafj lbG5g\ . ha Tof] ;DklQ xftaf6 km'TsG5 ta a"9fa"9Lsf ckdfgk"0f{, cefjk"0f{ / b'Mvdo lbg ;'? eOxfN5g\ .

hLjge/ 3/sf] cfly{s afu8f]/ ;Dxfn]/ x/]s lg0f{o cfkm}Fn] ug{] cfbt ePsf] dflg; qmdzM k};fsf nflu c¿sf] cfzf ug'{kg{], cfkm\g} k};fdf c¿sf] ;Ddlt kv{g'kg{] jf c¿ s;}af6 ;xfotf gkfpg];Ddsf] l:yltdf k'U5g\ . lxhf]sf] Tof] t'h's, tfut, Tof] clwsf/ / ;fdYo{ ;lsPkl5 lbSs nfUg', emsf]{ nfUg', l/; p7\g', lg/fzfn] 3]g'{ jf emu8f ug{ tD;g' ;fdfGo xf] .

#= a;fO;/fOsf ;d:of M

a'9Øf}nL pd]/df k'u]kl5 sltkon] cfkm"n] al;/x]sf] ufpF;x/af6 csf{] 7fpFdf a;fO;/fO ug'{kg{] afWotf cfOnfU5 . 5f]/f5f]/Lsf k];f–Joj;fo, gf]s/L cflbn] ltgLx¿ ePsf] 7fpFdf uP/ a;]dfq pgLx¿af6 ;]jf kfpg] eP/ sltko a"9fa"9L a;fOF ;g{ k'U5g\ . sltkosf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] cfly{s pGglt ug{ ;kmn ePkl5 ufpF jf ;fgfltgf ;x/af6 sf7df8f}F, kf]v/f, lj/f6gu/, e/tk'/ jf jL/uGhh:tf ;x/df 7"nf / eJo 3/ agfpF5g\ clg cfkm\gf afa'cfdfnfO{ klg ToxLF nu]/ cfkm";Fu} /fVg rfxG5g\ . sltn] t a'9Øf}nL pd]/df hGde"ld Tofu]/ Sofg8f, o'P;P, o's] jf c:6«]lnof k'Ug'kg{] afWotf x'G5 .

em6\6 x]bf{ of] s'g} ;d:of xf]Og . t/ a"9fa"9LnfO{ o;af6 cToGt PSnf] / c;xfo dx;'; x'G5 . cfkm"n] lrg]sf / cfkm"nfO{ lrGg]x¿sf] ;dfhaf6 km'Q} o:tf Psbd gf}nf 7fpFdf cfpg'kbf{ a"9fa"9LnfO{ 7"nf] dfgl;s wSsf k'U5 . cfkm" ufpF3/df ;a}sf aLr kl/lrt / ;'/lIft JolSt ;x/df ckl/lrt / PsfsL eP/ a:g'k/]sf] x'G5 .

cfkm" hGd]sf] b]z, al;cfPsf] ufpF jf ;x/sf 3/x¿, kz'kG5L, 8fF8fkfvf, vf]nfvf]N;f, kf]v/L–vf8n / ¿v–a'6f klg cfkm\g} nfU5 dfG5]nfO{ . pgLx¿ tL ;a}l;t yfx} gkfO{ /ftf]lbg ;+jfb ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . ToxfFsf rf8af8, cfkmGthg, lrgf? cflb ;a}nfO{ clgR5fk"j{s r6Ss 5f8]/ cGt} hfg' s;}nfO{ ;xh x'Fb}g . pgLx¿ ;kgfdf kms{]/ k'/fg} 7fpFdf k'U5g\ . ;kgf / sNkgfdf tL k'/fg} hLjgdf kmls{/xG5g\ . sltko t gofF 7fpFdf a;]sf] nfdf] ;dokl5 klg 3/aflx/ lg:s]df kmsL{ 3/ cfpg] af6f];d]t e'N5g\ .

j}b]lzs jf b]zleq} klg gf]s/Lsf sf/0f cfkm\gf] ufpF3/af6 tL;f}F jif{ aflx/ a;]/ 3/ kms{]sfx¿ klg PSnf] cg'ej u5{g\ . cfkm\gf ;djoL ;fyL / k'/fgf l5d]sLx¿ sxfF–sxfF k'u]sf x'G5g\ . k'/fgf lrgf?x¿ lalt;s]sf x'G5g\ jf a'9Øf}nLn] lgliqmo eO;s]sf x'G5g\ . gofF cfPsfx¿n] logLx¿sf] lgoldt vf]hL ul/lbFb}gg\ . ltgLx¿l;t s'g} efjgfTds ;DaGw ag]sf] x'Fb}g .

pd]/ 9Ns]kl5 a;fOF ;gf{n] a"9fa"9LnfO{ PsfsLkg, lj/lSt / pbf;Ln] 3]5{ .

$= ef}lts ljsf; / ;x/Ls/0fsf ;d:of M

xfdL b]zdf ef}lts ljsf;sf] ck|Toflzt ultsf] o'udf 5f}F . htftt} ;8s ag] . ahf/ / ;x/ ag] . kfs{ / rf]s ag] . htf uof] pt} ef}lts rdTsf/ ePsf] 5 . lxhf]sf] Tof] ;fgf] ufpF cfh l5rf]nLg;Sg' 7"nf] ;x/ ag]sf] 5 . ptf ufpF l/lQFb} 5g\ . v]taf/Lx¿n] dflg;sf sd{zLn xft u'dfO/x]sf 5g\, afFlemFb} 5g\ . ufpF rf8af8df ;d]t ;'g;fg aGb} 5 . ;x/ahf/x¿df a]/f]huf/x¿ y'lk|O/x]sf 5g\ .

ahf/df lxhf] ;a}n] ;a}nfO{ lrGy] . cfh s;}n] s;}nfO{ lrGg 5f8]sf 5g\ . cfkm"n] lrg]sfx¿ afFsL 5}gg\ t/ ckl/lrtx¿sf] 7"nf] eL8 st}af6 cfPh:tf] b]lvG5 . cfkm\g} 3/ hfg] af6f] ;f]Wg'kg{] cj:yf x'G5 .

a"9fa"9Ln] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] k|of]udf klg k/lge{/ aGg'k/]sf] 5 . sltko :yfgdf ;8s kf/ ug{df ;d]t c¿sf] e/ kg'{k5{ . o;af6 a"9fa"9LnfO{ w]/} sl7gfO x'G5 .

%= ;~rf/;'ljwfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf ;d:of M

lxhf] 6]lnkmf]g;Dd lyPg . ;~rf/ eg]sf] df}lvs va/ / lr7Lkq dfq lyP . cfh 6]lnkmf]g, /]l8of], l6eL, OG6/g]6 cflbn] ;a}nfO{ ;a};Fu hf]8]sf] 5 . o; kl/jt{gn] a"9fa"9Lsf] hLjgnfO{ klg w]/} lx;fan] ;lhnf] kf/]sf] 5, pgLx¿ 6f9f 5l/Psf cfkmGt, 5f]/f5f]/L, gfltgfltgf, l5d]sL / lrgf?;Fu lg/Gt/ ;Dks{ ug{ kfO/x]sf x'G5g\ . t/ sltko dfldnfdf logsf] k|of]un] pgLx¿ k"0f{ k/lge{/ x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . df]afOn kmf]g, OG6/g]6 / sDKo'6/h:tf cfw'lgs pks/0fn] a"9fa"9LnfO{ cToGt /ge'Nndf kf5{g\ .

^= ;fdflhs rl/q / ;DaGwdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gsf ;d:of M

;dfhsf] ;+/rgf, cy{tGq / kl/jf/sf] :j¿k a"9fa"9Ln] krfpg g;Sg] u/L tLj|ultdf km]/abn eO/x]sf] 5 . >Ldfg\–>LdtLsf] ;DaGw, 5f]8kq / kfl/jfl/s ljv08g, 5f]/f5f]/Lk|ltsf] ;fdflhs cjwf/0ff, cGthf{tLo ;DaGw, 5'jf5't / lje]b, l5d]sLk|ltsf] Jojxf/, dflg;–dflg;aLr x'g] cGtlqm{of klxn]sf x]/L slt xf] slt km/s eO;s]sf] 5 . ca o; ;dfhsf] eljio s] x'g] xf], cfkm"n] ;xh dflgcfPsf] ;fdflhs ;DaGw eTs]sf] b]v]/ pgLx¿ eoeLt aG5g\ .

&= ;f+:s[lts kl/jt{gsf ;d:of M

h;/L ablnFbf] ;fdflhs Joj:yf / kl/j]zn] a"9fa"9LnfO{ c;lhnf] kl/l:yltdf ws]N5, p;}u/L ;f+:s[lts kl/jt{gn] a'9Øf}nL pd]/df dflg; /ge'Nn aG5g\ . xhf/f}F jif{;Dd Psgf; vf; vfnsf] ;+:s[lt rNof] . :yflkt wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s ;+/rgf o'uo'u rn] . cfh cfP/ tL crfgs eTsg] / gofF aGg] qmddf 5g\ . ;dfhsf] ;f+:s[lts :j¿k Psbd ablnPsf] 5 cfh . rf8af8, lax]a6'nf / pT;jx¿df kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . lxhf] dgfOg] rf8af8 cfh la;{Fb} hfg] / lxhf] gfd} g;'lgPsf rf8af8 w'dwfd;Fu dgfPsf] b]Vtf a"9fa"9L cfkm" sxfF s'g ;dfhdf 5', cndNn k5{g\ . JolStx¿sf vfgkfg, rfn9fn, klx/g / af]nLrfnLdf plQs} kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . lxhf] af]lng] efiff, lxhf] b]lvg] /ldtf stf k'u] stf Û ;a}yf]s olt l56f] ablnP ls logn] a"9fa"9LnfO{ eofgs emd]nfdf kfl/lbPsf] 5 .

*= dfgl;s ;ª\s6 M

a'9Øf}nL;Fu cg]s efjgfTds, ;+j]ufTds cflb dfgl;s ;d:of cfpF5g\ . PSnf]kg, kl/ToSt cj:yf, alx:sf/, lg/fzf, xtfzf, gsf/fTds efjgf / cfTd;Ddfg u'Dg] h:tf ;d:ofn] a'9Øf}nLnfO{ 3]5{ . lxhf]sf] Tof] cfkm\gf] zfg;f}st, ;fdYo{ / km}nfj6 u'd]sf] 6'n'6'n' x]g'{kg{] lbg cfpF5g\ . lxhf] ;of}F JolSt gd:sf/ ub{} cfkm\gf] sfd agfpg cfpFy], cfh ltgn] r6Ss} la;{]sf x'G5g\ . lxhf]sf] af3 cfh leh]sf] la/fnf] aGg'k/]sf] x'G5 . o:tf] ;d:ofsf] ;xh / ;xL pkrf/ 5}g . a'9Øf}nL pd]/n] lbPsf s7f]/ / laemfpg] pkxf/x¿ :jLsf/ u/L cl3 a9\g ;lhnf] 5}g . a"9fa"9Ln] ca cfkm" cf]/fnf] nfu]sf] ;To :jLsf/ ug{ ;lhnf] 5}g .

a'9Øf}nL;Fu} pgLx¿sf bfx|f, gª\u|f / l;ª km':sG5g\ . lxhf] Ps dfgfsf] rfdn vfg]n] cfh Ps d'7L rfdnsf] eft vfg d'l:sn 5 . cfkm"n] hLjge/ l;s]sf], hfg]sf] / cg'ej u/]sf] s'/fsf] ;f/ klg s;}n] b'O{ k};fsf] b]lvlbFb}gg\ . 5f]/f5f]/Ln] cfkm"n] lbPsf] ;Nnfx Ps sfgn] ;'G5g\, csf{] sfgn] p8fpF5g\ . oL ;a s'/fn] a"9fa"9Lsf] dg ;a}eGbf a9L layf]lnPsf] x'G5 . hLjge/ sdfPsf cfkmGt, lrgf? / l5d]sLx¿af6 6fl9g'k/]sf] x'G5, w]/} t dl/;s]sf jf cfkm"eGbf gdHhfn] ylnPsf x'G5g\, o;n] cem dg lauf5{ .

(= PsfsLkgsf] ;ª\s6

a'9Øf}nLn] lbg] Ps gdL7f] yKk8 PsfsLkg xf] . hLjge/ ;ª\3if{ u/]sf] JolStn] ha kms{]/ lat]sf lbg ;DemG5, p;n] cfkm"nfO{ eofgs PsfsLkgdf kfpF5 . lxhf] Toltsf dfG5] lyP . cfkm"n] dfg]sf, ljZjf; u/]sf, e/ k/]sf slt lyP . cfkm"nfO{ dfGg], e/ kg{], ljZjf; ug{] slt lyP . tL rf8af8, tL lax]a6'nf, tL d]nfkj{, tL e]nf–hd36, tL v}nfa}nf / /fd–/dfOnf, tL k'/f0f / pT;jx¿, tL ofqf / syfsxfgL, tL gfrufg, ehg cfh stf x/fP . cs{} eof] ;a}yf]s .

km]l/ sxfFsxfFaf6 ;nxem}F dflg; cfPsf 5g\ . s'/f ug{] ljifo cs{} 5g\, ;f]Rg] tl/sf leGg} 5g\, ;d:of cs{} 5g\, cg'xf/ cs{} 5g\ . s]xL klg p:t} 5}g, s]xL klg ldn]sf] 5}g . ;a} eb|uf]n nfU5, cJojl:yt nfU5 . ;dfh c;'/lIft, /f]uu|:t, b'MvL / cnkq nfU5 .

ef}lts ¿kn] cfkm" PlSng' 7"nf] ;d:of x'G5 . 5f]/f5f]/L 6f9f k'U5g\, efOalxgL / c¿ gftfuf]tfsfx¿ 6f9f k'U5g\ . sf]xL g sf]xL d/]sf] va/ cfpF5 . ef}lts pkl:ylt eP klg geP klg w]/} cj:yfdf dfgl;s cg'kl:ylt a]xf]g'{k5{ . ;fy} ePsf 5f]/fa'xf/Lsf] cfkm";Fu af]Ng] ;do x'Fb}g . dgsf s'/f ;'lglbg] sf]xL x'Fb}g . gflt–gfltgfsf] t efiff;Dd a'em\g sl7g 5 . ltgLx¿ cfkm"nfO{ x]bf{ klg x]b{}gg\ . s]–s]df grflxFbf] cndn ul//xG5g\ .

sdhf]/ x'Fb} uPkl5 df};d klg c;Xo nfU5 . ;w}Fsf em}F 5f]/f5f]/Ln] s] 5 eg]/ ;f]w"g\, glhs} a;"g\\, 5f]pmg\, ;'D;'Dofpmg\, cfkm"n] ub{} u/]sf sfds'/fsf] ljifodf af]n"g\, s'g} ;d:ofdf cfkm\gf] /fo klg s] 5 eg]/ ;f]w"g\, cfkm"n] eg]sf s'/f Wofg lbP/ ;'g"g\ eGg] nfU5 . t/ w]/}h;f] cj:yfdf o:tf] ;Dej x'Fb}g . a'9Øf}nL pd]/n] lbg] PsfsLkgsf] rf]6 ;xg g;Sg] a"9fa"9Lsf] dg emg\emg\ eTsFb} hfG5 .

sltko 3/df ;dodf vfg lbg ;St}gg\ . /f]ucg';f/sf], :jf:Yo–cj:yfcg';f/sf] vfgf aGb}g . unf nfUg] ;f/f], s8f vfgf 3/sf c¿nfO{ dg knf{, w]/} lrNnf]–lk/f] jf g'lgnf] rflxPnf, cfkm"nfO{ Tof] ?Rt}g, kRt}g . vfgf lbg] 7fpF, tl/sf / ;do gldn]/ dfgl;s kL8f k'U5 . dlb/f dg gk/fpg] / zfsfxf/L a"9fa"9L;Fu a:g] 5f]/f5f]/Ln] efG;fdf df;'–dlb/fsf] k|j]z u/fpnfg\, pgLx¿ o;lj?4 k|lt/f]w ug{ ;St}gg\, clg dgdg} kLl8t eP/ a:g afWo x'G5g\ . lax]a6'nfsf ef]hdf cr]n v'Nndv'Nnf dlb/f vfOG5 . o:tf s'/fn] sltko a"9fa"9Lsf] x[bo kmf6\5 .

sltko 3/leq a"9fa"9LnfO{ c;Eo Jojxf/ x'G5, ckfRo ;Daf]wg / b'jf{Ro af]lnG5 . a"9fa"9LnfO{ e]6\g eg]/ ltgsf kfx'gf cfpFbf a]jf:tf, lt/:sf/ jf ckdfg u5{g\ . 3/sf ;b:on] k6Ss} ;f]wvf]h gug{] u5{g\ . >Ldfg\ of >LdtLn] 5f8]kl5 PSnf] x'g'k/]sf] cj:yfdf cfkm\gf] dgsf s'/f ;'lglbg] sf]xL afFsL g/xg ;S5g\ . PSnf a"9fa"9LnfO{ b'Jo{jxf/ cem a9L x'G5g\ . o:tf] eof] eg] a"9fa"9LnfO{ PsfsLkgn] ufFH5 . PsfsLkgn] emg\eGbf emg\ dgf]an v:sG5 .

sltkosf >Ldfg\, >LdtL jf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] d[To' x'G5, 5f]/f5f]/L 5'6\l6Psf jf ljb]z k'u]sf x'G5g\, cfkm\g} z/L/ ef/L x'G5, lrgf? db{} uPsf x'G5g\, p;a]nfsf af3h:tf ;fyLefO ca lxF88'n ug{} g;Sg] ePsf x'G5g\, kl/jf/hgn] cfkmGt jf 5/l5d]s;Fusf] e]63f6nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{] u5{g\, dg nfu]sf] vfg jf cfkm"v';L vr{ ug{ ;fydf k};f x'Fb}g, ePsf] k};fdf klg ;Gtltn] lx;falstfa vf]H5g\ . o;/L dflg;df PSnf]kg / lg/fzfsf] af]em cem r'lnFb} hfG5 .

!)= g}lts kl/jt{gsf] ;ª\s6 M

Pp6f e"ufn / ;+:s[ltdf ul/g] ;j{:jLsfo{ Jojxf/ csf{] e"uf]n / ;+:s[ltdf cToGt lgGbfof]Uo, 3[0ffof]Uo jf ckdfghgs eOlbg ;S5 . g}ltstf eGg] s'/f ;do;Fu;Fu} klg kl/jt{g x'g] /x]5 . lxhf] h'g Jojxf/ ckfRo, cg}lts / 3[0ff:kb lyof] cfh Tof] ;j{:jLsfo{, kfRo / g}lts klg x'g] /x]5 .

3/df lxhf] vfglkg, p7a;, n]gb]g, af]nLJojxf/, ;fOgf];DaGw cflbdf h'g tl/sf ckgfOGYof] ;f+:s[lts kl/jt{gsf sf/0f cfh ;a} ablnO;s]sf] x'G5 . w]/}h;f] a"9fa"9LnfO{ cr]nsf w]/} Jojxf/x¿ s[lqd, cg}lts, c;Eo / ljgfzd'vL nfU5 . ;dfh clglZrttftkm{ / ktgsf] af6fdf uPem}F nfU5 . pgLx¿ oL dflg;x¿ emg\eGbf emg\ ceb|, cg}lts / kfkL aGb} 5g\ eGg] b]V5g\ . cfkm"n] hf]8]sf hUufhldg, a:t'efp / 3/af/L ;Gtltn] sf}8Lsf] efpdf a]lr/x]sf x'G5g\ . cem sltko t tL ;a To;} 5f8]/ clglZrt uGtJotkm{ nfu]sf b]lvG5g\ . a"9fa"9Ln] of] ;a 6'n'6'n' x]/]/ a:g'k5{ . ;Sg] eP d o;f] uy{]F, p;f] uy{]F eg]/ sNkg'afx]s pgLx¿;Fu c¿ ljsNk x'Fb}g .

kxf8sf] Tolt pAhfp a]F;L v]t, 6f/af/L jf db];sf] Tolt pAhfp wfg v]t 5f8]/ ;Gtlt ahf/ k;]sf jf ;:tf] efpdf a]r]/ sfd g sfhsf] cgf}7f] Joj;fo ;'? u/]sf] b]v]/ a"9fa"9Lsf] dg wd{/fpF5 . slxNo} g;'lgPsf k];f–Joj;fodf cfkm\gf ;Gtfg nfu]sf 5g\ . ca gflt–gfltgfn] vfg kfpnfg\ ls gkfpnfg\ eGg] logLx¿nfO{ 8/ x'G5 .

dflg;n] lxhf] ug{] cd{kd{, ;/;fk6 r6Ss} 5f8]sf 5g\ . lax]a6'nfdf s}of}F lbgb]lv ul/g] ;3fpk3fp Oltxf;sf] ljifo eO/x]sf] 5 . cfk;df lxhf]sf] ljZjf;, cfzf / e/f];f 6'6]sf] 5 . kl/jf/sf] d"nLsf] s'/f s;}n] ;'Gb}g . a"9fa"9Lsf] ;'/Iff, ;Ddfg / cfb/ 5}g . cfkm\gf ;Gtfg / ltgsf ;fyL;FuLnfO{ g hftkftsf] dtna 5, g rfnrngsf] Vofn 5, g vfB–cvfBsf] r]t 5, g O{Zj/ / k/dfTdfsf] 8/ 5 eGg] pgLx¿nfO{ nfU5 . dflg;sf] g}ltstf l;l4of] eg] p;sf] ljgfzsf] 38L cfof] eGg] a'em] x'G5 . w]/} a"9fa"9LnfO{ nfU5, cfhsf dfG5]x¿nfO{ wd{, Gofo / g}ltstf eGg] s'g r/fsf] gfd xf] yfxf 5}g, logLx¿nfO{ lxhf]sf] ;Demgf 5}g, ef]lnsf] lrGtf 5}g, c¿sf] dtna 5}g clg k/lxt, k/f]ksf/, bfgwd{ / ;Tojrg ;+;f/af6 nf]k eO/x]sf] 5 . o:tf s'/f nfu]kl5 a"9fa"9LnfO{ 3f]/ slnsfn cfof], / ;dfh g}lts ktgsf] ulx/f] vf8ndf hflsFb} 5 eGg] nfU5 .

o'jf k':tfdf ;Ns]sf] klZrdf ;+:s[lt, pkef]StfjfbL ;f]r / cltJolStjflbtfsf] 89]nf]n] a"9fa"9LnfO{ cem PSnf] kf/]/ hnfO/x]sf] 5 . logLx¿nfO{ rf}af6fdf nu]/ cnkq 5f8]sf] 5 . ;f+:s[lts, cfly{s, wfld{s, g}lts /fhg}lts tby{jfb / aaf{bL al9/x]sf] / o;}sf sf/0f ;dfh lj36gsf] ;F3f/df k'u]sf] b]V5g\ sltko a"9fa"9Ln] .

!!= wfld{s ;ª\s6

lxhf]sf dflg;sf] hLjg wd{åf/f lgb{]lzt x'GYof] . laxfgb]lv a]n'sf;Dd ug]{ x/]s sfd wd{lgb{]lzt cfrf/ / Jojxf/df cfwfl/t eP/ ul/Gy] . Gof;–Wofg, g'xfO–w'jfO, k"hf–kf7, lnkkf]t–a9f/s'F8f/sf] p;a]nf hLjgdf 7"nf] dxŒj lyof] . tL cfrf/–Jojxf/a]u/sf] hLjg klg sNkgf ul/Fb}gYof] . wd{ dflg;sf] k|f0f lyof] .

a"9fa"9Lsf] gh/df cfh wd{ km';{tsf] ;do latfpg] d]nf] ePsf] 5 . cfh wd{ cf8Da/, k|bz{g / 7uLsf] ljifo ePsf] 5 . k"hfcfhf, k'/f0fsyf, lax]j|taGw klg h'g cf:yf / ljZjf;sf ;fy ul/GYof] p;a]nf, cfh To:tf] /x]g . oL kmut cf8Da/, k|bz{g, ;:tf] dgf]/~hg / xfxfx'x'sf ljifo b]V5g\ a"9fa"9Ln] . s[i0f, /fd, lji0f', lzj, kfj{tL, nIdL, /fwf, ?lSd0fL, 5fof, ;GWofh:tf b]jb]jLsf] :d/0f eO/xf];\ eg]/ dflg;x¿ ;f]xLcg';f/ ;Gtfgsf gfd /fVy], tf ls ltgLx¿nfO{ af]nfpFbf klg O{Zj/sf] gfd lng ;lsO/xf];\ . t/ cfh cy{ g ay{sf gfd cfPsf 5g\ . of] b]v]/ a"9fa"9Lsf] dg s6Ss sfl6G5, cfkm\g} gflt–gfltgfsf gfd klg pgLx¿ ;Demg rfxFb}gg\, ;Demg} ;St}gg\ .

gofFgofF dlGb/ ag]sf 5g\, gofFgofF tLy{:yn ag]sf 5g\ t/ dflg;sf] tLyf{6g, j|t–pkf;gf, k'/f0f, wfld{stf, bfgk'0o cflb qmdzM b]vfj6L, cf8Da/, zfg;f}st / ;fdflhs k|lti7fsf] ljifo aGb} uPsf] b]V5g\ a"9fa"9Ln] . sxfF uof] Tof] ;Rrf O{Zj/elSt < sxfF uP tL ljZjf; < k'/f0f eGg] kl08tx¿ 9fF6 / 7u ePsf] ;'Gg'k5{, wd{u'?x¿ Jolerf/L ePsf] ;'Gg'k5{ . gofFgofF r6sL ;Dk|bfo lg:s]sf 5g\ . sltko 5/l5d]sL / cfkmGthgn] wd{kl/jt{g u/]sf b]Vg'k5{ . o;af6 a"9fa"9Lsf] dg cem eTsG5 . ca ;+;f/ 3f]/ slno'udf k:t} b]V5g\ pgLx¿ . ;+;f/ ;j{gfz, Wj:t / dxfk|no x'g'cl3 h] x'g'kg{] xf] ToxL eO/x]sf] b]V5g\ pgLx¿ .

!@= dgf]/~hg;DaGwL cfjZostfsf ;d:of

a"9fa"9L;Fu 3/df cToGt w]/} km';{tsf] ;do x'G5 . pgLx¿nfO{ ;do ;'vb 9ª\udf JotLt ug{ ;xL dgf]/~hgsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . o;sf nflu gfrufg, l;g]df, df]afOn kmf]g, k':ts, ofqf, gf6s cflbsf] k|aGw rflxG5 . 3/df a"9fa"9Lsf nflu 5'6\6} /]l8of], l6eL, Nofk6k, :df6{ df]afOn kmf]gsf] k|aGw ug{ ;lsof] eg]] pgLx¿sf] PsfGt ;do clns ;'vb / ;xh aG5 . o'6Ø'a cflbdf wfld{s k|jrg, k'/f0f cflb x]g{–;'Gg kfPdf clg pgLx¿sf] ?lrsf ljifodf cWoog ug{ kfPdf pgLx¿ cfglGbt aGb5g\ .

pgLx¿sf dgf]/~hgsf tl/sf / :yfgx¿ dfl;Fb} hfg', kl/jlt{t x'Fb} hfg' jf x]/rfx ug{]n] tL s'/fdfly Wofg glbg' ugf{n] a"9fa"9L la:tf/} dgf]/f]uL aGb} hfG5g\ / ;fgfltgf s'/fdf l/;fpg] / emsf{]kmsf{] ug{], b'MvL x'g], PSn} al;lbg] jf xflgsf/s sfds'/fdf ;do u'hfg{] ug{ yfNb5g\ .

!#= bfgbftJo / sf];]nL–pkxf/;DaGwL ;d:of

wd{sd{df dg lbg] Ho]i7 gful/sx¿sf nflu d7dlGb/, ehgsLt{g, k'/f0f, k/Dk/fut afng, ;FlugL jf hftLo wfld{s ultljlw rflxG5 . o:tf cfjZostf k"/f ug{] :yfgx¿ ;j{q pknAw x'G5g\ . ;Gtfgn] a"9fa"9Lsf oL cfjZostfnfO{ gh/cGbfh ul/lbP eg] pgLx¿nfO{ hLjg g} a]sf/sf] nfUg yfN5 . hLjge/ sdfPsf] ;DklQ s]sf nflu eGg] k|Zgn] pgLx¿nfO{ lk/f]N5 . pgLx¿ cfkm"n] sdfPsf] s]xL wg bfgbftJo / sf];]nL–pkxf/df vr{ ug{ rfxG5g\ . w]/}h;f] cj:yfdf ;Gtfgn] pgLx¿nfO{ o; s'/fdf aGb]h ug{] jf cfn6fn ug{] u/]sf x'G5g\ .

!$= e|d0f, cWoog, ;fyL–cfkmGt;Fu e]63f6;DaGwL ;d:of M

hLjge/ k];f–Joj;fosf sf/0f afFlwg'k/]sfn] pgLx¿n] w]/} /x/, OR5f / sfdgfx¿ u'D:ofP/ /fv]sf x'g ;S5g\ . Ho]i7 gful/s ePkl5 km';{t ldNg] x'gfn] ljleGg P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s, k|fs[lts, h}ljs k'/ftflŒjs, ;f+:s[lts, ef}uf]lns, ;x/L cflb :ynx¿sf] e|d0f u/fpg'k5{ . cfkmGtx¿;Fusf] e]63f6, ;fyLefOx¿;Fu 3'dlkm/ / e]63f6sf] cfof]hgf ul/lbP/ ;s];Dd pgLx¿sf] k|To]s lbg ;'vb / ;xh agfOlbg'k5{ . 3/df dgfOg] rf8kj{, hGdf]T;j, ljjfx jflif{sf]T;j, k"hfkf7 cflbdf a"9fa"9LnfO{ kof{Kt :yfg lbg'k5{ .

Ho]i7 gful/sn] ;dosf] ;'vb k|of]u ug{sf nflu 3/}df l6eL x]g{ jf /]l8of] ;'Gg ;S5g\, k"hfkf7 / zf:qx¿sf] k7gdf Jo:t aGg ;S5g\ . o;}u/L dlGb/ hfg], k'/fg cflb pT;jdf ;xefuL x'g], /ldtf, d]nf, lax]a6'nf], j|taGw, dl/d/fpdf k'Ug] cflb u/]/ klg ;do latfpg ;S5g\ . kfs{, Ho]i7 gful/s ejg, ;xsf/L ;+:yf, gu/kflnsf, xl6of, :yfgLo lrofk;n, tf; v]Ng] c8\8f, v]tLkftL, km"naf/L cflbdf klg cndn ug{ ;lsG5 . s's'/ kfNg], uf};]jf, s5'jf, v/fof], xfF;–s'v'/f, cSjfl/oddf df5fkfngh:tf sfddf klg cfkm"nfO{ Jo:t /fv]sf] /fd|f] . o;}u/L ;flxTo, snf, uLt g[To, v]ns'bdf ;xefuL x'g ;lsof] eg] cem kmnbfoL aGg] x'G5 . df}sfcg';f/, df};dcg';f/ cfkm"nfO{ gofFgofF ljifo / If]qdf ;xefuL aGg ;lsof] eg] a'9Øf}nL ;do /fd|/L laT5 .

o:tf s'/fdf 5f]/f5f]/L jf :ofxf/stf{n] pko'St ;do / cj;/df pko'St pkfo ul/lbg] xf] eg] a'9Øf}nL pd]/ ;Gt'i6 aG5 . sltko cj:yfdf ;Gtfg jf x]/fn'n] oL cfjZostfnfO{ a]dtna ul/lbG5g\ . o;f] ePdf a"9fa"9L qmdzM dfgl;s ¿kdf :vlnt aGb} hfG5g\ .

!%= a"9fa"9Lsf cGo ljljw ;d:ofx¿

;fydf k};f eP/ klg pgLx¿ lsgd]n ug{ hfGb}gg\, ;St}gg\ . cfkm"nfO{ o:tf] ;fdfg jf ;fwg eP ;lhnf] x'GYof] eGg] klg yfxf 5}g . yfxf eP klg lslglbg] dfG5] eOlbFb}g . sf]xL dbbuf/ aG5' eGb} cfP/ 7lulbG5 . s;}nfO{ cfkm"l;t ePsf] s]xL ?lkofF k};f bfgbftJo, pkxf/ lbg] dg x'G5, t/ To;f] ug{ ;fdYo{ k'Ub}g . la;{g] afgLn] s]xLa]/cl3 /fv]sf] ;fdfg e]l6Fb}g, v;]sf] x/fPsf] yfxf x'Fb}g, rf]/L xf]nf ls eg]/ /ftf]lbg lrGtf x'G5 .

slt;Fu k'Ubf] n'ufkmf6f] x'Fb}g, l;/s 8;gf, sDan x'Fb}g . ePsf] klg ;/;kmfO x'Fb}g .

slt a"9fa"9L w]/} klxn]b]lv g} b'Jo{;gsf l;sf/ ePsf x'G5g\ . ;'tL{, v}gL, ufFhf, /S;L, hfF8, lao/ gvfO{ g;Sg] x'G5g\ . logsf c;/n] :jf:Yodf v/faL NofO/x]sf] x'G5 . tf;–h'jfh:tf b'Jo{;gsf sf/0f cfly{s tafxL / rfl/lqs ljrngn] kLl8t x'G5g\ . o:tf b'Jo{;gnfO{ b'?kof]u u/]/ pgLx¿dfly lx+;f, zf]if0f / 7uL ug{ ;lhnf] k5{ .

sf]xL O{iof{ / k|lt:kwf{sf] /f]un] kLl8t x'G5g\ . c¿sf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] s]–s] ul/;s], sxfF–sxfF k'lu;s], xfd|f] rflxF 3/}df 5 eGg] pgLx¿nfO{ nfU5 . sltnfO{ ;Gtfgaf6 cfkm\gf lkt[sf] ;Ddfg, s'nwd{ / ;+:sf/ ;docg';f/ kfng eO/x]sf] 5}g eGg] klg kL8f x'G5 .

ætkfO{FnfO{ c¿ 5f]/f5f]/Ln] klg kfn] x'G5 lg, dnfO{ dfq s]sf] s/ < s'g s'a'l4n] :jLsf/ ul/P5 eg] Û d t eGb} lyPF lg o:t} lbg cfpF5g\ eg]/, klt jf kTgLn] dfg]gg\ p;a]nf ÛÆ sltko ;Gtltn] eG5g\ . o:tf] ckdfgk"0f{ Jojxf/n] a"9fa"9LnfO{ cem a9L ;d:of x'G5 . a"9Lx¿ afnaRrf :ofxf/ ug{], ;fu;AhL agfpg], 3/ ;/;kmfOdf sfd nfUg] u5{g\ t/ w]/}h;f] a"9fx¿ 3/]n' sfddf ;3fpg hfGb}gg\ jf Tof] sfd cfkm\gf] xf] eG7fGb}gg\ . o;f] ePkl5 ;Gtfgsf] gh/df a"9fx¿ a]uf/L / cgfjZos ef/L b]lvG5g\ . s;}nfO{ rflxF cg]s sf/0fn] 3/df ;Gtlt;Fu a:g g} dg nfUb}g, t/ ljsNk x'Fb}g .

 

3= a'9Øf}nLdf nfUg;Sg] k|d'v /f]ux¿

a'9Øf}nL z/L/ /f]ux¿sf] 3/ xf] . pd]/ a9];Fu} gofFgofF /f]un] xfdLnfO{ cfqmd0f u5{g\ . sltko /f]ux¿sf] pkrf/ ;Dej 5, t/ sltko g;g{] /f]ux¿n] PskN6 cfqmd0f u/]kl5 xfdLnfO{ cfhLjg b'Mv lbO/xG5g\ . a"9fa"9Lsf :ofxf/stf{n] oL /f]usf] af/]df cem a9L cWoog ug'{ h?/L 5 . oL /f]u nfu]sf a"9fa"9Lsf] ;]jf s;/L ug{], la/fdLsf] kL8f s;/L sd u/fpg] cflb af/]df cWoog ug{ ;lsof] eg] ltgsf] hLjgnfO{ w]/} xb;Dd kL8faf6 /fxt lbg ;lsG5 . pgLx¿n] vfg] cf}iflw / kfpg] pkrf/sf] af/]df klg yk cWoog ug'{ pkof]uL 5 . a'9Øf}nL cWoog cyf{t\ h]/G6f]nf]hLsf k':tsx¿ OG6/g]6df lgMz'Ns pknAw x'G5g\ . oL /f]uLx¿sf] ;]jf s;/L ug'{ pQd x'G5 eGg] af/]df o'6Ø'a cflbdf cg]s lel8of] x]g{ kfOG5g\ .

a"9fa"9LnfO{ cfhLjg b'Mv lbg] d'Vo hl6n /f]ux¿sf] ;"rL o;k|sf/ 5 M

!= dw'd]x

KoflGqmofh gfdsf] u|lGyn] OG;'lng pTkfbg ub{5 . olb s'g} sf/0fjz KoflGqmofhn] cfkm\gf] sfd 7Ls;Fu ug{ ;s]g eg] dw'd]x /f]u nfUb5 . b'3{6gfdf k/]/ jf cf}iflwsf sf/0f slxn]sfxLF o; cª\udf ;d:of x'G5 / 8fOlal6h b]lvG5 . t/ d"n ¿kdf ablnFbf] hLjgz}nLsf sf/0f w]/}nfO{ dw'd]x cyf{t\ 8fOlal6h x'g yfn]sf] 5 . klxn] Psbd sd dflg;nfO{ nfUg] of] /f]u clxn] 3/3/df k;]sf] 5 . Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ;ª\Vof a9\g', pd]/ a9\g', vfgkfgdf c;Gt'ng, zf/Ll/s JofofdnfO{ dxTTj glbg] lgliqmo hLjgz}nL, dfgl;s tgfj, lgb|f nfdf] ;do;Dd layf]lng] cflbn] 6fOk–@ 8fOlal6hsf] ;d:of x\jfQ} a9]sf] 5 .

lrgLsf] /f]u a9\b} uof] eg] o;n] d[uf}nf, cfFvf, d'6' cflb cª\unfO{ xflg k'/ØfpF5 . lrgL/f]uLsf] /f]uIfdtf zlSt sdhf]/ x'G5 / ;xh} ;?jf /f]ux¿ nfU5g\ . lrgL/f]uLnfO{ ladf/L ePdf ck/];g cflb ug{ sl7g k5{ . ctM /utdf lrgLsf] dfqf vfgkfg, s;/t, cf}iflw / OG;'lngåf/f lgoGq0fdf /fVg'k5{ . :ofxf/stf{n] lrgL/f]uLnfO{ vfgkfg, ;/;kmfO, x]/rfx, s;/t, d]l8sn s]o/ cflbdf ljz]if ;ts{ /xg'kg{] x'G5 .

@= pRr /Strfk

pRr /Strfk xfd|f] csf{] ;femf /f]u ag]sf] 5 . g]kfndf of] /f]u jgsf] 89]nf]em}F km}lnO/x]sf] 5 . 3/3/df eofjx tl/sfn] of] 3':t} 5 . ;fdfGo nfkaf{xL x'g k'Uof] eg] klg o; /f]un] kIff3ft, dl:tis;|fj u/fpg] jf Hofg;d]t lnOlbG5 . cfw'lgs hLjgz}nL, lgb|f / cfxf/ljxf/df u8a8L, zf/Ll/s kl/>d jf s;/tsf] sdL, k];fut tgfj, kfl/jfl/s snx, k];fJoj;fodf cfPsf cg]s ;d:ofsf sf/0f w]/} dflg;x¿ o; /f]uaf6 kLl8t 5g\ . ;fdfGotof k/Dk/fut s[lifk|0ffnLdf /dfpg], sd lrGtf lng], hLjgsf jf:tljstfx¿nfO{ :jLsf/ ug{], cfgGb / dgf]/~hgsf nflu klg ;do 5'6Øfpg] u/]df of] /f]u sd vt/fk"0f{ x'g]5 . pRr /Strfk;Fu} lrgL/f]u, o'l/s Pl;8, sf]n]:6]/f]n cflb ;d:of ePdf kL8f 7"nf] x'G5 . :ofxf/stf{n] /Strfksf /f]uLnfO{ w}o{k"0f{ Jojxf/ u/]/ pgLx¿sf] vfgkfgb]lv x/]s s'/fdf Wofg lbFb} ;]jf–z'>"iff ug'{k5{ .

#= cN;fOd;{ / l8d]lG;of /f]u

l8d]lG;ofsf] ;a}eGbf d'Vo sf/0f cN;fOd;{ /f]u xf] . dl:tissf sf]ifx¿ dg{ / v'Drg yfN5g\ . pd]/ a9];Fu} dflg; cfkm"n] tfhf 36gf / kl/l:ylt a'em\g 5f8\5, ;Demg 5f8\5 . qmdzM p;n] hfg]sf, ;'g]sf / ef]u]sf k'/fgf s'/f;d]t la;{g yfN5 . pd]/ a'l9Fb} hfFbf nfUg] o; /f]usf sf/0f ljZjdf nueu ;f9] kfFr s/f]8 dflg; kLl8t 5g\ . cd]l/sfdf dfq} klg nueu ;Q/L nfv /f]uL ePsf] s'/f cWoogn] eGb5 .

/f]u nfUg yfn]sf] ;'?;'?df /f]uLn] ev{/} 36]sf 36gf / s'/fsfgL e'Ng yfN5g\ . qmdzM pgLx¿ yk s'/f e'Ng yfN5g\ . /f]u l5lKkFb} uPkl5 JolSt, :yfg / kl/j]z g} yfxf kfpg 5f8\5g\ . pgLx¿sf Jojxf/ / efiff klg ;Lldt x'Fb} hfG5g\ . lbg/ftsf] 1fg, vfP–gvfPsf] x]Ssf cflb klg x'g 5f8\5 . o; /f]usf la/fdLx¿sf] :ofxf/ Psbd hl6n sfo{ xf] .

b}lgs hLjgdf :d/0f, af]w, ljZn]if0f cflb c;fdfGo ¿kn] 36\g] /f]u xf] l8d]lG;of . vfglkg, ;/;kmfO / ;'/Iff cflbsf nflu o;sf /f]uLx¿n] k"0f{¿kn] k/lge{/ aGg'kg{] x'G5 . l8d]lG;ofsf la/fdLn] cfkm" sf] xf], sxfF 5', s:tf] cj:yfdf 5', oL d]/f j/k/sf dflg; sf] x'g\, s] u5{g\ logLx¿, s] eG5g\, s]xL a'lem/x]sf x'Fb}gg\ . of] ;a pgLx¿sf] ljj]saflx/sf] s'/f x'G5 . cN;fOd;{sf ;Q/L k|ltzt hlt la/fdLnfO{ of] /f]u nfu]sf] x'G5 .

;'?;'?df ;fwf/0f s'/fx¿ la;{g], ;w}F ul/cfPsf sfd 7Ls;Fu ug{ g;Sg], b}lgs ;/;kmfOdf hyfefjL ug{ yfNg] x'G5 . of] /f]u k|ltlbg a9\b} hfG5 . o;sf] s'g} pkrf/ 5}g . o:tf la/fdLsf] ;]jf / ;'/Iff cToGt sl7g x'G5 .

$= d'6'/f]u

d'6' / /StgnLx¿df cfpg] v/faLsf sf/0f pTkGg ;d:ofnfO{ d'6'/f]u elgG5 . lrgL/f]uL / /Strfksf /f]uLn] d'6'sf] /Iffsf nflu ljz]if ;fjwfg x'g'k5{ . d'6'/f]u gnfuf];\ eGgfvflt/ vfgkfg / Jofofddf Wofg lbg'k5{ . Hofbf dBkfg, ;'tL{, /ftf] df;'sf] Hofbf pkef]u cflbn] d'6'nfO{ gf]S;fg u5{g\ . d'6'sf eNex¿df ;d:of, d'6'df af];f] hDg], /Strfk, afy/f]u cflbn] qmdzM d'6'nfO{ v/fa u5{g\ . 5ftL b'Vg], ysfg x'g], lg;fl:;g] / a]xf]; x'g] x'G5 . tTsfn k|fylds pkrf/ k'u]g eg] /f]uL dl/xfN5 .

d'6'sf] ;d:ofdf cg]svfn] cf}iflw / lr/kmf/ pknAw 5g\ . s[lqd k];d]s/ /fVg];d]t ul/G5 . d'6'/f]uLn] l;F9L r9\g, tgfjdf /xg / vfgkfgdf c;fjwfg /xg vt/f x'G5 .

%= afy/f]u

hf]gL{ b'Vg], ;'lGgg] cflb eP/ lxF88'n tyf ;fwf/0f sfd ug{ klg sl7g kg{] /f]unfO{ afy/f]u jf cfy{/fOl6; elgG5 . of] /f]u nfu]kl5 hf]gL{x¿ /ftf] x'g], b'Vg], ;'lGgg] / grNg] x'G5 . ljZjdf s/f]8f}F JolSt o; /f]un] kLl8t 5g\ . of] /f]u nfUof] eg] kof{Kt cf/fd, zf/Ll/s s;/t, lr;f]af6 aRg] cflb ul/G5 . kL8f ePsf] hf]gL{df nufpg] cf}iflw klg pknAw 5g\ .

j+zu'0f, ;'tL{, cN5L / lgliqmo hLjgz}nLsf sf/0f of] /f]u nfU5 . cToGt s8f zf/Ll/s cEof; ug{] v]nf8L, ef/f]Qf]ns, a8LlaN8/, s7f]/ tflnd / cEof; ug{] ;}lgs cflbnfO{ tL sfd 5f8]kl5 hLjg lgliqmo xF'b} hfFbf o; /f]un] cfqmd0f u5{ .

o;af6 aRg k"j{;ts{tfsf] ¿kdf ;'tL{ k|of]u gug{], s7f]/ zf/Ll/s cEof; gug{], hf]gL{x¿nfO{ k6sk6s km':sg jf 6'6km'6 x'gaf6 hf]ufpg], vfgkfg / b}lgs Jofofd :j:y /fVg], nfdf] ;do;Dd w]/} tftf] jf lr;f]df g/xg] ug'{k5{ .

^= cl:6of]kf]/f]l;;

xfd|f] xf8df x'g'kg{] vlgh tŒj 36]/ 3gTj sd x'gfn] / xf8 v'lDrO{ ;fgf] x'gfn] cl:6of]kf]/f]l;; /f]u hGdG5 . o;f] eof] eg] xf8 sdhf]/ x'G5 / o;n] ef/ jxg ug{ ;Sg 5f8\5 . xf8 sdhf]/ ePkl5 ;lhn} efFlrg], 6'lqmg] / la¿k x'g] x'G5 . o;df dlxnfsf] ;ª\Vof a9L x'G5 . vf;u/L dlxnfsf] ue{wf/0f cj:yf, :tgkfg tyf dlxgfjf/L /f]lsg] a]nfdf xfd|f] vfgfdf kf]ifs tŒjsf] sdL x'g uof] eg] xf8x¿ la:tf/} vf]lqmg / sdhf]/ x'g k'U5g\ . xfdLn] ;dfhdf s'k|f]kgsf] ;d:of b]v]sf 5f}F .

o;sf] pkrf/sf nflu 8fS6/n] cf}iflw n]lvlbG5g\ . xf8sf] dha'tLsf nflu 3/df b"wbxL, df5fdf;', u]8fu'8L / kmnkm"n kof{Kt vfg' h?/L 5 . cl:6of]kf]/f]l;; ePsf a"9fa"9Lsf] z/L/ cl:y/ x'G5 . pgLx¿ ;lhn} n8\g] / xftuf]8f jf sDd/ efFlrg] x'g ;S5 . ctM o:tf a"9fa"9LnfO{ n8\gaf6 arfpg ljz]if ;ts{tf cfjZos x'G5 . lgldt ¿kdf yk SoflN;od, km:kmf]/;, kf]6f; cflb vlgh kbfy{ ePsf kmnkm"n, u]8fu'8L, b"wbxL / df5fdf;' h'6fOlbg'k5{ .

&= SofG;/

sf]ifx¿ clgolGqt ¿kdf a9\g' / j/k/ ;b{} uP/ 3fts aGg' SofG;/ x'g' xf] . of] cToGt kL8fbfoL /f]u xf] . o;n] cGTodf kL8f lbP/} la/fdLnfO{ df5{ . cfh;Dd SofG;/sf] :ki6 sf/0f / cr's pkrf/ kQf nfu]sf] 5}g . t/ klg ;'tL{;]jg, dBkfg, s8f 3fddf nfdf] ;do;Dd sfd ug'{, cnsqf / d6\l6t]nh:tf vlghsf] 5fnfdf ;Dks{ x'g', dlxgfaf/Ldf nfdf] ;do;Ddsf] u8a8, s'g} 3fp jiff{}F lgsf] gx'g' cflbnfO{ d'Vo sf/0f dflgFb} cfPsf] 5 .

SofG;/ ;oeGbf a9L lsl;dsf 5g\ . :tgdf, kmf]S;f]df, k|f]:6«]6df, cfGb|fdf, uef{zodf / An8df x'g] SofG;/x¿ d'Vo x'g\ . tLafx]s d'vdf, 5fnfdf, cfFvfdf klg w]/}nfO{ SofG;/ x'G5 .

a]n}df klxrfg / pkrf/ ug{ ;lsPg eg] JolStdf ysfg, cfn:o, clgb|f, ef]s gnfUg], kl;gf cfpg], clj>fGt b'vfO, tf}n 36\g] / 5fnfsf] /ªdf kl/jt{g x'g] x'g yfN5 . qmdzM o;sf nIf0fx¿sf] tLj|tf a9\b} hfG5 / cGTodf la/fdLsf] d[To' x'g k'U5 . t/ clxn] /f]usf] klxrfg / pkrf/k4ltdf 7"nf] qmflGt eO;s]sf] 5 . a]n}df 8fS6/sxfF k'Ug ;lsof] eg] w]/} SofG;/sf] pkrf/ g]kfnh:tf b]zdf klg ;Dej 5 .

SofG;/sf /f]uLsf] ;]jf–z'>"iff ug{] x]/fn'n] pgLx¿sf] ef]s, lgb|f / ysfgpk/ ljz]if Wofg lbg'k5{ . pgLx¿n] vfg'kg{] cf}iflw jf b'vfO sd ug{] cf}iflw ;do–;dodf v'jfO/xg ;hu /xg'k5{ .

oLafx]s lb;f–lk;fa;DaGwL ;d:of, cfFvf / sfgsf ;d:of, 3'F8f / xf8hf]gL{sf ;d:of, sn]hf] tyf cfGb|f;DaGwL /f]u, kTyl/of, k|f]:6«]6 ;'lGgg], yfO/fO8, o'l/s Pl;8 / sf]n]:6]/f]n a9\g], cj;fb -l8k|];g_ cflb cg]s ;d:of w]/} a"9fa"9Ldf b]lvG5g\ . a"9fa"9LnfO{ ;?jf / dxfdf/Ln] klg ;xh} cfqmd0f u5{g\ .

 

 

v08 tLg

s= g]kfndf a'9Øf}nL

;f7L jif{hlt cl3 g]kfnsf] ;/b/ cfo' rfnL; jif{eGbf sd lyof] . Tof] ;/b/ pd]/ a9]/ xfn &! jif{ gfl3;s]sf] 5 . g]kfndf a"9fa"9Lsf] hg;ª\Vof clxn] !) k|ltzt gf3]sf] 5 . cfheGbf c;L jif{cl3 g]kfndf a"9fa"9Lsf] ;ª\Vof 8]9 nfveGbf sd ePsf] cg'dfg ul/GYof], ha ls cfh b]zdf tL; nfveGbf a9L Ho]i7 gful/s 5g\ . o;/L x]bf{ Oltxf;df slxNo} gePsf] ;ª\Vofdf a"9fa"9L 5g\ .

;/b/ pd]/ a9]/ dfq xf]Og, kl/jf/ lgof]hg cflbn] ubf{ 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] ;ª\Vof Psbd 36\g', /f]huf/L, k];f–Joj;fosf sf/0f ;Gtfg :yfoL–c:yfoL ¿kn] b]zleq} a;fOF ;g'{, j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf nflu dWok"j{, dn]l;of, hfkfg jf o'/f]klt/ hfg', / cd]l/sf, c:6«]lnof, Sofg8f, o's]h:tf cg]s b]zdf pt} a;f]jf; ug{] dg;fon] hfgfn] s]6fs]6Lsf] cg'kftdf a"9fa"9Lsf] ;ª\Vof klxn]sf] t'ngfdf w]/} a9]sf] 5 .

w]/} 5f]/f5f]/Ln] kof{Kt ;do lbg kfpFb}gg\ . sltko ;Gtltn] k];f–Joj;fosf sf/0f 3/aflx/ /xg'k5{ . ltgLx¿ afa'cfdfsf ;fydf /xg kfpFb}gg\ . k];fdf a9\bf] ljljwtf / Jo:ttfn] pgLx¿nfO{ ufFh]sf] x'G5 . k];fleq k|lt:kwf{ Hofgdf/f x'G5, pgLx¿n] ;Dk"0f{ ;do cfkm\g} Joj;fo jf sl/c/nfO{ lbg'k5{ . 5f]/f / a'xf/Lsf] ;DaGw klxn] cfhh:tf] sdhf]/ x'Fb}gYof] . ;DklQ sfg'gsf] b'?kof]u a9\bf] 5 . ljjfx]t/ ;DaGw / 5f]8kqx¿ al9/x]sf 5g\ . 5f]/f–a'xf/Lsf] kl/jf/ eTs]df afa'cfdf cem cnkq x'g k'U5g\ .

o;/L emg\eGbf emg\ cltJolStjflbtf, kfl/jfl/s ljv08g, ;Gtfgsf] rfl/lqs :vng / a]/f]huf/L a9]sf] 5 . ;Gtfg jf cf>o lbg] clwsf/ / bfloTj af]s]sf] JolStn] dtna g/fVg' jf kl/Tofu ug'{, a"9fa"9Ln] st} cf>o gkfpg', ;/sf/n] Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ lbg] sd ;'ljwf, ;fgf]ltgf] k]G;g / eQfdf klg v/fa ;Gtfgsf cfFvf kg{] h:tf s'/fn] g]kfndf w]/}sf] a'9Øf}nL pd]/ si6s/ aGb} hfFbf] 5 .

a'9Øf}nL pd]/sf] ;dod} Joj:yfkg ca JolSt, kl/jf/, kflnsf / l;ª\u} /fHosf nflu cTofjZos alg;s]sf] s'/f dflysf] tYofª\sn] b]vfpF5 . /fHoaf6 ;'/lIft / ;Gtf]ifhgs a'9Øf}nLsf nflu cg]s sfg'g, cfly{s k|aGw, eQf, ;'ljwf / cj;/ lbOPsf] 5 . t/ a'9Øf}nLsf hl6n ;d:ofsf cufl8 Tof] xfQLsf] d'vdf lh/fh:t} ePsf] 5 . /fHo, ;/sf/, ;ª\3;+:yfx¿ / ;dfhsf] tkm{af6 ug'{kg{] / ug{ ;lsg] sfd cem} w]/} afFsL 5g\ .

;a}eGbf d'Vo s'/f, o;af/] 3/3/df hfu/0f, h]tgf / lzIff km}nfO{ ;'/lIft a'9Øf}nLsf] lbzfdf sfd ug'{ ckl/xfo{ eO;s]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu kflnsfx¿, ;+;b\, ;fdflhs ;ª\3–;+:yfx¿, Ho]i7 gful/s ;+:yfx¿ / JolStx¿ ;a} ldn]/ of]hgfa4 9ª\un] nfUg' h?/L 5 .

 

v= 5f]/f5f]/Laf6 s:tf] ;fy kfOG5 <

sltko efUodfgL a"9fa"9LnfO{ ;Gtfgn] ;a}yf]s lbPsf x'G5g\ . hLjgn] pknAw u/fPsf x/]s s'/f pgLx¿nfO{ v';L /fVg kof{Kt b]lvG5g\ . sltkosf ;Gtlt ljb]z ePsfn] cfkm}F ;]jf ug{ gkfpg] x'G5g\ t/ tL ?lkofF k};f k7fP/ clg lg/Gt/ ;Dks{ u/]/ cfkm\gf] bfloTj jxg ug{ sf]l;; u5{g\ . sltsf ;Gtfgn] ;a}yf]s lbP klg ;do lbg ;St}gg\ .

csf{lt/ o:tf klg ;Gtfg 5g\ h;n] afa'cfdf;Fu em}emu8f, d'2fdfldnf u5{g\ . ltgLx¿k|ltsf] bfloTjaf6 efU5g\, ltgnfO{ ckdfg ub{} kl/Tofu u5{g\ . sf]xL ;Gtfgsf] kfl/jfl/s ljv08g ePsf] 5, 5f]8kq cflb ;d:ofdf tL kmF;]sf 5g\ . s]xLsf ;Gtfg ckfª\u 5g\ jf tL afa'cfdfsf] ;]jfsf nflu c;dy{ 5g\, a? pN6} afa'cfdfn] ltgsf] ;]jf ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . a]/f]huf/x¿sf] csf{] ;d"x 5 hf] afa'cfdfsf] cfly{s ef/ alg/x]sf] 5 . sltrflxF unt ;+:sf/, unt vfgkfg / hfteftsf ;d:ofdf 5g\ . slt nfu'kbfy{sf b'Jo{;gL, /S;Lafh jf Jolerf/L 5g\ . s'g} ck/fwsd{ ugf{n] h]n k'u]sf 5g\ .

oL ;a cJoj:yfsf sf/0f afa'cfdfsf] hLjg yk si6s/ aG5 .

 

u= Ho]i7 gful/ssf ;d:ofx¿ s;n] xn ug{] <

;j{k|yd Ho]i7 gful/s cfkm}Fn] a]n}df ;'/IffTds pkfo ckgfpg'k5{ . cfkm\gf ;d:of xn ug{ cfkm}F kxn ug'{k5{ . pgLx¿sf] a'tfaflx/sf] kl/l:yltdf 5f]/f–5f]/L / a'xf/L–HjfOFn] ug'{kg{] x'G5 . t/ ltgLx¿ af–cfdfsf] ;]jf ug{ ljljw sf/0fjz c;dy{ 5g\ eg] gflt–gfltgf, elthf–elthL / cfkmGthgn] ug'{kg{] x'G5 . sxLFst} ;dfh–6f]n j8f jf kflnsfn] klg sltko ;d:of xn ul/lbg ;S5g\ .

a'9Øf}nL Ps JolSt jf ;d"xsf] dfq ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo xf]Og . of] l;ª\uf] ;dfh, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f / ;Eotfsf] ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo xf] . cfhsf] k|f}9 k':tf t'?Gt} a'9Øf}nLsf] dfu{df k:g]5 / o'jf k':tf klg s]xL ;dokl5 lglj{sNk ¿kdf o;} cj:yfdf k'Ug]5 . ctM cfhsf a"9fa"9Lsf] cj:yfn] ef]lnsf a"9fa"9L s'g cj:yfdf kg'{k5{ eGg] dfu{ lglZrt ub{5 . ef]ln cfkm"nfO{ ;Gtlt / ;dfhn] h:tf] k|aGw ul/lbpmg\, h:tf] Jojxf/ ul/lbpmg\ eGg] ck]Iff ug{] xf], ;f]cg';f/ cfh cfkm"n] cfkm\gf af–cfdf / Ho]i7 gful/sx¿nfO{ k|aGw / Jojxf/ ug'{kb{5 . xfd|f] Jojxf/ ;Gtltsf nflu ;a}eGbf 7"nf] lzIff / cfb]z xf] . kfnf] ;a}sf] cfpF5 .

 

3= ;'vb a'9Øf}nLsf nflu s]–s] sfd eO/x]sf 5g\ <

xfd|f] b]z ul/a 5 . /fhgLlts cl:y/tf b]zsf] /f]u xf] . ;/sf/ aGg' / 9Ng' /ftf]lbgsf ;dfrf/ ePsf 5g\ . o:tf] cl:y/ kl/j]zdf klg xfd|f] b]zdf Ho]i7 gful/ssf nflu s]xL sfd cjZo ePsf 5g\ .

!= k]G;g, eQf, 5'6 M ;/sf/n] ;}lgs, k|x/L, lghfdtL, lzIfs cflbnfO{ k]G;g lbOcfPsf] 5 . o;afx]s clxn] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff–sf]ifdf cfa4 lghL sDkgL, ;+:yfg, :yfoL k|s[ltsf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / a}ª\sx? klg k]G;gnufotsf ;'ljwf lbg] of]hgfdf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] ^* jif{ k'u]sf ;a}nfO{ Ho]i7 gful/s eQfsf] ;'ljwf lbPsf] 5 . uf8L ef8f 5'6, ko{6sLo ;'ljwfdf 5'6, Kn]g ef8f 5'6 cflbsf] k|aGw 5 . c:ktfnx?df Ho]i7 gful/ssf nflu ljz]if 5'6 / ;'ljwf ldN5 . s}of}F s8f /f]usf] lgMz'Ns pkrf/ x'g yfn]sf] 5 .

@= :yfgLo sfo{qmd M kflnsfx¿n] klg obfsbf Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ nlIft u/L dgf]/~hg, e|d0f, tLyf{6g / l;h{gzLn ultljlwsf] cfof]hgf ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . ;DalGwt JolStn] o;af/] rgfvf] /xg ;s]df tL ;'ljwf klg lng kfOG5 .

#= Ho]i7gful/s d}qL ejg, ;8s, ;jf/L ;fwg M ;/sf/L ejg / ;]jfx¿nfO{ Ho]i7 gful/sd}qL agfOFb} 5 . ;fj{hlgs :ynx?df nfOg nfu]/ ;'ljwf lng'kg{] :yfgdf a"9fa"9Lsf nflu cnUu} nfOg tf]lsg] u/]sf] 5 . xjfOhxfh / ;fj{hlgs a;x?df Ho]i7 gful/ssf nflu Go"gtd l;6 tf]lsPsf] x'G5 .

$= ;]jf sfo{qmd M w]/} wfld{s–;fdflhs ;+:yfx¿n] Ho]i7 gful/s ejg, j[4f>d, lj>fdfno, wd{zfnf, lbjf ;]jfs]Gb| cflb agfOlbPsf 5g\ . ;/sf/n] 3'DtL ;]jf, ;xhu|fdx¿sf] k|aGw ul//x]sf] 5 . Ho]i7 gful/sx¿sf nflu ;fd"lxs cfjf; of]hgfx¿ cfO/x]sf 5g\ . sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf s]xL k|fOe]6 sDkgLx¿n] z'Ns lnP/ Ho]i7 gful/sx¿sf] ;]jfsf nflu ;xh / ;Ddfghgs cfjf;x¿ vf]n]sf 5g\ .

%= kf7\oqmd, kf7\ok':ts tyf ;flxTo M sltko ljZjljBfnon] cfkm\gf] kf7Øqmddf a'9Øf}nL Joj:yfkg ljifodf kf7Øqmd lgdf{0f u/L k7gkf7g ;'? ul/;s]sf 5g\ . sIff P3f/–afx|df ;d]t o; ljifonfO{ P]lR5s ljifosf] ¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnd} /x]/ klg h]/G6f]nhL cyf{t\ h/fzf:q ljifodf ljZjsf gfd rn]sf ljZjljBfnoaf6 cgnfOg Snf; lng kfOG5 . s}of}F ;dfhzf:qL, h/fzf:qL, h/f–lrlsT;s / cleoGtfn] a'9\of}nL Joj:yfkgsf cg]s kIfdfly ultnf k':ts n]vL k|sflzt u/]sf 5g\, cg]s cleofg rnfPsf 5g\ . Ho]i7 gful/s–s]lGb|t o:tf ;flxTon] a'9\of}nLaf/] a'em\g, cg'ej / 1fg ;f6f;f6 ug{ clg hLjgnfO{ ;xh agfpg 7"nf] d2t k'U5 .

^= cWoog cg';Gwfg, cled'vLs/0f M dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf Ho]i7 gful/s dGqfnocGtu{t cg]s cWoog, cg';Gwfg / cled'vLs/0fsf sfd eO/x]sf 5g\ . c:ktfnx?df h]l/ofl6«s ljefu tyf Ho]i7 gful/s ljz]if1 8fS6/ x'g yfn]sf 5g\ .

oL ;a} s'/fn] ef]lnsf Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ;]jfdf kSs} ;'wf/ cfpg]5 eGg ;lsG5 .

 

ª= a'9Øf}nL pd]/sf] Joj:yfkgdf ca s]–s] ug'{knf{ <

d b]zsf] ah]6nfO{ sd} k|efljt ug{] / gLltut ;'wf/af6} klg a"9fa"9Lsf] enfOdf w]/}yf]s ug{ ;lsg] b]V5' . h:tf]– b]zn] Ho]i7 gful/ssf] xslxtsf] /Iffy{ P]g–lgodx¿df cfjZos kl/dfh{g / ;'wf/ ug'{k5{ . vf;u/L xfdLsxfF ;DklQ sfg'g Ho]i7 gful/ssf] lxtdf 5}g, To;df tTsfn ;'wf/ x'g'k5{ . o;sf nflu Ho]i7 gful/s lj1, h/fzf:qL, ;dfhzf:qL tyf Ho]i7 gful/s;Da4 ;+:yfx¿ / sfg'gljb\;lxtsf] ;fgf] l;kmfl/; 6f]nL agfpg'k5{ .

c7f/ jif{ k'u]kl5 af–cfdfn] 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ kfNg'kg{] jf cfly{s ;xof]u ug'{kg{] sfg'gL k|aGw aGb ug'{k5{ . o:tf] ;fdflhs k|rngnfO{ klg lg?T;flxt ug'{k5{ . lgoldt kf; ub{} uPsf pRr lzIff cWoog/t ljBfyL{nfO{ afx]s c¿ pd]/ k'u]sf ;anfª\u 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ cfkm";Fu /fv]/ ljgfsfd kfNg] / vr{ lbg] afa'cfdfnfO{ w]/} s/ lt/fpg ;lsG5 . Ps ljifodf :gfts ul/;s]kl5 pgLx¿sf] k9fOdf z'Nsafx]s cGo s'/fdf afa'cfdfsf] cfly{s ;xof]u aGb ug'{k5{ . o'jfx¿sf] a}ª\s vftf / ;fgfltgf vr{df ;d]t /fHon] ltvf] gh/ /fVg'k5{ .

ljZjljBfnodf b}lgs xflh/ x'Fb} u/]sf ljBfyL{afx]s c7f/ jif{dflysf o'jf, h;sf] kl/eflift sfd 5}g, cfDbfgLsf] b]vfpg ;lsg] lgoldt ;|f]t 5}g To;sf] Jojxf/ ;lGbUw eg]/ 3f]if0ff ug'{k5{, To:tfnfO{ /fhgLlt, lghfdtL, k|x/L, ;]gf, lzIf0f cflb sfddf k|lt:kwf{sf nflu cof]Uo 3f]lift ug'{k5{, 7]Ssfk6\6f / Jofkf/–Joj;fodf nfO;]G; lbOg'x'Fb}g . olt x'gf;fy b]zdf >dzlSt cefjsf] cGTo x'G5 . o'jfx¿ l;Gsf];Dd gefFrL ‘afa'sf] nh / cfdfsf] xf]6ndf lkm/Ldf’ vfg–a:g kfpGh]n slxNo} v]taf/Ldf, snsf/vfgfdf k:g]jfnf 5}gg\, xf]6n /]:6'/fFdf sfdbf/ kfOg]5}g . afa'cfdfsf] k};fdf o'jf afFRg] ePsfn] b]zsf] v]t afFlemFb} uPsf] 5 t/ o'jfx¿ a]/f]huf/ b]lvFb} 5g\\ . logLx¿df pBdzLntf / >dk|lt ;Ddfg 36\tf] t/ /S;L–r'/f]6 clg nfu'kbfy{sf] b'Jo{;g a9\bf] 5 . cfh o'jfju{df a9\bf] c/fhs, x'Nofxf / u}/lhDd]jf/ Jojxf/ clg xfxfx'x' u/]/ lxF8\g] k|j[lQdf k"0f{lj/fd nufpg] pkfox¿sf] vf]hL ug'{ l9nf] x'Fb} uPsf] 5 .

/fHon] Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ lbg ;Sg] ;'ljwfx¿sf] af/]df k|To]s ;/f]sf/jfnf;dIf ;"rgf k'¥ofpg] k|aGw ug'{k5{ . :yfgLo kflnsfx¿ / Ho]i7 gful/s–;Da4 ;+:yfx¿n] rflxF lgDglnlvt a'Fbfdf sfd ug{ ;s] a'9Øf}nL Joj:yfkgdf xfdL w]/} cufl8 k'Ug] lyof}F M

!= Jo:t /fVg] M ;lqmo Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ pgLx¿sf] cg'ej, ;Lk / Ifdtfcg';f/ ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfdf ;Nnfxsf/ cflb lhDdf lbP/ Jo:t /fVg], ;Ddflgt /fVg] ug'{k5{ .

@= ko{6g / tLy{ ofqf M pgLx¿nfO{ ;fd"lxs ko{6g / tLyf{6g u/fpg'k5{ . o;af6 PSnf]kg dx;'; x'g kfpFb}g . kflnsfn] ko{6g ufO8sf] Joj:yf u/]df o:tf] ofqf ;'/lIft, ;fy{s, dgf]/~hs / ;xh agfpg d2t k'U5 . ;xefuLx¿nfO{ lglZrt k|ltzt vr{ Aoxf]/fpg] xf] eg] ofqfdf k6Ss} ?lr gePsfx¿ ;xefuL eO/xFb}gg\ .

#= tflnd, k'/:sf/, ;Ddfg M afa'cfdf :ofxfg{] c;n 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ kflnsfaf6 tflnd, k|f]T;fxg, k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg lbg] k/Dk/f a;fpg'k5{ . To:tf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ s/df 5'6 lbg ;lsG5 . ltgsf] c;n Jojxf/nfO{ cfbz{ / pbfx/0f dfgL clen]vLs/0f ug'{k5{ . t/ o;f] ubf{ lgikIf x'g ;lsPg eg] Tof] k|To'Tkfbs x'G5 / Ho]i7 gful/slj?4 x'G5 .

$= ;]js Joj:yfkg M :yfgLo kflnsfx¿n] a'9Øf}nL ;]jf tflnd–s]Gb|x¿df lglZrt ;ª\Vofdf tLg–dlxg], 5–dlxg] h:tf 5f]6f cjlwsf] tflnd lng]sf nflu 5fqj[lQsf] ¿kdf z'Ns ltl/lbg] / OG6g{sf] ¿kdf a"9fa"9Lsf] ;]jfdf cTofjZos 3/ 5fg]/ k7fpg] xf] eg] Psflt/ uDeL/ ;d:ofdf k/]sf a"9fa"9Ln] lgMz'Ns :ofxf/ kfpg] / csf{lt/ b]zleq jf aflx/ /f]huf/Lsf] vf]hLdf hfg]x¿sf nflu tflnd tyf cg'ejsf] cj;/ k|fKt x'g]5 . logLx¿sf] tflnd / cg'ejnfO{ ;L6LO{eL6L jf gu/kflnsfn] k|dfl0ft ul/lbg'k5{ .

%= lx+;f, 7uL / b'Jo{jxf/af6 /Iff M 3/]n' sfdbf/sf] JolStut ljj/0f, ;'/Iff cflb s'/fdf kflnsfåf/f rf;f], lgodg cflb ug'{k5{ . ltgnfO{ nfO;]G;, kl/rokq cflb lbg'k5{ . kflnsfåf/f ltgLx¿sf] 5gf]6, ;]jf–;'ljwfsf ;t{ cflb tf]lslbP/ ltgnfO{ sfdk|lt akmfbf/ agfO{ sfg'gåf/f a"9fa"9Lsf] ;+/If0f lbnfpg'k5{ . ;]jsx¿af6 a"9fa"9Ldfly x'g ;Sg] lx+;f, b'Jo{jxf/, em'Sofg, 7uL, rf]/L cflbaf6 ;'/Iff / Ho]i7 gful/ssf] tkm{af6 ax;–k}/jL ul/lbg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'k5{ .

^= 3/df ;]jf M ljb]zdf /x]/ cfkm\gf] pGglt ul//x]sf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] g]kfndf afa'cfdfsf] kfngkf]if0fsf nflu vr{ ug{ ;xh} tof/ x'G5g\ . kflnsfx¿n] tflndk|fKt ;]js–;]ljsfdfkm{t JolSts} 3/ of To:t} cf/fdbfoL 3/df :ofxf/;';f/sf] k|aGw ul/lbg] xf] eg] afa'cfdf;Fu a:g gkfpg] 5f]/f5f]/Ln] klg cfkm"n] st{Jo kfngf ug{ gkfPsf] kl5tf] kfNg'kb{}g .

&= pkrf/ M Ho]i7 gful/ssf cg]s :jf:Yo ;d:of x'G5g\ . tLdWo] klg w]/}nfO{ ;'u/, k|];/ cflbsf] ;d:of x'G5 . bfFt, sfg / cfFvf;DaGwL ;d:of klg w]/}nfO{ x'G5 . kflnsfn] tL /f]ux¿sf] lgoldt hfFr / 8fS6/L ;]jf / cf}iflw pknAw u/fpg] k|aGw ug{] xf] eg] a'9Øf}nL pd]/ ;xh x'G5 .

*= clen]vLs/0fM kflnsfx¿sf] tkm{af6 a"9fa"9L ePsf 3/–3/df lgoldt ¿kdf a"9fa"9Lsf] If]qdf sfo{/t PghLcf] cflbsf] e|d0fsf] k|aGw ldnfpg], cfkmGtx¿;Fusf] e]63f6nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{], ;'vb tyf b'Mvb syfsf] clen]vLs/0f, hLjgLn]vg, k|sfzg cflb ul/lbg] xf] eg] a'9Øf}nL hLjg s]xL g s]xL ;xh / ;fy{s aGb5 .

(= j[4eQf M kflnsfx¿n] j[4eQfnfO{ ;s];Dd ;xh} k|fKt ug{] jftfj/0f ldnfOlbP/ clg rf}tf/f, pBfg, ;fd'bflos ejg, vfhf cflbsf] k|aGw ul/lbP/ klg a'9Øf}nL lhGbuL ;/n agfpg ;3fpg ;S5g\ .

!)= Jofofd, of]u M pd]/cg';f/sf v]ns'b, Jofofd, of]u, g[To, ufog, xflh/L hafkm cflb sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ug{] ;+:yfnfO{ ;xfotf pknAw u/fP/ klg pgLx¿sf] hLjg ;'vdo, 36gfk"0f{ / ;xh agfpg ;lsG5 .

!!= cfly{s ;'/Iff M tf]lsPsf :jf:Yo–;+:yfaf6 æ;]jf rflxg]Æ egL k|dfl0ft ul/Psf ckfª\u, /f]uL, czSt / j[4j[4fsf] ;]jf ug{] ;GtltnfO{ afa'cfdfn] cfkm\gf] ;DklQ 5 eg] To;sf] lglZrt k|ltzt kfpg] sfg'gL Joj:yf x'g'k5{ . z]ifkl5sf] ck'tfnL ;a} ;Gtfgn] a/fa/L kfpg] sfg'g vf/]h u/L, OR5fkqdf cfwfl/t agfpg'k5{ .

!@= Gofo–k|flKtk|lqmofdf ;'wf/ M s}of}F Ho]i7 gful/sx¿ cbfntL sfuhkq, Gofofnosf sd{rf/Lsf] Jojxf/ / ljnDasf sf/0f dfgl;s kL8fdf ?Fb} lxF8]sf 5g\ . sltko dgf]/f]uL cj:yfdf 5g\ . cbfntdf Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dsf d'2f tGsfpg gkfpg] k|aGw x'g'k5{ . k}F;6\7L jif{dflysf Ho]i7 gful/ssf] d'2f ;DalGwt cbfntn] Ps jif{leqdf / krxQ/ jif{dflysf Ho]i7 gful/ssf] h'g;'s} lsl;dsf] d'2f klg 5 dlxgfleqdf lsgf/f nufpg}kg{] / To;f] geP ;DalGwt clwsf/LnfO{ tTsfn lgnDag u/L s7f]/ b08 lbOg] k|aGw ul/g'k5{ . o:tf] ;Dej gxf]pGh]n tTsfnsf nflu cnUu} Ho]i7 gful/s a]Gr x'g'k5{ . czSt Ho]i7 gful/ssf nflu 3/d} cbfnt k'Ug] jf To:t} ljz]if Joj:yf ldnfpg'k5{ .

 

 

 

v08 rf/

 

s= cfdf–afsf] :ofxf/ ug{]n] Wofg lbg'kg{] s'/fx¿

cfdf–afsf] :ofxf/ ug'{ eg]sf] vfg]s'/f ksfP/ tof/ kfl/lbg', Tof] kl:slbg', 3/wGbf ug'{ / n'ufkmf6f] wf]Olbg' dfq xf]Og . of] pgLx¿sf] :jf:Yo–;'/Iffdf cgj/t ;fjwfgLsf] ljifo t xf] g}, o;eGbf a9L dgf]lj1fg, wd{–;+:s[lt / ;fdflhs Jojxf/sf] ljifo xf] . cfb/–;Ddfgsf ;fy pgLx¿sf s'/f ;'lglbg', pgLx¿;Fu k|]dk"0f{ cGtlqm{of ul//xg' / w}o{k"j{s cfjZostf k"/f ul/lbg' 7"nf] sfd xf] . of] sfd rf}aL;306] bfloTj xf] .

cfdf–afsf] :ofxf/sf] sfd lbg–k|ltlbg a9\b} hfG5, lsgeg] a"9fa"9Lsf] k/lge{/tf lbg–k|ltlbg a9\b} hfG5 . pgLx¿sf dfu ;a} ts{;Ddt jf Jofjxfl/s gx'g klg ;S5g\ . :ofxf/stf{n] o:tf s'/fnfO{ klg gh/cGbfh ug{ ldNb}g . o; v08df a"9fa"9Lsf] ;]jfdf sfo{/t JolStn] ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg'kg{] ;fdfGoLs[t sfd–s'/fx¿ 5f]6s/Ldf ;"rLs/0f ul/Psf 5g\ . oL ;"rL kof{Kt 5}gg\ . :yfgLo cfjZostf, ef}lts cj:yf jf a"9fa"9Lsf] cj:yfn] oxfF w]/} ljifo ;d]6] klg c¿ w]/} ljifodf gh/ gk'u]sf] x'g ;S5 . oxfF qmdzM a'9Øf}nL dgf]lj1fg, /f]u / :jf:Yo, ;+:s[lt / ;fdflhs Jojxf/;Fu ;DalGwt #& a'Fbf lbPsf] 5' M

!= cfTd;Ddfgsf] /Iff

a"9fa"9Ln] hLjgsf] nfdf] ;do ljleGg cf]xf]bfdf a;]/ dfg–;Ddfg kfPsf, gd:t] vfPsf / wfs–/afkmk"0f{ hLjg latfPsf x'g ;S5g\ . cfkm" Toltsf 5f]/f–5f]/L, gflt–gfltgf, a'xf/L, ;DwL–;lDwgL, HjfOFx¿sf] wgL ePsf], ;a}eGbf h]7f] ePsf], hLjgdf b]z–b'lgofFsf] jf:tljs :j¿k b]v]–a'em]sf] / hLjgnfO{ k"0f{tfdf cg'ej u/]sf] 5' eGg]df cfTdljZjf; x'G5 . of] pknlAw ;Ddfgof]Uo ljifo xf] eGg] nfu]sf] x'G5 . pgLx¿sf] cfTd;Ddfgsf] /Iff ul/lbg'k5{ .

pgLx¿n] cfkm"n] u/]sf sfd, b]v]sf] ;+;f/sf] jf:tljseGbf leGg} lrq lbdfudf /fv]sf x'g ;S5g\ . ctM pgLx¿sf] aofgdf clt w]/} a9fOr9fO jf ;f]em} q'l6 b]lvg] ljj/0f eP klg To;sf] ;Totfsf nflu xfFs lbg'x'Fb}g . pgLx¿ e|ddf afFr]sf 5g\ eg] ToxL e|ddf afFRg lbg'k5{ .

dnfO{ d]/f Ps hgf a8fafn] eGg'ePsf] ofb cfpF5– æd}n] t]/f afa'sf] klg u'? x'F . d}n] To;nfO{ s]xL jif{ k9fPF .Æ

pxfF d]/f a'afsf ;xkf7L x'g'x'GYof] . d}n] eg]F– ædnfO{ yfxf 5 .Æ

@= Sofn]G8/ alglbg]

lj:d/0f a"9fa"9Lsf] 7"nf] ;d:of xf] . pgLx¿sf lghL ltlyldltx¿ ;Demfpg] sfd :ofxf/stf{sf] xf] . b;}F, ltxf/, df3] ;ª\qmflGt, kmfu', c;f/ kGw|, ;fpg] ;ª\qmflGt, s[i0fhGdfi6dL, tLh, /fdgjdL, cIfot[tLof, uf]7w'k cflb pgLx¿n] dgfpg] u/]sf rf8af8 slxn] k5{g\, ca slt lbg afFsL 5g\, ;/fb cflb ltlyldlt slxn] xf], PsfbzL cflb j|t slxn] k5{, cfkm\gf], >Ldfg\–>LdtLsf], 5f]/f5f]/L / gfltgfltgfsf] hGdlbj;, ljjfx jflif{sf]T;j cflb slxn] k5{g\ . s;sf] 3/df s'g sfh{] slxn] k5{, pgLx¿nfO{ lgDtf ul/Psf k'/f0f, lax]a6'nf jf at{dg, ef]h slxn] sxfF k5{g\ ;a} s'/fsf] x]Ssf /flvlbg'k5{ . o;sf nflu cfjZos 8fo/L g} /fv]sf] pQd .

#= ePg, x'Fb}g, ldn]g

a"9fa"9Lsf] ¿k/ª, :jf:Yocj:yf cflbaf/] pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] /fo jf ljrf/ dfUbf ckdfg jf lg/fzf pTkGg ug{] vfnsf l6Kk0fL ug{af6 Psbd xf]l;of/ /xg'k5{ . em'6f] k|z+;f klg xflgsf/s x'g] vt/f /xG5 eGg] klg Vofn ug'{k5{ . a"9fa"9Lsf ?lr, ljZjf;, cf:yf / b[li6sf]0fnfO{ Rofn]Gh lbg'x'Fb}g . pgLx¿sf /fhgLlts cf:yf, wfld{s–;fDk|bflos ;f]rdfly s'g} vfnsf] xfFs k|:t't ug'{x'Fb}g . pgLx¿n] b]v]sf] b'lgofF, ef]u]sf] ;+;f/ / hLjgsf oyfy{ xfdLeGbf leGg} 5g\ eGg] a'em]/ pgLx¿k|lt ;xfg'e"ltzLn / ;x' aGg'k5{ .

$= pgLx¿sf ;fdfg k|of]u gul/lbg]

a"9fa"9Ln] grnfpg eg]sf] ;fdfg rnfOlbg'x'Fb}g . pgLx¿n] k|of]u ug{] nf}/f], 5ftf, P]gf, s';L{, h'Qf–rKkn, yfna6'sf cflbh:tf lghL ;fdfg cfkm"n] k|of]u ug'{x'Fb}g . pgLx¿sf lghL ;fdfg unt 7fpFdf /fv]sf] sf/0fn] 3/leq cfjthfjtdf afwf k'Uof] jf 3/sf] ;/;kmfOdf afwf eof] eg] pgLx¿sf] cfTd;Ddfgdf rf]6 gk'Ug] u/L cg'/f]w u/]/ sxfF /fVg ;xh x'G5 ToxfF /fVg jf /fVg'xf];\ eGg ;lsG5 .

3/sf c¿ ;fdfg klg pgLx¿n] eg]sf] ;dodf, eg]sf] tl/sfn] / eg]hltdfq k|of]u ug'{k5{ . ;fdfgsf] pkof]lutfeGbf o;sf] ;'/Iffdf pgLx¿ a9L ;hu x'G5g\ .

%= l/;fPdf, gaf]n]df, b'MvL ePdf

a"9fa"9L pd]/df k'u]kl5 cfkm"n] ug{ rfx]sf] sfds'/f, k'Ug rfx]sf] 7fpF cflbdf kx'Fr k'Ub}g . c¿n] Tof] sfd cfkm"n] eg]h;/L t'?Gt ul/lbpmg\, c¿n] pgLx¿sf] dgf]efjgf a'lemlbpmg\ eGg] ;f]R5g\ . cfkm\gf] OR5f k"/f gx'Fbf a"9fa"9LnfO{ Psbd l56f] l/; p7\5, emf]Fs rN5, b'MvL aGg k'U5g\ . a"9fa"9LnfO{ uNtL ubf{ dfkmL dufpg], ;To aSg afWo kfg{] sfd slxNo} ug'{x'Fb}g . o;af6 ltgLx¿ Psbd l56f] l8k|];gsf] l;sf/ aGg ;S5g\ .

lxhf] cfkm"n] af]n]sf] jfSo e'OFdf v:g gkfpFb} t'?Gt cfb]z dfGg]x¿ cfh jf:tf ug{ 5f8]sf] b]Vtf a"9fa"9Ldf x'g;Dd ckdfgaf]w, l/; / 3[0ff eO/x]sf] x'G5 . ;fgf]ltgf] ;d:ofdf klg pgLx¿leqsf] Tof] s'07f aflx/ k|s6 x'G5 . o;f] ePsfn] :ofxf/stf{n] a"9fa"9L l/;fPdf cfkm" klg l/;fpg], xfF;]/ p8fpg], Joª\Uo ug{] jf dtna gug{] ug'{x'Fb}g, a"9fa"9LnfO{ o;n] clt ulx/f] rf]6 k'U5 . o;sf/0f :ofxf/stf{n] pgLx¿sf] cfqmf]z, l/; jf b'Mv ;lxlbg'k5{ . s]xL a]/kl5 pgLx¿ k'gM 7]ufgdf cfpg;S5g\, gcfPdf klg ;lxlbg'k5{ .

^= PSnf] 7fg]df, c;xfo ePdf

a"9fa"9L ljleGg cfGtl/s tyf afXo sf/0fn] PSnf jf c;xfo aGg k'U5g\ . To:tf] a]nfdf 5]pdf a;]/ 5'g], gd| / ;fgf] af]nLdf 5f]6f s'/f ug{] ug'{k5{ . a"9fa"9Lsf xftuf]8f dfln; ugf{n], t]n cflb nfOlbgfn], ;'D;'Dofpgfn] pgLx¿sf] PsfsLkg w]/} x6]/ hfG5 . pgLx¿df ePsf] emsf{] / lemFhf] dfGg] :jefj /f]lsG5 . pgLx¿n] PSnf] / lg/fz dx;'; u/]sf] a]nf ljifofGt/ u/]/ c¿ s'g} rfvnfUbf jf ljrf/of]Uo ljifox¿dfly pgLx¿;Fu s'/fsfgL ug'{k5{ . a? O{Zj/sf] OR5f s] 5 s;nfO{ yfxf 5 / eGg] xf] .

pgLx¿sf] h:tf] cj:yfdf k'u]/ kl5 k'gM ;fdfGo :jf:Yo–cj:yfdf kms{]sfx¿sf pbfx/0f vf]hLvf]hL ;'gfpg'k5{ . KoflnPl6e s]o/ jf xl:k; s]o/ kfO/x]sf a"9fa"9LnfO{ ;d]t hLjg o:t} xf] eGg] jf ctL{pkb]z lbg vf]Hg]x¿af6 arfpg'k5{ .

&= /f]u;Fu xf/]df, xtfz ePdf

o:tf] cj:yfdf a"9fa"9LnfO{ la:tf/} ;ayf]s 7Ls x'G5 eGg hfGg'k5{ . pgLx¿nfO{ tgfj lbg] j:t' / JolStnfO{ x6fpg sf]l;; ug'{k5{ . s7}a/f eGg], dnfO{ lrGg'ef] eGg], lhGbuLdf o:tf klg lbg cfpFbf /x]5g\, lar/f Û nf} g clGtdkN6 kmf]6f] lvrf}F jf d]/f] xftaf6 olt vfOlbg'xf];\ eGg] vfnsf] Jojxf/ ug{]x¿ ;a}eGbf lgb{oL, 3fts / kfkL cfkmGt x'g\ . o:tf 3fts dfG5]n] la/fdLsf] dgf]an ;dfKt kfl/lbg] ePsfn] logaf6 a"9fa"9LnfO{ hf]ufpg'k5{ . cr]nsf] :jf:Yolj1fgn] xfdLn] ;f]Rg g;Sg] u/L l56f] ljsf; u/]sf] / t'?Gt rdTsf/ x'g ;Sg], O{Zj/sf] cg'sDkf x'g ;Sg] jf pgLx¿n] ljZjf; ug{;Sg] c¿vfn] ts{x¿ k|:t't ug'{k5{ / 9f8; lbg' jf lbnfpg'k5{ . clns kftnf] e]63f6df cfpg] kfx'gfsf] d'vaf6 cl:teGbf cg'xf/ clns pHofnf] / /ftf] ePsf] 5, h] xf];\ l9n} eP klg ;'wf/ eO/x]sf] /x]5 eGg nufpg'k5{ .

cfkm"nfO{ nfu]s} /f]uaf6 sf]xL d/]sf] va/ ;'g]df ltgLx¿ Psbd xtfz x'G5g\ . :ofxf/stf{n] To; /f]uaf6 d'St ePsf ;kmntfsf syfx¿ vf]h]/ ;'gfpg'k5{ . laxfg p7\gf;fy jf a]n'sf ;'Tg'cl3 sf]xL d/]sf], 7"nf] gf]S;fg ePsf] jf To:t} va/ ;'gfpg'x'Fb}g . e/;s b'Mvb va/sf] ;|f]t aGgaf6 aRg'k5{ . Tof] va/ c¿ s;}n] elglbpmg\ .

*= zf/Ll/s Jofofd M a'9\of}nL pd]/df zf/Ll/s Jofofdsf] 7"nf] dxŒj 5 . pgLx?n] ;Sg] vfnsf] zf/Ll/s Jofofd ug{ xf}:ofpg' / ;3fpg'k5{ . xftuf]8f rnfpg], s';L{ of cf]5\ofgdf a;p7, dlg{ª–Oelgª jfs u/fpg'k5{ . d'Vo s'/f h]hlt ;Dej x'G5 o:tf ultljlw lgoldt u/fpg'k5{ . ;'?;'?df Jofofd clns sd / kl5 of] la:tf/} a9fpg'k5{ . zf/Ll/s Jofofdn] z/L/nfO{ dfq xf]Og dgnfO{ klg tGb'?:t /fV5g\ / a"9fa"9Ldf cfkm" tGb'?:t /x]sf] cg'e"lt l;h{gf x'G5 .

(= xfF;f] / 76\6f M xfF;f] / 76\7f 7"nf] pkrf/ xf] . :ofxf/stf{n] pgLx?sf] b}lgs hLjgdf xfF;f] / 76\6f pTkGg u/fO/xg'k5{ . hlt a9L xfF:g ;Sof] plt dgf]bzf :j:y x'G5 . a"9fa"9Lsf] :jf:Yocj:yf, dgf]bzf / kl/l:ylt–;'xfpFbf xf:oJoª\Uo vf]h]/ pgLx?nfO{ ;'gfpg] ug'{k5{ . pgLx?n] cfkm"n] hfg]sf xf:oJoª\Uo / 76\6f eGg k|f]T;flxt ug'{k5{ . cfkm"n] w]/}kN6 ;'g]sf] eP klg pgLx?n] eg]sf] xfF;f] / 76\6fdf dHhfn] xfFl;lbg'k5{ . 76\6f / xf:oJoª\Uon] xfdLnfO{ b'Mvaf6 d'lSt lbG5g\ . To;}n] ;s];Dd o:tf s'/flt/ a"9fa"9LnfO{ tfGg sf]l;; ug'{k5{ .

!)= d 5' lg

cf]5Øfgdf k/]sf ?U0f a"9fa"9Lsf] d"n ;d:of ;a}eGbf c;xfo cj:yfdf cnkq eOg] / lb;flk;fa Ps} 7fpF eO{ s'lxP/ dg'{kg{] kf] xf] ls eGg] xf] . p;a]nfsf] Toqf] zfg;f}st, Toqf] wfs / OHht, Toqf] wgbf}nt / clxn] o:tf] xfnt eof] eGg] xLgtfaf]w / kL8fn] 3]5{ . pgLx¿df tTsfn t ;]jf kfO/lxPs} 5 t/ nfdf] ;do o:t} xfnt /lx/xg] xf] eg] 5f]/f5f]/Ln] dtna /flv/xg ;St}gg\ / cnkq eOG5 eGg] 8/ x'G5 . o:tf] a]nfdf :ofxf/stf{n] h:tf];'s} clk|o / c;xgLo kl/l:yltdf klg d tkfO{FnfO{ 5f8]/ hfGgF eg]/ cfZjf;g lbg'k5{ . pgLx¿sf] ;]jf cfkm\gf nflu slt dxŒjk"0f{ 5 Tof] 7Ls;Fu a'emfOlbg'k5{ .

;Gtfgsf] dfof k6Ss} gkfpg] a"9fa"9Lsf] xsdf pgLx¿sf] nfvf}Fsf] ;DklQ ePsfn] dfofn] ;]jf ug{ grfxg]x¿n] nf]en] eP klg :ofxf/sf] k|aGw ug{]5g\ eGg'k5{ .

!!= b'Jo{;g

sltko a"9fa"9L r'/f]6–;'tL{, v}gL, dlb/f cflbsf] cfbtdf x'g ;S5g\ . tL s'/fn] pgLx¿sf] :jf:Yodf uDeL/ ;d:of l;h{gf u/]sf] / pkrf/df 7"nf] afwf u/]sf] klg x'g ;S5 . t/ xfdLn] hfGg] eP/ pgLx¿nfO{ pkb]z lbg] jf s'g} lsl;dn] Jojxf/ kl/jt{g ug{ afWo kfg{] ug'{x'Fb}g . eGg}kg{] ePdf 8fS6/sf] ;'emfj s] lyof] eg]/ ;Demfpg'k5{, t/ To:tf] klg k6sk6s ug'{x'Fb}g . sfg'gn] lgif]w u/]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s pgLx¿sf o:tf cfjZostf k"lt{df ;3fp k'¥ofpg'k5{ . afFsL lbg cfkm\gf] tl/sfn] zflGtk"j{s afFRg kfpmg\ .

!@= e|d0f

a"9fa"9Lsf] :jf:Yosf nflu e|d0fsf] dxŒj 7"nf] 5 . pgLx¿ ;lqmo / :j:y 5g\ eg] 6f9f–6f9f;Dd ofqfdf hfg ;S5g\ . o;sf nflu :ofxf/stf{n] cf}iflw, nf}/f], r:df cflb ;a} lghL ;fdfg b'?:t 5g\ eGg] lglZrt ug'{k5{ .

t/ ckfª\u jf Psbd sdhf]/ 5g\ eg] x\ljn r]o/df /fv]/ eP klg 5/l5d]s / cfkmGtsxfF nUg sf]l;; ug'{k5{ . st} k'/f0f, lax]–at{dgdf hfg ;s] eg] pgLx¿sf nflu of] 7"nf] pknlAwsf] s'/f x'G5 . pgLx¿sf] kfl/jfl/s Oltxf;df of] sf];]9'ª\uf dflgg ;S5 . o;}u/L aflx/ v]taf/L, vnf–vlnxfg, au}Frf, ;8sdf, cfFugdf jf a/G8fdf nUg ;lsG5 . olt eof] eg] pgLx¿sf] dl:tisdf ;sf/fTds pmhf{ knfpF5 . aflx/ r/f, afbn, ¿vla?jf / dflg;x¿ otfptf b]v] eg] pgLx¿sf] cfTdljZjf; / hLjgk|]d a9\5 .

!#= kmf]6f]x¿, Snf8]G8/, leQ] 38L, /]l8of]

3/sf leQfdf pgLx¿n] em'G8Øfpg] u/]sf tl:a/, Sofn]G8/, leQ] 38L, /]l8of] cflb pgLx¿n] ;xh dfg]sf] jf ;w}F /fVg] u/]s} :yfgdf /flvlbg'k5{ . o;f] ubf{ pgLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/ cfkm\g} nfU5 . 3/sf s'g} klg ;fdfg pgLx¿n] /fVg] u/]sf] 7fpFaf6 e/;s cGoq ;fl/lbg'x'Fb}g .

3/df pgLx¿n] /fv]sf kmf]6f]x¿, lstfax¿ jf To:t} k'/fgf s'/fx¿sf] htg ul/lbg'k5{ . ltgsf] af/]df slxn]sfxLF s'/f ul/lbg'k5{ . tL ;fdfg;Fu pgLx¿sf] cfkm\gf] syf hf]l8Psf] x'G5, Tof] eGg nufpg'k5{ . o;f] ubf{ pgLx¿sf] :d/0fzlSt tfhf eO/xG5 .

 !$= /ª, sk8fsf] 5gf]6

pgLx¿sf] 5gf]6 / ?lr km]l/lbg] sf]l;; ug'{xF'b}g . hdfgf sxfF k'lu;Sof], tkfO{F cem} o;}df cNemg'ePsf] 5 eGg'x'Fb}g . h]df h:tf]df ?lr 5, ToxLcg';f/sf] ;fdfg h'6fOlbg'k5{ . tGgf, kbf{ / nufpg] sk8fsf] 5gf]6, ;fdfgsf] 5gf]6, /ª jf 3/s} klg /ªdf cfkm\gf ljrf/ jf cfbz{ yf]kg'{xF'b}g .

!%= s's'/, la/fnf kfNg], km"n jf ;fu;AhL /f]Kg]

w]/} a"9fa"9LnfO{ s's'/ la/fnf v'a dg k5{ . ltgLx¿sf nflu s's'/ la/fnf NofOlbg], ltgsf] ;/;kmfO ug{], vfg lbg] / ltgsf v]nx¿df /dfOlbg] ug'{k5{ . ;d"xdf 3'nldn x'g ufx|f] dfGg] j[4x¿n] 3/]n' kz'kIfL kfn]/ cfˆgf] Psnf]kg sd u/fpg ;S5g\ . :ofxf/stf{n] a"9fa"9Lsf nflu s's'/, la/fnf kfNg], km"n jf ;fu;AhL /f]Kg], uf};]jf ug{] cflbdf ;3fpg ;lsG5 . s;}s;}nfO{ lugLlku, Gofp/Ld';f, v/fof] cflb gofF hgfj/ kfn]sf] dg kg{;S5 . a"9fa"9LnfO{ slxn]sfxLF au}Frf, kz'kfng jf v]tLkftL cjnf]sg ug{ k'¥ofpg'k5{ .

!^= ;'Tg] p7\g] ;do, :yfg / lbzf

a"9fa"9Lsf] csf{] ;d:of lgb|f gnfUg' xf] . pgLx¿sf] lgb|f s;f] u/] /fd|f] aG5 eGg] s'/fdf :ofxf/stf{sf] Wofg k'Ug'k5{ . pgLx¿sf] ;'Tg] jf p7\g] ;do unt 5 eg] To;nfO{ ;Rofpg] sf]l;; ug'{x'Fb}g . pgLx¿n] rfx]hlt ;do / rfx]sf] :yfgdf ;'Tg lbg'k5{ . l;/fgL slt xf]rf] jf cUnf] /fVg], s'g lbzflt/ l;/fgL nufpg] cflb pgLx¿sf] lg0f{onfO{ ;xif{ :jLsf/ ug'{k5{ . lgb|fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg ;lsof] eg] pgLx¿sf] :jf:Yo–;d:of hl6n aGb} hfgaf6 /f]lsG5 .

!&= aQL afNg] lgefpg]

x]bf{ of] ;fgf] s'/f xf]nf, t/ o;n] a"9fa"9Lsf] cf/fd, lgb|f jf ;Gt'li6sf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . pgLx¿ 3/leq jf aflx/ aQL afnLafnL pHofnf] agfP/ ;'Tg] cfbtdf 5g\ eg] To;nfO{ abNg vf]Hg'x'Fb}g . To;f] ubf{ pgLx¿nfO{ xflg u5{ . cFWof/fdf ;'Tg] afgL ePsfnfO{ aQL aflnlbof}F eg] ;'tfOdf cToGt w]/} afwf k5{ . pgLx¿sf] ;'Tg] ;do, aQL afNg] / lgefpg] ;do Vofn ug'{k5{ / gla;L{ ;f]xL ;dodf Tof] sfd ul/lbg'k5{ . cFWof/fdf ;'Tg]x¿ ePsf] sf]7fdf k;]/ s]xL ug'{ 5 eg] ;fgf] dw'/f] 6r{ pgLx¿lt/ kms{g glbO{ xf]rf] u/L afn]/ ;'6'Ss ug{'k5{ . cfjfh dg gk/fpg]x¿nfO{ sf]7fsf] jftfj/0f zfGt kfg'{k5{ eg] uLt;ª\uLt, ehg ;'Gb} lgbfpg]x¿sf nflu ;f]xL lsl;dsf] k|aGw ldnfpg'k5{ . lgb|f ;a}sf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ 5, t/ a"9fa"9Lsf] lgb|f Psbd kftnf] / sdhf]/ x'G5 . of] layf]lnof] eg] pgLx¿sf] :jf:Yosf nflu cToGt xflgsf/s x'G5 .

!*= afy?dsf] k|of]u

afy?dsf] k|of]u a"9fa"9Lsf] 7"nf] ;d:of xf] . w]/} a"9fa"9L afy?ddf lrKn]/ 3fOt] x'g] jf dg{] u/]sf] ;'lgG5, b]lvG5 . afy?dsf] e'OF lrKng] vfnsf] 5 eg] To;df /a/sf Dof6 cflb cf]5ØfOlbg'k5{ . afy?d;Dd hfg] leQfdf ;dfP/ lxF8\g ldNg] /]lnª, kof{Kt k|sfz / ;xh wf/fsf] Joj:yf ul/lbg'k5{ .

a"9fa"9LnfO{ ;do–;dodf g'xfpg dgtftf] kfgLsf] k|aGw ul/lbg'k5{ . udL{df klg tftf] kfgLn] g'xfPdf a"9fa"9LnfO{ cf/fd ldN5 . lr;f] kfgLn] cg]s ;d:of Nofpg ;S5 . pgLx¿ wf/fdf g'xfpg rfxG5g\ eg] wf/fd} Joj:yf ul/lbg] t/ aflN6g jf 6asf] kfgLn] g'xfpg ;xh dfGg]sf nflu To:t} kfgLsf] aGbf]a:t ul/lbg] ug'{k5{ . cfw'lgs aGg] lx;fan] afy–6adf g'xfpg afWo kfg'{x'Fb}g .

xfd|f afy?d a"9fa"9Lsf] cfjZostf x]/L lgdf{0f ul/Psf x'Fb}gg\ . w]/}h;f] a"9fa"9Lsf 3'F8fdf ;d:of x'G5 . rkL{ hfFbf pSng' of cf]n{g' pgLx¿sf nflu ;d:of x'G5 . ctM Ps} v'8\lsnf] dfq eP klg l;F9L ePsf] afy?d 7Ls x'Fb}g . pgLx¿ 6'qm'Ss a;]/ k|of]u ul/g] rkL{df a:g ;St}gg\ . ctM klZrdL z}nLsf sdf]8o'St rkL{ agfpg'k5{ .

!(= uLt;ª\uLt, ehg / syfx¿

a"9fa"9LnfO{ pgLx¿sf] ?lr ljrf/ u/]/ ;'dw'/ uLt;ª\uLt, syfk'/f0fsf lel8of], tLy{x¿;DaGwL hfgsf/Lsf lel8of]x¿ b]vfpg'k5{ . pgLx¿n] pd]/df ;'Gg] u/]sf nf]suLt, syf cflb vf]hLvf]hL ;'gfpg'k5{ . slxn]sfxLF pgLx¿n] ufPsf]–gfr]sf] lel8of] agfOlbg'k5{ . tL lel8of]x¿ pgLx¿sf] rfxgf ePdf km];a's, OG:6fu|fd of l6s6sh:tf ;fdflhs ;~rfndf /flvlbg'k5{ . o;f] ePdf pgLx¿df k'gtf{huL cfpF5 . gofF cWoog, cg'ej / 1fg eO/x]sf] dx;'; x'G5 . pgLx¿sf cfkm\g} k'/fgf lel8of] / kmf]6f]x¿ klg ;do–;dodf b]vfpg'k5{ .

l6eLdf b]vfpg] / /]l8of]df aHg] vf; sfo{qmd a"9fa"9Lsf /f]hfOsf x'G5g\ . tL sfo{qmd l6eLdf sltv]/ cfpF5g\, ;Demfpg'k5{ . /]l8of] ahfpFbf pgLx¿n] rfx]sf] cfjfhdf ahfOlbg'k5{ . 7"nf] cfjfhn] h;nfO{ klg emsf{] nfU5 .

@)= kf;j8{ 8fo/Ldf l6lklbg]

a"9fa"9L;Fu cr]n :df6{ kmf]g, 6Øfa, Nofk6k cflb x'G5g\ . ltgsf] ;xL pkof]u l;sfpg' / ;3fpg'k5{ . a"9fa"9Lsf df]afOn kmf]g, 6Øfa, Nofk6k cflbdf kf;j8{ x'g ;S5g\ . sltko cj:yfdf To:tf kf;j8{ pgLx¿n] ;Dem] klg slxn]sfxLF e';'Ss} e'N5g\ . To;f] ePsfn] kf;j8{ n]v]/ ;fgf] 8fo/L pgLx¿nfO{ g} ;'/lIft /fVg lbg] jf pgLx¿n] ;xh} e]6\g] 7fpFdf cfkm"n] /flvlbg] ug'{k5{ . pgLx¿sf On]S6«f]lgs ;fdfg pgLx¿s} cfb]zdf afx]s x]g{ / rnfpg x'Fb}g . pgLx¿n] eg]df gofF kf;j8{ agfpg], ablnlbg'k5{, t/ of] 7Ls;Fu 8fo/Ldf l6lklbg'k5{ .

@!= /f]usf] cf}iflw k6sk6s ;Demfpg] jf lbg]

a"9fa"9Ln] ;dodf cf}iflw vfg la;{G5g\ . cfkm"n] Vofn /fVg'k5{ . cf}iflw gvfO{sg vfPsf] 7fGg], vfPkl5 klg vfPsf] 5}g eG7fGg] u5{g\ . cfkm"n] To;sf] 7Ls;Fu x]Ssf /fVg'k5{ . 8fS6/sxfF hfg] lbg slxn] xf], Sofn]G8/df n]lv/fVg'k5{ .

st} cfkmGtsxfF hfg nfu]sf] a]nf, s'g} sfh{] jf ef]hdf hfg nfu]sf] a]nf cfjZos cf}iflw ;fydf 5 ls 5}g Vofn ug'{k5{ . vfg] a]nf ePkl5 kmf]g u/]/ ;Demfpg'k5{ . vfPsf] jf nfPsf] s'/f hfgsf/L kfPkl5 dfq cfkm\gf] st{Jo k"/f x'G5 .

@@= df};d ablnFbf yk xf]l;of/L

a"9fa"9LnfO{ udL{, hf8f] / xfjf rNg] df};ddf Hofbf sl7gfO k5{ . w'nf] p8\g] df};ddf w'nfn] w]/} si6 k'¥ofpF5 . df};d ablnFbf klg pgLx¿nfO{ w]/} si6 x'G5 . :ofxf/stf{ o:tf a]nfdf ljz]if ;ts{ x'g'k5{ . o:tf] df};d cfpg nfu]sf] / cfkm"n] s] ug'{kg{] xf] a"9fa"9LnfO{ ;dod} ;Demfpg'k5{ .

@#= vfg]s'/f

vfg]s'/fsf] ljifodf x/]s a"9fa"9L leGg} x'g\ . vfg]s'/fk|lt pgLx¿sf] wfld{s ljZjf;, cfbt / k"jf{u|x x'g ;S5 . vf; a]nfdf vfg'k/]sf] vfg pgLx¿nfO{ k6Ss} dg gkg{ ;S5 . lsgeg] vfg]s'/fl;t pgLx¿sf ;'vb, b'Mvb / qf;b cg'ej x'g ;S5g\ . s]6fs]6LnfO{ em}F :jf:Yoj4{s 5 eGb}df h] lbP klg logLx¿ vfFb}gg\ . dL7f] dfg]sf] v08df klg cfjZostfeGbf a9L lbg'x'Fb}g .

pbfx/0fsf nflu s;}n] aGbfsf]kL sf6\tf To;leq ;k{sf] aRrf] e]l6Psf] syf ;'g]sf] 5 eg] p;n] aGbfsf]kL gvfg ;S5 . ahf/af6 lsg]/ NofOg] kmnkm"n jf t/sf/Lsf] af/]df klg logLx¿sf ;Gt'lnt c;Gt'lnt b[li6sf]0f ag]sf x'g ;S5g\ . ctM x/]s a"9fa"9Lsf] vfg]s'/f, vfg] :yfg, ;do, :jfb, b[li6sf]0f cflb s'/f a'e]m/ pgLx¿sf] cfjZostf k"/f ul/lbg'k5{ . /f]ucg';f/, ?lrcg';f/ / pknAwtfcg';f/ sltk6s slt ah] vfg lbg'kg{] xf] Tof] Joj:yf ldnfpg'k5{ .

hLjge/ bfn, t/sf/L, crf/, bxL–df]xL, sfutL cflb ljleGg kl/sf/ h;/L lbOGYof], o; pd]/df klg p;}u/L pknAw xf]cf];\ eGg] rfxG5g\ . s;}nfO{ k|ltlbg bfn rflxPnf, s;}nfO{ bxL geO{ vfgf g} dg gnfUnf, sf]xL sfutLsf ;f}lvg xf]nfg\ . df};d, ah]6 / pknAwtfn] EofPcg';f/ pgLx¿sf] ?lr / :jf:Yo–cj:yf;'xfpFbf] vfgf lbg'k5{ . e/;s pgLx¿n] vfFb} cfPsf yfna6'sf, lunf; / efF8fs'F8f k|of]u ug'{k5{ .

w]/} lrNnf] u'lnof] / tf}n a9fpg] vfnsf vfgfx¿ vfg lg?T;flxt ug'{k5{ . sfaf{]xfO8«]6 vfgf sd u/L kmnkm"n / ;fu;AhL clg kfgLdf an ug'{k5{ . sfFr} vfg ldNg] vfgf a9L v'jfpg'k5{ . k|f]l6go'St vfgf v'jfpg'k5{ .

@$= kof{Kt kfgL, kmnkm"n lbg]

eft/f]6L, ;fu;AhL, b"wbxL, df;', cG8f cflbsf] ?l6g agfpg'k5{ . kof{Kt kfgL vfg nufpg'k5{ . /ftdf lk;fasf sf/0f x}/fgL x'G5 eg] /flt kfgL v'jfpg'kb{}g t/ laxfgb]lv k6sk6s kfgL lbO/xg'k5{ . Ps}rf]l6df b'O{tLg l3nf; 3636L vfg] afgL x'g]nfO{ klg la:tf/} yf]/}yf]/} lkpg ;3fpg'k5{ . kmnkm"n, vfhf cflbsf] ;do / dfqf cfjZostfcg';f/ ldnfpg'k5{ .

a"9fa"9Lsf] /f]u;Fu n8\g] Ifdtf w]/} 36]sf] x'G5 . kmnkm"n 7Ls;Fu kvfn]/ dfq vfg lbg'k5{ . xfdLsxfF kmnkm"n / sfFr} vfg] ;fu;AhLdf hyfefjL ljiffbL / sL6f0f' x'g ;S5g\ . 7Ls;Fu wf]P/, lglZrt ;do;Dd kfgLdf 8'afP/ To; ;d:ofnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug'{k5{ .

s;}s;}n] s6';, ;tLao/, elsDnf], a8x/, P]F;]n', sfkmn, hfd'g, s';'d, cfn'av8f, cfNrf, v'kf{gL cflb plxNo} pgLx¿ a;]sf] :yfgdf k|z:t kfOg] t/ cr]n a:g'k/]sf] :yfgdf xQkQ gkfOg] kmn vfg kfpFbf cfkm"nfO{ wGo 7fG5g\ . cfkm\gf] afNosfndf vfOg] t/ cr]n xQkQ gkfOg] o:tf kmnkm"n vfg kfPdf pgLx¿sf] :jfb lapFemG5 . of] pgLx¿sf] dfgl;s :jf:Yosf] k'gtf{huLsf nflu ;d]t Psbd kmfObfhgs x'G5 . :ofxf/stf{n] o:tf obfsbf dfq kfOg] kmnkm"n yf]/}yf]/} eP klg kfP;Dd h'6fpg'k5{ . :jf:YonfO{ kmfObf u5{ eGb} dxFuf cfofltt tyf rNtLsf] km];gsf kmn /f]Hg'x'Fb}g, /}yfg] kmn v'jfpg an ug'{k5{ .

@%= 5'g], ;'D;'Dofpg] sxfF b'V5 ;f]Wg]

:kz{ cToGt 7"nf] y]/fkL xf] . ;xL tl/sfn] :kz{ ug{ hflgof] eg] hl6neGbf hl6n zf/Ll/s / dfgl;s /f]usf] pkrf/ ug{ ;Dej 5 . b'v]sf] 7fpFdf xftn] 5'g], ;'D;'Dofpg], dfln; ul/lbg], t]n blnlbg] cflb ug'{k5{ . xftuf]8f jf hLp dfln; ul/lbFbf pgLx¿n] ckgTjsf] dx;'; u5{g\ / cfkm"nfO{ dfof ug{], x]/ljrf/ ug{] / 7Ls;Fu ;Xof/ ug]{sf] ef}lts pkl:ylt dx;'; u5{g\ .

@^= >j0foGq, r:df, nf}/f] cflbsf] k|of]u

a"9fa"9Ln] nf}/f], >j0foGq, r:df, 5ftf, emf]nf, cf}iflw cflb lal;{O/xG5g\ . To;sf] Vofn /flvlbg'k5{ . st} aflx/ hfFbf tL ;fdfg ;fydf k7fpg la;{g'x'Fb}g . pgLx¿sf lghL ;fdfgsf] ;'/Iff, htg / ;/;kmfO ul/lbgfn] pgLx¿nfO{ 7"nf] 9f8; ldN5 .

sltko a"9fa"9LnfO{ nf}/f], r:df cflb k|of]u ug{ c;lhnf] nfU5 . d clxNo} Tolt sdhf]/ sxfF ePsf] 5' / eGg] eP/ klg xf] . t/ s'/f To;f] xf]Og, r:dfn] b[li6df ;xof]u u5{ / nf}/fn] n8\gaf6 arfpF5 . nf}/f] af]s]/ lxF8\gfn] c¿ klg ;fjwfg x'G5g\ .

@&= 3/sf] ;/;kmfO, sk8fsf] ;/;kmfO

sltko a"9fa"9L ;/;kmfOsf s'/fdf ;Demf}tf ug{} ;St}gg\ . 3/df ;fdfGo kmf]xf]/ eof], l;lnª jf leQfdf dfs'/fsf] hfnf] b]lvof] eg] clt b'Mlvt x'g] / ?g];Dd ub{5g\ . cfkm" ug{ ;Sg] x'Fbf o:tf] slxNo} x'Fb}gYof], s] nfUbf] /x]5 / eGg] jf eG7fGg] u5{g\ . ctM 3/sf] ;/;kmfO, tGgf cflbsf] ;/;kmfO / km]/abn, pgLx¿sf] g'xfOw'jfO / sk8f km]/kmf/ ck]Iffcg'¿k ul/lbg'k5{ . 8fOk/ k]mg'{k/]df ;dod} km]l/lbg'k5{ .

@*= tGgf, e'OF k'5\g], n'uf w'g]

sltko a"9fa"9LnfO{ uGw sd yfxf x'G5 . ctM n'ufkmf6f] uGxfpg yfn]sf] pgLx¿nfO{ yfxf gx'g ;S5 . cfkm"n] yfxf kfpgf;fy km]l/lbg] / w'g] ug'{k5{ . tGgf km]g{], ;f]kmf jf s';L{sf rs6Lsf vf]n km]g{] / w'g] sfd ;do;dodf ub{} ug'{k5{ . lgoldt ¿kdf e'OF k'5\g' / a9fg'{k5{ . 3/ ;kmf eof], pHofnf] eof] eg] pgLx¿sf] dg klg ;kmf / pHofnf] x'g ;lhnf] k5{ . k'/fgf / v'OlnPsf tGgf cflb km]g{df cf rlnxfN5 lg eGg] 7fg]/ cN5L ug'{x'Fb}g . pgLx¿n] k'/fg} dg k/fpF5g\ eg] ;f]xL /ª / a'6\6f ePsf] gofF tGgf cflb lsg]/ Nofpg'k5{ .

@(= Hof]ltifL–wfdL, O{Zj/ / cflzif–;/fk

a"9fa"9Lx¿ Hof]ltifL, wfdL, lah'jf cflbdf ljZjf; ug{] klg x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf Jojxf/ To:tf ljZjf;n] klg lgb{]lzt u5{g\ . x]/fn'n] a"9fa"9Lsf ljZjf;nfO{ cGwljZjf; jf sfd gnfUg] s'/f x'g\ elglbg'x'Fb}g . pgLx¿n] dfgLcfPsf] wd{, ;Dk|bfo jf ;+:yfk|lt gsf/fTds l6Kk0fL jf Joª\Uo ug'{x'Fb}g . pgLx¿sf o:tf ljZjf;n] hLjg lgb{]z u/]sf x'gfn] x]/fn'n] cgf:yf k|s6 u/]df jf gsf/fTds l6Kk0fL u/]df x]/fn'k|lt logLx¿ gsf/fTds aGg] vt/f x'G5 . a"9fa"9Lx¿ cflzif / ;/fksf] tfutdf ljZjf; u5{g\ . ctM pgLx¿n] ;/fKg] cj:yf l;h{gf ug'{x'Fb}g .

#)= ghfg eg]sf] 7fpFdf ghfg]

a"9fa"9LnfO{ cfkm\gf] lghL hLjgdf afXo JolStsf] cglws[t kx'Fr / k|j]z dg kb{}g . pgLx¿sf] uf]Kotfsf] ;Ddfg ul/lbg'k5{ . ghfg eg]sf] sf]7f jf 7fpFdf uOlbg'x'Fb}g . pgLx¿n] lgif]w u/]sf / 3[0ff ug{] vfgkfg tyf ljlw–Jojxf/ pgLx¿s} ;fd' jf pgLx¿n] yfxf kfpg] u/L ug'{x'Fb}g .

pbfx/0fsf nflu sltko 3/df xfF;–s'v'/f, ;'Fu'/ kfNg'x'Fb}g elgGYof] . cfh ;f+:s[lts kl/jt{gn] of] wf/0ff x6]sf] 5 . t/ hLljsfsf] ;lhnf] ;fwg aG5, pla|P/ v]/ hfg nfu]sf] vfg]s'/fsf] ;b'kof]u x'G5 jf sdfOsf] ;xh pkfo xf], kl/j]z To;sf nflu Psbd cg's"n 5 eG7fg]/ 3/df oL kz'kG5L jf hLjhGt' kfNg yfNof}F eg] pgLx¿sf] cfTd;Ddfgdf 7"nf] rf]6 k'Ug ;S5 . s;}nfO{ blntx¿sf] k];f xf] eg]/ 5f]/f5f]/Ln] lu|n pBf]u, 6]nl/ª k;n jf 5fnfh'Qf sf/vfgf vf]n]sf] dg gkg{ ;S5 . 3f]/ sln nfUof], ;Gtfg dfl;g] af6flt/ nfu] eG7fGg ;S5g\ . pgLx¿sf] cf:yf / ;DdfgnfO{ arfP/ o:tf sfd ug{] pkfo lgsfNg'k5{ .

#!= gftf–;DaGw

:ofxf/stf{n] a"9fa"9LnfO{ gftf;DaGw alnof] kfg{ ;3fpg'k5{ . a'l9Fb} uPkl5 s7f]/ aGg 5f8\g af/Daf/ ;Demfpg'k5{ . c¿nfO{ lgoGq0f / cfb]z lbg 5f8\g'xf];\ eGg'k5{ . csf{nfO{ b'Mv lbP/ cfkm\gf] zlSt l;4 ug{], csf{sf] dfldnfdf x:tIf]k ug]{ jf c¿nfO{ o;f] u/ jf p;f] u/ eg]/ cgfjZos ;Nnfx lbg aGb ug{ eGg'k5{ . a"9fa"9Ln] c¿sf] dfldnfdf xft xfNg' / 6Lsfl6Kk0fL ug'{x'Fb}g eGg] a'emfpg'k5{ . c¿x¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] lg0f{o ug{ 5fl8lbg'k5{ eGg'k5{ . c¿x¿sf] ;f]rfO / ljrf/nfO{ ePg jf x'Fb}g eGg'x'Fb}g eg]/ ;Demfpg'k5{ . h] ug{ 7Ls nfU5, u¿g\ . ltgLx¿ cfkm\gf] lg0f{o, km};nf / ;f]rfOaf6 pTkGg kl/0ffd ef]Ug tof/ x'G5g\, a"9fa"9Ln] aLrdf l5s{] nufpg'x'Fb}g, lxhf] tkfO{FnfO{ To;f] u/]sf] dg kYof{] / eg]/ ;f]Wg'k5{ .

gftf;DaGwsf dflg; 6f9faf6 e]6 ug{ cfPsf] ;dodf a"9fa"9Lsf] ;fdYo{ / ;Ddltcg';f/ pkxf/ jf af6fvr{ lbg ;lsG5 .

#@= dnfO{ ;ayf]s yfxf 5

pgLx¿nfO{ cfkm"nfO{ h] klg yfxf 5 eGg] k'/fgf] ;f]r TofUg'xf];\ eGg'k5{ . x'g t a"9fa"9Ln] cyfx hfgsf/L, 1fg / cg'ej af]s]sf x'G5g\ . tL hfgsf/L, 1fg, ljj]s / cg'ej sfdnfUbf klg x'G5g\ . t/ a"9fa"9Ln] c¿sf] lg0f{odf afwf–cj/f]w xfNg' jf 6/f{ l6Kk0fL ug'{x'Fb}g . o;f] ugf{n] ;DaGwdf ;d:of cfpF5 .

d}dfq ;xL x'F, c;n x'g\, oL ;a abdf; x'g\, v/fa / :jfyL{ x'g\ eGg] lrGtg TofUg ;3fpg'k5{ . a"9fa"9Ln] k|]dk"0f{, ;xof]uL, d[b'efifL / ldqjt\ af]nLJojxf/ ug'{k5{ . o;f] ug{ ;Sof] eg] cfkm" ;d:ofdf kbf{ c¿sf] ;fy kfOG5 . klxNo} lau|]sf] ;DaGw 5 eg] To;nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ :ofxf/stf{n] cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 dWo:ytf ul/lbg'k5{ .

##= kfx'gf cfpFbf ;Ddfg

pgLx¿nfO{ e]6\g cfpg] kfx'gfnfO{ 7Ls;Fu clejfbg ug'{k5{ . ;f]wLvf]hL ug'{k5{ . cj:yf / ;fdYo{cg';f/ lrofgf:tf, kmnkm"nsf] k|aGw ug'{k5{ . cj:yf 5}g eg] sDtLdf kfgLdfq eP klg ;–;Ddfg lbg'k5{ . o;f] eof] eg] pgLx¿ cfkm\gf kfx'gfn] OHht kfPsf] dx;'; u5{g\ . kfx'gfx¿sf] ;Ddfgn] cfkm\gf] ;Ddfg ePsf] 7fG5g\ . kfx'gfx¿n] NofPsf pkxf/, vfg]s'/f htg;Fu /fVg'k5{, vfg]s'/f ;dod} v'jfpg], vfg] jf c¿ kfx'gfx¿nfO{ lbg] ug'{k5{ . 3/df cyf{]s s]xL 5}g eg] pgLx¿n] NofPs} vfg]s'/f klg kfx'gfnfO{ lbg ;lsg] vfnsf] 5 eg] ldnfP/ lbg'k5{ .

#$= kfx'gf /]s8{ /flvlbg]

a"9fa"9LnfO{ e]6\g cfpg] lrgf?, cfkmGt kfx'gfx¿sf gfd, 7]ufgf / cGo ljj/0f ;f]w]/ ;'6'Ss n]lv/fVg'k5{ . pgLx¿ o;cl3 slxn] cfPsf lyP jf kmf]g u/]sf lyP Tof] 7Ls7Ls ljj/0f ;'Gg kfPdf kfx'gfn] klg cfkm"nfO{ dxŒj lbPsf] kfpg]5g\ . tL kfx'gfx¿nfO{ lrGg / pgLx¿sf] af/]df a"9fa"9Ln] eg]sf] ;Demg sf]l;; ug'{k5{ . cfjZostf k/] o:tf s'/fsf] klg l6kf]6 /fVg'k5{ . ;fd"lxs kmf]6f] jf lel8of] lng ;lsG5, t/ kfx'gfn] b]Vg]u/L lelh6/ vftf tof/ ug'{x'Fb}g .

pgLx¿nfO{ e]6\g cfpg] kfx'gf / pgLx¿aLrsf] ;+jfbsf] kmf]6f], lel8of]] b]vfof] eg] pgLx¿nfO{ tL kfx'gfsf] af/]df k'gtf{huL eO/fV5 . o;af6 pgLx¿nfO{ o; ;dfhdf cfkm\gf] dxŒj / k|f;ª\lustf /lx/x]sf] cg'e"lt x'G5 .

#%= pgLx¿sf] af/]df c¿nfO{ eGg]

a"9fa"9L cfkm\gf] k|z+;f ;'g]df /dfpF5g\ . pgLx¿n] u/]sf sfdsf] aofg, ofqf u/]sf] syf, n]v]sf k':ts, ufPsf uLt cflbsf] af/]df hfgsf/L /fVg'k5{ . df}sfdf tL s'/f pgLx¿nfO{ klg eGg sfd nfU5 . pgLx¿nfO{ e]6\g cfpg] cfkmGt / ;fyLefOnfO{ eGg;d]t sfd nfU5 . cfpg]x¿sf ;fd' pgLx¿n] klxn] u/]sf ;fx;L, rt'/ / ;kmn sfdsf] ;Gt'lnt k|z+;f ug'{k5{ . pgLx¿n] la/fdL cfj:yfdf u/]sf ;fgfltgf sfdnfO{ klg pknlAwsf] ¿kdf JofVof ug{ ;Sg'k5{ . a"9fa"9Lsf] :d/0fIfdtf, :jf:Yo, sfd cflbsf] v'n]/ k|z+;f ug'{k5{ . o;f] ug{ ;s]df pgLx¿ :ofxf/stf{n] cfkm"nfO{ w]/} dxŒj lbPsf] kfpF5g\ .

cfkmGt / ;fyLefOnfO{ ;Dem]sf] s'/f kl5 tL dflg; cfpFbf s'g k|;ª\udf pgLx¿n] ;Dem]sf x'g\, ldnfP/ ;'gfOlbg'k5{ . pgLx¿nfO{ e]6\g cfpg]x¿n] klg cfkm"nfO{ efp lbOPsf] dx;'; ug{ kfpF5g\ .

#^= cfkm\gf kl/jf/sf s'/f ;'gfpg], pgLx¿sf s'/f ;'Gg]

a"9fa"9Ln] b'lgofFnfO{ eGg'kg{] s'/f–syf w]/} x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf cg'ej / 36gfx¿ w}o{ eP/ ;'lglbg'k5{ . a]nfa]nfdf æxlu <Æ, æs:tf] crDd ÛÆ, æh] xf];\ xh'/n] 7Ls ug'{eP5Æ cflb l6Kk0fL ub{} ;fy lbg'k5{ . slxn]sfxLF pgLx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf syf klg ;'gfpg'k5{ . t/ pgLx¿n] ;'gfPsf] cg'ej eGgf;fy cfkm"n] klg To:t} cg'ej u/]sf] syf tTsfn ;'gfpg'x'Fb}g . pgLx¿n] b'j} uf]8f efFlrPsf] syf elg;s]sf] x'Fb}g, cfkm"n] klg xf}l;P/ PskN6 d]/f klg b'j} uf]8f efFlrPsf lyP eGg] vfnsf s'/f ug{'x'Fb}g . ;fGTjgfsf nflu pgLx¿sf ;fyL jf ;djoLx¿sf syf eGg'k5{,hxfF tL kl5 7Ls eP/ clxn] tGb'?:t 5g\ .

#&= ;flxTo, snf, ;ª\uLt, k};f / ;DklQ

sltko a"9fa"9LnfO{ ;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt, wd{, ;ª\uLth:tf If]qdf ?lr x'G5 . pgLx¿sf] ?lrsf] If]qdf cfkm"n] klg ?lr /flvlbg'k5{ . s;}nfO{ rflxF cfkm\gf] k};f / ;DklQsf] s'/f ul//xg dg nfU5 . To:tf a"9fa"9Lsf tL syf Wofg lbP/ ;'lglbg'k5{ . cfkm"n] ;'g]sf] s'/f xfpefp jf zAbn] atfpFb} ug'{k5{ . pgLx?n] plxn]sf cfly{s ultljlwsf s'/f u/] eg] rfv lbP/ ;'lglbg'k5{ .

#*= emØfn9f]sf, l5l:sgL / l:jr

xfd|f 3/sf emØfn9f]sf, l5l:sgL / l:jr a"9fa"9L–;'xfpFbf ag]sf x'Fb}gg\ . ctM pgLx¿sf] cfjZostf a'emL l:jr, l5l:sgLx¿ ;xh x'g] pFrfOdf /fVg'k5{ . o;}u/L emØfn9f]sf vf]Ng–y'Gg ;Sg] vfnsf agfpg'k5{, Hofb} s8f jf k;fª\luPsf emØfn9f]sf ;lhnf kfg'{k5{ .

#(= cWoog ug{ / hfgsf/L a6'Ng ;xof]u

a'9Øf}nL Joj:yfkg;DaGwL 8s'd]G6/L, lkmNd, k':ts cflbsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg'k5{ . a'9Øf}nL;DaGwL lkmNd, syf, pkGof;, 8s'd]G6/L vf]lhlbg'k5{ . o;f] ePdf pgLx¿n] cfkm\gf] cj:yfsf] af/]df :ki6 ¿kdf lj1x¿sf /fo hfGg kfpg]5g\, / cfkm\gf] sfddf ;xhtf cfpg]5 . o;afx]s ?lrsf] If]qsf c¿ klg ;fdu|L b]vfpg, ;'gfpg ;lsG5 .

$)= n'uf w'g], ;'sfpg] :yfg

xfd|f 3/df n'uf ldl;g w'g] rng lgs} jif{cl3 lelqPsf] eP klg ldl;gn] ;'sfpg] rng lelqPsf] w]/} ePsf] 5}g . of] ;'ljwf Psbd} sd 3/df 5 . ctM n'uf wf]O;s]kl5 3fddf jf 5fofdf g;'sfO{ pkfo 5}g . n'uf w'g]–;'sfpg] :yfg a"9fa"9Lsf nflu ;xh kx'Frsf] x'g'k5{ . sf]xLsf]xL a"9fa"9L cfkm}F n'uf w'g, ;'sfpg / ;'s]sf n'uf Nofpg ;St}gg\ eg] Tof] sfd c¿n] 7Ls;Fu u/]sf] cfkm\g} cfFvfn] x]g{ rfxG5g\ . t/ o;f] ubf{ a"9fa"9L n8\g] vt/f ljrf/ u/L pko'St k|aGw ug'{k5{ .

$!= s]6fs]6L;Fu 3'nldn u/fpg]

j[4x¿ ;aeGbf ;lhnf] u/L s]6fs]6Lx¿;Fu 3'nldn x'G5g\ . t;y{ kl/jf/df ;fgf s]6fs6L 5g\ eg] j[4j[4fn] ltgLx¿;Fu ;do latfpg] jftfj/0f ldnfOlbg'kb{5 . kl/jf/df s]6fs]6L 5}gg\ t/ 6f]ndf s]6fs]6Lx¿ 5g\ eg] ltgnfO{ To; 3/df cfpg], a"9fa"9L;Fu ;do latfpg] jftfj/0f h'6fpg ;lsG5 . a"9fa"9LnfO{ s]6fs]6Lsf nflu rsn]6 jf ;fgfltgf pkxf/ lbg] jftfj/0f lbg'k5{ . s]6fs]6Lsf] gfd ofb ug{ ;3fpg'k5{ . ltgLx¿nfO{ af]nfpFbf gfd}n] af]nfpg ;3fpg'k5{ . pbfx/0fsf nflu ltgnfO{ kmnfgfsf] 5f]/f], 5f]/L cyjf h]7f], sfG5f] cflb k|of]u u/]sf] dg gkg{ ;S5 . o:tf ;fgf sfdn] j[4x¿sf] PSnf]kg x6fpg d2t k'U5 .

 

v= a"9fa"9Lsf] :ofxf/af6 kfOg] pknlAw

c= ;Gtltsf nflu

a"9fa"9Lsf] :ofxf/ hl6n sfd xf] . k|To]s a"9fa"9Lsf cfkm\g} l;4fGt, cg'ej / ?lr x'G5g\ . Ps a"9f jf a"9LnfO{ :ofxf/ ubf{sf] cg'ej csf]{ a"9f jf a"9Lsf] :ofxf/df x'–ax' nfu" x'Fb}g . To;}n] o; sfdnfO{ dxfg\, ;'Gb/, ;DdfGo / k'0osf] sfd elgPsf] xf] . lkt[;]jfnfO{ b]j;]jfeGbf dxŒj lbG5g\ xfd|f wd{zf:qn] . o; k[i7df a"9fa"9Lsf] :ofxf/ ug{] ;GtfgnfO{ s]s] kmfObf x'G5 t, x]/f}F M

!= lhpFbf Oltxf; M a"9fa"9Lx¿ lhpFbf Oltxf; x'g\ . cfkm\gf pgLx¿sf] ;ª\ut kfPdf aRrfn] Oltxf;, efiff, ;+:s[lt, ;Eotf, k/Dk/fsf] afh]ah}af6 ;xL 1fg kfpg ;S5g\ .

@= kl/jf/sf] OHht M a"9fa"9L ;fdflhs ultljlw, kfl/jfl/s hd36 / lax]a6'nfdf k'Ug rfxG5g\ . o:tf 3/df 6f9f6f9faf6 klg lgdGq0ff cfpF5 . o;af6 kl/jf/sf] lrghfg, klxrfg / OHht–;Ddfg a9\5 . kl/jf/ PlSng] x'g kfpFb}g .

pgLx¿ ePsf] 7fpFdf w]/} cfkmGtx¿ cfpg]–hfg] u5{g\ . ;Gtfgn] o;af6 ;fdflhstf, cg'zf;g, rl/q / w}o{ l;S5g\ . s]6fs]6Ln] cfkmGtx¿;Fu lrgf/L ug{], ukmufkm ug{] df}sf kfpF5g\ . o:tf] lrgfhfgL kl/jf/sf nflu cTofjZos x'G5 .

 

#= ;Gtfgsf] lzIff M w]/}h;f] a"9fa"9LnfO{ w]/}w]/} k'/fgf syf / sljtf s07:y x'G5 . gfgLafa"n] ltgsf] d'vaf6 cg]s syf, g}lts lzIff, sljtf / c¿ vfnsf 1fgu'gsf s'/f l;Sg kfpF5g\ .

a"9fa"9Ln] s]6fs]6Lsf] af]nLJojxf/, ;fy–;ª\ut / rfnrngdfly lgu/fgL ul//x]sf x'G5g\ . ltgn] unt sfds'/f ug{ k'u] eg] logLx¿n] ;dod} xf]l;of/ u/fpF5g\ . unt sfdsf] kl/0ffd s:tf] x'G5 w}o{ eP/ ;DemfP/ atfpF5g\ .

$= 3/]n' sfd / kfl/jfl/s k|]d M a"9fa"9Ln] s]6fs]6LnfO{ 3/ ;kmf /fVg, vfgf ksfpg, n'uf w'g–;'sfpg cflb cg]s ;Lk l;sfpF5g\ . oL ;Lkn] ;Gtltsf] hLjgnfO{ ;/n agfpF5g\ / kl/jf/sf ;b:oaLr k|]d tyf ljZjf; sfod /fV5g\ .

%= k|s[lt, kof{j/0f;Fu ;fdLKo M a"9fa"9Ln] hLjge/ k|s[lt;Fu glhs eP/ afFr], s]6fs]6LnfO{ pgLx¿n] k|s[lt, kof{j/0f, lbuf] ljsf; cflbaf/] a'emfpF5g\ . a"9fa"9Lsf sf/0f afnaflnsfn] kof{j/0fd}qL Jojxf/ ug{ l;S5g\ .

^= :jf:Yo, ;fdflhstf / cfkmGtsf] dxŒj M a"9fa"9Lx¿ TolQs} a"9fa"9L ePsf x'Fb}gg\ . pgLx¿ nfdf] hLjg afFr]/ a"9fa"9L ePsf x'g\ . s;/L :j:y /xg], s;/L gofF–gofF s'/f l;Sg], s;/L ;dfh / cfkmGtsf aLr 3'nldn x'g] cflb tl/sf pgLx¿af6 ;Gtltn] l;Sg ;lhnf] k5{ .

&= wd{, ;+:s[lt M a"9fa"9L ePsf] 3/df ;+:sf/, k/Dk/f, ;Eotf / wd{sf] jf; x'G5 . hxfF Ho]i7 gful/s v';L /xG5g\ ToxfF eujfg\ klg /dfP/ a:g'x'G5 .

*= 3/ ?Flulbg] M 3/df a"9fa"9L ePdf ;fgf 5f]/f5f]/L 3/}df pgLx¿sf] lhDdfdf 5f8]/ cGoq hfg kfOG5 . cfkm" l/Qf] eP/ sfddf hfg ;lsG5 clg tLyf{6g, e|d0f cflb klg ug{ ;lsG5 .

 

cf= :ofxf/stf{sf nflu

a"9fa"9Lsf] :ofxf/df ;xof]uLsf] ¿kdf sfd ug{] :ofxf/stf{sf nflu x'g] kmfObfsf] klg ;"rL agfcf}F–

!= ;lhnf] k];f M Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ;]jfsf nflu ljz]if tflnd jf z}lIfs l8u|L cfjZos kb{}g . of] sfd ;lhnf] 5, cfkm\gf] ?lr o;df 5 eg] /dfpg klg ;lsG5 .

@= tna / k'/:sf/ M sfd u/]afkt tna kfOxflnG5 . sltko Ho]i7 gful/sn] v';L x'Fbf uxgf, sk8f, Sofd/f, 38L, df]afOn kmf]g, kmlg{r/, k':ts cflb pkxf/ lbG5g\ . slxn] cfkm";Fu} ofqfdf nU5g\ . To;sf] cfly{s d"No klg 7"n} x'G5 .

#= kx'Frdf j[l4 M Ho]i7 gful/sx¿ hLjgsf] bf}8df cg]s lhDd]bf/L, cf]xf]bf jf Joj;foaf6 yfs]/ la;fpg cfPsf x'G5g\ . logLx¿sf] ;fdflhs, /fhgLlts tyf sd{rf/L oGqdf 7"nf] kx'Fr x'G5 . pgLx¿sf] ;]jf ubf{ o:tf kx'Frjfnfx¿;Fu klg ;Dks{ aG5 . g]kfnh:tf b]zdf ‘7"nf’x¿sf] eg;'gsf] 7"nf] cy{ 5 .

$= ;Gt'li6 M a"9fa"9Lx¿ tLy{ x'g\ . pgLx¿sf] bz{gdfqn] k'0o ldN5 eg] ltgsf] ;]jf u/]df emg\ w]/} k'0o sdfOG5 . d}n] Odfgbf/Lk"j{s ;]jf u/]F eGg] ;Gt'li6 ldN5 . dg{] a]nfdf ltgn] cflzif lbG5g\ . To:tf] cflzif nfU5 .

 

))))

 

;fGble{s ;fdu|Lx¿

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