दक्षिणी भारतको यात्रा
(यात्रा डायरी २०८०)
दिनेश kf}8]n
!= ofqfsf] kl/sNkgf
jf e"ldsf
rËf lrQ 5Fb}
pd]/ /xFb} k};f 5Fb} xftdf
Joflwn]
g5'Fb} / cfo' /xFb} au{t\ 5Fb} ufydf .
cfˆg"
>]o x'g] kl5 ;'v x'g] wGwf l5gLxfn x}
cfu\nfuL
3/df ePkl5 s'jf vGbf x'g]5}g x} ..
kl08t huGgfy zdf{ u'/fuf`Ln] cfˆgf] s[lt ‘u'0f/Tgdfnf’df o;f] eg]sf 5g\
. dflg;n] z/L/df km't©, ;fydf k};f, z/L/df lg/f]lutf, hLpdf an / pd]/ 5Fb}
cfˆgf] OHht x'g] / d/]kl5 klg ;Ddfg ldNg] sfd ul/xfNg'k5{ . cfkm"n] ;do
5Fb} cfˆgf OR5f, /x/ / sfdgfx¿ k"/f ul/xfNg'k5{ . ;fdfGo b}lgs hLjg
afFRtfafFRt} pd]/ 3ls{xfn]df kl5 k5'tfpg'sf] cy{ 5}g .
k};f h'6Øf] jf sdfpg ;lsof] eg] w]/}h;f] g]kfnLn] ;x/df 7"nf] 3/,
hUuf–hldg, dxFuf 3/]n' ;fdfg, kmlg{r/, sk8f, u/uxgf cflb lsGgdf vr{ u5{g\ . d
7fG5', o:tf s'/fn] dflg;sf] ;fdflhs x}l;ot a9\5 . p;sf] cfTd;Ddfgdf ;'wf/ cfpF5
. t/ o:tf sfds'/fn] ;Gt'li6, ;'v / ;DklQsf] pkof]lutf Psbd 5f]6f] cjlwsf nflu
dfq /xG5 . ctM xfdLn] bfgwd{, tLy{at{, s[ltsf] /rgf / k|sfzg, ofqf–e|d0f jf
h]df dg /dfpF5 Tof] ul/xfNg'k5{ .
w]/}h;f] dflg; clns kl5 u¿Fnf, a'9\of}nL nfUg yfn]kl5 u¿Fnf eGb}df h'gL
lat]sf] kQ} kfpFb}gg\ . kl5 u¿Fnf eGg] efjgfs} sf/0f xfdL w]/} sfd ug{ g;sL dg{
k'U5f}F .
blÔ0f ef/tsf] ofqfsf nflu d}n] @)&^ ;fnsf] h]7lt/ of]hgf agfPsf]
lyPF . ;f]xL jif{ b;}Fltxf/sf] 5'§Ldf blÔ0f ef/tsf] c6\7fO;lbg] ofqfsf]
kl/sNkgf u/]sf] lyPF . kl/sNkgf dfq klg geg"F, lj:t[t e|d0f–of]hgf g}
agfPsf] lyPF . sxfF–sxfF hfg], slt lbg 3'Dg], s;/L / s'g ldltdf k'Ug] ;a}yf]s
OG6/g]6sf] ;xfotfdf tof/ u/]sf] lyPF . t/ ;fpglt/ ha l6s6 sf6\g] a]nf eof]
s;}n] ;fy lbg] 5fF6 b]lvPg . h;–h;n] ;fy lbpFnf eg]sf lyP tL klg ;do;Fu} kl5
x6]/ uP . ltgsf] k|fyldstf ablnof] . slt t ´g\ l6s6 sf6\g] a]nfdf dfq kl5
xl6lbP . ofq'6f]nLdf xfdL b'O{dfq afFsL x'g] a'´]kl5 >LdtLhLn] klg ghfcf}F
eg]/ l9kL s:g kfOg\ .
æo;kfln st} ghfcf}F . xfd|f] 3/ Psbd k'/fgf] b]lvg yfNof] . o;f] e'OFdf
dfa{n, 6fOn cflb la5\ofcf}F . efG;f / afy?dsf] klg :j¿k kl/jt{g u/L gofF agfcf}F
. c¿x¿sf x]/L xfd|f] 3/ Psbd g/fd|f] b]lvG5 . p;a]nf h;f]t;f] cf]t eP eOxfNof]
eg]/ agfOof], ca of] Psbd la¿k nfUb} 5 . s]xL u/f}F .Æ
pgsf] cfu|x d}n] :jLsf/ u/]F . kltkTgLaLr ;s];Dd a9L s'/fdf ;dembf/L /
;Demf}tf x'g'k5{ . hlt ;lsG5 cfkm"n] xfg'{k5{ .
To; jif{sf] b;}F 5'§Ldf xfdLn] 3/ dd{t u¥of}F . 3/sf] ;f}Gbo{s/0fdf /sd
vr{ eof], ofqf ylGsof] . To;kl5 t sf]/f]gf cfOxfNof] . sf]le8–!( n] ;a}yf]s aGb
ul/lbof] . nfdf] ;do;Dd ofqfsf] kl/sNkgf ug{ ldn]g . ofqfdf pgL plt /dfpFlbgg\,
a? 3/}df cfgGb;Fu a:g'df pgsf] lrQ ;xh dfGb5 . sf]/f]gfn] dleq a;]sf] ofq'nfO{
3/}df y'Gof] . ofqfdf hfg'kbf{ x'g] pgsf] tgfj sd eof] .
clg kl5 clns 5f]6f5f]6f ofqfdf /dfpg] sf]l;; ul//x]F . @)&( ;fnsf]
ltxf/kl5 klg db]; k|b]zsf] PsxKt] Psn ofqf u/]F . ;f]xL ;fnsf] r}tdf klt–kTgLn]
xl:tgfk'/, d]/7, k/LlÔtu9, s'?Ô]q, cd[t;/ / j}i0ff]b]jLsf] t]x|lbg] ofqf ug{]
eof}F . o; ofqfdf cfsfz HjfOF, cfo'if gflt / cfz' gfltgL ;xefuL eOlbP . ofqf
;kmn / ;'vb eof] . hLjgdf ;Demg nfos ofqfdWo] of] klg Ps eof] .
3/ kms]{sf] s]xL
lbgkl5 dnfO{ d]/f ldq d"nrGb| tf]d/n] clnu9df af]nfP, pgsf sfG5f efO
/fhs'df/ tf]d/sf] ljjfxdf . lbNnLg]/sf] ;x/ clnu9 tfnfsf nflu ljZje/ gfd'b 5 .
d"nrGb| tf]d/x¿ /fhk"t /fh–vfgbfgsf /x]5g\ . /fh–vfgbfgsf] ;fg;f}st /
vr{ b]v]/ d rlst k/]sf] lyPF .
To; cj;/df
dËnfotg tLy{wfd / z]vf kÔL ceof/0osf] dxŒjk"0f{ cWoog–cjnf]sg e|d0f ug{
kfPF . sf;uGh hGtL uOof] . d pt}pt} ;f]/f]+ -z"s/Ô]q cyf{t\ j/fxÔ]q_ bz{g
ug{ uPF . g]kfnsf dNn /fhfx¿n] agfPsf] ljzfn j/fxdlGb/ ToxLF 5 .
clnu9af6 glhs}sf] ufpF ;xf/gk'/df a:5 of] tf]d/ /fhk"t kl/jf/ . d
Ps xKtfsf nflu uPsf] lyPF, cg]s :jflbnf / lk|o cg'ej a6'Ng kfOof] . ef/tLo hghLjgnfO{
Psbd glhsaf6 lrGg, cg'ej ug{ / ef/tLotf s] xf] eGg] s'/f hfGg of] d]/f nflu
;':jfb' cj;/ eof] .
/foa/]nLsf Ps hgf l/6fo8{ 8fS6/n] d k'u]sf] ;fF´df d]/f] kf]if0f tyf
dfgjz/L/–lj1fgk|ltsf] ?lr b]v]/ eg]– ætkfO{F t gg–d]l8sn d]l8sn PS;k6{ kf]
x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 ÛÆ
ef]lnkN6 d]/f] h}g wd{k|ltsf] ?lr / cWoog b]v]/ pgn] dnfO{ æu'?b]jÆ eGg
yfn] . >Ldèfujt uLtf, cWofTd/fdfo0f, cÓfjj|m uLtf, x+;uLtf, kf08juLtf
nufotsf ljleGg cf7 cfWoflTds wfld{s k':tsx¿ ;+:s[taf6 g]kfnLdf / Ps cGo wfld{s
k':ts lxGbLaf6 g]kfnLdf cg'jfb u/]sf] 5' eg]sf] ;'g]kl5 ltgsf] dk|ltsf] ;Ddfg
c´ a9]/ uof] .
;Ddfg / k|z+;fdf g/dfpg] sf] x'G5 <
clg lax]3/df rxnkxn ;'? eof] . Pshgf o'jtLdfly d]/f gh/ k/] . ltgL
x]bf{ cln /f]ufPh:tL b]lvlGyg\ . kx]FnL / sdhf]/ nflUyg\ . sDd/df 7"nf]
k]6L afFw]h:tf] b]lvof] . ltgsf cfFvfdf o'jtL;'ne rkntf sd lyof] . t/ tL
cfFvfdf Psvfn] cfTdljZjf; / rds lyof] . ltgnfO{ df}sf ldNgf;fy ;f]w]F– ætkfO{F
lzÔs x'g'x'G5 <Æ
ltgL rlst kl/g\ . pgn] elgg\– æxf] t Û s;/L yfxf kfpg'ef] <Æ
d}n] eg]F– ælzÔssf] jl/kl/ Psvfn] pHofnf] x'G5 . To;nfO{ cª\u|]hLdf
Xofnf] elgG5, lxGbLdf ;fob cfef elgG5, d hflGbgF . tkfO{Fsf jl/kl/ ToxL Xofnf]
cyf{t\ cfef–rds b]v]/ eg]sf] .Æ
æk]6L afFw]sf] slt ef] lg <Æ d}n] ltgnfO{ ;f]w]F .
k]6L afFw]sf] s'/f s;}n] yfxf gkfcf];\ eg]/ ltgL ljz]if ;ts{ /lx5g\ .
ltgL 5Ss kl/g\ . pgn] elgg\– æ8]9 jif{ eof] . s;/L yfxf kfpg'ef] lg <Æ
ælgx'l/g] tl/sfaf6 . xftn] cf8 u/]sf] b]v]F .Æ
æP–P .Æ pgn] elgg\ .
æsxfF k9fpg'x'G5 <Æ
æa/]nLsf] ;/sf/L :s'ndf k9fpFy]F . sDd/sf] la/fdL eP/ labfdf lyPF, 8]9
jif{b]lv . ca t'?Gt HjfOg ug'{ 5 . otf xl:tgfk'/lt/ . xl:tgfk'/ tkfO{FnfO{ yfxf
5 <Æ
æs] yfxf gx'g' Û xl:tgfk'/sf] gfd g;'Gg] t sf] xf]nf / <Æ d}n] eg]F
.
æP–P . xl:tgfk'/g]/sf] Pp6f :s'ndf HjfOg ug'{ 5 . ev{/} ;?jf ePsf] 5 .
d Totflt/ k'u]s} 5}g . t/ ca uOxfNg' 5 .Æ
æxl:tgfk'/df sxfF <Æ
æxl:tgfk'/sf s'g–s'g 7fpF yfxf 5 tkfO{FnfO{ <Æ
æd xl:tgfk'/ k'u]sf] 5' . u0f]zk'/, k/LlÔt u9=====.Æ d af]Nb} lyPF,
ltgn] sfl6g\ .
æxf]–xf] . k/LlÔtu9 / xl:tgfk'/sf] aLrdf 5 d}n] k9fpg] :s'n .Æ
ædjfgfdf <Æ
æxf] . djfgfsf] k|fOd/L :s'ndf . d zf/Ll/s ckfËtf ePsf afnaflnsf
k9fpF5' .Æ pgL rlst x'Fb} af]lng\ . olt eg]/ ptf ltgL dlxnfx¿sf] ´'G8df kl;g\ .
ænf} x]/, of] dflg;n] ;f/f OlG8of 3'd]sf] /x]5 . djfgf;d]t hfGbf] /x]5
ÛÆ xft xNnfO{xNnfO{ c¿ dlxnfx¿nfO{ dlt/ b]vfP/ ltgL s/fOg\ . ev{/} Totf uP/
cfPsf] d, d}n] hfGg' gf}nf] t lyPg t/ ltgL rlst k/]sL lyOg\ .
dnfO{ lgb'nLsf] syfsf] ofb cfof] . o; nf]ssyfdf lgb'nLn] ;;'/fnL k'Ubf
;f;"n] /f]6L ksfPsf] ‰jfOF‰jfOF cfjfh ug]/ slt /f]6L kfs]sf 5g\ yfxf
kfPsf] lyof] .
e/] ;f;"n] rf/j6f /f]6L kl:sg\ . p;n] eGof]–
/f]6L kfs] Ps aL;
rf/
HjfOFsf efudf
dfq} rf/ <
;f;"n] cfkm"n] ksfPsf /f]6L ulg5g\ . ;fFRr} g} /f]6L Ps aL;
rf/j6f ksfPsL /lx5g\ ltgn] . pgn] cfkm\gf HjfOF cToGt hfGg] hf]ltifL /x]5g\
eg]/ xNnf ul/g\ . Pp6f wf]aLsf] uwf x/fPsf] /x]5 . pm lgb'nL eP7fpF cfof] .
æx] Hof]ltifL dxf/fh Û d]/f] uwf x/fof]
. rf/ lbg eof] . vf]h]sf] vf]h]s} 5' . g d/]sf] e]l6G5, g lhpFbf] .
rf]/L kf] ePsf] xf] ls, sxfF 5 kQf nfOlbg'k¥of] ÛÆ
lgb'nLn] laxfg} lb;f ug{ uPsf] a]nf pv'af/Ldf wf]aLsf] Tof] uwf b]v]sf]
/x]5 . p;n] eGof]– æcfkm\g} gªn] sf]6\ofP/ lgsfn]sf gf}j6f ;Unf rfdn b]pm .Æ
wf]aLn] rfdn lbof] . p;n] tL rfdn Pp6f ems{] yfndf gf}lt/ ldnfP/ /fVof]
. clg u0fgf u/]h:tf] u¥of] . otfsf] rfdn ptf ;f/]/ s]xL dGq eg]em}F klg u¥of] .
cGTodf p;n] eGof]– æltd|f] uwf oxfFaf6 cfwf sf]; k/ pv'af/Ldf 5 . uOxfn . s;}n]
rf]/]/ ToxfF pv'af/Ldf n'sfPsf] 5 .Æ
wf]aLsf] uwf kQf nfOlbPkl5 p;nfO{ dflg;x¿n] hfGg] Hof]ltifL elglbP . p;sf]
rrf{ Jofks eOxfNof], Pssfg b'O{sfg d}bfg eg]em}F .
ToxL ;dodf /fhfsf] 3/df uxgf rf]/L ePsf] /x]5 . hfGg] Hof]ltifL eg]/
p;nfO{ af]nfx6 eof] . gfOF eGg s;/L ;sf];\ lar/f, dgdf hlt;'s} 8/ eP klg pm
b/af/df uof] .
rf]l/Psf] uxgf s;/L kQf] nfpg], pm 7"nf] ;Í6df k/]sf] lyof] . pm
/fhb/af/sf] cf/fdbfoL kfx'gfsÔdf /fte/ lgbfpg ;s]g . rf]l/Psf] uxgf kQf nfu]g
eg] Hof]ltifL ePsf] gf6s u/]sfdf p;nfO{ d[To'b08;Dd lbOg;SYof] .
laxfg ePkl5 pm PSn} aa{/fof] M
/f]6L ugL ugL
h};L sxfPF
wf]aLsf] uwf
pv'af/L kfPF
ca cfof] lgb'nL
t]/f] sfn ==.
;+of]ujz b/af/df sfd ug]{ Pp6L dlxnfsf] gfd klg lgb'nL /x]5 . Tof] dlxnf
Hof]ltifLsf] lrof] ub}{ /lx5 . p;n] Hof]ltifLn] aa{/fPsf] ;'lgxfnL . pm cflQFb}
cfP/ Hof]ltifLsf kfpdf k/L– æx] ;j{1 k|e' Û Hofg as; kfpmF . l9sLg]/sf] e';df
n'sfPsL 5' .Æ
Hof]ltifL ag]sf] lgb'nLn] To;nfO{ arfpg] jrg lbof] . ha srx/L nfUof],
p;n] ;a}sf ;fd' eGof]– æTof] uxgf l9sLg]/sf] e';df ufl8Psf] x'g'k5{ .Æ
uP/ x]bf{ uxgf t ToxLF k'l/Psf] Û
d klg Tof] lgb'nL Hof]ltifL eP´}F hfGg] ePsf] lyPF clnu9g]/sf] ;'Gb/
ufpF ;xf/gk'/sf] o; ljzfn ljjfx dxf]T;jdf gf/L–k'?ifsf aLr, djfgf sxfF k5{ eGg]
hfg]/ .
kl5 xfdL z]vf kÔL ceof/0o uof}F . ToxfFsf r/fsf hflt–k|hflt, ltgsf]
:jefj, ?lr, hLjgL ;a} ljj/0f hfg]sf] b]v]/ ToxfFsL kÔL ljz]if1 sd{rf/Ln]
;f]lwg\– ætkfO{F clg{yf]nlh:6 x'g'ef] <Æ
stfsf] r/flj1 x'g' d Û 3/d} x'Fbf o;f] ?lr nfu]/ clnslt OG6/g]6df
hfgsf/L vf]h]sf] dfq lyPF . of] 7fpF cfpg'cl3 km]l/ OG6/g]6df yk vf]hLlgtL
u/]sf] lyPF . d}n] eg]F– æcfxf Û of] t 7"nf] ;Ddfg eof] d]/f nflu . t/ d
r/flj1 x}g . d t g]kfnsf] Pp6f :s'ndf cª\u|]hL efiff k9fpg] lzÔs x'F . ev{/}
l/6fo/ ePsf] .Æ
d]/f] r/f;DaGwL ?lr b]v]/ ltgn] xfdLnfO{ Ps 306f;Dd ;fy lbOg\ . cGTodf
pgn] elgg\– æo; :yfgsf] af/]df / oL r/fsf] af/]df d}n] tkfO{FnfO{ yk ;"rgf
s]xL lbg kfOgF ÛÆ
d xfF;]F .
d}n] ;fOa]l/og r/f, l;ds'v'/f, hnxfF; cflbsf] af/]df ofq'6f]nLsf
;b:onfO{ atfPsf] b]v]/ ltgL rlst lyOg\ . d}n] pgnfO{ Ps hftsf] l;ds'v'/fsf]
af/]df atfPF– æx]gf]{;\, oxfF kfOg] Ps hftsf] l;ds'v'/f] g]kfnsf] /flÓ«o r/f]
8fFkm]h:t} 5 . 8fFkm], cyf{t\ nf]kmf]kmf]/; . vfln o;sf] sNsL 5}g .Æ
Ps}l5gdf xfdL l;ds'v'/fx¿ ePsf] 7fpFdf k'Uof}F . d}n] kl/ro lbPsf]
l;ds'v'/f] b]lvof] . Tof] b]vfpFb} eg]F– æp M ToxL xf] clu d}n] s'/f u/]sf]
r/f] .Æ
pgL dl;t 8fFkm]sf] af/]df a'‰g rfxlGyg\ .
ænf}, ca cfkt\ eof] dnfO{ . d t 8fFkm]sf] af/]df vf;} s]xL hflGbgF kf]
t .Æ d}n] ;To eg]F . lkmg]{ a]nfdf ltgn] ;/sf/L clkm;df af]nfP/ ;/sf/L lrof
v'jfP/ dfq labf ul/g\ . oxfF klg d lgb'nL aGg ;kmn ePF .
?lr x'g'df dhf 5 .
of] ;a s'/f @)*) ;fn j}zfvsf] xf] . clg kl5 h]7df sfdljz]ifn] sf7df8f}F
hfFbf bf]nvf / rl/sf]6 tyf /fd]5fksf] ;}k' ofqf ug{ kfPF . bf]nvf eLd]Zj/ /
rl/sf]6sf] ofqfdf bf]nvfsf slj ldq 8Da/ rf}FnfufO{sf] 7"nf] ;fy;xof]u /àf]
. 8Da/hL ;lj|mo / anzfnL slj x'g'x'G5 . pxfFn] dnfO{ rl/sf]6 / bf]nvfsf
d7dlGb/, ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿, k':tsfno, SofDk;, v]nd}bfg, Jofkfl/s
k|lti7fg cflb ;alt/ 8'nfpg'eof] . of] u'g d}n] slxNo} la;{g'x'Fb}g .
To;kl5 /fd]5fksf] dGynLaf6 ;}k' hfg kfPF . d]/f b; k':tfcl3sf
ClifkfWofn] hok|sfz dNnaf6 latf{ kfPsf] e"ld xf] ;}k' . d tLg lbg ToxfF
a;]F . a;]F klg s] eGg], cjnf]sg e|d0f / e]63f6df Jo:t ePF . lnv'–tfdfsf];L
ufpFkflnsf j8f g+ @ sf j8fWoÔ ;Gtf]if kf}8]n gftfn] d]/f sfsf kg]{ x'g'x'Fbf]
/x]5 . pxfFn] ;a}lt/ 8'nfpg'eof] .
v';L eP/ 3/ kms]{F .
clg blÔ0f ef/tsf] ofqf ug]{ dg hfu]/ cfof] . oltsf jif{;Dd bldt /x]sf]
OR5f anzfnL eP/ dnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ yfNof] . 3/df ePsf ;fgf gflt–gfltgfsf]
5'6\6Lsf] ;do gkf/L ofqf ug'{ x'Fb}gYof] . b;}F–ltxf/sf] 5'6\6Ldf pgLx¿
cfkm\gf] 3/ hfg] ePsfn] ;f]xL ;dodf xfdL e|d0fdf lg:sg' 7Ls x'GYof] . ;Ltfsf]
:s'n klg b;}F / ltxf/sf] 5'6\6Ldf nfdf] labf x'g] ePsf] lyof], nueu k}FtL; lbg
. d}n] pgGtL;–tL; lbgsf] of]hgf agfpg' 7Ls x'GYof] . o;eGbf 5f]6f] ofqf ug'{
eg]sf] 6«]g / a;df bf}l8g'dfq x'g] lyof] . ctM d clns ;do lbP/} blIf0f ef/t
3'Dg rfxGy]F, / ;a} lx;fan] x]bf{ b;}F–ltxf/sf] 5'6\6L pko'St lyof] .
t/ c7f;L jif{ k'Ug'ePsL cfdfsf xftsf 6Lsf nTofP/ lxF8\g' sd kL8fbfoL
x'g]jfnf lyPg . p;}u/L rf/ lbbLalxgLsf xftsf] ltxf/sf] 6Lsf–dfnf klg 5f8\g dg
tof/ eOxfn]sf] lyPg . t/ ;f]r]F– æb'j} xftdf n8\8' s;n] kfpF5 / <Æ
km];a'sdf Pp6f u|'k 5 M sfzLgfysf ;Gtfgx¿sf] . xfd|f 3/tkm{sf kfFr efO
xh'/afx¿sf ;Gtfgsf] aLrdf ;Dks{ / ;DaGwsf] ljsf; ug{sf nflu of] u|'k agfPsf
xf}F . To; u'|kdf d}n] d];]h n]v]F M æblIf0f ef/tsf] @* lbgsf] ofqfdf hfg OR5's
sf]xL x'g'x'G5 eg] kl;{leqdf dnfO{ ;Dks{ /fVg'xf]nf, 6«]gsf] l6s6 clxNo}
sf6\g'kg]{ x'G5 .Æ
æsflt{ssf nflu l6s6 ;fpgd} sf6\g'kg]{ <Æ uf}/fbxaf6 kLtfDa/ bfh'n]
d];]h ug'{eof] .
æxh'/ . ;fpgd} sfl6Pg eg] kl5 l6s6 kfOFb}g .Æ d}n] hafkm n]v]F .
æb;}F / ltxf/ 5f8]/ t sf] hfnf / <Æ pxfFn] n]Vg'eof] .
æTof] t xf], t/ xfdLl;t c¿ ljsNk 5}g . c¿ a]nfdf hfgsf nflu xfdLnfO{
;xh x'Fb}g .Æ d}n] hafkmdf n]v]F . To;kl5 pxfFn] yk k|Zg ug'{ePg, c¿ s;}n] t
emg\ PskN6 klg s'/f s] xf] eg]/ ;f]w]g .
w]/} ;f]rljrf/ u/]kl5 o;kN6sf] b;}F–ltxf/ dfof df/]/ ofqf g} /f]Hg] ePF
d . ;fyLefO, bfh'–sfsf, efOx¿ / c¿ cfkmGtnfO{ km]l/ klg d];]Gh/sf] u|'kdf :ki6
kf/]/ cfkm\gf] ofqf of]hgf ;'gfPF, tf ls s;} g s;}sf] ;fy kfOof];\ . t/ b;}Fsf]
rf8af8 Tofu]/ xfdL;Fu ofqfdf ;fy lbg] sf] lg:sGYof] /, s;}n] ;sf/fTds pQ/ lbPg
. xfdL b'O{dfq eP klg hfg'knf{ eG7fg]/ of]hgf a'Gg yfn]F .
;fpg @* ut] ef/t clnu9sf efO d"nrGb| tf]d/nfO{ xfdLnfO{ rflxg]
6«]gsf] l6s6sf nflu eg]F . xfdL b'O{ hgfsf] 7Ls7Ls ljj/0f, rflxg] 6«]gsf] gDa/
cflb ;a} n]v]/ k7fPF .
ef]lnkN6 lbpF;f] d sDKo'6/df s]–s] u/]/ al;/x]sf] lyPF, o'j/fh bfh'sf]
kmf]g cfof] .
æefO, d];]hsf] s'/f s] xf] < slxn] hfg] /] blIf0f ef/t <Æ
æb;}F / ltxf/sf] ;do kf/]/ .Æ d}n] eg]F .
ærf8af8sf] a]nf, oqf] rf8 g} dfof dfg]{ / <Æ
æc¿ ljsNk g} 5}g bfh' .Æ d}n] pbf; :j/df eg]F .
bfh'sf] ?lr b]v]/ d}n] clns lj:t[tdf ofqf of]hgf ;'gfPF .
æPsl5g x} t . d efph";Fu s'/f u5'{ .Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
Ps}l5gdf bfh' / efph" d];]Gh/df b]vf kg'{eof] .
æhfg] . o;kfln d]/f b;}F–ltxf/ 5}gg\ . hfg] .Æ efph"n] eGg'eof] .
pxfFsf a'afsf] b]xfGt ePsfn] o; ;fn b;}Fltxf/ gdfGg] x'g'x'GYof] pxfF . o'j/fh
bfh' / d]g'sf efph"n] ;fy lbg] ePkl5 s] rflxof] / dnfO{ < d sDKo'6/df
a;]/ hfg] nlÔt :yfg / ltgsf] af/]df clns a9L cWoog ug{ yflnxfn]F .
o;kflnsf nflu 3/b]lv 3/;Ddsf] xfd|f] ofqfdfu{ o:tf] aGof] M O6x/L–Pgh]kL–lt?jgGtk'/d\–sGofs'df/L–db'/}–/fd]Zj/d\–lt?lr/fkNnL–a}ª\Un'?–d};'?–>L/ª\uk6gf–ljNnf]/–sf~rLk'/d\–dxfanLk'/d\–r]GgO{–lt?klt–>Lsfnx:tL–wd{j/d\–k'6\6ktL{–a}ª\Un'?–Pgh]kL–O6x/L
.
ebf}sf] klxnf] xKtfd} d"nrGb| efOsf] ;xof]udf sl6xf/sf] Pshgf
Ph]G6n] l6s6 sfl6lbof] . ef/tLo l;d klg d"nrGb|n] g} k7fOlbP . o;k6ssf]
ofqf cem ;xh x'g] eof] .
clg lbg uGtL ;'? eof] .
ebf} dlxgf klg laTof] . c;f]h nfUof] . d]/f] ;DkfbsLo Jo:ttf c;f]hdf
cem a9L x'G5 . o; jif{ klg a9L g} Jo:t ePF ;DkfbsLo sfddf . ;'gLn emfsf]
cfTdsxfgL æ:jb]zsf] kL/, ljb]zsf] kL8fÆ df s]xL sfd afFsL lyof], s]zj bfxfn
ldqsf] dxfsfJo æg]kfnbk{0fÆsf] clGtd sfd klg ;lsxfNg' lyof] . oL b'O{
lstfaafx]s klg c¿ ;fgfltgf sfd afFsL lyP . xtf/xtf/ ;a}yf]s ;s]F .
;Ltf o; ofqfdf hfg k6Ss} OR5's lyOgg\ . Ps t ef/tLo e"lddf ul/g]
/]nofqf pgsf] c?lrsf] ljifo xf], csf]{, of] Psbd nfdf] ofqf lyof] .
æ>LdtL glnO{ ul/Psf] tLy{at{, ;/fb–k"hf s'g}sf] klg kmn ldNb}g
eG5g\ xfd|f wd{zf:qx¿ . ltdLnfO{ glnO{ t d hfGgF .Æ d}n] lnPsf] c8\8Lsf cufl8
pgsf] dfofn' dg kUNof] . o;kN6 pgL ofqfsf] ljifodf lgs} ;sf/fTds b]lvOg\ .
ælbbL–legfh' hfFbf xfdL klg hfg kfP x'GYof] lg . t/ 3/ 5f8\g ;lsFb}g .Æ
;fnLalxgL dLgfn] Ps lbg u|'k d];]Gh/ sndf elgg\ .
æTo} t . To} t . kf]xf]/–k/f/ klg hfg ;lsPg, l6s6} v]/ uof] .Æ g/]Gb|n]
eg] .
ækfFr lsnf]hlt ds}–e6df;, ux'F–rgf ld;fP/ e'6]sf 5f}F . oltn] k'U5 lg
<Æ 6ª\sf lbbLn] eGg'eof] . df]/ªsf] l;h'jfdf pgsf] dfOtL / lbbLsf] 3/ 5 .
pxfFx¿n] ds}–e6df;, rgf–ux'F cflb e'6]/ l7Ss kf/L k7fOlbg'eof] .
l5d]sL s[i0faxfb'/ a:g]tsf] 3/df ;fgf] ldn 5, ;Ltfn] uP/ Tof]
lk;fOdflug\ . ca rf/kfFr lsnf]u|fd ;ft'sf] klg aGbf]a:t eof] . af6fdf vfgfsf]
aGbf]a:t gx'Fbf dfq xf]Og, 6]«gdf ePsf] a]nf x/]s lbg laxfgsf] vfhfsf nflu klg
of] ;ft' ;xL vfg]s'/f x'g]5 .
æhfg] ePkl5 ====.Æ ;ft' lk;fPkl5 ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
clg cfjZos ef/tLo k};f h'6fof}F . lehf sf8{ 5Fb} lyof], cfjZostfcg';f/
pt} ef/tLo /sd lemSg' ;'/lIft x'GYof] . xhf/f}F ?lkofF af]s]/ 6«]gdf ofqf u/]/
cgfjZos hf]lvd df]Ng d rfxGgy]F .
ænf} x]/ xfd|f] ofqf of]hgf .Æ d}n] ofqf of]hgfsf] lj:t[t / k"0f{
ljj/0f kL8LPkm agfP/ 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ k7fPF . hfg] :yfg, x]g'{kg]{ d7dlGb/, b/af/,
lsNnf, v08x/, tfn, ;d'b|, kfs{, lrl8ofvfgf, ahf/ cflb ;a} ljj/0f n]vL k7fPF .
cGTodf of] ofqf aQL; lbgsf] x'g] to ePsf] lyof] .
æcft] / hft]rflxF Kn]gdf ug"{ . 6«]gdf dfd"nfO{ w]/} b'Mv
x'G5 .Æ ;fgL 5f]/L cg'hfsf] cfu|x cfof] .
æb'O{ lbgdf 6«]gdf k'lug] af6fsf] ef8f b'O{ hgfsf] rfnL; xhf/ g]? nfU5
. 6«]gdf uP 5 xhf/ klg nfUb}g . xfdL b'O{ hgfn] b'Mv u/]/ tLg lbgdf rf}FtL;
xhf/hlt arfpg ;Sg]5f}F . sdfpg eGbf arfpg sl7g 5, To} klg tLg lbgdf rf}FtL;
xhf/ ?lkofF arfpg ;Sg' t w]/} 7"nf] s'/f xf] xfd|f nflu . ctM 6«]gd}
cfpg]–hfg] .Æ d}n] cfkm\gf] of]hgfsf] arfpdf eg]F . d]/f] ts{ p;nfO{ lrQ ga'em]
klg pm r'k nfuL .
æoqf] Ps dlxgfeGbf nfdf] ofqfsf] ah]6 t b'O{ nfv ?lkofF klg 5}g t, k'U5
<Æ 7"nL 5f]/L k"hfn] ah]6dfly zª\sf u/L .
æk'Unf, gk'u] yk /sd a}ª\sdf 5Fb} 5 .Æ d}n] cfZj:t kfb}{ eg]F .
æ======== .Æ k"hf r'k eO{ . cg'hfnfO{ rflxF ;LtfnfO{ 6«]gofqf sl7g
nfUg] lrGtfn] ;tfO/x]sf] lyof] .
æP6LPd af]Sg'kl/xfN5, oxLFaf6 ;a} gub af]Sg] s'/f cfPg .Æ d}n] yk eg]F
.
æyk /sd slt 5 lg <Æ cg'hfn] ;f]wL .
æ5, kof{Kt 5 . 8/ 5}g . lrGtf gu/\ .Æ d}n] p;nfO{ klg cfZj:t kfg{
sf]l;; u/]F .
cfdfsf] cfzLjf{b / 6Lsf yfKof}F . sfFs8le6\6f a; .
6]S;L r9]/ Pgh]kL . 6«]g kv{g' . 6«]g oyf;dodf cfOk'Uof] . r9\of}F . d';ndfg
efO . /dfOnf] ofqf .
t];|f] lbg, !* cS6f]a/, xf]6n
sf]l8lon, lt?jgGtk'/d\ .
xfdL lt?jgGtk'/d\df cfOk'Ubf a]n'sfsf] P3f/ alh;s]sf] lyof] .
Kn]6kmfd{af6 cfkm\gf emf]nfem\ofD6f;lxt aflx/ lg:Sof}F . 6«]gaf6 pq]kl5 klxnf]
sfd sf]7fsf] aGbf]a:t ug'{ lyof] . /]nj] Kn]6kmfd{af6 lxF8]/} j/k/ sf]7f
vf]Hgsf nflu u'un Dofkdf b]lvPsf xf]6n stf 5g\ ;fOgaf]8{ x]g{ yfNof}F . glhs}sf
xf]6ndf jf; a:g' 7Ls x'GYof] . a; :6fG8s} 5]psf] Pp6f xf]6n b]lvof] . glhs}
a;x¿ cl8Psf lyP . otflt/ a;kfs{nfO{ a; :6fG8 eGbf /x]5g\ . xfdLlt/ a; :6]G8
elgg] :yfgnfO{ rflxF a; :6k eGbf /x]5g\ .
d}n] xf]6nsf] u]6 6ª6ª kf/]/ ahfPF .
Pp6f cUnf] g cUnf] wDd/w'; lg:Sof] . p;n] aGb u]6sf] Kjfnaf6 lrxfpFb}
eGof]– æSof rflxP <Æ
æ/xg] s] lnP sd/f . xd rf/ x}F . Ps /ft s] lnP .Æ d}n] lxGbLd} eg]F .
æjL x\ofa cGnL jfg ?d . Okm o' Sofg P8h:6 .Æ p;n] ca lxGbL 5f8]/
cª\u|]hLdf eGof] . ;fob p;nfO{ lxGbL Psbd sd cfpFYof] t/ xfdLnfO{ pQ/ ef/tLo
cg'xf/sf h:tf b]v]/ lxGbLdf af]Ng vf]h]sf] lyof] .
æSofg jL ;L <Æ d}n] eg]F .
p;n] cN5L ub}{ u]6 vf]Nof] / Psbd l9nf] u/L dfly sf]7f;Dd k'¥ofof] .
sf]7f 7"nf] / km/flsnf] /x]5 . cf]5\ofg ;kmf / km/flsnf . afy?d klg
7"nf] . 6]ans';L{, 6LeL, b/fh cflb . xfdL rf/ hgf ;xh} c6fpg] /x]5f}F .
sf]7f x]l/;s]kl5 bfh'sf] dg;fo a'em]/ d}n] To;nfO{ eg]F– æxfdL Ps}
kl/jf/ xf}F . rN5 .Æ
ef8fsf] s'/f klg ldNof] . olt /flt ef8fdf df]ndf]nfO ub}{ sltlt/
rfxfg'{ / < sf]7f Ps lbgsf nflu aGbf]a:t ul/of] . otflt/ Ps lbg eGgfn]
rf}aL; 306f a'em\g'kg]{ x'G5 .
xfdL cfkm\gf] emf]nfem\ofD6f em'G8\ofpFb} sf]7fdf k'Uof}F . tLg lbgb]lv
g'xfOw'jfO x'g kfPsf] lyPg, 6«]gsf] ofqfn] . hLp Ps lsl;dn] lylNynf] ePsf]
lyof] . g'xfP/ rª\uf x'g rfxGYof}F xfdL .
;a} hgfn] kfn};Fu g'xfOw'jfO u¥of}F . /]nd} xNsf vfglkg u/]sfn] oxfF
vfglkg ug{' lyPg .
clg ;'ltxfNof}F .
rf}yf] lbg, !( cS6f]a/, xf]6n
afnfhL, sGofs'df/L .
s]/nfsf] ;+:s[ltnfO{ :kz{ ug{ dg 5 eg] lqjfGb|d\ k'Ug}k5{ . To;df klg
oxfFsf] u'? kßgfe:jfdL dlGb/ gk'uL x'Fb}g . u'? kßgfe:jfdL dlGb/ >Llji0f'df
;dlk{t 5 . ef/tdf >Llji0f'df ;dlk{t !)* ‘lbJob]zd\’ -dlGb/_dWo] of] Ps k|d'v
xf] . ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf wgL dlGb/, ;a}eGbf a9L tLyf{n' cfpg] dlGb/dWo] Ps cflb
cg]s pkflw 5g\ o;sf . ef/tdf ;a}eGbf a9L eÏhg bz{gfy{ k'Ug] dlGb/x¿df lt?klt
afnfhL, >Lkßgfe:jfdL dlGb/ lqjfGb|d\, >L j}i0ff]b]jL hDd"sZdL/,
:j0f{dlGb/ cd[t;/, >L huGgfy k'/L, >L sfdfVof dfO{ u'jfxf6L, sfzL ljZjgfy
dlGb/ cflb kb{5g\ . o;kl5 d'DaO{sf l;l4ljgfos, pQ/fv08sf s]bf/gfy, l;/8Lsf ;fO{
dlGb/, ;f}/fÓ« u'h/ftsf >L ;f]dgfy dlGb/, goL lbNnLsf :jfdLgf/fo0f cÔ/wfd
cflbsf] rrf{ x'G5 . logdWo] >Lkßgfe:jfdL, >Ls]bf/gfy, lt?klt afnfhL /
>Ll;l4ljgfossf] bz{g ug{ k'Ug} afFsL lyof] d}n] . o;kN6sf] ofqfdf >L
lt?klt afnfhL / >Lkßgfe:jfdL b'O{ dlGb/sf] bz{gsf] cj;/ ldNg] cfzfn] d
k'nlst lyPF .
kb\dgfe:jfdL dlGb/ M ofqfsf]
rf}yf] laxfg lt?jgGtk'/d\sf] xf]6n sf]l8londf kfFr aHg'cufj} p7\of}F . >Lkb\dgfe:jfdLsf]
bz{g rfF8} ug'{ 7Ls x'GYof] . ToxfFaf6 dlGb/ k}bn b"/Ld} ePsfn] rf/} hgf
lxF8]/} uof}F . emGg} Ps lsnf]ld6/ k/ /x]5 dlGb/, t/ :yfgLox¿ æjflsª l8:6fG;Æ
eGbf /x]5g\ oltnfO{ .
dlGb/sf] u]6aflx/ ;]tf] wf]tL a]Rg]x¿ s/fO/x]sf lyP . xfdL rf/} hgfn]
rf/ wf]tL lsGof}F .
oxfF dlGb/ k|j]z ug{ hfg] k'?ifn] sDd/dfly s]xL nufpg kfOFb}g . wf]tL
a]/]/ hfg'k5{ . dlxnfn] l;nfPsf] n'uf nufpg kfOG5 . lz/ s;}n] 9fSg kfOFb}g .
s]/nfsf] rngcg';f/ dlxnfn] clgjfo{ ¿kdf wf]tL of ;f/L nufpg'k5{ . dlGb/
Joj:yfkgn] o:tf s'/fdf grflxFbf ts{ jf clwsf/, k|hftGqh:tf s'/fdf s'g} ;D´f}tf
ub}{g . s]/nfsf] ;+:s[lt ;a}nfO{ ;Demfpg / Ps} l5g eP klg kfngf u/fpg o;f]
ul/Psf] xf] . dlGb/df lxGb'n] dfq k|j]z kfpF5g\ .
;Ltf / efph"n] cfkm"n] nfPsf s'tf{ ;'?jfndfly Tof] ;]tf]
wf]tL a]g'{eof], xfdLn] rflxF gfª\uf]–d'8'nf] eO{ Ps;/f] wf]tL nfof}F . dlGb/ kl/;/df n'uf, h'Qf–rKkn, df]afOn–Sofd]/f
cflb /fVg] cdfgtL 3/ 5g\ / ToxfF cfkm\gf ;fdfg /fv]afkt s'g} z'Ns nfUb}g .
xfdLn] df]afOn, h'QfrKkn / n'ufkmf6f /fv]/ 6f]sg lnof}F clg bz{gfy{ nfOgdf
nfUof}F .
;'?df nfOg Jojl:yt lyof] t/ dlGb/df k:g] a]nfdf 7]nd7]n u/]/ dfq k:g
kfOg] /x]5 . oqf] ljZjk|l;4 dlGb/, ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf wgL dlGb/ eP klg eL8sf]
Joj:yfkgrflxF /fd|f] nfu]g . afnaflnsf / a"9fa"9Lsf nflu of] :yfg
c;'/lIft nfUof], eL8n] lsr]/} dfnf{ eGg] 8/ .
lgs}a]/sf] kvf{Okl5 >L kb\dgfe:jfdL eujfg\ lji0f'sf] bz{g ug{ kfof}F
. hlt;'s} eL8 eP klg bz{grflxF kfOg] /x]5 . olt b'Mv u/]/, olt 6f9faf6 uP/
hDdfhDdL Ps–8]9 ;]s]G8sf] bz{g ;do kfOG5 . t/ klg dgdf >Llji0f'sf] cfs[lt
af]s]/ ;xif{ 3/ kms{G5f}F xfdL .
dnofnd / tldn efiffdf lt?jgGtk'/d\sf] cy{ ‘cgGt’sf] k'/ cyf{t\ ;x/ eGg]
x'G5 . cgGt eGgfn] >Llji0f' eujfg\ . lji0f'k'/f0f, dT:ok'/f0f, a|ák'/f0f,
j/fxk'/f0f, :sGbk'/f0f, kßk'/f0f, jfo'k'/f0f / efujtk'/f0fdf o; dlGb/sf] klg
rrf{ ePsf] 5 .
>Lkb\dgfe:jfdL dlGb/ ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf wgL wfld{s k|lti7fg xf] . leq
Sofd/f nUg cg'dlt 5}g / leqL /x:ox¿ cfFvfn] dfq lvFRg kfOg] s'/fn] b'Mv nfU5 .
dlGb/x¿df kmf]6f] lvRg lsg glbPsf] xf], d s'/} a'l‰bgF, a]sf/sf] 9/f{ xf] eG5'
d . d t eG5' dlGb/df h'QfrKkn cflb klg lgif]w ug'{sf] vf;} t's 5}g . tkfO{F
eGg'xf]nf, cfˆgf] 3/leq rflxF h'QfrKkn nfpg gx'g], dlGb/df x'g'kg]{ < o;
ts{df plt bd b]lVtgF d, lsgeg] ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L sfof{nox¿df h'QfrKkn lgif]w x'Fb}g,
k;n / 7"nf7"nf dfs]{6df klg h'QfrKkn lglif4 ul/Fb}g . h'Qf–rKkn
cf:yf;Fu hf]l8Psf] s'/f klg xf]Og . ;/;kmfO;Fu hf]l8Psf] s'/f xf] eg] cltl/Ï
;kmfOsf] k|aGw ubf{ eOxfN5, xfd|f dlGb/x¿ s'grflxF ;kmf x'G5g\ / < h'Qf rKkn
vf]n]/ lxF8\g'kbf{ dlGb/af6 lxnf] / kmf]xf]/dfq af]s]/ aflx/ NofpF5g\ xfd|f
uf]8fn] . clg h'Qf–rKknsf] Joj:yfkgdf dlGb/ tyf JolStsf] 7"nf] k};f / ;do cgfjZos
¿kdf vr{ eO/fv]sf] 5 .
plxNo} eujfg\x¿ klg ;a}sf uf]8fdf h'QfrKkn lyPgg\, dflg;sf uf]8fdf t
´g\ lyPgg\, To;} eP/ xf]nf gfË} v'§f dlGb/df k:g] lgod afFw]sf . d]/f
xh'/af–xh'/cfdfn] hLjge/ h'QfrKkn nfpg'ePg, klxn] lyPgg\ xf]nf clg kl5 oltsf
pd]/;Dd t nfOPg ca s] nfpg' eGg] eof] xf]nf .
h'QfrKkn gnfP/ eujfg\sf] ;]jf / elÏ x'Fb}g . eujfg\sf] ;]jf ug]{ dg
x'g]n] dflg;sf] ;]jf u/f}F eG5' d . Odfgbf/L, ;To, ;xof]u, :j:y–z'4 cfxf/ljxf/,
enf] cfr/0f / cfˆgf] ;+:s[ltk|lt ;Ddfgk"0f{ Jojxf/ ug]{ xf] eg] eujfg\nfO{
cyf]{s s]xL rflxFb}g xfd|f], dnfO{ o:tf] nfU5 . cltl/St ;]jf ug{ rfxg]n]
dlGb/df k'u]sf eSthgsf] ;]jf ug'{, dlGb/sf] ;/;kmfO / ;'/Iffsf] sfd ug'{ /
eSthgsf] ;d:of a'emL cfjZos ;xof]u ug'{ 7Ls b]V5' d . dlGb/ hfg'sf] cy{
cf:yfsf] k|s6Ls/0f xf]nf, eujfg\sf] bz{g xf]nf / ;fd"lxstfsf] efjgfsf]
k|bz{g xf]nf .
æTo;f]eP wfO{–wfO{ lsg dlGb/–dlGb/ 3'd]sf] xf]nf <Æ aflx/ lg:sg
nfUbf ;Ltfn] ;f]lwg\ .
æeujfg\nfO{ ;j{JofkL elg;s]kl5 dflg;n] agfOlbPsf] dlGb/d} v'lDrP/ a:g]
s'/f x'Fb}g . t/ d 7fG5', hxfF k'u] klg d}n] eujfg\nfO{ cfkm\gf] dgdf /flv/fv]sf]
5' eGg] b;f{pg dlGb/df k'Ug'kg{] xf]nf .Æ
d}n] eg]F .
cF, dlGb/ k|j]zdf h'QfrKknsf] lgif]wsf] Ps cy{ 5 M Tof] xf] lxGb'
k/Dk/fnfO{ c¿eGbf cnu b]vfpg' . dtna o'/f]k]nL / cd]l/sfnL 3/x¿df k:tfv]l/
h'QfrKkn vf]Ng] ul/Fb}g . ltgsf rr{dlGb/df klg h'QfrKkn vf]Ng] rng 5}g .
To;eGbf cnu klxrfgsf nflu of] k/Dk/fsf] cy{ /xG5 . hfkfg, sf]l/of / w]/}h;f]
Pl;ofnL dlGb/, 3/, k;n hxfF klg k|j]z ug'{cl3 h'QfrKkn vf]lnG5, xfd|f dlGb/x¿df
h'QfrKkn vf]Ngfn] ;+:s[ltsf] Pl;ofnL klxrfg sfod /xg]5 .
oxfF bz{gfy{ cfpFbf w]/} ;fdfg gaf]Sg] . 38L, df]afOn, k]6L cflb /fVgsf
nflu cdfgt 3/ -Snf]s ?d_ kfOG5 . t/ oxfF dxFuf u/uxgf /fVg cg'dlt 5}g . cfˆgf
;/;fdfg xf]6ns} sf]7fdf 5f]8\g' dgfl;a 5 .
æof] ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf wgL dlGb/ xf] eGg'ef] < o;df Toqf] wg s] 5
<Æ ;Ltfn] dnfO{ km]l/ ;f]lwg\ .
æo;leqsf] vhfgfdf Ps nfv s/f]8 ef/tLo ?lkofF d"Nosf u/uxgf, wft' /
d'b|f 5g\ . ;g\ @)!@ df ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] cfb]zdf o; u'Kt e08f/nfO{ vf]lnPsf]
lyof] . oxfFleq txvfgfdf 5j6f ljzfn sf]7fx¿ 5g\ . tLdWo] aL gDa/sf] eN6 cfh;Dd
vf]lnPsf] 5}g . s] ljZjf; ul/G5 eg] eN6 ‘aL’df s'g} tfnf nufOPsf] 5}g, :jod\
z]ifgfun] o;sf] /Ôf ug'{x'G5 . of] 9f]sf s'g} ljåfg\ k'?ifn] u?8dGqåf/f dfq
vf]Ng ;Ï5g\ .Æ d}n] eg]F .
oxfFleqsf] eJotf, ;fg–;f}stsf] s'/f klg rrf{of]Uo 5 . o; dlGb/df eujfg\
lji0f'sf] cgGt cjtf/sf] d"¨t 5 . o;}sf/0f o; ;x/n] lt?jgGtk'/d\ gfd kfPsf]
xf] . xftdf df]afOn, 38L, Sofd/f cflb lnP/ leq k:g vf]Hg'eof] eg] oxfFsf
;'/IffsdL{n] tkfO{FnfO{ ceb| Jojxf/ ug]{5g\ . s] u¿g\ lar/fx¿, dflg;nfO{
eGbfeGbf tL yfs]sf / lbSs ePsf xf]nfg\ . pgLx¿sf] hl6ntf a'´]/ xfdLn] pgLx¿nfO{
;xof]u x'g] Jojxf/ ug'{ plrt xf]nf eG5' d . xfdLn] t ;a}yf]s aflx/} 5f8]sf
x'gfn] k|j]z ;xh} eof] .
xfdL uPsf] ;dodf dlGb/df cToGt ud© x'g] ;do lyof], t/ laxfgsf] ;do /
3fd tfTg] a]nfdf cfsfzdf afbn nflulbPsfn] Tolt 8/nfUbf] udL{ x'g kfPg .
dlGb/af6 aflx/ lg:sFbf xfdL ef]sltvf{n] cfn;tfn; kl/;s]sf lyof}F . oxfF cfPkl5
l3p–8f];f vfg'k5{ eg]/ k9]sf] lyPF, t/ pdª\u / kl/j]zsf] gjLgtfsf] t/ª\udf
l3p–8f];f sxfF kfOG5 vf]hL;Dd ul/Pg5 .
aflx/ lg:s]kl5 cdfgtL 3/af6 sk8f, h'Qf / df]afOn lnof}F . clg s]xL kf]h
kmf]6f] klg lvRof}F . dlGb/cufl8 ljzfn / eJo tnfp 5, kb\dtLy{ ;/f]j/ . tnfpsf]
klZrd lsgf/df dflg; k"hfcfhf ul//x]sf lyP . laxfg ;"o{tkm{ kms]{/
hnfk{0f ul//x]sf lyP . ;f]xL lbg sGofs'df/Lsf nflu k|:yfg ug'{kg]{ ePsfn] xfdLn]
pSt hnfzodf uO{ :gfg–;GWof / ;"o{ pkf;gf ug{ ;do lgsfNg ;s]gf}F .
æs:tf] /x\of] t cg'ej <Æ d}n] ;LtfnfO{ ;f]w]F .
æcfpgrflxF clt sl7g, t/ cfO;s]kl5 wGg cfOof] eGg] x'g] . ;'Gb/ /x]5
7fpF . eJo /x]5 dlGb/ .Æ
cQ'sn eujtL dlGb/ M o;kl5 Pp6f c6f]l/S;f
kqm]/ cQ'sn eujtLsf] bz{g ug{ uof}F . sflt{s @ ut] laxLjf/sf] lbg lyof],
gj/fqsf] k~rdL ltly, cQ'sn eujtL dlGb/df k'Ubf xfdL clns l9nf] ePsfn] vf;}
eL8ef8df k/]gf}F . b]jLsf] bz{g ;xh eof] .
dlGb/ ljzfn kl/;/df /x]5 . ;kmf;'U3/ klg . hgsk'/sf] hfgsL
dlGb/cufl8sf] ljzfn v'nf 7fpFh:t} oxfF klg ljzfn k|fª\u0f /x]5 . k|fª\u0fsf]
afofF v08df ljzfn d~r /x]5 . d~raf6 b'uf{ ;KtztL r08L kf7 ul/Psf] /]s8{
ahfPem}F ;ª\uLtdo ;fd"lxs ufogsf] cfjfh cfO/x]sf] lyof] . dfOssf] cfjfh
xfdL dlGb/ kl/;/df k:gf;fy ;'lgg yfn]sf] lyof] . ha d~rdf k'Uof}F, clg yfxf
eof] of] t /]s8{ ul/Psf] cfjfh xf]Og /x]5 . rfnL;–krf; hgf o'jtL / gf/Lx¿
d"lt{jt\ cf;g afFw]/ dfOscufl8 r08L kf7 ul//x]sf /x]5g\ / dfOsdf Tof]
;'lgPsf] /x]5 .
xfdL nueu b'O{ 306f ToxfF /x\of}F . b'O{ 306fdf g t dfOsdf s'g} v/faL eof],
g t ltgsf] ufogdf s'g} lsl;dsf] ljljwtf jf clgoldttf . pgLx¿sf] cf;g klg Ps OGr
8udufPg . d t x]/]sf] x]¥o} ePF5' . ltgLx¿sf cg'zf;g, cEof; / :j/sf] rdTsf/
cg'kd lyof] . gj/fqsf] ;dodf d}n] sf7df8f}Fdf pT;j, r08Lkf7 cflb ;a}yf]s
b]v]sf] 5', sltdf t efu klg lnPsf] 5' . t/ oxfF o;/L r08Lkf7 u/]sf] b]Vtf
xfdLn] otf g]kfndf ug]{ pT;j / dgfOg] rf8 t cg'zf;gxLg eL8sf] h:tf] nfUof] .
oxfFsf] zflGt, cg'zf;g, l:y/tf, ultzLntf, ;ª\uLt, snf, ;/;kmfO ;a}yf]s pGgt
:t/sf] 5 . s]/nfsf dflg;eGbf xfdL g]kfnL cfly{s ¿kdf ul/a / kl5 5f}F, t/
To;eGbf kl5 /x]5f}F cg'zf;g, ;/;kmfO / ;+:s[ltdf .
xfdLn] s]/nx¿af6 l;Sg'k5{ .
æclg bfh'sf] cg'ej ;'g"F g ÛÆ d}n] o'j/fh bfh'nfO{ ;f]w]F . d]/f] 7"nf] dfdfsf
h]7f 5f]/f x'g'x'G5 o'j/fh bjf8L . xfdL o;cl3 klg Pp6f 5f]6f] ofqfdf ;Fu;Fu}
lg:sg kfPsf lyof}F . To;k6s afx| lbg u/]sf] ;f]xfb{k"0f{ ;fyn] o;k6ssf
nflu jftfj/0f agfPsf] lyof] .
æ7Ls 5 . ;xL 7fpF /x]5 .Æ bfh'n] ;ª\lIfKtdf hafkm lbg'eof] .
clg xfdL ;f]xL c6f] kqm]/ xf]6ndf cfof}F . o;f] s]xL vfg]s'/f] Rofk]kl5
cfkm\gf kf]sfk'Gt'/f le/]/ 6«]g ;dfTg bf}l8xfNof}F .
o;}aLr l;h'jfaf6 dLgf vgfnsf] kmf]g cfof] . d]/L ;fnLa}gL x'g\ dLgf .
xfdLnfO{ cToGt dfof ug{], ljZjf; ug{], e/ kg{] / e/y]u ug{] ul5{g\ pgL . xfd|f]
af/]df cToGt w]/} ;f]wLvf]hL klg ul5{g\ . bLlksf eb} aLrsf b'O{tLg jif{ 5f8]/
sIff kfFrb]lv aLaLP; k9'Gh]n xfdL;Fu} al;g\ . bLk]z ebf klg s]xL ;do xfdL;Fu
a;] . pgLx¿ b'j} lgoldt ?kdf xfdLsxfF cfO/xG5g\, cfpg cg's"n gx'Fbf
nfdfnfdf kmf]gsn x'G5g\ . pgLx¿sf kmf]gsn t nueu lbgx'F x'G5g\ ;Ltf;Fu .
æxh'/x¿ sxfF k'Ug'eof] <Æ dLgfn] ;f]lwg\ .
æclu laxfg ;a]/} >Lkb\dgfe:jfdLsf] bz{g u¥of}F . >Llji0f'sf]
dlGb/ xf] . clg b; ah]lt/ ptf uP/ cQ'sn
eujtLsf] klg bz{g u¥of}F . cToGt eJo / ;'Gb/ /x]5g\ dlGb/x¿ . dflg; klg slt xf]
slt Û 5Ss} kl/of] lg .Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
æs'g 7fpF xf] Tof] <Æ pgn] ;f]lwg\ .
æof] 7fpF s]/fnf xf] . s]/fnfsf] lqe'jgGtk'/d\ xf] .Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ . pgL s]/nfnfO{ s]/fnf eGb} lyOg\ clg
lt?jgGtk'/d\nfO{ lqe'jgGtk'/d\ eGb} lyOg\ .
ælqe'jgGtk'/d\ xf]Og, of] ;x/ lt?jgGtk'/d\ xf] . of] ;x/ ef/tsf] s]/n
/fHosf] /fhwfgL xf] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æTo;f] eP ofqf ;xh} 5 lg <Æ
æ;xh} 5 . cfhsf] lbg ;kmn eof] . df};d klg 7Ls} 5 . c;x\o udL{ 5}g .Æ
;Ltfn] elgg\ . j/k/sf] lel8of] b]vfOg\ . clg kmf]gdf s'/fsfgLsf] cGTo eof]
.
s]/nf gl/jnsf nflu gfd'b 5 . 6«]gsf] em\ofnaf6 aflx/sf] b[Zofjnf]sg
ug'{ a8f] /f]df~rs x'Fbf] /x]5 otf . gl/jnsf ljzfn v]tL . htf klg xl/ofnL
jgh:tf gl/jn / ljleGg k|hfltsf ¿vla?jfsf aLrdf cfw'lgs 3/x¿ . k/Dk/fut 3/x¿ klg
. a8f] /x/nfUbf] b[Zo x]g{ kfOG5 . hldg st} lgs} ;Dd 5 eg] w]/}h;f]rflxF clncln
psfnf] cf]/fnf] 5 . kxf8 eGg t ldNb}g, t/ ;Dd klg 5}g . /]ndfu{ st} afFwh:tf]
cUnf] kf/]/ hldgeGbf cUNofpg'k/]sf] 5 t st} hldg sf6]/ xf]RofO{ nluPsf] 5 .
hldg k'/]/ cUnf] kf/]sf 7fpFdf :yfgLo ;8sx¿ /]ndfu{d'lg hfG5g\ eg] hldg sf6]/
/]ndfu{ agfOPsf] 7fpFdf cfsfz] k'nem}F dflyaf6 ;8s hfG5g\ .
s/]nfsf o; v08df ufpF kftnf / gl/jn clg ljleGg hftsf ¿vla?jf afSnf 5g\
. dflg; wgL, alnofafª\uf / x[i6k'i6 b]lvg] . s]/nx¿ zfGt, ;xof]uL, ldng;f/ /
w}o{ nfU5g\ . w]/}h;f]nfO{ cª\u|]hL /fd|} af]Ng cfpF5 t/ lxGbL hfGg] dfG5]rflxF
;x/sf] a9L cfphfp x'g] v08df dfq e]l6Fbf /x]5g\ .
xfdL t lt?jgGtk'/d\df w]/} 7fpF k'Ug} kfPgf}F t/ klg k'Ug}kg]{ 7fpFx¿sf]
5f]6f] ;"rL / ljj/0f o; k|;ª\udf k|:t't ug'{ pko'St xf]nf . kf7sn] s'g}
lbg ;do lgsfNg ;s]df x]g{ nfos 7fg]sf s]xL :yfgsf] ljj/0f oxfF /fV5' .
lt?jgGtk'/d\ ;x/ s]/nfsf dxŒjk"0f{ ko{6sLo :ynx¿sf] s]Gb| xf] . oxfFaf6
s]/nfsf] blIf0fL v08 ;a}lt/ ;xh} k'Ug ;lsG5 .
ch}dnO{ lzj dlGb/ M oxfFsf lzjhLsf] ljzfnsfo
dlGb/ / lqz"n lgs} k/af6 ;d]t b]lvG5 eGg] k9]sf] 5' . lzjsf] a;]sf]
d"¨t v'nf cfsfzd'lg ;d'b|sf] lsgf/}df 5 c/] . dlGb/ kl/;/leq Sofd/f cg'dlt
5}g c/] . oxfF ljzfn r§fgdfly a;]/ c/a ;fu/sf 5fn / xfjfsf] cg'e"lt ug{
kfPsf] eP slt dhf x'g] lyof] . t/ xfdLnfO{ o;f] ug{ ;don] cg'dlt lbPg .
sf]jnd\ lar M lqjfGb|d\df ;fF´df k'Ugsf nflu
sf]jnd\ larsf] b[Zofjnf]sg ax'd"No cg'ej x'G5 c/] . xfdLn] t Tof] sxfFlg/
k5{ eGg] ;d]t hfGg kfPgf}F . ca hfg] ofq'n] sDtLdf klg sf]jnd\ lar x]g]{ ;do
lgsfn"g\ . xfd|f] 6]«g a]n'sf ;ft ah] oxfF cfOk'Ug'kg]{df /ftsf] P3f/–;f9]
P3f/df dfq cfOk'Uof] . To;} ;fFem kb\dgfe:jfdL dlGb/ x]g{ kfPsf] eP cfh sf]jnd\
lar;Dd k'Ug kfOg] lyof] .
a]6\6'sfpb rr{ M lqjfGb|d\ ;x/df s'g}lkR5]
rr{ b]Vg kfOG5 . a]nfotL, 8r / k|m]Gr sf]nf]gL aGg k'u]sf] o; efudf lqml:6og
wd{ ckgfpg] ef/tLosf] ;ª\Vof klg 7"n} 5 . olb tkfO{F Pp6} dfq rr{ e|d0f ug{]
ljrf/df x'g'x'G5 eg] of] a]6\6'sfpb rr{ 5fGg'xf]nf . of] 7"nf] t xf] g},
cToGt snfTds / ;'Gb/ klg 5 elgG5 .
k'j/ 6fk' M ToxfFsf ˆnf]l6ª leNnf, cfxf Û t/
Ps /ft;d]t Totf latfpg] ;do h'6fpg ;lsPg .
dx]Zj/d\ dlGb/ M of] ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf
7"nf] lzjlnË xf] . of] !!! lkm6 cUnf] 5 .
o;afx]s ;x/df zª\u'd'ud\ lar, j]nL n]s 6'l/:6 len]h, lt?jgGtk'/d\
lrl8ofvfgf, Doflhs Knfg]6, sgsSs'Gg' b/af/, àfKkLNofG8 jf6/ lyd PG8 cDo'hd]G6
kfs{, g]lko/ Do'lhod klg x]g'{kg]{ :yfg x'g\ . g]lko/ Do'lhod / h' glhs} 5g\ .
oxfF k'Ug /]nj] :6];gaf6 @=$& lsnf]ld6/ ;f]em} pQ/ nfUg'k5{ .
d]/f] of]hgf lyof], ;do Psbd sd ePdf xfdL lt?jgGtk'/d\sf] Psdfq tLy{:yndf
hfg] M kßgfe:jfdL dlGb/ . ;do lgsfNg ;lsof] eg], cyf{t\ >Lkb\dgfe:jfdL
dlGb/df bz{g ug{ clt w]/} ;do nfu]g eg] cQ'sn eujtL dlGb/sf] klg bz{g ul/xfNg]
;f]r lyof] . olt dfq xf]Og, ;do lg:s]df ch}dn} / dx]Zj/d\ klg k'Ug] dg lyof]
xfd|f] . oxfFsf c¿ dlGb/, b/af/, lsNnf, kfs{–pBfg cflbsf] af/]df klg clncln
yfxf kfpg' >]o:s/ x'G5, otf 3'Dg lg:s]sf] a]nf . k'j/ 6fk'sf] e|d0f ug'{kg]{
xf], clg Aofsjf6/df df]6/af]6sf] cg'kd cg'ej lng'kg]{ xf] otf cfPsf] a]nfdf,
km]l/km]l/ cfpg ;lsg] xf] ls xf]Og . t/ tL ;a ug{ sxfF ;do h'6fpg ;lsof] / v}
< cf;{ nf]Ëf efO6f a|]le;, cyf{t\ snf w]/} 5 hLjg 5f]6f] 5 eGg] lu|s pvfg
;To xf] . xfdLn] >Lkb\dgfe:jfdL dlGb/ / cQ'sn eujtL dlGb/sf] bz{g u/]/ lrQ
a'emfof}F, olt eP klg s]/nf cfOof], bz{g kfOof] eg]/ .
dft{08 jdf{, ;]t'nIdL afO{, wd{/fh, P]ng lt?gnh:tf k|l;4 zf;sx¿åf/f
zfl;t e"lddf c°og snL, >L dw's/gfy, jSsf]d df}njL, >Lgf/fo0f u'?,
rQDkL :jfdLsn, ;b\u'? lzjlnËbf; :jfdLun cflb wd{u'?x¿åf/f lgb]{lzt hLjg afFr]sf
5g\ oxfFsf dflg;x¿n] . jSsf]d cAb'n sfb/h:tf :jtGqtf ;]gfgLsf] ;x/n] zlz t?/,
jSsf]d k'?iff]Qdd\, js{nf /fwfs[i0fg\h:tf /fhg]tf kfof] . oxfFsf j}1flgs,
;dfh;'wf/sx¿n] hLjgnfO{ c´ ;'Gb/ agfP . :jftL lt?gn, aL zlzs'df/, s]P; lrqf, Pd
horGb|g, lar' lt?dng\, xl/x/gh:tf ;of}F ;ËLt1 oxLF hGd] . /fhf /ljjdf{, P /fdrGb|gh:tf
lrqsf/ / sgO{ s'lg/dg\h:tf d"¨tsf/ klg hGd] . cleg]tf, cleg]t[, gf6ssf/,
slj, n]vs / kqsf/sf] ;"rL klg Psbd nfdf] 5 oxfF .
dnofnd efiffsf k|l;4 sljx¿ jNntf]n gf/fo0f d]gg -!*&*–!(%*_,
s'df/g\ cfzfg\, P= coKkfg\, lslndfg"/ rGb|g\, ;'uts'df/L, uf]kL sf]6\6'/
oxLF lyP . cf]=Pg=eL= s'¿k, hh{ cf]gfSs'/, O{=eL= s[i0flkNnO{, ;L=eL= /d0flkNnO{
cflb klg oxLFsf x'g\ . oxfFaf6 ljZjk|l;4 ;}lgs clkm;/, jlsn / GofofwLzx¿ klg eP
. ef/tLo lqms]6 / km'6an l6ddf oxfFsf cg]s v]nf8L 5flgP . ltgn] ljZje/ v]n]/
ef/tnfO{ kbs lbnfP . cfO{6L Ô]qsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] OGkmf]l;;sf] ;L=O{=cf]=
lqm; uf]kfns[i0fg\ oxLFsf x'g\ . d]l8sn lkmN8df klg of] ;x/ cl3 5 M kßgfeg\
kNk', 8f= s?0ffs/g\, P= dft{08 lkNnO{ / Pd= s[i0fg\ g}o/ ef/tsf uf}/j x'g\ .
lkmNd / clegosf] Ô]qdf t lt?jgGtk'/d\sf] of]ubfg slt xf] slt 5 . lkmNdsL k|l;4
gflosf P]Zjo{nIdL -rlr{t lkmNd M dfofgbL @)@@_, rlr{t dnofnd lkmNd lgb]{zs
lk|obz{gd\ -lkmNd M cf]Kkd\_ oxLFsf x'g\ . lkmNd / clego Ô]qsf ef/tel/ rlr{t
snfsf/, lgb]{zs, Sofd/fDofgx¿sf] ;"rL t cToGt nfdf] x'G5 .
dfgjLo ljsf; g} ;x/sf] vf; ljsf; xf] . otfsf] hLjgdf ;ËLt, snf, ;flxTo,
clego, lrqsf/Lh:tf] s'/fsf] clt 7"nf] k|efj 5 . >Lkb\dgfe:jfdL dlGb/df
ePsf] a]nf t eL8 / s't"xnn] lbdfudf oL s'/f v]n]gg\ t/ ha cQ'sn eujtLsf]
zfGt / zLtn kl/j]zdf k'luof], oxfF cfpg'cl3 d}n] h]–hlt cWoog ug{ EofPF jf
;s]F, s]/n k|b]zsf] Oltxf;, e"uf]n, cy{tGq, snf–;flxTo, ;ª\uLt / hLjgbz{g
cflb cg]s ljifox¿ d]/f] dl:tisdf emnn 3'ld/x] .
t/ tLeGbf Hofbf d]/f] cfkm\g} b]z–kl/j]z, efiff, ;flxTo, /fhgLlt,
Oltxf;, e"uf]n, dfgl;stf, rl/q 3'd] . d]/f] ;x/df g slj–;flxTosf/sf] vf]hL
x'G5, g ljåfg\ bfz{lgs ljrf/ssf] . xfdLsxfF g 8fS6/sf s'/f s;}n] ;'G5, g
OlGhlgo/sf . xfdL g]kfnL rf]/–8fFsf, e|i6frf/L g]tf, b'i6 7u, t:s/, hUuf bnfn,
j]Zofnosf dflns / sfnf]ahf/Lx¿sf s'/f ;'Ggdf ?lr /fV5f}F . clezKt 5f}F xfdL
Oltxf;el/ . slxn] /f0ffx¿n] b]z r';], slxn] zfxx¿n] clg clxn] sfFu|]; /
sDo'lg:6 gfdwf/L n'6]/fx¿ r'l;/x]sf 5g\ . xfdL /ldt] ag]sf 5f}F . ;xof]uL klg
aGg xfdL clezKt 5f}F .
xfdL dfgjLo ljsf;nfO{ ljsf; eGb}gf}F . k'n, 3/, k;n / eL8ef8afx]s c¿
If]qsf] ljsf;sf] af/]df ;f]Rg;Sg] r]tgf xfdLdf 5}g . To;}sf] ljsf; klg of]hgfa4
ePsf] eP x'g] lyof] lg Û lt?jgGtk'/d\sf] ;/;kmfO, eL8ef8sf aLr klg zflGt;'/Iff
/ ;dosf] ;b'kof]u d]/f nflu lg/Gt/ 3f]Rg] ljifo ag] . xfdLn] klg ltgLx¿n] em}F
;x/ ;kmf /fVg ;s] s:tf] x'GYof] xf]nf < xfdLn] klg ltgLx¿sf em}F k'ln;sf]
cg'kl:yltdf klg ;8s cg'zf;g, zflGt / Joj:yf sfod ug{ l;s] s:tf] x'GYof] xf]nf <
ltgLx¿n] em}F lbge/ sfd / ;fFemdf lsgd]nsf] ;+:sf/ a;fNg vf]h] s:tf] x'GYof]
xf]nf<
xfdL a;]sf] xf]6nsf] gfd sf]l8lon xf] . of] /]nj] :6];gaf6 Psbd} glhs
5, ToxLF nf]sn a;x¿ klg kfOFbf /x]5g\ . ptf >Lkb\dgfe:jfdL dlGb/ klg oxfFaf6
k}bn b"/L ePsfn] xfdLnfO{ of] :yfg ;xL nfUof] . xf]6nsf] df]afOn gDa/
($))&##)*@ / NofG8kmf]g gDa/ )$&!–@##*#@) xf] .
s]/nfnfO{ O{Zj/sf] b]z xf] elgG5 . s]/nf z}lÔs tyf cfly{s b[lÓn] Ps
ljsl;t /fHo dflgG5 . s]/nsf] ef}uf]lns ;+/rgf k|s[ltsf] Ps pkxf/ xf] . otfsf
dflg;x¿ s]/fsf] kftdf vfg]s'/f vfG5g\, s]/f;Fu ;DalGwt ePsfn] s]/n gfd /fv]sf]
xf]nf eG7fGy]F d . t/ xf]Og /x]5, ‘s]/n’ zAb ‘s]/’ cyf{t\ ‘gl/jn’ / ‘cnd\’
cyf{t\ ‘:yfg’ ldnL ag]sf] /x]5 . oxfFsf] nueu ;f7L k|ltzt hg;ª\Vof lxGb'
wdf{jnDaL 5 . kf}/fl0fs ¿kn] x]bf{ s]/nfsf] ;DaGw eujfg\ >Llji0f'sf] 5}6f}F
cjtf/ eujfg\ k/z'/fd;Fu 5 . k/z'/fdn] cfˆgf] k/z' ˆofFs]/ uf]s0f{d\b]lv
sGofs'df/L;Ddsf] !^) s6d\ e"ld ;d'b|af6 d'Qm u/fpg'ePsf] xf] . cfh ;f]xL
:yfgdf s]/n a;]sf] 5 . o;}sf/0f s]/nnfO{ k/z'/fdÔ]qd\ klg elgG5 .
wfld{s b[lÓn] s]/nsf] ;DaGw eujfg\ lji0f'sf] jfdg cjtf/;Fu klg ;DalGwt
5 . c;'//fh dxfjlnn] jfdg eujfg\sf] :jfut u/]sf] 36gfnfO{ lnP/ cfh klg s]/ndf
k|ltjif{ ‘sf]8d\’ kj{ dgfOG5 .
afbn, lah'nL, jiff{ / xl/ofnL s]/nsf] kl/ro xf] . oxfFsf] cs"t
k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{ x]/]/ yfxf x'G5 of] /fHo k|s[ltsf] sfvdf a;]sf] 5 eGg] .
x]gf{;fy yfxf eOxfN5 of] b]jtfx¿sf] cfˆg} e"ld xf] eg]/ . o; ;f}Gbo{sf]
kfg ug{ k|ltjif{ nfvf}F ko{6s b]zb]zfj/af6 oxfF cfOk'U5g\ . o;af6 oxfFsf]
k|fs[lts jftfj/0f ;'/lÔt /fVgdf d2t ldn]sf] 5 .
s]/nfsf] k/Dk/fut kl/wfg ;fbf / ;'Gb/ 5 . oxfFsf] vfgf klg oxfFsf]
k|s[lts} cg';f/ 5 . s]/fsf] kftdf vfgf vfg' oxfF uf}/jsf] s'/f x'G5 . s]/nfnfO{
d;nfx¿sf] au}Frf klg elgG5 . oxfFsf k/Dk/fut g[To sTysnL, df]lxgLc§d\, s'l6c§d\
/ gfUof/s'6\6" cflb clt dgdf]xs x'G5g\ .
s]/nfsf] /fhwfgL ;x/ lt?jgGtk'/d\ xf] eg]/ d}n] ;'?d} eg]sf] 5' .
lt?jgGtk'/d\sf] cy{ x'G5 >Llji0f' cyf{t\ cgGt eujfg\sf] :yfg .
lt?jgGtk'/d\sf] >Lkßgfe:jfdL dlGb/ bz{gkl5 d}n] cfkm"df 7"nf]
kl/jt{g cfPsf] dx;'; u/]sf] 5' .
lt?jgGtk'/d\sf] af/]df d}n] cfkm"n] b]v]ef]u]sf], hfg]sf] / cfh hfGg
rfx]sf] s'/f olQ xf] .
sGofs'df/L M
sGofs'df/L ef/tsf] d'Vo e"ldsf] ;a}eGbf blÔ0fsf] laGb' xf] .
sfZdL/ ;a}eGbf pQ/ / sGofs'df/L ;a}eGbf blÔ0f . oxfFsf] ;"of]{bo /
;"of{:tsf] b[ZonfO{ ef/tel/sf] ;a}eGbf ;'Gb/ b[Zo elgG5 . ;"of{]bo /
;"of{:t x]g{] 7fpF ufGwL d08kd\af6 b'O{rf/ ;o kfOnfdfq k5{ . xfdL oxfFsf]
;"of]{bo / ;"of{:t x]g{ pT;'s / Jou| lyof}F . ;fFem kg'{cl3 g}
sGofs'df/L k'Ug' / ;j{k|yd jf;sf] aGbf]j:t ul/xfNg' pko'Qm x'G5 eGg] ePsfn]
;a}eGbf klxn] jf;sf] aGbf]a:t ul/xfNof}F . otfsf xf]6n ;kmf;'U3/, zfGt /
km/flsnf eP klg plt dxFuf xf]Ogg\ .
xfdLn] sf]7fsf] aGbf]a:t ul/;s]kl5 ;"of{:tsf] b[Zofjnf]sg ug'{kg]{
lyof] . t/ df};dn] xfdLnfO{ wf]sf lbof] . Psbd w'lDdP/ lbpF;} cFWof/f] lyof] .
xfdL sGofs'df/L k'Ubf ev{/} 7"nf] em/L k/]/ yfldPsf] lyof] . gfu/sf]On
:6];gdf k'Ubf eofgs kfgL kl//x]sf] lyof] / sGofs'df/L :6];gdf cf]n{Fbf klg em/L
k"/} yfldO;s]sf] lyPg . ?em\b} /]nj] Kn]6kmfd{ kf/ u¥of}F, ?em\b} g} c6f]
;dfTof}F .
k|lts"n df};dsf sf/0f ;"of{:tsf] b[Zofjnf]sg cw'/} /xg]
b]lvof] . Toltdfq xf]Og, ljj]sfgGb /s d]df]l/on / lt?jNn'jf/ d"lt{lt/ klg
hfg kfOPg . em/Ln] ptf hfg] km]/L /f]lsPsf] s'/f yfxf ePkl5 xfdL lg/fz eof}F .
t/ t'?Gt} j/k/sf] b[Zofjnf]sgdf xfdL x/fof}F . hLjgdf klxnf] k6s ;d'b|
b]Vg kfpg'ePsf] o'j/fh bfh' / efph"sf] v';Ldf xfdL klg 8'Aof}F . e'OFdf cFWof/f]
v;'Gh]n;Dd 5fnsf] pQfpnf]kgf, ;d'b|L cfsfzsf] cGwsf/, ;x/sf] emndn cflb x]/]/
/dfof}F . ;d'b|lsgf/sf km\n8nfO6n] cFWof/f] a]kQf lyof] . t/ klg xfdL ca
;d'b|lsgf/d} cNdlnO/xg] ;do afFsL lyPg . kmsL{ dlGb/sf] d"nåf/df cfof}F .
clg h'QfrKkn vf]nL leq l5¥of}F . leq df]afOn, Sofd/f cflbn] kmf]6f] lvRg dgfxL
lyof] eGg} kb}{g . otfsf s'g} dlGb/df klg kmf]6f] lng jlh{t 5 .
8]9–b'O{ 306fhltdf sGofs'df/Lsf] bz{g ug{ kfOof] . clg sf]7fdf kmSof}{F
. ;Ltfn] 5f]/Lx¿;Fu d];]Gh/df nfdf] s'/f ul/g\ . sGofs'df/Lsf] ofqf cg'ej
lj:tf/df ;'gfOg\ .
æxf]6n ;kmf /x]5 . cfdf t xf]6ns} tGgfdf 9Ns]sL 5f} t ÛÆ ;fgL 5f]/L cg'hf
lhl:sO{ . ;LtfnfO{ xf]6naf6 lbOg] tGgfdf ;'Tg lbªlbª nfU5 . pgL cfkm\g} tGgf
cf]5\ofpFl5g\ . t/ oxfF pgn] cfkm\gf] tGgf emf]nfaf6 lems]s} lyOgg\ . xf]6nn]
cf]5\ofPsf] tGgf Psbd ;]tf], ;'lsnf], ;kmf lyof] . pgL To;}df 9Ns]sL b]v]/ 5f]/Lx¿nfO{
cgf}7f] nfu]sf] lyof] .
cfo'if / cfz' To;a]nf cfdtf]nfdf lyP . pgLx¿nfO{ ;Dks{ ug{ vf]Hof}F .
kmf]g nfu]g .
Hofg yfs]sf] lyof] / rf/} hgf a]n}df 9NSof}F .
kfFrf}F lbg, @) cS6f]a/, xf]6n ;/:jtL ejg, db'/} . ifi7L
ofqfsf] kfFrf}F lbgsf] laxfg sGofs'df/Lsf] xf]6]n afnfhLdf ;a]/}
p7\of}F . oxfFsf] ;"of]{bosf] b[Zofjnf]sg hLjgsf ljlzi6 cg'ejx¿dWo] Ps xf]
. ;d'b|sf] lkFwaf6 7"nf] gfª\nf]hqf] /ftf] ;"o{ la:tf/} pTkGg ePsf]
b[Zo x]g{ d Psbd nfnflot lyPF . otfsf] ;"of]{bosf] b[Zosf cg]s kmf]6f]x¿
x]/]/, lel8of]x¿ x]/]/ d Psbd tDtof/ eP/ ;f] If0fnfO{ Jou|tfk"j{s
klv{/x]sf] lyPF . xfdL pHofnf] x'g'eGbf lgs} cufl8 p7\of}F / xtf/xtf/ tof/
eof}F .
;"of]{bo x]g]{ 7fpF sxfFg]/ xf] a]n's} ;f]wLvf]hL u/]/ kQf nufPsf
lyof}F . laxfg xtf/xtf/ Totf nfUof}F . xfdL k'Ubf e'OFdf pHofnf] v:g yfn]sf]
lyof] / ;"of]{bosf] b[Zofjnf]sgsf nflu xhf/f}F dflg; ;d'b|lsgf/sf ;8s, lar
/ ptfsf] h]6Ldf otfptf ul//x]sf lyP . ;do;Fu} dflg;x¿sf] a]r}gL al9/x]sf] lyof]
lsgeg] df};d s]xL wldnf] lyof] / afbnsf sf/0f ;"of]{bosf] b[Zo x]g{ gkfOg]
8/ al9/x]sf] lyof] . hlt pHofnf] a9\b} uof], plt cfsfz afbnn] 9flsFb} uof] . t/
klg ;"of]{bo x'g] a]nfdf k"jL{ cfsfz /ftf] b]lvof] . ToxfFaf6
;"of]{bo eof] eg] xfdLn] ;"o{sf] slnnf] ¿k b]Vg kfpg] ePsf lyof}F .
;d'b|L lIflthdf nflndf a9\b} cfof] . ;"of]{bosf] b[Zo cfkm\gf]
Sofd/f / df]afOndf s}b ug{ Jou| dflg;x¿ 56k6fO/x]sf lyP . ;a}sf xftxftdf
df]afOn of Sofd/f tof/ lyP . ptf d5'jf/]x¿ laxfg x'g'cl3 df5f df/]/ kmls{/x]sf
lyP . ltgsf df]6/af]6 r'krfk lsgf/flt/ cfO/x]sf lyP . d5'jf/]x¿nfO{ sfdsf]
r6f/f] lyof] . hfnaf6 df5f emfb}{ u/]sf d5'jf/]x¿nfO{ ;"of]{bosf]
b[Zofjnf]sg;Fu s'g} lng'lbg' lyPg . ltgLx¿ Psbd km'tL{sf ;fy df5f emfl//x]sf
lyP . ev{/} kfgLaf6 aflx/ lgsflnPsf df5f eg] 56k6fpg yfn]sf lyP . d5'jf/]x¿nfO{
ltgsf] 56k6;Fu klg s'g} dtna lyPg .
xfdL klg ;"of]{bo x]g{ cfPsf dflg;x¿sf] eL8df ldl;of}F . ;"of{]bosf
nflu Onfdsf >LcGt' / ;Gbsk'/, df]/ªsf ldSnfh'ª, kfNkfsf] >Lgu/ /
l6:6'ª–kfn'ªx¿ rlr{t 5g\ . ef/tsf] 6fOu/ lxnsf] ;"of{]bo klg lgs} ;'Gb/
nfu]sf] lyof] dnfO{ . uª\uf;fu/df ;"of{:tsf] cjnf]sg ug{ kfP klg ;d'b|sf]
;"of{]bosf] cg'ej lng' afFsL g} lyof] d}n] . To;df klg sGofs'df/Lsf]
;"of{]bosf] b[Zofjnf]sg t ljZjk|l;4 5 . d To;}To;} pQ]lht, plåUg / a]r}g
lyPF . cfh ef/tsf] ;a}eGbf blIf0fsf] laGb' sGofs'df/Lsf] ;d'b|lsgf/sf] o;
eL8sf] ck]Iff;Fu} d]/f klg ck]Iff ldl;Psf lyP .
eL8df gSsnL df]tLsf] dfnfnfO{ ;SsnL df]tL eg]/ a]Rg]x¿ klg 56k6fO/x]sf
lyP . ltgLx¿ xftdf ‘df]tL’sf] dfnf em'G8fpFb} otfptf ul//x]sf lyP .
æof] ;SsnL df]tL xf] . rf/ xhf/ ?lkofF .Æ ‘df]tL’sf] dfnf a]Rg] s/fpF5
.
dnfO{ df]tL;Fu lng'lbg' lyPg . ;Ltfn] p;sf] s'/f ;'g]/ 6'6]km'6]sf]
lxGbLdf af]lng\– æ;SsnL g} xf] <Æ
To;sf] lxGbL cem sdhf]/ /x]5 . pm cem 6'6]km'6]sf] lxGbLdf eGg yfNof]–
æxf] . ;SsnL df]tLsf] dfnf dl;t dfq 5 . oL x]gf]{;\ . dl;t gSsnL klg 5 . o;sf]
df]nrflxF c;L ?lkofF .Æ
p;n] nfO6/ afNof] / ‘df]tL’nfO{ Hjfnfdf k'¥ofof] . Psl5g Hjfnfdf
/fv]kl5 eGof]– æ;SsnL df]tL 89\b}g . gSsnL df]tL Ps}l5gdf sfnf] eOxfN5 .Æ
d o:tf 7usf rª\u'naf6 aRg rfxGy]F . ;LtfnfO{ ;ts{ u/fpFb} eg]F– æ;SsnL
df]tL af]Sg] dfG5] o;/L eL8df 8'nL8'nL lxF8\5 < lxF8\b}g . dflg; p;sxfF
wfOxfN5g\ lg ÛÆ
pgnfO{ d]/f] egfOn] s'g} ;sf/fTds k|efj kl//x]sf] lyPg . pgL To;
dfG5]sf s'/f ;'Gg / gf6s x]g{ yflng\ . p;n] eGof]– æb'O6f lng] xf] eg] rf/ xhf/
?lkofF elGbgF . b'O6fnfO{ ;f9] 5 xhf/d} lbg]5' .Æ
;Ltf 5Ss lyOg\ . o;n] t cfkm"n] s]xL gegL Ps xhf/ ?lkofFhlt bfd
36fof] . pgn] elgg\– æ;xL bfd eGgf];\ .Æ
To;n] 5 xhf/eGbf sddf lbg] s'/} u/]g . d klg ca cfslif{t x'g yfn]F .
;SsnL g} xf] ls Sof xf], bfddf ;Demf}tf ug]{ s'/} ub}{g of] .
t/ aflx/ ;LtfnfO{ eg]F– æof] Knfl:6ssf] xf] . Psbd gSsnL . df]ndf]nfO
gu/ x} . o;n] xhf/ ?lkofF uf]6f lbg tof/ x'G5 clg 5Ss k/f}nf .Æ
To;n] s'/f clncln a'em]5 Sof/, Knfl:6s xf] /x]5 eg] d oxLF dl/hfpmF eGg
kf] yfNof] . p;n] Ps xhf/ ?lkofF uf]6f lbg klg ;S5' tLgcf]6f nUg] eP eGg yfNof]
.
æaL; ?lkofF uf]6fn] lbg] xf] <Æ d}n] eg]F . ;Ltf xfFl;g\ .
p;n] eGof]– æaL; ?lkofFn] x}g, ;fFRr} lng] g} xf] eg] tLg ;o ?lkofF
uf]6fn] lbG5', t/ kfFr cf]6f lng'k5{ . o;eGbf sddf t s;}n] lbg ;St}g . oltn]
lng'ePg eg] kl5 tkfO{FnfO{ v'a kl5tf] x'g]5 . c¿n] uf]6fsf] kfFr ;oeGbf sddf
glbFbf aNn tkfO{FnfO{ yfxf x'g]5 .Æ
æaL; ?lkofF uf]6fn] lbg] xf] eg] kfFrcf]6f lnpFnf .Æ d}n] eg]F .
pm Psbd l/;fof] . p;n] eGof]– æh] kfof] ToxL af]Ng] < df]tLsf]
dfnfsf] bfd aL; ?lkofF klg x'G5 <Æ
olt eg]/ pm Psflt/ nfUof] . ;"of]{bo x]g]{ a]nf x'g nflu;s]sf]
lyof] t/ df};ddf cem v/faL cfof] . ca cfsfz Psbd 9flsPsf] lyof] . ;"of]{bo
x'g] a]nfdf 3gf afbnn] ubf{ k"jL{ cfsfzsf] pHofnf] / /ftf]kg a]kQf eO;s]sf]
lyof] . ;do 3s{g nfUof], afbn a9]/ cfof] / dflg;sf] dgdf lg/fzf 5fof] . ptf k/
h]6\6Ldf e]nf ePsf xhf/f}F dfG5]x¿ cfh ;"of]{bosf] b[Zo b]lvg]jfnf 5}g
eGg] ePkl5 kms{g nfu] . Ps}l5gdf kms{g]x¿sf] nsf]{ nfUof] . xfdL ePlt/sf
dfG5]rflxF cem klg cfzfjfbL lyP, sf]xL klg rNdnfPsf] lyPg .
;do laQ} uof] . ;"of]{bosf] ;do eO;s]sf] lyof] . afbn cem 3gf
eof], ;+;f/ cem cFWof/f] eof] . ;"o{ em'lNsO;Sg'kg]{ ;dodf cl3sf] k"j{lt/sf]
pHofnf];d]t ufoa eof] . dflg; lg/fz lyP, pgLx¿df kms{g] tfut;d]t afFsL b]lvPg .
dflg; hlt;'s} clgR5's eP klg Psl5gkl5 la:tf/} kftlng nfu] . Tof]
df]tLsf] dfnf a]Rg] km]l/ b]vf k¥of] . p;n] eGof]–
æcfhsf] lbg v/fa /x]5 d]/f] . Pp6f klg dfnf las]g . ca a? lsg]sf]
bfdeGbf sdd} lbG5' . nf} Û b;cf]6f lng] eP ;o ?lkofF uf]6f . cfkmGt, ;fyLefO /
;xsdL{nfO{ of]eGbf ultnf] pkxf/ s] x'g ;S5 / < d}n] oL dfnf vfg ldNb}g .
tkfO{Fsf] efUo alnof] /x]5 . Ps xhf/df oL ;a nfgf];\ .Æ p;n] lg/fz cg'xf/ agfP/
eGof] .
;Ltf ca x8a8fpg yflng\ . olt ;:tf] dfnf lhGbuLdf km]l/ lsGg ;lsg] xf]
ls xf]Og eGg] a]r}gLn] pgnfO{ ufFHg yfNof] . To; dflg;n] ;Ltfsf] efj ga'em\g]
s'/} lyPg . p;n] b;cf]6f dfnf ;Ltfsf] xftdf ydfof] . p;n] ?Fb} eGof]– æd]8d Û
cfh d]/f] b'ef{Uosf] lbg xf] . af]xgL;d]t ePg . nf} n}hfgf];\ . d}n] Ps xhf/df
b; dfnf lbPF . o:t/L Jofkf/ ug{ yfn]F eg] aaf{b x'G5' d .Æ
t/ pgn] d]/f] efj a'lemg\ . pgn] elgg\– æb;cf]6fnfO{ b'O{ ;o ?lkofF .Æ
p;n] dfnf x'TofP/ kmfNb} eGof]– ænf} Û nUgf];\ . tkfO{Fsf] efUo ;fx|}
alnof] /x]5 . cfh o:tf] cf]l/lhgn df]tL l;Q}Fdf kfpg'ef] . tkfO{Fn] g]kfnaf6
cfpg'ePsf] cft]–hft] vr{ klg olQ dfnf lsGb}df arfpg'eof] .Æ
d}n] b'O{ ;o ?lkofF p;sf] xftdf ydfPF . df};dn] 7u]/ ;"of]{bosf]
b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ gkfPsf xfdL dfnf lsGbf klg 7uLdf k/]sf lyof}F ;fob . rf/ xhf/
?lkofF uf]6fsf] dfnf t aL; ?lkofFdf kf] lbof] Û wGo ef/t Û wGo xfdL Û
clg xfdL laxfgkvsf] ;d'b|L 5fndf /dfpg uof}F . ;fgf] lar lyof], Psl5g
kmf]6f] / lel8of] lvFRof}F . To;kl5 ptf h]6\6Llt/ nfUof}F . h]6\6L eg]sf] 9'ª\uf
cflbsf] Psvfn] afFw xf] h;n] ;d'b|L 5fn, Hjf/ef6f, cfFwL cflb k/} /f]sL zfGt
kfgLdf kfgLhxfh cflbnfO{ c8\ofpg ldNg] aG5 . ;fdfGotof o:tf] ;+/rgf aGb/ufxdf
agfOG5 . xfdLn] ToxfFsf] emGg} 8]9 lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] h]6\6L x]¥of}F . o;sf]
6'Kk};Dd k'Ug Eofof}F . ToxfF k'u]/ ljj]sfgGb :df/s / lt?jNn'jf/sf] d"lt{
clg lsgf/sf ;a}lt/ 3'dL3'dL kmf]6f] / lel8of] lvRof}F . /dfOnf] eof] .
;Ltfn] cfo'if / cfz'nfO{ d];]Gh/df ;Dks{ ug{ vf]lhg\ . Psb'O{kN6 sf]l;;
u/]kl5 aNn sn nfUof] . ptfaf6 cfz' af]lng\ . t/ ptfsf] g]6js{ sdhf]/ lyof] .
a]nfa]nf af]nL g} ga'lemg] .
æ/dfOnf] 5 < s] ub{} 5f} <Æ ;Ltfn] cfz'nfO{ ;f]lwg\ .
æ/dfOnf] 5 . Psbd . v]Nb} 5f}F . xh'/x¿ sxfF k'Ug'ePsf] 5 <Æ cfz'n]
;f]lwg\ .
æxfdL o;a]nf sGofs'df/Ldf 5f}F . /dfOnf] 5 otf klg . sfsLnfO{ sfddf
;3fpg" lg ÛÆ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
g]6js{df l8:6a{ eP/ s'/f ubf{ub{} sfl6of] . k'gM ;Dks{ ug{ eg]/ ;Ltfn]
Ps–b'O{k6s sf]l;; ul/g\, t/ ptfsf] g]6n] sfd u/]g . xfdL ljzfn 9'ª\uf 6]St}
Tof] 8]9 lsnf]ld6/hlt nfdf] h]6Laf6 lsgf/tkm{ kmls{of}F .
xfdL km]/L r9]/ ljj]sfgGb :df/s / lt?jNn'jf/sf] ljzfn d"lt{ eP7fpF
hfg rfxGYof}F . kms{]/ l6s6 sf6\g] 7fpFdf ePsf] nfOg b]v]/ d t tLg 5Ss . laxfg}
ha ;"of{]bosf] b[Zo gb]lvg] ;Defjgf a9\of], dflg;x¿ wdfwd kmls{/x]sf lyP .
ltgLx¿ clu g} nfOgdf plePsf /x]5g\ . ca rf}k6 eof] . oxfF slxn] l6s6 sf6\g',
slxn] km]/Ldf r9\g', slxn] kms{g' / slxn] cfkm\gf] 6«]gdf k'Ug' < xfdLn]
o;kN6 ToxfF k'Ug] ;do k'Ub}g eGg] a'em]kl5 Tof] ;kgfsf] Tofu u¥of}F . gfu/sf]On lgs} k/ /x]5 . ToxfFaf6 lbgsf]
afx| ah]sf] 6«]g kqmg sGofs'df/Laf6 b; ah] lxFl8xfNg'kg{] /x]5 . a; ;dftL
gfu/sf]On clg ToxfFaf6 /]nj] :6];g hfg a; / c6f] km]/]/ hfg] xf] .
laxfgsf] vfhf vfO{ ;f9] gf} ah]lt/ emf]nfem\ofD6f af]s]/ a; kqmg uof}F
. a; kqmL gfu/sf]On clg ToxfFaf6 c6f] kqmL /]nj] :6];g k'Uof}F . :6];gdf k'Ubf
6«]g cfpg emGg} 8]9 306f afFsL lyof] . ;do a;f{tsf] h:tf] em/Ldo lyof] .
xfdLnfO{ a;df uO/x]sf] a]nfdf 3g3f]/ jiff{n] lgs} cTofof] .
xfd|flt/ oltv]/ z/b Ct' 5 . dnfO{ sIff kfFrdf k9]sf] z/b Ct'dfly
n]lvPsf] Pp6f sljtfsf] ofb cfof] M
g em/L g x'/L b; sf]0f
v'nL
g lr;f] 5 Tolt g
5 udL{ plt=== .
otf pTkft udL{ lyof] / ;fpgem}F em/Lavf{ lyof] . oltv]/ xfd|flt/ x'g]
df};dsf] sNkgfdfqn] d d';'Ss d':sfPF . km';{t ePsfn] j/k/sf] b[Zofjnf]sg u/L
kmf]6f] lvRof}F . d cfsf;] k'ndf r9]F . ToxfFaf6 klg s]xL kmf]6f] lvRg dg
nfUof] . ev{/ ag]sf] ;f]emf] /]ndfu{, gofF Kn]6kmfd{ / cfsf;] k'n, cf]l;nf]
df};d ;a}yf]sn] sltv]/ cfkm\g} e"lddf 5' eGg] nfUYof] t sltv]/ Psbd
la/fgf] gf}nf] e"lddf k'u]sf] 5' eGg] efj k}bf x'GYof] .
ca sGofs'df/Lsf] kljq, k|l;4 / nf]slk|o dlGb/ / l;ª\u} ;x/af6 xfdL 6f9f
cfO;s]sf lyof}F . s] yfxf lhGbuLdf km]l/ oxfF cfOg] xf] ls xf]Og . x'g t
O6x/Laf6 sGofs'df/L s'g} 6f9fsf] tLy{:yn xf]Og, hf]uagL of Pgh]kLaf6 6«]g r9]/
rf/ lbgdf oxfF cfOk'luxflnG5 . l:nk/ Snf;df 6«]g l/he{];g u/]df ef? Ps xhf/
?lkofF dfqsf] s'/f xf] . Kn]gdf ef8f a9L
k/] klg ;dosf] lx;fan] c9fO{–tLg 306fsf] dfq s'/f xf] . t/ hLjgdf k'Ug'kg{]
nIodWo] sGofs'df/Ln] sltsf] k|fyldstf kfpg] xf], s] yfxf / <
d}n] sGofs'df/L tLy{sf] k|z+;f, k|]d of :t'ltdf slxNo} s'g} sljtf
n]lvgF . x'g t d}n] slxn] s'g ljifodf sljtf n]v]F / < t/ klg oxfF cfPkl5
dnfO{ k|l;4 ef/tLo slj chLt /fohfbfsf] Pp6f sljtf+zsf] ;Demgf eof]–
sGofs'df/Ldf
;"of{]bo–;"of{:t
–chLt
/fohfbf
lbgx'F sl/a kfFr
ah]
cFWof/}df cfFvf
ldRt}
p7\t5 ;"o{
;d'b|sf] g'lgnf]
kfgLn]
d'v w'g'k5{ p;n]
lrnfP/ k6sk6s
ldRgfn]
cfFvf /ftf
x'G5g\
t/ klg p;n]
ahfpg}k5{
cfkm\gf] 8\o'6L ===
ljgf cjsfz .
s'g} 5'6\6L
lbFb}g
k|s[ltn] p;nfO{
lsgeg] p;sf]
;6\6fdf cfpg]
csf{] ;"o{
p;n] e]6\6fpg
;s]g
cfh;Dd
-d]/L cfdfsf nflu
t
efF8f df]Ng]
cfOdfO{ lxFl8xfnL eg]
hlxNo} e]l6OxfN5]
csL{ gf]sgL{ ._
of] sljtf+z d}n] otf cfpg] of]hgf ag]kl5 ha /]nsf] l6s6 sfl6of] clg
OG6/g]6df vf]h]/ d"n lxGbLaf6 g]kfnLdf cg'jfb u/]sf] x'F . sljtfdf
sGofs'df/L tLy{:ynsf] dlxdf ufOPsf] 5}g, g t oxfFsf] k|fs[lts /d0fLotfsf] ufog
ul/Psf] 5 . oxfF t a? slj xfdLn] hLjgel/ ul//xg] sd{x¿dfly gdL7f] l6Kk0fL u/]sf
5g\ . xfd|f h}ljs sd{x¿ k|s[lt–lgb{]lzt 5g\ / hlt;'s} k6\of/nfUbf eP klg ltgsf]
ljsNk 5}g eG5g\ slj .
gfu/sf]On /]nj] :6];gsf] cfsf;] k'naf6 j/k/sf] /ldtf x]l/;s]kl5 ;fgf]efOnfO{
km]l/ kmf]g ul/x]/]F . d]/f] sfG5f] efO lul//fhnfO{ xfdL ;fgf]efO eG5f}F . p;sf]
kmf]gdf cfdf;Fu s'/f ug{ / otfsf] b'lgofF o; cUnf] 7fpFaf6 b]vfpg dg lyof] .
kmf]g k6Ss} p7]g . b;}Fsf] r6f/f] 5, cfh
dxfifi7L, ef]ln dxf;KtdL . s;nfO{ df]afOn kmf]g rnfP/ a:g] km';{t xf]nf /
<
clg d}n] d"nrGb| tf]d/nfO{ ptf clnu9df kmf]g u/]F .
pgn] Ps} l/ªdf p7fP .
æefO s] 5 va/ < xfdL sGofs'df/Ldf 5f}F . otf t ev{/ wfgsf] /f]kfOF eO/x]sf]
5 . kfgL k/]/ avf{h:t} 5 .Æ d}n] Ps};f;df eg]F .
æxf] / < sGofs'df/L bz{g ug{ kfpg'eof] <Æ pgsf] :j/df v';L ;'lgof] .
ækfof}F . ;xh} kfof}F . lxhf] a]n'sf .Æ
;a} s'/f of]hgfcg';f/ g} eO/x]sf] 5 lg ;/hL <Æ pgn] ;f]w] .
æ5 . of]hgfcg';f/ g} eO/x]sf] 5 .Æ
otf dflg;x¿ wfg /f]Kg] t/v/df lyP . xfdLnfO{ blIf0f ef/tsf] ofqfdf of]
a8f] cfZro{sf] ljifo ePsf] lyof] . otf t xfdLsxfF ;fpgdf x'g] vfnsf] udL{, em/L
/ Jo:ttf b]lvof] . ls;fgx¿ v]tdf lyP . 6«ØfS6/n] hf]Tg] / /f]kf/n] /f]Kg] sfd
wdfwd lyof] . v]tsf tL 7"nf7"nf u/f hndUg lyP . otf gl/jnsf emf8Lx¿df
Psvfn] lgbfp/f]kg b]lvGYof] . gl/jnsf ;a} af]6 em/Ldf ?em]/ lgx'l/Ph:tf lyP .
gfu/sf]Onsf] /]nj] :6];gdf 6«]g klv{/x]sf] a]nfdf d}n] cfkm\gf] :s'nsf
lk|lG;kn zflGt/fd ltlD;gfnfO{ ;Dks{ ug{ sf]l;; u/]F . pxfFnfO{ blIf0f ef/t
k|ToIf b]vfpg dg lyof], t/ pxfFsf] kmf]g p7]g . zflGt/fd ;/ / d}n] Ps jif{cl3
o; ;dodf blIf0f ef/tsf] ofqfdf hfg] eg]/ ;Nnfx u/]sf lyof}F . s]xL 5f]6f ofqfdf
;xofqL aGg kfPsf xfdL of] nfdf] ofqfdf klg ;xofqL aGg rfx]sf lyof}F . t/
pxfFsf] Jo:ttfn] xfdLnfO{ ;Fu} lxF8\g lbPg . pxfF sfdn] afFlwg'eof] .
sGofs'df/Ldf a:gsf nflu eStlgjf;, wd{zfnf / xf]6n nhx¿ 5g\ . /fd|/L
df]ndf]nfO u/]/ dfq xf]6ndf a:g' 7Ls x'g] /x]5 . otf eft / /f]6L klg vfg kfOG5
t/ oL vfgfn] xfdLnfO{ blIf0fL e"lddf cfOk'u]sf] cg'e"lt lbgaf6
/f]S5g\ . ctM s]/fsf] kftdf lbOg] 8f];f / O8nL vfg' plrt 5 . a8f ;fd/, eft,
8f];f, pTykd\, df5f s/L clg oxfFsf] s]/fsf] ksjfGg kf]7" / cKkd\ klg rfVg'
a]; . of] e"efu blÔ0f ef/tLo vfgf, zfsfxf/ / df/jf8L vfgfsf nflu rlr{t 5 .
e|d0fsf nflu sDtLdf Ps /ft / b'O{ lbg o; :yfgsf nflu 5'6Øfpg'k5{ .
xfdLn] rflxF Ps /ft / Ps lbg 5'6ØfPsf lyof}F . klxnf] lbg k'Ub}df ca]nf eOlbof]
w]/}lt/ k'Ug ;lsPg . jf; a:g] :yfg vf]Hb}df lgs} ;do gfz eof] . ;fFem
sGofs'df/L cDdfgsf] bz{g / ;d'b|lsgf/sf] b[Zokfgdf /dfof}F . w]/} yflsPsf]
x'gfn] vfglkg, sk8f w'nfO ub}{df lgs} ca]nf eof] . Pp6f Knfl:6ssf] 8f]/L lsg]sf
lyof}F . wf]Psf n'ufsk8f sf]7fsf] Ps s'gfaf6 csf]{ s'gf;Dd Tof] 8f]/L 6fFu]/ ;'sfof}F
.
of] :yfg clt ud© / cf]l;nf] x'gfn] ;xh x'Fb}g xfd|f nflu . t/ wGg kfgL
k/]/ skfn km'6\g] udL{ eOlbPg . cS6f]a/b]lv dfr{;Dd o; :yfgsf] e|d0fnfO{ pko'Qm
dflgG5 . o;a]nf xfjfx'/L / ´/Ljiff{sf] 8/ sd x'G5 . ud© klg t'ngfTds ¿kdf sd
k5{ . /]nj] 6ld{g;sf] cGTolt/ cyf{t\ k"j{k6\l6 sGofs'df/L lar 5 .
ljj]sfgGb /s d]df]l/on M of]
;d'b|lsgf/af6 %)) ld6/ k/sf] ;fgf] 6fk'df 5 . dlGb/ /ftf / gLnf u|]gfO6 kTy/
k|of]u u/L :jfdL ljj]sfgGbsf] ;Ddfgdf ;g\ !(&) df agfOPsf] xf] . oxfF k'Ug
km]/L r9]/ hfg'k5{ . oxfF WofgsÔ klg 5 . sGofs'df/L r/0fkfb'sf klg 5g\ .
oxfF;Dd hfg] km]/Lsf] l6s6 sf6]kl5 kx]Fnf nfOkm Hofs]6 nufpg'k5{ . nfOg nfu]/
l6s6 sf6\g] xf], nfOg nfu]/} km]/Ldf r9\g] xf] . of] klg cg'kd cg'ej x'g]5 .
;g\ !*(# df ha ljj]sfgGb s]/nsf] ofqfdf cfPsf lyP, pgn] o; 6fk'df cfP/ Wofg u/]
. oxLF Wofg u/]/ pgn] 1fg k|fKt u/L :jfdL ljj]sfgGb ag] elgG5 .
:jfdL ljj]sfgGb o; :yfgdf Ps lbg dfq cl8gsf nflu eg]/ cfPsf lyP, t/ pgL
tLg lbg tLg /ft k"0f{ Wofgdf a;] . p;a]nf oxfF cfpg km]/Lsf] aGbf]a:t x'g]
s'/f lyPg . pgL kf}8]/} cfP .
sGofs'df/LnfO{ lxGb dxf;fu/, c/a ;fu/ / aËfnsf] vf8Lsf] ;Ëd eg]/ hflgG5
. c/a;fu/lt/sf] kfgL wldnf] d}nf] 5, aËfnsf] vf8Llt/sf] kfgL gLnf] 5 eg] lxGb
dxf;fu/lt/sf] kfgL sfnf] b]lvG5 . oL tLg ;fu/sf kfgLsf] ;Ëd x'gfn] o; :yfgnfO{
lqj]0fL ;Ëd klg elgG5 . dftf kfj{tLn] o;} :yfgdf a;]/ lzjhLsf] Wofg u/]sL lyOg\
. lzjhLnfO{ kltsf] ¿kdf k|fKt ug{ kfj{tLn] tk:of u/]sf] :yfg g} sGofs'df/L xf]
. ljj]sfgGb :df/s a;]sf] r§fgd} a;]/ kfj{tLn] tk:of u/]sL / oxLF r/0fkfb'sf
kfOPsf] elgG5 .
dlGb/leq 5fofÍg ug{ ;Vt dgfxL 5 .
dlGb/df :jfdL ljj]sfgGbsf] ;f9] cf7 lkm6 cUnf] sf:o k|ltdf 5 .
r}qk"l0f{dfsf] a]n'sf ;kmf cfsfzdf Ps;fy k"j© lbzfdf aËfnsf] vf8Ldf
x'g] rGb|f]bo / c/a ;fu/df x'g] ;"of{:tsf] b[Zo b]Vg kfOG5 . of] cToGt
cg'kd nf]enfUbf] b[Zo x]g{ ljZje/sf lxGb'x¿ e]nf x'G5g\ pQm lbgdf . csf]{ lbg
laxfg aËfnsf] vf8Ldf ;"of]{bo / c/a ;fu/df rGb|–c:tsf] b[Zo klg plQs}
dgf]/d eOlbG5 .
o;} km]/Ldf r9]/ lt?jNn'jf/ d"¨t k'Ug'k5{ . of] ef/tsf] @% cf}F
cUnf] d"¨t xf] . of] !## lkm6 cUnf] 5 . of] d"¨t k|l;4 ;Gt Pjd\ slj
lt?jNn'jf/sf] xf] . of] 6fk' ;g\ @))) df ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu v'nf ul/Psf] xf] . o;sf]
lgdf{0fdf %)) dhb'/ nufOPsf lyP elgG5 . oxfF Ps ;o rfnL; v'8\lsnf r9]/
k|ltdfsf] r/0fdf k'Ug'k5{ . oxfFaf6 ;d'b|sf] b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ / :jfdL
ljj]sfgGbsf] k|ltdf klg cjnf]sg ug{ kfOG5 .
sGofs'df/L dlGb/ M ;'k|l;4 zlQmkL7
sGofs'df/L ef/tsf] tldngf8' /fHosf] clGtd blÔ0fL laGb'df l:yt 5 . sGofs'df/L
cDdfgsf] gfdn] lrlgg] of] dlGb/ cToGt eJo 5 . dflg;sf] eL8ef8 hlxNo} /xG5 .
sGofs'df/L dftfnfO{ kfj{tLs} :j¿k dflgG5 . of] :yfg ;j{k"Ho / ;fx}| w]/}
eQmhgsf] cfudgsf] s]Gb| xf] .
dlGb/aflx/ a;]sf dflg;x¿n] cg]s axfgf agfP/ k};f w'Tg sf]l;; ug]{5g\ .
aRg'k5{ . logLx¿n] ljz]if bz{g, ljz]if k"hf / k|j]z z'Nssf] nf]e b]vfP/
´'Sofpg ;S5g\ . dlGb/df s'g} k|j]z b:t'/ 5}g .
jf0ff;'/ gfdsf] b}Ton] dxfb]jnfO{ k|;Gg ug{sf nflu 3f]/ tk:of u¥of] .
tk:ofaf6 k|;Gg eO{ lzjhLn] j/bfg dfu eg] . df}sf kfPkl5 jf0ff;'/n] cd/ x'g
kfpFm eg]/ j/ dfUof] . lzjhLn] tyf:t' eGb} eGg'eof]– ltdLnfO{ s'df/L sGofn]
afx]s s;}n] dfg{ ;Sg]5}g . j/bfg kfPkl5 jf0ff;'/ lg/ª\s'z tyf pkb|jL x'g nfUof]
. p;sf] cTofrf/n] ubf{ ;f/f ;+;f/el/sf b]jtf / dflg;x¿ qflx–qflx ug{ nfu] .
o:tf] l:yltaf6 kf/ kfpg b]jtfu0f >Llji0f'sf kfpdf z/0f lng k'u] . lji0f'
eujfg\n] lqe'jgsf] /Ôfsf vflt/ Ps o1 ug'{eof] . o; o1af6 Ps cToGt ¿kjtL sGof
k|s6 eOg\ .
tL sGofn] lzjhLnfO{ klt ¿kdf kfpFm egL tk:of ug{ o; blÔ0fL lsgf/df
cfOg\ . pgsf] cf/fwgfaf6 k|;Gg eO{ lzjhLn] ltgsf] kfl0fu|x0f ug{ :jLsf/ u/] .
ljjfxsf] ltly klg lglZrt ul/of] . ljjfxsf] ;Dk"0f{ tof/L k"/f eof] .
ca b]jtfx¿ lrlGtt x'g yfn] . o:tL lbJo sGofsf] ljjfx x'g nfu]sf] 5, ca
jf0ff;'/sf] jw s;n] unf{ < j/bfgsf cg';f/ t pm s'df/L sGofåf/f dfq dfl/g]
lyof] .
o:tf] l:yltdf dxfd'lg gf/bn] ;xof]u u/] . lzjhL ljjfxsf lgldQ blÔ0fL
;fu/tkm{ uO/xg'ePsf] lyof] . lzjhL ToxfF k'Ug'cufj} ;'lrGb|d\ gfds :yfgdf gf/bhLn]
pxfF;Fu ;+jfb u/] . of] ;+jfb nlDaFb} uP/ w]/} ;do laTof] . lzjhLsf] ljnDasf
sf/0f ljjfxsf] d'x"t{ 6/]/ uof] . ljjfxsf] ;fOt 6gf{n] ljjfxsf nflu tof/
ul/Psf ;Dk"0f{ ;fdu|L ;d'b|df lj;h{g ug'{k¥of] . ljjfxsf] ;fdu|L 5gf{n] g}
oxfFsf] afn'jf rfdnsf bfgf´}F sfnf, /ftf cflb ePsf x'g\ .
s'df/L sGof lzjhLnfO{ klt¿kdf k|fKt ug{ k'gM lzjhLsf] tk:ofdf nLg eOg\
. otf jf0ff;'/n] ltgsf] ¿knfj0osf] rrf{ ;'Gof] . pm s'df/L b]jL;Fu ljjfx ug]{
OR5f ub}{ ToxfF k'Uof] . jf0ff;'/ sGofs'df/Lsf cufl8 k|0fo lgj]bg ug{ nfUof] .
p;n] af/Daf/ o;f] ugf{n] b]jLsf] tk:of eË x'g k'Uof] . o;af6 s'lkt b]jLn] To;
cTofrf/L b}Tosf] jw ul/lbOg\ . jf0ff;'/sf] jwaf6 ;a}nfO{ /fxt ldNof] . s'df/L
sGof b]jLsf] ¿kdf k"hgLo aGg k'lug\ . o; kfjg tLy{:yndf cflZjg gj/fqsf]
;dodf ljz]if pT;j dgfOG5 .
sGofs'df/L dlGb/df k|j]z kfpg k'?ifn] Psj:q wf]tL wf/0f ug'{kb{5 .
l;nfOPsf] sk8f nufP/ o; dlGb/df k|j]z ug{ lglif4 5 . o; tLy{sf] hn:kz{ ugf{n]
dg'io ;Dk"0f{ kfkx¿af6 d'Qm eP/ hfG5g\ eGg] ljZjf; ul/G5 .
#= kßgfek'/d\ b/af/ M sGofs'df/Laf6
nueu tL; lsnf]ld6/sf] b"/Ldf kßgfek'/d\ b/af/ 5 . kfgj]n–sf]rL–sGofs'df/L
xfOj]sf] t'Ssno ufpFg]/ of] bz{gLo b/af/ 5 . a;df hfg kfOg] o; :yfgsf nflu
rf/–kfFr 306f t 5'6Øfpg'kg]{ xf]nf, cft]hft] tLg 306f / Ps 8]9 306f e|d0fnfO{
lbg' kl/xfNof] . o; Ô]qsf] a;ofqf xfd|f nflu ljz]if cg'ej x'G5, lsgeg] otfsf
gl/jnsf ljzfn au}Frfx¿, ;'Gb/ / ;kmf ufpFx¿, l9:sfl9:sL kxf8x¿ xfd|f] cfFvfnfO{
s}b ub{5g\ .
kßgfek'/d\ b/af/ ljZjsf ;'Gb/td b/af/dWo] Ps xf] . of] nueu 5 Ps8
e"lddf km}lnPsf] 5 . ;qf}F ztfAbLdf k"0f{¿kdf l6s sf7af6 ag]sf] of]
b/af/ x]g{ nfos 5 . b/af/leq lkQnsf] nflN6g, s[i0f eujfg\sf] k]lG6ª / ;/:jtL
dftfsf] dlGb/ klg x]g{ kfOg]5 . oxfF k|j]z ubf{ h'QfrKkn aflx/} vf]Ng'k5{ . k|j]z
z'Ns lt/]/ dfq leq k:g kfOG5 . l:y/ kmf]6f] lvRg kfOP klg lel8of] lng kfOFb}g .
ufGwL d08kd\ M ef/tsf /fÓ«lktf dxfTdf
ufGwLsf] of] :df/s x]g{ of]Uo 5 . dxfTdf ufGwLsf] c:t' lj;h{g ug'{cl3 c:t'snz
blÔ0f ef/tLo z}nLdf ag]sf] of] :df/s ag]sf] :yfgdf /flvPsf] lyof] .
;'gfdL :df/s M ;g\ @))$ sf] ljgfzsf/L
e"sDk / ;'gfdLaf6 d[To' x'g k'u]sf dflg;x¿sf] ;D´gfdf of] ;f]x| lkm6sf]
:df/s agfOPsf] xf] .
lt?k/Kk' ´/gf M dg;'gsf] ;dodf sGofs'df/L
hfg]n] o; :yfgsf] e|d0f / cjnf]sg ug'{ h?/L 5 . krf; lkm6 cUnf] ;'Gb/ ´/gf xf]
of] . hnofqf, lkslgs ug{sf nflu of] :yfg pQd 5 . afnaRrfl;t hfg]x¿ o; :yfgdf
cjZo k'u"g\ .
:j0f{ dlGb/ M /]nj] 6ld{g;sf] k5fl8
sGofs'df/L lar;Fu} 5 of] dlGb/ .
lrGgd'Qd lkml;ª xfa{/ M lrGgd'Qd
dT:o s]Gb| x]g{ nfos 5 .
j6\6sf]6\6O{ kmf]6{ M of] :yfg x]g{ nfos 5 . plt
7"nf] geP klg o; e]usf] lsNnf oxL Psdfq xf] . bz{gLo 5 .
:jfdLbf]k'/ ;fN6 pBf]u, dfgfs'8L n]s
. oxfF Aofsjf6/ af]l6ª ug'{ a]; x'G5 . ko{6ssf] eL8ef8 gx'g] x'gfn] af]l6ª plt
dxFuf] klg 5}g . k'ndf k'Ug sGofs'df/Laf6 nueu * lsnf]ld6/ k"j{ hfg'k5{ .
gbLsf] klZrdk6\l6 # lsld pQ/ uPdf ;fN6 Kofg x]g{ kfOG5 . cem k'naf6 ! lsld
klZrdpQ/sf] sNnl8lenO{ hª\S;gaf6 klg ;fN6 Kofg x]g{ ;xh xf]nf .
gfu/sf]On M gfu/sf]OnnfO{ rfdnsf] s6f]/f
elgG5 . oxfF 3'Dg'kg]{ :yfgx¿ gfu/fhf dlGb/, kßgfek'/d\ b/af/, pbok'/lu/L
lsNnf, lt/k/Kk" jf6/kmn, t]Ëfk§gd\ lar, lrQ/n h}g dlGb/, ;'lrGb|d\
>Ltg'dnod\ :jfdL dlGb/, dt'/ PSjf8S6 x'g\ .
gfu/fhf dlGb/ M ;x/sf] s]Gb|df 5 of]
dlGb/ . ;x/sf] gfd o;} gfu/fhf dlGb/sf] gfdaf6 /x]sf] xf] . ‘gfu/’ sf] cy{
‘gfusf]‘ eGg] x'G5 . ‘sf]On’ of ‘sf]ljn’sf] cy{ ‘dlGb/’ eGg] x'G5 . o;y{
‘gfu/sf]On‘sf] cy{ ‘gfusf] dlGb/’ x'G5 . oxfF kfFr lz/ ePsf gfub]jtf jf;'lssf]
k"hf x'G5 . dlGb/ nueu @))) jif{ k'/fgf] xf] .
>L:yf0f'dfnod\ :jfdL dlGb/ ;'lrGb|d\ M oxfFsf] c~hg]o -xg'dfg_sf] @@ lkm6 cUnf] d"lt{ Ps} 9'ª\ufaf6
s'Fb]/ agfOPsf] xf] . o; :yfgdf gf/bn] lzjhLnfO{ ukmdf e'NofPsfn]
sGofs'df/L;Fusf] lax]sf] d'x"t{ 6/]sf] lyof] . To;kN6 d'x"t{ 6gf{n]
sGofs'df/Lsf] ljjfxdf ljnDa eof] . To; ljnDan] jf0ff;'/n] sGofs'df/Lsf]
¿knfj0osf] af/]df ;'Gg / pgnfO{ l/; p7\g] u/L ljjfxsf] k|:tfj /fVg k'Uof] .
jf0ff;'/sf] clt cfTdljZjf;, p;sf] Psf]xf]/f] l9kLn] ubf{ b]jLn] l/;fP/
jf0ff;'/sf] xTof u/]sL x'g\ eGg] ljZjf; ul/G5 . of] :yfg gfu/sf]Onaf6 nueu
& lsnf]ld6/ k"j{blIf0fdf / sGofs'df/Laf6 nueu !! lsnf]ld6/ pQ/klZrddf
k5{ . Oltxf;df ;'lrGb|d\ qjGsf]/ /fhj+z -!&@(–!($(_sf] /fhwfgL / l;6f8]n
lyof] . l;6f8]n eg]sf] jl/kl/ ljzfn kvf{n agfO{ lsNnfem}F ;'/lIft kfl/Psf] ;x/
xf] .
:yf0f'dfnod\ of ;'lrGb|d\ dlGb/df Ps} d"lt{df tLg b]j 5g\ . ‘:yf0f'’sf]
cy{ ‘lzj’, ‘dfn’sf] cy{ ‘lji0f'’ / ‘cod\’sf] cy{ ‘a|x\df’ x'G5 . !#$ lkm6 cUnf]
of] dlGb/ ;x/df k:gf;fy b]lvOxfN5 .
oxfFaf6 tLg ;o ld6/hlt k"j{sf] /f3j]Gb| dlGb/ klg eJo / pNn]Vo 5 .
;'lrGb|d\df k';df dsf{hL / r}qdf lrl2/} kj{ dgfOG5g\ . o; ;x/sf] hg;ª\Vof nueu
afx| xhf/ 5 . k|l;4 ef/tLo kqsf/ 6L=Pg= uf]ks'df/ o;} :yfgsf x'g\ . oxfFsf]
l;/8L ;fO{afaf dlGb/, dxfClif ljBfkL7, oxfFsf] kIfL ceof/0o cflb klg rlr{t 5g\
. ;'lrGb|d\ y]?/ kIfL ceof/0o gofF ePsfn] o;n] cfjZos k|lqmof k"/f ul/;s]sf]
5}g . t}klg oxfFsf] l;d;f/sf] dxŒj kSs} 7"nf] 5 . oxfF tLgj6f o:tf l;d;f/
5g\ / oL tLgf]6} l;d;f/nfO{ ldnfP/ Ps lj:t[t\ r/f cf/If aGg nfu]sf] xf] .
$= db'/}
lxGbLdf Pp6f sxfjt 5 M
/v e/f];f v'b k/
Sof]+ 9"F9tf
x} kml/Zt]
klÔof]+ s] kf;
sxfF xf]t] x} gSz]
lkm/ eL 9"F9
n]t] x} /f:t] .
lhGbuLdf s'g} ;dodf Psbd lg/fz x'g'eof] eg] of] sljtf ;D´g'xf]nf . clg
d]/f] cg'/f]w M 3'Db}3'Db} db'/} k'Ug'xf]nf . cfkm"n] cfkm}Fdf e/f];f
ug'{k5{, O{Zj/n] ;fy lbg]5g\ .
ca db'/}sf] af/]df clnslt hfgsf/L a6'nf}F . oxfF hfg xjfO{, 6«]g tyf a;
;'ljwf 5g\ . oxfF kfFrj6f a8]a8] a;kfs{ 5g\ hxfFaf6 ef/tsf ljleGg ;x/;Dd hfgsf
nflu a;sf] ;'ljwf 5 . db'/} blÔ0fL ef/tsf] k|l;4 ;x/ xf] / o;sf] hg;ª\Vof nueu
;f9] c7f/ nfv 5 . d eG5', o; ;x/sf] e|d0f hLjgsf ;'vb cg'ejdWo] Ps xf] .
xfdLrflxF ;se/ 6«]gd} 3'Dg vf]Hof}F . 6«]gofqf g]kfnLsf nflu ljlzÓ
cg'ej xf] .
xfdL ofqfsf] 5}6f}F lbg cyf{t\ @)*) ;fn sf¨ts # ut] z'qmjf/ ;fF´ !) ah]
db'/} k'u]sf lyof}F . ca]/ ePsfn] sf]7f kfpg sl7g k5{ eG7fg]/ Pp6f c6f] kS|of}F
. c6f]jfnfnfO{ glhs}sf clns ;:tf xf]6ndf nUg eGof}F .
To;n] ;x/sf] lgs} kmf]xf]/ v08df k'¥ofof] . s]xL sf]7f b]vfof] . t/ tL
kmf]xf]/, ;fFu'/f / cFWof/f sf]7f klg lgs} dxFuf] kg]{ b]lvof] .
o;af6 sfd grNg] a'em]kl5 c6f]jfnfnfO{ labf u¥of}F . c6f]jfnfx¿ xf]6nsf
nflu bnfnL u5{g\ / u|fxs NofOlbPafkt sld;g lnG5g\ . of] cltl/St cfly{s ef/ klg
xfdLn] g} Aoxf]g'{k5{ . ctM To;nfO{ kG5fPkl5 aNn cfkm}Fn] Pp6f xf]6ndf sf]7f
lnof}F . 6fpgxn /f]8sf] To; xf]6nsf] gfd æ;/:jtL ejgd\ nlhªÆ /x]5 . ca]/ ePsfn]
xfdL;Fu vf;} ljsNk lyPg . leQfdf kfg y's]/ l3gnfUbf] kf/]sf] To; xf]6nsf
sd{rf/LrflxF af]n}of / ;xof]uL lyP . lkpgsf nflu o'eL lkmN6/sf] kfgL lbP .
sf]7f ;/b/ ;kmfOsf /x]5g\ . zfGt 7fpF x'gfn] a;fO ;xh g} eof] .
@! cS6f]a/, xf]6n ldng,
/fd]Zj/d\
lt?Kk/s'G8«d\ d'?ug sf]ljn, alGbo'/ dfl/cDdg
t]Kkfs'nd\, lt?dn}} gfoSs/ dxn, dLgfIfL ;'Gb/]Zj/, /fdgfyk'/d\, /fd]Zj/d\
s]xL jif{cl3 db'/}n] ef/tsf ;kmf ;x/dWo] Pssf] bhf{ kfPsf] lyof], t/
clxn] To:tf] nfu]g xfdLnfO{ . sDtLdf xfdL a;]sf] If]qrflxF kmf]xf]/ / cJojl:yt
g} nfUof] . x'g t o; v08df a8]a8] 3/, xf]6n / Jofkfl/s k|lti7fg /x]5g\ . ;x/sf]
k'/fgf] / s]Gb|Lo efu ePsfn] o;sf] ljz]if dxŒj /x]5 klg .
db'/}nfO{ æt'Ëgu/d\Æ cyf{t\
slxNo} glgbfpg] ;x/, dlGb/x¿sf] ;x/, rd]nL km"nsf] ;x/ / rf}af6fx¿sf] ;x/
eg]/ lrlgG5 . oxfF tldn, ;f}/fÓ«f, t]n'u' / pb"{ efiff Hofbf af]lnG5 .
df}o{ ;fd|fHosf nflu lu|s /fhb"t d]ufl:ygLn] O;fk"j{ t];|f]
ztfAbLdf db'/} ;x/sf] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . dgfn'/df ul/Psf] pTvggn] o; s'/fnfO{
k'gk'{lÓ u/]sf] 5 . kf08]o, rf]n, db'/} ;'Ntflgot, ljhogu/ ;fd|fHo, db'/} gfos,
s0ff{6s clw/fHo / cGTodf la|l6; zf;gdf of] e"ld zfl;t /x]sf] b]lvG5 . oxfF
s"bn chu/ dlGb/, dLgfÔL cDdfg dlGb/ / lt?dn} gfoSs/ dxn oL tLg NofG8dfs{
x'g\ . of] ;x/ w]/} c6f]df]afOn, s]ldsn, /a/ / u|]gfOg lgdf{0f pBf]usf sf/0f
klg k|l;4 5 . oxfFsf] rsn]6 ef/tel/ nf]slk|o 5 . cg]s cfsf/, ¿k, :jfb /
l8hfOgdf ag]sf oL rsn]6x¿ ef/tel/ lgMz'Ns 8]lne/Lsf] Joj:yf 5 .
db'/} zAb kvf{no'Ï ;x/ eGg] cy{df ag]sf] xf] . o;jl/kl/ kfOg] sbDaj[Ôsf
sf/0f jgx¿nfO{ sbDajgd\ elgG5 . jbdb'/} / dgdb'/} u/L b'O{ efu 5g\ . jbdb'/}
pQ/L v08 / dgdb'/} blÔ0fL v08 xf] . dgdb'/}nfO{ blÔ0fsf] dy'/f klg elgG5 .
s;}s;}n] o;nfO{ t]gsfzL cyf{t\ blÔ0fsf] sfzL eg]sf 5g\ . of] ;x/ vf;u/L tldn
efiff ;flxTosf] s]Gb| / j}i0fj ;Dk|bfosf] cfwf/e"ld xf] . oxfF a8]a8]
Clifd'lgx¿ eP h;n] j}i0fj ;Dk|bfosf] ljsf;df ljlzÓ of]ubfg k'¥ofP .
af}4 Oltxf; k':ts ædxfj+zÆsf cg';f/ O;fk"j{ 5}6f}F ztfAbLdf
/fhs'df/ ljhon] db'/}sf /fhf kf08'sL 5f]/L;Fu ljjfx u/]sf lyP . ;fy} ljhosf ;ft
;o k'?ifx¿n] db'/}sf ;ft ;o sGofx¿ ljjfx u/] . oL ;a}nfO{ ax'd"No u/uxgf
lbP/ >LnÍfsf] dxftLYydf k7fOof] . ;f] :yfg cfh dGgf/ pkåLk xf] .
O;fk"j{ 5}6f}F ztfAbLb]lv ToxfF lg/Gt/ O;fk"j{ t];|f] ztfAbL;Dd
a;f]jf; /x]sf] 1ft x'G5 . d]ufl:ygLsf] aofgdf o; :yfgnfO{ pgn] dyf]/f eg]sf 5g\
. sltn] pgsf] o; gfdsf] j0f{gnfO{ pQ/ ef/tsf] dy'/fsf] s'/f u/]sf] eg]sf 5g\,
lsgeg] df}o{sfndf dy'/f Ps ljzfn, Jojl:yt / ;DkGg ;x/ alg;s]sf] lyof] . db'/}
sf}l6Nosf] cy{zf:q k':tsdf klg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ‘dt'/}s0fRrL’h:tf ;Ëd ;flxTodf
klg o;sf] k|;Ë kf08]oj+zL /fhfx¿sf] /fhwfgLsf] ¿kdf cfpF5 . /f]dsf Oltxf;sf/
lKngL b oË/ / 6f]n]dLn] klg o;sf] lhls/ u/]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L lu|s :qfaf] /
Ol/ly|og ;Lsf k]l/Kn;n] klg o; ;x/sf] gfd lnPsf 5g\ .
;Ëd o'ukl5 db'/}dfq x}g, nueu ;d:t tldngf8'n] g} sne| /fhj+zsf] zf;g
kfof] . 5}6f}}F ztfAbLdf kf08\oj+zn] sne|j+znfO{ h/};lxt pv]n]/ ˆofFs]/ cfˆgf]
/fhj+z :yfkgf u/] .
db'/} !*)! df la|l6;sf] xftdf k'Uof] . !*^^ df of] gu/kflnsf 3f]lift
ul/of] .
otfsf gf/Ln] skfnsf] r'N7fdf rd]nLsf] ;]tf] ;'uGwL dfnf nfpF5g\ . htf
klg rd]nL km"n . ;'uGw . ;x/ g} rd]nLn] ;'ulGwt agfpg] . ;x/sf ;a} :yfg /
s'gfdf rd]nLsf] Jofkf/ . ;Ltfn] db'/}df cfP/ rd]nLsf] ;]tf], ;'lsnf] / ;'uGwL
dfnf nfpg] /x/ ul/g\ . efph"n] klg rd]nLsf] dfnf skfndf afFWg'eof] .
;Ltf Tof] ;'uGwL Zj]tk'ikxf/n] b]jL b]lvOg\ . dnfO{ slj lhof]uf{];
;]kml/;sf] Pp6f sljtf+zsf] ofb cfof] M
km"n rd]nLsf]
uf]w"lnsf] a]nf xf];\
jf k|eftsf] k|yd ls/0fsf],
km"n rd]nLsf] zfZjt 5
z'e|, Zj]t Ps cnª\s/0f .
rlr{t hdfOsfg slj Snfp8 d]s]n] rd]nL km"ndfly
n]v]sf] csf{] Pp6f sljtf dnfO{ w]/} dg k/]sf] lyof] . blIf0f ef/tLo sjloqL g]x
;'gLtfn] klg Pp6f hG8 sljtf n]v]sL 5g\ o; km"ndfly . To;f] t ;of}F sljn]
n]v]sf xf]nfg\ t/ dfly p4[t ;]kml/;sf] 5f]6f] sljtf dnfO{ hlxNo} dgk5{ .
!= dLgfIfL cDdfg dlGb/ M b'O{ xhf/ kfFr ;o jif{ k'/fgf] dLgfÔL
dftf dlGb/ db'/}sf] zfg xf] . of] dlGb/ db'/} ;x/sf] d'Vo efusf] lrqO{ l:6«6df
l;6L ;]G6/af6 nueu Ps lsnf]ld6/sf] b"/Ldf 5 . of] dlGb/ lzjhL / dLgfÔL
b]jLdf ;dlk{t 5 . oxfF ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu lgMz'Ns k|j]zsf] Joj:yf 5 /
eLcfO{kLx¿sf nflu ? %) b]lv !)) ;Ddsf] b:t'/ lnO{ ljz]if kf; lbOG5 .
blÔ0f ef/tdf cg]s ljzfn dlGb/ 5g\ . ljzfn k|fË0f, cfsif{s uf]k'/d\,
lzNk;f}Gbo{, /ªx¿sf] clegj cfFsng, Ps;] Ps d"¨t Pjd\ 5n5n ug]{ ;/f]j/x¿ M
log} ljZjk|l;4 dlGb/dWo] Ps xf] dLgfÔL ;'Gb/]Zj/ dlGb/ . of] dlGb/ :yfkTo /
jf:t'snfsf lx;fan] cfw'lgs ;dodf ;d]t ljZjsf cfZro{x¿dWo] Ps xf] . of] ljzfn
dlGb/ eujfg\ ;'Gb/]Zj/ cyf{t\ lzjhL / dLgfÔLsf nflu ;dlk{t dlGb/ xf] . dLgfÔL
eGgfn] df5fsf h:tf cfFvf ePsL dftf kfj{tL eGg] a'‰g'kb{5 . dLgfÔL dftf
kfj{tLsf] dT:o cjtf/ xf] .
oxfF kf08\oj+zL /fhfx¿n] nfdf] ;do zf;g u/]sf lyP . ltg} kf08\oj+zL
/fhfx¿n] dLgfÔL cDdfgsf] dlGb/ agfPsf x'g\ . b]jLsf ;jf{lws kljq dlGb/x¿dWo]
of] Ps xf] . sf~rL sfdfÔL, db'/} dLgfÔL, blÔ0f sGofs'df/L, sfzL ljzfnfÔL cflb
kfj{tLsf ljz]if dlGb/ x'g\ . ltg}dWo]sf] Ps xf] of] kf08\o /fhf dnoWjhåf/f
lgdf{0f u/fPsf] of] ljzfn dlGb/ . oxfF afx|j6f ljz]if uf]k'/d\ 5g\ / k"/f
dlGb/sf] kl/j|mdf, kl/e|d0f / bz{g ug{sf nflu k"/f Ps lbg vr{g'kb{5 .
syfcg';f/ kf08\o /fhf dnoWjhn] cl3Nnf] hGddf 3f]/ tk:of u/]sf lyP . o;}
tk:ofsf] kmn:j¿k dftf dLgfÔLsf] ¿kdf oL /fhfsxfF kfj{tL dftfn] 5f]/L eP/ hGd
lng'eof] . eujfg\ lzjhL klg ;'Gb/]Zj/sf] ¿kdf k[YjLdf cjtl/t x'g'eof] . lzjhLn]
dLgfÔL;Fu ljjfxsf] k|:tfj /fVg'eof] . of] k|:tfj :jLs[t eof] . elgG5, eujfg\
>Llji0f' :jod\ pkl:yt eP/ o; ljjfx sfo{j|mdsf] ;~rfng ug{ eg]/ cfpFb}
x'g'x'GYof] . lsGt' OGb|sf sf/0f pxfFnfO{ dfu{d} ljnDa eof] . o;}aLr :yfgLo
b]jtf s'08nåf/f pQm ljjfx sfo{j|md ;~rflnt eof] .
lji0f' eujfg\ cfOk'Ubf w]/} sd{ ;lsO;s]sf] lyof] . of] b]v]/ lji0f'
eujfg\ l/;fpg'eof] . pxfFn] db'/} ;x/df slxNo} gcfpg] k|lt1f ug'{eof] . pxfF
To;kl5 ;x/sf] ;Ldfaflx/sf] cNuf/ sf]len gfdsf] ;'Gb/ kj{tdf uP/ a:g'eof] . kl5
c¿ b]jLb]jtfx¿ uP/ pxfFnfO{ To;f] gug{ dgfP . clg pxfF cfP/ dLgfÔL /
;'Gb/]Zj/sf] kfl0fu||x0f u/fpg'eof] . of] ljjfx / lji0f' eujfg\nfO{ zfGt kfg{
dgfpg'nfO{ db'/} ;x/df ;a}eGbf 7"nf] rf8sf] ¿kdf dflgG5 . o; cj;/nfO{
‘lrQ/}/ lt?lj´f’ of ‘chs/ lt?lj´f’ cyf{t\ ;'Gb/ O{Zj/sf] pT;j elgG5 .
elgG5, dLgfÔL dlGb/sf] :yfkgf OGb|n] u/]sf x'g\ . OGb| cfˆgf s'sd{sf
sf/0f tLy{ofqfdf uO/x]sf lyP . To;} a]nf pgn] o; dlGb/sf] lgdf{0f u/fPsf x'g\ .
pgn] lzjhLsf] d"¨t lzjlnËsf] ¿kdf kfP . clg pgn] d"n dlGb/ agfpg nufP
. cfh klg ;f] dlGb/df k|frLg k|yfsf] kfngf ul/Fb} cfOPsf] 5 . pT;jsf] cj;/df
cfof]lht zf]efofqfdf OGb|sf] jfxgnfO{ klg :yfg k|fKt x'G5 .
s;}n] o;nfO{ ;ftf}F ztfAbLdf ag]sf] eg]sf 5g\ . t]x|f}F ztfAbLdf d'l:nd
cfj|mfGtf dlns sk"/n] o; dlGb/nfO{ gÓe|Ó kfl/lbP . t/ dlGb/sf k'hf/Lx¿
s;f]s;f] u/]/ d"n k|ltdfnfO{ hf]ufpg ;kmn eP .
oxfFsf] ljzfn k|fË0fdf ;'Gb/]Zj/ cyf{t\ lzjhL / afofFtkm{ dLgfÔL
b]jLsf] dlGb/ cjl:yt 5 . lzjdlGb/ ;d"xdf eujfg\ lzjsf] g6/fh ¿ksf] cfsif{s
k|ltdf 5 . of] k|ltdf Ps /ht j]bLdf :yflkt 5 . ;fdfGotM eujfg\ g6/fh g[To ub}{
x'g'x'Fbf cfˆgf] afofF kfp p7fPsf] b]V5f}F, lsGt' oxfF pxfFsf] bfofF kfp p7]sf]
5 . dLgfÔL b]jLsf] ue{u[x lzjhLsf] afofFtkm{ cjl:yt 5 . lgs6d} :j0f{k'isl/0fL
gfdsf] cToGt ;'Gb/ tnfp 5 . o;sf rf/}tkm{ lgld{t d08kx¿df cfsif{s lrqx¿ agfOPsf
5g\ . km/a/L dlxgfdf eujfg\ ;'Gb/]Zj/ / dftf dLgfÔL b]jLsf] k|ltdf ;hfP/ oxfF
gf}sfljxf/ u/fOG5 . lzjkfj{tLsf] ljjfx oxLF ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . elgG5, OGb|
oxLF cfP/ :j0f{sdn l6Kg] ub{y] .
oxfFsf] of] ;/f]j/ !^% lkm6 nfdf] / !@) lkm6 rf}8f 5 . eQmx¿ dlGb/df
k|j]z ug'{k"j{ o; k'isl/0fLsf] kl/j|mdf ub{5g\ . dLgfÔL cDdfg dlGb/df b]jL
dLgfÔLsf] Zofdj0f© k|ltdf cToGt ;'Gb/ 5 . blÔ0f ef/tLo k/Dk/fcg';f/ b]jLsf]
bz{g bLkssf] k|sfzdf dfq ug]{ ul/G5 .
oxfFsf] k|fË0fdf cg]sf}F d08kd\ agfOPsf 5g\ . ltgLx¿dWo] ;x;| :tDe
cToGt k|l;4 5 . o;df gf} ;o krf;Lj6f eJo :tDe 5g\ . oL ;a} :tDen] k|frLg b|lj8
lzNksnfsf cg'kd ufyf k|:t't ub{5g\ . o; d08kdf Ps snf ;ª\u|xfno klg 5 . o;df
k|frLg d"¨tx¿, lrq, 5foflrq tyf Oltxf;sf] lbUbz{g u/fOPsf] 5 . d08kd\sf]
klZrdf efudf h'g :tDe ag]sf] 5, Tof] ef/tLo lzNksf}znsf] >]i7 pbfx/0f xf] .
oxfFsf] h:tf] :tDe k"/f ljZjel/ sxLF klg kfOFb}g .
dLgfÔL dlGb/df laxfg kfFr ah]b]lv ;f9] afx| ah];Dd / ;fF´ rf/ ah]b]lv
/ftsf] gf} ah];Dd bz{g ug{ kfOG5 . dLgfÔL dlGb/nfO{ ljZjsf ;ft wfld{s cfZro{x¿dWo]
Ps dflgG5 . o;sf] lgdf{0fdf ldxLg lzNksf/Lsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . o;} ;"Id
lzNksf/Lsf sf/0f o;nfO{ ljZjsf ;ft dxfg\ cfZro{dWo] Ps pkflw ldn]sf] xf] . o;
dlGb/df k|ltlbg ;/b/ aL; xhf/ dflg; bz{gsf nflu cfpFb5g\ . z'j|mjf/sf lbg t of]
;ª\Vof a9]/ tL; xhf/;Dd k'Ub5 . xfdL z'j|mjf/ /ftsf] b;–P3f/ ah] dfq db'/}
k'Ug] x'Fbf zlgjf/ laxfgdfq bz{g ug{ kfpg] ePsf lyof}F . ctM pSt lbg plt;f/f]
eL8ef8 lyPg .
ko{6s tyf
>4fn'x¿af6 ul/Psf] bfg cflbaf6 a;]{lg nueu 5 s/f]8 ef/tLo ¿k}ofF o; dlGb/n]
k|fKt ub{5 . dlGb/df s'n t]QL; xhf/ d"¨t :yflkt 5g\ elgG5 . o;df b]jL
dLgfÔL cfˆgf] bflxg] xftdf Pp6f ;'uf lnPsL 5g\ . lzjhLn] hDdf kfFr :yfgdf
tf08jg[To ug'{ePsf] lyof] / tL kfFr :yfgdWo] of] Ps xf] eGg] dfGotf 5 . o;
dlGb/tkm{sf] ofqfnfO{ df]Ôofqf dflgG5 .
@= lt?dn} gfoSs/ dxn M
db'/} ;x/sf] d'Vo efudf dLgfÔL dlGb/eGbf k"j{k6\l6 Kofn]; Pl/of /x]5 . of]
b/af/ Kofn]; /f]8df /x]5 . tkfO{FnfO{ db'/}sf] k'/fgf] zfg–zf}st / Oltxf;sf]
t'h's x]g{ dg 5 eg] oxfF k'Ug'xf]nf . ;qf}F ztfAbLdf agfOPsf] of] b/af/ d'Vo
;x/af6 @ lsnf]ld6/ k/ /x]5 . o; dxnsf] e|d0fsf nflu ? !) k|j]z z'Ns nfUbf] /x]5
. dxnsf b'O{ lx:;f /x]5g\ M :ju{ljnf;d\ / /Ëljnf;d\ .
of] b/af/ O6flnog cfls{6]Sr/df ag]sf] x'gfn] xfd|f nflu ljz]if gofF g} x'g]
eOxfNof] . laxfg gf} ah]b]lv a]n'sf cf7 ah];Dd of] v'nf /xFbf] /x]5 . ;fF´df
nfO6 PG8 ;fpG8 ;f] x'G5 c/] . zlgjf/ ;fF´ df}sf ldNof] eg] ;f] sfo{j|md
x]g'{k5{ eGg] lyof] .
xfdLrflxF lbgsf] Ps ah]lt/ k'u]sf] x'gfn] nfO6 PG8 ;fpG8 ;f] x]g{
kfPgf}F . a? dxnsf ;a} efux¿, vf;u/L oxfF l:yt ;ª\u|xfnosf] cjnf]sgsf nflu
kof{Kt ;do lbg kfof}F . kmf]6f] klg k|z:t lvRof}F .
lgDg dxŒjsf :yfgx¿ j}uO{ gbLsf] blÔ0fk6\l6 5g\ . ;x/sf] aLr}aLr of] gbL
aUb5 .
#= ufGwL d]df]l/on Do'lhod M of] Do'lhod
td'Ssdsf] sn]S6/ /f]8df 5 . of] ejg db'/}sf] P]ltxfl;s b/af/ td'sd Kofn];leq
agfOPsf] 5 . s'g} ;dodf of] b/af/ gfos ;fd|fHosL /fgL dËfdnsf] b/af/ lyof] . o;
;ª\u|xfnodf ufGwLhL;Fu ;DalGwt kq, kmf]6f] / cGo j:t'x¿ k|blz{t ul/Psf 5g\ .
oxfF pgnfO{ nfu]sf] uf]nL / pgn] cGTosfndf nufPsf] wf]tL klg oxLF ;ª\u[xLt 5 . xfdLn]
;dofefjsf sf/0f of] x]g{ kfPgf}F .
$= lt?Kk/s'G8«d\ d'?ug sf]ljn M lt?k/Gs'G8«d\sf]
lau sf/ l:6«6df / d'Vo ;x/af6 gf} lsnf]ld6/hlt 6f9f 5 . of] dlGb/ laxfg kfFr
ah]b]lv ;fF´ gf} ah];Dd v'nf /xG5 . of] dlGb/ d'?ug b]jtfdf ;dlk{t 5 . blÔ0f
ef/tdf d'?ug b]jtf lzjhLsf k'qsf] ¿kdf cToGt ;Ddflgt / k"lht 5g\ . ljzfn
r§fgnfO{ vf]k]/ agfOPsf] o; dlGb/sf] sflnu8L / /ª–;+of]hg cg'kd 5 . oxfF hfg a;x¿
kof{Kt /x]5g\ . hfg–cfpg ;do w]/} nfUb}g . tLg–rf/ 306f ;do lgsfNg] xf] eg]
hfg–cfpg / bz{g ug{ ;do k'Unf . xfdLnfO{ nueu rf/ 306f nfu]sf] lyof] .
oxLF c?lNdu' ;'a|d0od :jfdL dlGb/ klg 5 . ;DejtM of] dlGb/ d'?ug
sf]ljneGbf cem cfsif{s / k|l;4 5, t/ oxfF xfdL k'u]gf}F .
%= d]/L’h Sofy]8«n M db'/}sf] O:6
j]nL l:6«6df cjl:yt of] rr{ db'/}sf] Ps k|ltli7t luhf{3/ xf] . ;x/sf] s]Gb|af6
nueu b'O{ lsnf]ld6/ k/sf] of] luhf{3/ uf]lys jf:t'snfsf] gd'gf xf] . 8]9 ;o
jif{eGbf k'/fgf] of] Sofyf]lns rr{ lj|m;d;df k|sfzsf] l´lnldnLdf g'xfPsf] x'G5
. xfdL o;df o;f] 5':; dfq k:of}F, Psb'O{ kmf]]6f] kmf]6f] lvr]/ lrQ a'emfof}F .
^= cltzfod M of] db'/}sf] Ps nf]slk|o
cDo'hd]G6 tyf jf6/kfs{ xf] . ;Q/L Ps8df km}lnPsf] of] kfs{df ;f7LeGbf Hofbf
/dfOnf v]n v]Ng kfOg]5 . ;KtfxfGtdf oxfF w]/} ofq' dgf]/~hgsfy{ cfpF5g\ . xfdL
cltzfod hfg] of]hgfdf lyPgf}F, uPgf}F klg .
&= sfhLdf/ a8L dl:hb M db'/} d'Vo
;x/df k]l/of/sf] sfhLdf/ l:6«6df 5 of] k|l;4 dl:hb . of] db'/} ;x/sf] ;a}eGbf
k'/fgf] dl:hb xf] . o;nfO{ a8L dl:hb eGg'sf] sf/0f oxfF Ps;fy ;f9] b'O{ xhf/
JolQmn] Ps;fy gdfh k9\g ;S5g\ . of] dl:hb t]x|f}F ztfAbLdf xh/t d'xDdbsf j+zh
xh/ sfhL ;}ob th'2Lgn] :yflkt u/]sf x'g\ . k|j]z lgMz'Ns 5 . xfdLn] of] dl:hb
;8saf6} x]¥of}F, leq x]g{ k;]gf}F .
*= j}uO{ afFw M u]:6 xfp; /f]8, d]ndËnd\,
db'/} . k|s[ltk|]dLx¿sf nflu of] afFwsf] cjnf]sg Ps cf};t cj;/ xf] . db'/}
;x/af6 ^% lsnf]ld6/ k/sf] of] :yfg laxfg ^ ah]b]lv a]n'sf ^ ah];Dd v'nf /xG5 .
ædb'/} e|d0f ug{ cfpg] clg ToxfF gk'Ug] < o:tf] klg x'G5 < tkfO{Fx¿sf]
ofqf cw'/f] ck"/f] xf]nf x} .Æ o;f] eg]/ xfd|f] xf]6njfnf s/fpFb} lyof] .
t/ klg xfdLn] o; :yfgnfO{ 5'g / x]g{ ;do lgsfNg ;s]gf}F .
(= alGbo'/ df/LcDdfg t]Kkfs'nd\ M
dLgfÔLgu/df l:yt of] :yfg ;f]x| Ps8df km}lnPsf ljzfn tnfp xf] . o; s'08sf]
aLrdf Ps dlGb/ agfOPsf] 5 . o; dlGb/nfO{ blÔ0f ef/tsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf]
tnfpdf lgld{t dlGb/sf] ¿kdf lrlgG5 . oxfF k"l0f{dfsf] lbg ljz]if /f}gs
b]lvG5 eGg] ;'lgof] . oxfF hfgsf nflu gf]e]Da/b]lv dfr{;Dd pko'Qm dflgG5 c/],
xfdL cS6f]a/df k'Ugfn] df/LcDdfg tnfpsf] kfgL 36]/ lkFwd} k'u]sf] /x]5 .
oxfFsf] avf{ ;'? x'g nfu]sf] x'gfn] avf{cl3sf] tnfpdf 8'ª\uf rnfpg g;lsg] s'/f
:yfgLon] atfP .
ækfgL tLg lkm6eGbf sd 5, 8'ª\uf rNb}gg\ .Æ dlGb/sf] k"j{k6\l6sf]
lrofk;ndf lrof vfFb} ubf{ tL :yfgLo lrofk;n]n] eg] . xfdLn] kf]v/Lsf] l8naf6
dlGb/sf] bz{g u/\of}F . dlGb/ w]/} 7"nf] / eJo /x]5 . e/v/} /ª nufPsfn]
xf] ls Psbd} rlDsnf], ;kmf / cfsif{s b]lvof] .
tnfpsf] pQ/k6\l6 csf]{ k|frLg dlGb/ /x]5 M >L d'ÏLZj// dlGb/
jfo':yfgd\ . To:t} csf{] klg dlGb/ glhs} 5 M >L c?lNdu' sfne}/j lt?sf]ljn .
dfl/cDdfg t]Kkfs'nd\sf] pQ/k6\l6 ljzfn sn]h 5 M Tofu/fhf/ sn]h . To;df k;]/
cjnf]sg ug{] dg lyof] t/ d"nåf/af6} xfdLnfO{ k:g lgif]w ul/of] . udL{
pTkft eof] eg]/ zLtn tfKg / kfgL vfgsf nflu rflxF Psl5g k:g kfof}F .
t]Kkfs'nd\’ zAbsf] cy{ dlGb/ ePsf] tnfp eGg] x'Fbf] /x]5 . otflt/ w]/} 7fpFdf
aLrdf s'g} b]jLb]jtfsf] dlGb/ agfOPsf] ljzfn tnfp x'G5 / o:tf wfld{s tnfpnfO{
t]Kkfs'nd\ eGbf /x]5g\ .
o;kl5 xfdL 5]j}sf] j}uO{ gbL x]g{ uof}F . gbL t s] eGg', gfddfqsf] /x]5
. avf{ nfUg'cl3sf] vf]nf], To;} klg ;fgf], To;dfly xfdL t gbL eGgf;fy sf];L,
u08sL, s0ff{nL, uª\uf cflbnfO{ a'em\g] dfG5], o;f] x]bf{v]l/ O6x/Lsf] 6]ª\u|f
vf]nf]eGbf ultnf] b]lvPg . kfgL geP klg k'n nfdf] 5 / gbLsf] km}nfj6 w]/} rf}8f
5 .
kms{]/ t]Kkfs'nd\ a; :6]G8d} cfof}F .
!)= ogfO{dnfO{ M k|s[lt, Oltxf; / wfld{s
:ynsf] ;dfud . r§fgdf s'FlbPsf h}g wd{;DaGwL snfs[ltsf nflu gfd'b . ;x/L
eL8ef8af6 k/ ePsfn] tkfO{FnfO{ v'nfkgsf] cg'ej u/fpg]5 . of] :yfg db'/}sf]
g/l;+xd\ Ô]qdf 5 . oxfF k'Ug db'/}sf] d'Vo ;x/L v08af6 gf} lsnf]ld6/ k5{ . oxfF
s'g} k|j]z z'Ns nfUb}g . xfdL oxfF klg hfg ;s]gf}F . ;do sd eOlbof] .
!@= s"8n chu/ dlGb/ M s"8n
chu/ dlGb/ db'/}sf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] dlGb/ dflgG5 . ef/tsf Ps ;o cf7 j}i0fj
dlGb/dWo] of] klg Ps xf] . oxfF Ps u?8d08kd\ klg 5 hxfF u?8 kÔLsf] cToGt
7"nf] k|ltdf agfO{ :yflkt ul/Psf] 5 . w]/} ;'Gb/ /x]5 . db'/} hfg]n] of]
dlGb/sf] bz{g ug{ g5'6fpg" eG5' d .
db'/} k'u]kl5 oxfFsf] gfd'b O8nL vfg}k5{ . gl/jn r6gL, ;Daf/, cg]s d;nf
/ crf/x¿;lxt oxfFsf] O8nL vfg'sf] dhf ljlzi6 5 . db'/}df x]g'{kg]{ 7fpF,
a'em\g'kg]{ s'/f, hfGg'kg]{ syf w]/} /x]5g\ t/ xfdL o; :yfgsf nflu olt dfq ;do
lnP/ cfPsf x'gfn] lbpF;f] /fd]Zj/d\sf nflu 6«]g kqmg bf}l8xfNof}F . t/ afx|
ah]sf] 6«]g 5'l6xfn]5 . ca rf/ ah]sf] 6«]g kqmg' of t a;df hfg'kg]{ eof] .
æa;df hfcf}F .Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
æa;df hfg'eGbf t a? l9n} eP klg 6«]gd} hfcf}F .Æ d}n] c8\8L lnPF .
t/ e/] yfxf eof], 6«]g t /fd]Zj/d\;Dd ghfg] kf] /x]5 . kfDag k'n dd{t
eO/x]sfn] 6«]g t ptf /fdgfyk'/d\;Dd dfq hfg] /x]5 . ToxfFaf6 ptf a; g;dftL
gx'g] /x]5 . d}n] lnPsf] lg0f{o ;a}sf nflu afWosf/L eOlbof], t/ of] lg0f{o unt
7xl/of] . x}/fgLdfq eof] .
t/ 6«]gdf eL8ef8 lyPg . ;lhn} hfg kfOof] . af6fdf /fdgfyk'/d\eGbf
cl3Nnf] :6];g k/dfs'8L;Dd hfg] s]6Lx¿ lyP . v'a /dfOnf . xF;fP . cª\u|]hL
sdhf]/ eP klg logLx¿ km'6'6' af]Ny] . Pp6LrflxF x}b/fafbdf a:tL /lx5, lxGbL klg
clncln a'em\yL . af]NgrflxF To;nfO{ sl7g lyof] . h] eP klg af6f] s6fpgsf nflu
logLx¿;Fu cy{ g ay{sf s'/fsfgL ul/of] . ;d"xdf kmf]6f] klg lvlrof] .
/fdgfyk'/d\df k'u]kl5 yfxf eof] clGtd a; klg 5'l6;s]sf] /x]5 . d ToxLF
a;f}F eg]/ sf]7f vf]Hg uPF .
sf]7f klg ldn]g . ;a} xf]6n / nhx¿ Kofs lyP . ofq'x¿ xfdLh:t} cnkq
ePsfn] :yfgLo nhx¿ kof{Kt ePgg\ . c¿a]nf ePsf] eP oxfF sf] /f]lsGYof] / <
cGTodf xfdLn] Pp6f a; kqmg afWo x'g'k¥of] . ef8f klg rf/ u'gf dxFuf]
lnof] .
/fd]Zj/d\ k'Ubf /ftsf] P3f/ ah]sf] lyof] . aNnaNn sf]7f kfOof] .
%= /fd]Zj/d\
-@@ cS6f]a/ M xf]6]n
c?0f, lt?lr/fkNnL_
/fdgfy:jfdL, wg'ifsf]8L, cl/rn d'gO{, ljeLif0f dlGb/,
PkLh] cAb'n snfd, ;fIfL xg'dfg, /fdf/kfbd\
xfdL o; jif{sf] b;}F kj{sf] cÓdL, gjdL / ljhof bzdLsf ;dodf /fd]Zj/d\df
ko{6g/t x'g]5f}F eg]/ d}n] of]hgf agfPsf] lyPF . xfdL dxf;KtdLsf] /ftsf] P3f/
ah] k'Uof}F . k'u]sf] ef]lnkN6 dxfci6dLsf] x'gfn] /fd]Zj/d\ bz{gsf] ;jf]{Qd lbg
lyof] . cfOtjf/ klg x'gfn] glhs}sf ;x/x¿af6 cfPsf ef/tLo tLy{ofq'sf] eL8
l5rf]nLg;Sg'sf] lyof] . ;a} xf]6n–nh ef/tel/sf tLy{ofqLn] el/e/fp lyP . 5tdf
/fv]sf vf6 klg vfnL /x]g5g\ . lgs}a]/ bf}8w'k u/]kl5 dfq a8f] d'l:snn] sf]7f
kfOof] . vfglkg cflb ;Stf ;f9] afx| ah] dfq ;'Tg kfOof] .
dxfci6dLsf] cj;/df >L/fd]Zj/wfdsf] bz{g ug]{ nfn;f kfn]/ cfPsf xfdL
laxfg tLg ah] g} p7\of}F . g'xfOw'jfO ;s]/ clUgtLy{d\;Dd gfª\u} v'6\6f k}bn uof}F
. clUgtLy{d\df k'Ubf t cgf}7f] nfUg] u/L tLy{ofqLsf] eL8 hld;s]sf] b]lvof] .
cFWof/f] t lyof] t/ aQL afn]/ emndNn kf/]/ ;d'b|df k:g klg ;xh x'g] agfPsf
/x]5g\ . hlt eL8 eP klg xf]xNnf lyPg, blIf0f ef/tLo cg'zf;g, zflGtlk|otf /
lzi6tfn] clUgtLy{d\sf] ul/df cem plhNofPsf] lyof] .
t'?Gt clUgtLy{d\df :gfg u/L kmls{xfNof}F . oxfF :gfg u/]sf] lr;f]
n'ufd} ptf afO; s'08sf] :gfg ug{' ;xh x'g] x'gfn] xtf/xtf/ nfOg nfUof}F . lr;f]
sk8f nfPs} cj:yfdf nfOgdf nfu]sf, leq k'u'Gh]ndf hLpd} ;a} ;'s] . t/ s'08x¿df
:gfg ug{ yfn]kl5 k'gM sk8f hLpd} 6fFl;P/ ef/L eof] . leh]sf] sk8fdf w]/}a]/
Pp6f s'08af6 csf]{ ub}{ g'xfpFb} lxF8\bf Hofgsf] b'u{lt x'Fbf] /x]5 . t/ klg
efjgfsf] t/ª\u / pNnf;sf] Gofgf]n] s]xL klg c;lhnf] dx;'; gx'g] /x]5 .
clg bz{gsf nflu csf]{ nfOg nfUg'kg]{ . lr;} sk8fdf . bz{g ul/of] .
>L/fd]Zj/d\ bz{g u/L lg:sFbf lbpF;f]sf] P3f/ ah]sf] lyof] Sof/ . aflx/ s]xL
kf]h kmf]6f] lnof}F / k'gM gfª\u} v'6\6f xf]6ndf kmls{of}F .
/fd]Zj/d\ dlGb/ M
of] eJo, k|frLg Pjd\ ljzfn dlGb/ tldngf8'sf] /fdgfyk'/d\ lhNnfdf cjl:yt
5 . oxfF :yflkt lzjlnËnfO{ ef/tsf åfbz lzjlnË cyf{t\ Hof]ltln{ª\udWo] Ps dflgG5
. o; dlGb/nfO{ :yfgLo efiffdf c?lNdu' >L/fdgfy:jfdL sf]lon gfdn] af]nfOG5 .
dlGb/ kfDag åLkdf 5 . zª\v cfsf/sf] o; ;fgf] åLk;Dd k'Ugsf nflu /]ndfu{ tyf
;8sdfu{sf k'n ag]sf 5g\ . o; dfu{af6 /]n r9\g' ljlzÓ cg'ej x'G5 . tkfO{F
/fd]Zj/d\ k'Ug'eof] eg] oxfF ;d'b|dflysf] k'ndf /]nofqf ug{ g5'6fpg'xf]nf .
;d'b|df kfgLsf] ;tx sd ePsf] a]nfdf oxfFsf] k'n prflnG5 / hxfhx¿ ;lhn} rNg
kfpF5g\ . hxfhx¿ s6]kl5 k'n k'gM cfˆgf] k"jf{j:yfdf kms{G5 . xfdL uPsf]
a]nfdf rflxF k'nsf] k'gMlgdf{0f sfo{ rln/x]sfn] of] cj;/ kfPgf}F, vNnf] eof] .
/fd]Zj/ dlGb/sf] kf}/fl0fs syf M
/fd]Zj/sf] >L/fdgfy:jfdL dlGb/sf] syf w]/} k'/fgf] 5 . o;
Hof]ltln{ª\usf] :yfkgf eujfg\ >L/fd :jod\n] ug'{ePsf] dflgG5 . cu:To d'lgsf]
pkb]z kfO{ ;Ltfsf ;fydf >L/fdn] of] dlGb/ :yfkgf ug'{ePsf] xf] . ha
>L/fdn] /fj0fsf] jw ug'{eof], pxfFnfO{ a|áxTof nfUof] . Clif k'n:Tosf] gflt,
Clif lj>jfsf] k'q lyof] . /fÔ;L dftf s}s;Lsf] nfngkfngdf x's]{sfn] p;sf]
rl/q /fÔ;L x'g uPsf] lyof] . /fÔ;Lsf] k'q eP klg a|fá0fsf] k'q ePsfn]
>L/fdnfO{ a|áxTof nfu]sf] xf] . o;} a|áxTofsf] kfk w'gsf nflu >L/fdn]
nÍfaf6 kms]{/ oxfF lzjlnËsf] :yfkgf ug'{ePsf] xf] elgG5 .
>L/fdn] xg'dfgnfO{ cfb]z lbg'eof]– æx] c~hg]o Û ltdL sfzL hfpm /
lzjlnË lnP/ cfpm .Æ
xg'dfg t kjg;'t lyP . pgL t'?Gt jfo'j]un] p8]/ s}nf;df k'u] . t/
xg'dfgnfO{ kms{gdf l9nfO eof] . ;Ltf dftfn] pQ/tkm{ x]g'{eof], xg'dfgsf] s'g}
cQf]kQf] lyPg . lzjlnª\usf] :yfkgf ug]{ z'e ;fOt pDsg] 8/ ePkl5 pxfFn] afn'jf
lnP/ To;nfO{ df6fn] afFwL Ps lzjlnËsf] lgdf{0f u\g'{eof] . of] b]v]/ >L/fd
w]/} v';L x'g'eof] . lgot ;dodf pxfFn] ;f]xL lzjlnËnfO{ tf]lsPsf] :yfgdf :yflkt
ug'{eof] .
o;sf] s]xL ;doleq}df xg'dfg s}nf;af6 eujfg\sf] cf1fcg';f/ Ps lzjlnË
lnP/ cfOk'u] . >L/fdn] ;Ltfdftfn] agfpg'ePsf] ;fgf] lzjlnª\us} ;fydf
xg'dfgn] sfzLaf6 NofPsf] sfnf] kTy/sf] ljzfn lzjlnËnfO{ klg :yflkt ul/lbg'eof]
. cfh klg /fd]Zj/d\sf] d'Vo dlGb/df oL b'j} lzjlnË k"lht 5g\ . ;Ltfdftfn]
afn'jfaf6 agfpg'ePsf] lzjlnª\unfO{ /fdlnª\ud\ elgG5 eg] xg'dfgn] s}nf;af6
NofPkl5 >L/fdaf6 :yflkt lzjlnª\unfO{ ljZjlnª\ud\ elgG5 . h;/L b'O{ cnu cnu
lzjlnË 5g\, p;}u/L oxfF kfj{tLhLsf klg b'O{ cnucnu d"¨t 5g\ . b]jLsf] Ps
d"¨tnfO{ kj{tjlw{gL elgG5 eg] csf]{ d"¨t ljzfnfÔLsf] ¿kdf k'lhG5 .
/fd]Zj/d\ ef/tsf rf/wfddWo] Ps wfd xf] . ab/Lgfy, /fd]Zj/d\, åf/sf /
k'/L rf/ wfd x'g\ . xfdL klxNo} k'/L / åf/sfsf] ofqf u/L tLyf{6g–bz{g ug{ ;kmn
ePsf x'gfn] xfd|f nflu o; tLy{sf] ljz]if dxŒj 5 . ef/tsf afx| Hof]ltln{ËdWo]
of] Ps ePsfn] klg xfd|f nflu o; tLy{sf] bz{g 7"nf] efUosf] s'/f xf] . syfcg';f/
oxfF eujfg\ ef]n]gfyn] cfkm}F cfP/ >L/fdnfO{ bz{g lbg'ePsf] lyof] .
/fj0fn] x/]/ nÍf k'¥ofpg'ePsL ;LtfdftfnfO{ ckx/0fd'Qm u/L kmsf{P/
Nofpgsf nflu >L/fdn] 7"nf] jfg/;]gfsf] ;fy lng'ePsf] lyof] . oxfFaf6
;]t' lgdf{0f u/L ljzfn jfg/ ;]gf nÍf k'u]sf] lyof] . gnn] oxfF k'n agfOlbP eGg]
syf 5 .
/fdgfy:jfdL dlGb/ ePsf] ;fgf] ‘kfDag’ gfdsf] 6fk' ef/tsf] d"n
e"ldaf6 Psbd glhs 5 / /]n tyf a;dfu{af6 of] d'Vo e"ld;Fu kfDag ;]t'n]
hf]l8Psf] 5 . of] :yfg >LnÍfsf] dGgf/ 6fk'af6 rfnL; lsnf]ld6/ dfq k5{ .
oxfF uPsf] a]nf ;Dej ePdf wg'ifsf]8Lsf] ofqf klg ug'{k5{, of] ;'vb
cg'ej x'G5 . xfdLn] Pp6f 6\ofS;L aGbf]a:t u/]/ afx| :yfgsf] e|d0fsf] of]hgf u¥of}F
. tL afx| :yfg sf]b08/fd:jfdL -ljeLif0f_ dlGb/, wg'ifsf]8L, cl/rn dnO{, PkLh]
cAb'n snfd ;ª\u|xfno, /fdtLy{d\, nId0ftLy{d\, dxfk|e' a}7s, k~rd'vL xg'dfg,
t}/g] kTy/, uGwdfbg kj{tl:yt /fdf/kfbd\, ;fIfL xg'dfg, >Ls[i0fk|0ffdL dª\un
dlGb/ cflb x'g\ . /fd]Zj/d\ / clUgtLy{d\ xfdL klxNo} k'lu;s]sf, kfDag la|hrflxF
cfpFbf hfFbf cjnf]sg ug{ ;lsg] ePsfn] 6\ofS;Ldf uO/xg] s'/f] lyPg . glhs}sf]
O:sg dlGb/ x/] s[i0f ;T;ª\u dlGb/rflxF hfg ;do lgsfNg hflgPg . To;f] t ;d'b|sf]
g'lgnf] kfgL l6«6d]G6 u/L vfg of]Uo agfpg] KnfG6, uhtLy{d\ / s'd'btLy{d\ klg
hfg ;s]sf] eP yk cg'ej kfOg] lyof] .
/fd]Zj/d\ dlGb/ ;'j{0fdo 5 . /fd]Zj/d\sf] bz{g ug'{ sl7g 5, eL8ef8sf
sf/0f . c´ ;f]djf/ kl/of] eg] t eL8 l5rf]lng;Sg' x'g]5 . zlgjf/ / cfOtjf/ ef/tdf
labf x'g] ePsfn] 5'6\6L dgfpg] ef/tLosf] pkl:ylt 7"nf] x'Fbf] /x]5 .
To;dfly ljhof bzdLsf] ;dodf t oxfF jf; kfpg} sl7g .
clUgtLy{d\ M oxfF k'Ug xfOj]af6 ´Gg} Ps
lsnf]ld6/ k5{ . xfOj]sf] /fd]Zj/d\ df]8af6 clnslt blÔ0faf6 k"j{ hfg] ;8s
kj|mg'k5{ . c6f] lnO/xg kb}{g, t/ c6f]jfnfn] b'O{ lsnf]ld6/ k5{ eg]/ em'Sofpg]
8/ x'g] /x]5 . /fdgfy:jfdL dlGb/sf] k"j© u]6af6 clUgtLy{d\ Psbd glhs k5{ .
!)) ld6/hlt dfq k"j{df . clUgtLy{d\ bz{g ug'{ eg]sf] uËf:gfgh:t} xf] t/
oxfFsf] kfgL g'lgnf] 5 . ;of}F dflg; g'xfO/x]sf x'G5g\ . s;}n] rflxF k~r:gfg
u/]/ kms{G5g\ . clUgtLy{d\df 5fn sd x'Fbf] /x]5 . clUgtLy{d\df :gfg ul/;s]kl5
sk8f lgrf]g]{ clg ;f]xL lr;f] sk8f nfP/ afO; s'08sf] bz{g ug{ hfg] xf] .
cfˆgf ;fdfg, h'Qf–rKkn klxNo} xf]6ndf 5fl8of] eg] ;lhnf] kg]{ /x]5 .
df]afOn t nUg}k¥of], kmf]6f] lvRgsf nflu . To;nfO{ klg Knfl:6sn] /fd|/L
a]g'{k5{ . dlGb/leq df]afOn cg'dlt 5}g, k:g] a]nfdf Tof] klg ns/df /fVg] xf] .
c¿ s]xL ;fdfg afFsL 5g\ eg] tL klg ns/d} /fVg'k5{ . ;fgf] ns/sf] krf; ?lkofF
ltg'{k5{, 7"nf] ns/sf] ;o ?lkofF . cfˆgf] ;fydf clnslt k};frflxF lnP/}
lxF8\g'k5{, k|j]z z'Ns / s'08:gfg z'Ns ltg'{ kl/xfNof] . dlGb/df r9fpg, aflx/
lg:sgf;fy s]xL vfg klg k};f geO{ x'Fb}g . t/ Tof] k};f glehf];\ eGgfvflt/
Knfl:6sn] Psbd alnof]u/L afFWg'k5{ .
bz{g s;/L ug]{ M ;j{k|yd clUgtLy{ :gfg ug]{
. clg pQ/9f]sfaf6 k:g] . e/;s ufO8 lng] . ufO8n] ;d"xsf nflu b'O{ xhf/
n]nfg\, 7"nf] ;d"xdf uOof] eg] ufO8 ;]jfz'Ns ;:tf] k5{ . leq afO;
s'08 :gfgsf] ;dodf ufO8 ePsf] 6f]nLn] l56f] kfnf] kfpFbf] /x]5 .
afO; s'08sf] :gfgkl5 dlGb/ bz{g ug]{ xf] clg sk8f km]g]{ xf] . dlxnfn]
g'xfO;s]kl5 km]/kmf/ ug{sf nflu csf]{ Ps hf]/ sk8f af]Sg] . xfdLn] rflxF kmfN6'
sk8f af]s]sf lyPgf}F . udL{ ;do x'gfn] leh]sf] sk8f nfP/ lxF8\gdf sl7gfO ePg .
z/L/sf] sk8f z/L/d} ;'lsxfNof] . laxfgsf] cf/tL / >L/fdgfy:jfdL
Hof]ltln{ª\usf] bz{gnfO{ dl0fbz{g elgG5 . s'08:gfg / dl0fbz{gkl5 aflx/ lg:sg] .
dfly g} eg]sf] 5', ;fydf df]afOn, Sofd/f, 5fnfsf cfO6d s]xL nUg kfOFb}g
. rKkn gnufpg] . rKkn /fVg] 7fpF kfOFb}g . a]kQf x'g]5g\ . ;a} ;fdfg xf]6nd}
5f8]/ cfpg] . a]sf/df b'Mv x'G5 gq . ns/ kfpg} sl7g, dxFuf] klg . lg:sFbf
klZrdL åf/af6 lg:sg] . lg:sg t c¿ 9f]sfaf6 klg ldN5, t/ klZrdLaf6 lg:sg' ;xh
x'G5 . cfˆgf] xf]6n htf 5, Tot}sf] 9f]sfaf6 lg:sg' cem a]; xf]nf .
laxfg hlt ;Sof] Tolt rfF8f] hfg' a]; .
dl0fbz{gsf] ;do laxfg ;f9] tLg ah]b]lv 5 ah];Dd xf] . gf/Ln] dlGb/leq ;f/L
of s'tf{ ;'?jfn nufpg kfOG5 . gf/Lsf nflu ;6{KofG6 jf afx'nf gePsf n'uf cg'dlt
5}g . k'?ifsf nflu To:tf] vf; lgod geP klg xfkm KofG6 gnufpg' a]; xf] . dl0fbz{gsf
nflu pQ/L åf/af6 leq l5g'{kb{5 . lgMz'Nsjfnf nfOg Psbd eL8ef8o'Qm x'G5 . kRrL;
?lkofFjfnf nfOg nfdf] x'G5, nueu Ps lsnf]ld6/sf] . Psbd eL8 x'G5, lzjlnËsf]
bz{g nueu ;ft ld6/sf] b"/Laf6 ug{ kfOg]5 . b'O{ ;o ltg]{n] Ps ;ohlt
ld6/sf] nfOgdf a:g]5g\ / nueu kfFr ld6/sf] b"/Laf6 bz{g ug{ kfpg]5g\ .
kGw| ;o ?lkofF ltg]{ eLcfO{kLn] Psbd glhsaf6 bz{g ug{ kfpg]5g\ / nfOgdf al;/xg
klg kb}{g . leqsf] sl/8f]/ cToGt eJo / ;'Gb/ 5, nfdf] dfq xf]Og . xfdLn] rflxF
lgMz'Nsjfnf nfOg ;dft]/ bz{g u¥of}F . Tolt nfdf] nfOg xf]Og, olt 6f9faf6 uPkl5
olta]/ nfOgdf a:tf s'g} v]b x'Fb}g . dnfO{ eGg'x'G5 eg] oL nfOgdf c¿ eSthgsf]
eL8df ldl;g kfpg' / w}o{k"j{s cfkm\gf] kfnf] kv{g'sf] ;'v g} cnUu 5 .
afO; s'08 :gfgsf] kRrL; ?lkofF ltg'{k5{ . Ogf/af6 kfgL l´s]/ vGofOlbg]
x'g\, k};f To;}sf] lnPsf . /fd]Zj/d\ dlGb/sf] sl/8f]/ ef/tsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf]
sl/8f]/ xf] .
/fd]Zj/d\df jf; sxfF a:g] <
wd{zfnf M ;d"xdf uPsf] a]nf wd{zfnfx¿sf] jf; 7Ls x'G5 . wd{zfnf /
xf]6nx¿ dlGb/ kl/;/af6 cfwfb]lv Ps lsnf]ld6/df 5g\ . ;a}eGbf ;:tf] log}
wd{zfnfsf] jf; x'g]5 . wd{zfnfsf sf]7fsf] ef8f @%) b]lv #)) ?lkofF k5{ . csf]{
ljsNk oxfFsf] /fd]Zj/d\ ;]jf 6«:6sf sf]7f 5g\ . tLg lbg klxNo} a's ul/;Sg'kg]{5
. sf]7fef8f %)) hlt kb{5 . /fd]Zj/d\df lghL xf]6ndf sf]7f lnFbf %)) b]lv !)))
;Dd kb{5 elgP klg xfdLn] aNnaNn ? !%)) uf]6fsf b'O6f sf]7f kfof}F . sf]7f ;fgf
eP klg dxFuf nfUof] .
wd{zfnfx¿ M aª\u'/ wd{zfnf, ef/t ;]jf>d ;ª\3 -/]nj] :6];gg]/_,
dfx]Zj/L eQmlgjf; wd{zfnf, >L/fd~ho]g 5qd\, dxfk|e'hL a}7s -nId0f s'08,
/]nj] :6];gglhs_, uf]:jfdL dfbd 6«:6, >Ls[i0fk|0ffdL dËn dlGb/ .
oxfFsf xf]6nx¿df l;Ën cSo'k]G;L sf]7f nueu kfOFb}g . hf]8f cyjf
kfl/jfl/s sf]7f dfq ;xh} kfOG5 . hlxNo} dflg;sf] eL8ef8 x'g] x'Fbf sf]7f kfpg
plt;f/f] ;lhnf] 5}g . olb sf]7f kfpg w]/} sl7g x'g] a'l´of] eg] krf; lsnf]ld6/
j/}sf] /fdgfyk'/d\df a:g ;lsG5 . otf klg sf]7f ;:tf]rflxF kSs} klg kb}{g .
xfdLn] pQ/df gj/fq dgfO/x]sf] a]nfdf otf /fd]Zj/d\df u'8L kj{ dgfOG5 /
eL8ef8 klg 8/nfUbf] x'g] x'G5 . /fdgfyk'/d\df xf]6n, nh k|z:t 5g\ .
/fdgfyk'/d\df a:g k'luof] eg] oxfFsf] /fhb/af/ x]g{ 5'6fpg'x'Fb}g . /fd]Zj/d\df
rflxF dlGb/af6 hlt k/ uof] plt sd xf]6n 5g\ . tL dxFuf klg xf]nfg\ . To;}n]
dlGb/sf] pQ/, blÔ0f jf klZrdlt/sf ;:tf xf]6n jf wd{zfnf vf]Hg' a]; xf]nf .
wg'ifsf]8L M
wg'ifsf]8L /fdfo0fsyf;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . /fd;]t'sf] lgdf{0f oxLFaf6 ;'?
ul/Psf] lyof] . s]xL klxn] oxfF;Dd /]ndfu{ lyof] . oxfF 7"nf] ahf/ lyof] .
:s'n lyP . s]–s] lyP . t/ !(^$ sf]
;d'b|L cfFwLn] wg'ifsf]8L Wj:t kfl/lbof] . ;'gfdLn] ;a}yf]s Ps} em6\sfdf Wj:t eof]
. ca ToxfF sf]xL :yfoL 3/ agfP/ a:t}g, ;/sf/n] :yfoL a;f]jf;sf] cg'dlt glbP klg
em'k|femfk|L agfP/ dflg; a:tf /x]5g\ . w]/}h;f] dflg; lbpF;f] cfpF5g\– Jofkf/L,
vfg]s'/f a]Rg] / d5'jf/]x¿– clg ;fF´df /fd]Zj/d\ kms{G5g\ .
wg'ifsf]8L k'u]sf] a]nfdf ToxfFsf] eTs]sf] /]nj] :6];g, /]ndfu{ cflb
x]g]{ xf] . kms]{/ cfpFbf af6}df kg]{ ljeLif0f dlGb/ klg x]l/xfNg] . of]
wg'ifsf]8Laf6 kfFr lsnf]ld6/ / /fd]Zj/d\af6 t]x| lsnf]ld6/hlt k5{ .
/fd]Zj/d\ hfFbf /fdgfy:jfdLsf] dlGb/afx]s x]g]{kg]{ csf]{ 7fpF xf]
PkLh] cAb'n snfd ejg xf] . pgsf] of] 3/ ca ;ª\u|xfnodf ablnPsf] 5 . ef/tsf]
Oltxf;df ;a}eGbf Kof/f /fÓ«kltsf] klxrfg agfP pgn] . pgsf] csf]{ kl/ro xf]
ld;fOn Dofg ckm OlG8of . logL s'zn ;}lgs lyP / dxfg\ j}1flgs klg . pgsf] hLjg
k|]/0ffx¿sf] k'~h xf] . d]/f nflu rflxF pgsf] ;flxTok|]d, n]vglzNk / z}nL w]/}
lk|o 5 . pgsf s[ltn] ef/taflx/ w]/} 7"nf] 5fk 5f8]sf 5g\ . o; :yfgdf
hfg'cl3 pgsf] hLjgLs[lt k9]/ uPsf] lyPF d .
ef/tsf] blÔ0fL s'gfsf] o; ;fgf] ;x/df hGdL x's]{sf cAb'n snfd afNosfndf
3/3/ k'u]/ klqsf afF8\y], kl5 klqsf a]Rg] sfd ug{ yfn] . ;fob kqklqsfsf] ;Ëtn]
pgnfO{ cÔ/sf] tfut lrgfof] . oxL s'/fn] pgL k9\gdf nfu] . ef/tsf /fÓ«klt cAb'n
snfdnfO{ s'g} ef/tLon] wfld{s sf]0faf6 x]b}{g . pgn] x/]s ef/tLosf] dg lht] .
cAb'n snfd hGd]sf] Tof] 3/ @)!! df ;ª\u|xfnosf] ¿kdf ljsl;t ul/of] . o;df
pgL;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} ;fdu|L ;'/lÔt ul/Psf 5g\ . oxfF w]/} kmf]6f]x¿, k':tsx¿ /
egfOx¿ k|blz{t ul/Psf 5g\ . xfdLn] ToxfF s]xL ;fgfltgf ;fdfgdfq lsGof}F . of]
:yfg 5f8Lsg klg c¿ s}of}F lbg emf]nf af]s]/ ef}Ftfl/g' afFsL x'gfn] emf]nfdf
;fdfg yKg' a]7Ls x'GYof] . t}klg s]xL sL–l/ª, sfgsf 6k, b'O{–tLg k':ts t glsgL
cl3 a9\g} ;lsPg . /fd]Zj/d\ hfg] dg x'g]n] ToxfF hfg'cl3 PkLh] cAb'n snfdsf
s[ltx¿ k9\g' /fd|f] xf] . sDtLdf klg pgsf] ;ª\lÔKt hLjgL t hfGg}k5{ .
xfdL sf]b08/fd:jfdL -ljeLif0f_ dlGb/, wg'ifsf]8L, cl/rn dnO{, PkLh]
cAb'n snfd ;ª\u|xfno, /fdtLy{d\, nId0ftLy{d\, dxfk|e' a}7s, k~rd'vL xg'dfg,
t}/g] kTy/, uGwdfbg kj{tl:yt /fdf/kfbd\, ;fIfL xg'dfg, >Ls[i0fk|0ffdL dª\un
dlGb/ cflb ;a}lt/ 3'ld;s]kl5 sf]7fdf kmsL{ cfof}F . b'O{hlt ah]sf] lyof] . ca
oxfFaf6 kms{g] ;'/;f/ ub{} lyof}F, a}ª\unf]/sf ldq c/ljGb /fwfs[i0fsf] kmf]g
cfof]– æxnf] ;/, sxfF x'g'x'G5 <Æ
æ/fd]Zj/d\df 5f}F . oxfFsf] bz{gsf] sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . ca xfdL
lt?lr/fkNnLsf nflu k|:yfg ug{ nfu]sf . e|d0f k"j{of]hgfcg';f/ eO/x]sf] 5 .
tkfO{Fsf] va/ s] 5 lg <Æ
æ;a}yf]s 7Ls 5 . t/ Pp6f v]bsf] va/ klg 5 .Æ
æs] ef] <Æ d em:s]F .
æd @&, @* / @( tfl/v s'g} lbg klg a}ª\Unf]/ cfpg gkfpg] ePF . a8f]
vNnf] x'g] eof] . o;f] eP klg tkfO{F xfd|f] 3/ uOlbg'xf]nf . cfdf x'g'x'G5 . d
lbbLnfO{ klg eG5' . lbbL cfpg'x'g]5 .Æ
ælrGtf 5}g . xfdL kl5 km]l/ a}ª\Unf]/ cfpF5f}F . !# tfl/vdf . To;a]nf
e]6\g sf]l;; u/f}Fnf g .Æ d}n] cfZj:t kf/]F .
æxf] < To;f] eP d !# tfl/vdf cfpg] sf]l;; u5{' . To;a]nf klg dnfO{
sl7g t 5 t/ klg===.Æ
ænf} t, lgoldt ;Dks{ /lx/xf];\ . kl5 ;Nnfx u/]/ pko'St lg0f{o lnpFnf g
.Æ d}n] eg]F .
æx;\ .Æ c/ljGbn] eg] .
o;} a]nfdf gf/fo0f efOn] d];]h u¥of] . pgLx¿ snsQf / uª\uf;fu/ hfg]
eP5g\ . gf/fo0f, ef]nf, lul//fh, nIdL, em'dgfy, tf/f, dgf]h efGhf, /Ltf
efGhLa'xf/L cflb . v';L nfUof] . Totfsf] ofqfdf b'O{k6s uPsf] x'gfn] d}n] s]xL
;Nnfx klg lbPF .
/fd]Zj/d\ 6fk'sf] e|d0f s;/L ug]{ <
7"nf] ;d"xdf eP a; lng], gq c6f] kj|mg] . oxfFaf6 cl/rn d'gO{
cyf{t\ wg'ifsf]8L nueu afO; lsnf]ld6/ k/ 5 . cl/rn d'gfO{ k'Ug'cufj} wg'ifsf]8L
cfpF5, ToxfF lbgsf] vfgf vfg' ;'vb cg'ej x'g]5 . e/;s Tot} vfgf vfg] .
wg'ifsf]8L / cl/rn d'gfO{sf] ofqf cToGt ;'vb x'g]5 . c;f]h–sf¨tsdf sfFrf cfFk,
v/a'hf kfOg]5 . ud©sf] rflxF s'/f gu/f}F . /fd]Zj/ 6fk'sf bz{gLo :yn tn lbOPsf
5g\, oL ;a} :yfg Ps} lbgdf 3'ld;lsG5 M
!= c?lNdu' /fdgfy:jfdL dlGb/ .
@= k~rd'vL xg'dfg M /fd]Zj/d\af6 ! lsld klZrddf . k~rd'v c~hlgo]sf
gfdn] klg lrlgg] . d'Vo xfOj]d} 5 . laxfg ^ ah]b]lv ;fF´ & ah];Dd v'nf /xG5
.
#= PkLh] cAb'n snfdsf] 3/ . dlGb/ k:g'cl3 hxfF xfOj] df]l8G5 ToxfFaf6
@)) ld= blÔ0fdf . laxfg * b]lv ;fF´ & ah];Dd v'nf . k|j]z z'Ns ? %.–
$= sf]b08/fd:jfdL dlGb/ -ljeLif0f dlGb/_ wg'ifsf]8L dfu{df .
%= 8f]8f] kIfL–3/ .
^= ;L jN8{ cSjfl/od .
&= clUgtLy{d\ .
*= /fdf/kfbd\ . uGwdfbg kj{tsf] 6'Kkfdf . /fdgfy:jfdL dlGb/af6 pQ/df, ´Gg}
b'O{ lsnf]ld6/ k/ 5 .
(= ;fÔL xg'dfg dlGb/ . /fd/kfbd\ hfg] af6}df .
!)= /fdtLy{d\, hbf tLy{d\, leNn'GbL tLy{d\, lt?k'NnfgL, nId0ftLy{d\,
cflb .
xfdL /fd]Zj/d\af6 a;df r9]/ /fdgfyk'/d\;Dd cfof}F . ToxfFaf6 lbpF;f]
;f9] b'O{ ah]sf] 6«]g h]g/n l8Aafdf kqmL lt?lr/fkNnL cfof}F . lt?lr/fkNnLdf
xfdL 6«]gaf6 cf]n{Fbf gf} aHg nfu]sf] lyof] . ctM ;j{k|yd sf]7f vf]Hg'kg]{ eof]
. /]nj] :6];gaflx/ lg:sgf;fy Pp6f xf]6ndf kl;xfNof}F . xf]6n /fd|} /x]5 . ;kmf
/ km/flsnf] . sf]7f x]g{ uof}F . sf]7f klg a];} x'g\ . cfhsf] /ft oxfF a:g'
plrt b]lvof] . d"No klg plrt lng] /x]5g\ . t/ g]kfnL eGg] a'em]kl5 ltgn]
sf]7f lbg dfg]gg\ .
æzlgjf/ / cfOtjf/ 5'6\6Lsf lbg x'g\ . oL lbgdf xfdLnfO{ ljb]zL kfx'gf
/fVg] clwsf/ 5}g . cfh cfOtjf/ xf] . dfkm ug'{xf]nf .Æ
æclg xfdL sxfF a:g] t <Æ
æglhs} c¿ klg xf]6n 5g\ . ltgn] cg'dlt lnPsf 5g\ eg] tkfO{Fx¿n] jf;
kfOxfNg'x'G5 lg .Æ
;Ltf / efph"nfO{ ToxLF 5f8]/ bfh' / d sf]7f vf]Hg uof}F .
:yfgLox¿n] Pp6f xf]6nsf] gfd atfP M c?0f xf]6n . of] xf]6n lgs} 7"nf] /x]5
. dxFuf] klg .
æolt dxFuf] xf]6ndf ga;f}F . j/k/ c¿ klg xf]6n xf]nfg\ vf]lhx]/f}F .Æ
d}n] eg]F .
ysfg eP klg, /ft lgs} lat] klg bfh'n] d]/f s'/f dfGg'eof] . j/k/sf s]xL
xf]6n x]¥of}F . s'g} t Psbd 7"nf / ;of}F sf]7f ePsf klg lyP . u'? xf]6]n,
xf]6]n tldngf8', /fDof; xf]6]/ / chGtfdf k:of}F . t/ h'g xf]6n klg el/e/fp .
æsf]7f vfln 5}g, ;/L, gf] ?d .Æ olt dfq hafkm lbGy] tL . sltko xf]6n t
Ps xKtfsf nflu ;d]t el/e/fp /x]5g\ .
ca xfdL;Fu ljsNk ePg, c?0f xf]6nd} kmsL{ cfof}F . wGg sf]7f kfOof] .
o;/L @)*) ;fnsf] sflt{s % ut] cfOtjf/ cyf{t\ ofqfsf] ;ftf}F /ft
lt?lr/fkNnL cfOk'u]/ ToxfFsf] xf]6n c?0fdf latfof}F .
@# cS6f]a/ M xf]6]n c?0f -bf];|f] /ft_, lt?lr/fkNnL
>L/ª\ud\, plrlklnof/, t]Kkfs'nd\ d08kd\ tnfp, cfj/
n]8L ckm n8]{; rr{
^= lt?lr/fkNnL
lt?lr/fkNnL tldngf8'sf] ;f+:s[lts /fhwfgL dflgG5 . of] /fHosf] rf}yf]
nf]slk|o ;x/ xf] . tldngf8' /fHosf] /fhwfgL r]GgO{af6 sl/a tLg ;o aL; lsnf]ld6/
klZrddf kljq gbL sfj]/Lsf] lsgf/df a;]sf] ;'Gb/ ;x/ xf] . o;nfO{ af]nLrfnLsf]
efiffdf lqrL elgG5 . of] ;x/ kj{t, dlGb/, gbL / lzjfnosf nflu gfd'b 5 . O:6
OlG8of sDkgL / la|l6;sf aLr ePsf] s0ff{6s o'4df lt?lr/fkNnLsf] e"ldsf cxd\
/x]sf] lyof] .
syf M Ps lzjelQmgL j[4f cfˆgL
cf;Gg–k|;jf k'qLsf] b]vefnsf lgldQ pgsf] 3/lt/ uO/x]sL lyOg\ . k/Gt' dfu{df
gbLdf af9L cfOlbgfn] nIo;Dd k'Ug ;lsgg\ . ctM pgL ;f]xL lsgf/df a;]/ lzjhLsf]
Wofgdf dUg /lxg\ . /ft k¥of] . pgL WofgdUg /xFb} ;f] /ft laTof] klg .
csf]{ lbg laxfg x]bf{ gbLdf af9L xl6;s]sf] /x]5 . pgL gbL t/]/ k'qLsf]
3/ k'lug\ . pxfF k'u]kl5 yfxf eof] :jod\ lzjhLn] j[4f cfdfsf] ¿kdf cfP/ tL
k'qLsf] b]vefn ug'{ePsf] lyof] /x]5 . oxfFsf dflg;x¿df s] ljZjf; /x]sf] 5 eg]
sNof0fsf/L lzjn] o;k|sf/ cfˆgf c;n eQmx¿sf] kSs} /Ôf ug'{x'G5 .
lt?lr/fkNnLsf] k|frLg gfd lqlz/fkNnL lyof] . of] ;x/ /fj0fsf] k'q
lqlz/n] a;fPsf] lyof] elgG5 . lqlz/ lzjhLsf] 7"nf] eQm lyof] . o;sf/0f
lt?lr/fkNnLnfO{ blÔ0fsf] s}nf; xf] elgG5 . lt?lr/fkNnL ;x/sf] cf;kf;df sfj]/L
gbLdfq xf]Og cg]s bz{gLo :yn 5g\ . h:t}–
!= >L/ª\ugfy:jfdL dlGb/ M
>L/Ëgfy:jfdL dlGb/ sfj]/L / sf]ln8d gbLsf] aLrdf Ps åLkdf cjl:yt 5 . eujfg\
>Llji0f'sf] zogd'b|fdf d"¨t :yflkt 5 . >Llji0f'sf] of] dlGb/ ef/tdf
;a}eGbf a9L Ô]qkmn ePsf] dlGb/ xf] . of] nueu !%^ Ps8 e"lddf km}lnPsf] 5 .
%&@) ju{lkm6 cyf{t\ sl/a Ps /f]kgL e"lddf plePsf] d'Vo dlGb/ !#& lkm6
cUnf] 5 . b|flj8 jf:t'snf tyf lzNksnfsf lx;fan] klg of] dlGb/ cTolws dxŒjsf] 5
. oxfF s'n ldnfP/ PSsfO; k|j]zåf/ cyf{t\ uf]k'/d\ 5g\ . d'Vo dlGb/df ;d]t ;of}F
kTy/ :tDe b]Vtf cfZro{rlst eOG5 . clg leqsf] cflo/d\ sfnd08kd\ gfdsf] d08kdf Ps
xhf/ kTy/ :tDe 5g\ . blIf0f k|j]zåf/nfO{ /fhuf]k'/d\ elgG5 . klZrd
uf]k'/d\;Fu}sf] tnfp klg ljz]if nfUb5 .
lt?lr/fkNnLdf dgfOg] j}s'07 PsfbzL ljz]if x'G5 . of] kj{ ;g\ @)@# df
l8;]Da/ !@ b]lv hgj/L @ ;Dd hDdf afO; lbg nfUb5 . xfdL To; kj{ ToxfF ;xefuL x'g
kfPgf}F . oxfFx¿ lt?lr/fkNnL hfg] tof/Ldf x'g'x'G5 eg] oxfFsf] pm~hn kj{,
/yf]T;jd\, lrqk"l0f{df, j;Gtf]T;jd\ jf s}l;uf PsfbzL kfg]{ u/L ofqf of]hgf
agfpg'xf]nf . xfdL ljhof bzdLsf] 5]s kf/]/ uPsfn] sltko :yfgdf /fd|f cj;/ ldn]
eg] oxfF plt eJo cj;/ k/]g .
@= clvnf08]Zj/L dlGb/ M lt?lr/fkNnL
;x/sf] k|ltli7t :yfgdf a;]sf] of] kfj{tL dlGb/ sfj]/L gbLlsgf/df 5 . o;nfO{
lt?jg}sf]ljn c?lNdu' hDa's]Zj// clvnf08]Zj/L dlGb/ klg elgG5 . oxfF hDa' j[Ôsf
d'lg l:yt lzjlnËnfO{ xfQLåf/f hnfleif]s u/fOG5 . o; dlGb/nfO{ hnsf] k|lt¿k klg
dflgG5 . tldngf8'sf kfFr k|l;4 lzjlnËdWo] o;nfO{ Ps dflgG5 . of] dlGb/
>L/Ëd\ åLkd} 5 . dlGb/ kl/;/nfO{ lgs}j6f uf]k'/ / gf}j6f tnfpn] 3]l/Psf] 5 .
of]rflxF d'Vo ;8ssf] blIf0fk6\l6 5 . dlGb/sf] Ô]qkmn !* Ps8 5 .
#= plrlklnof/ sf]ljn M u0fklt
eujfg\df ;dlk{t of] dlGb/ r§fgL lsNnfsf] 6'Kkfdf 5 . b'O{ ;o axQ/ lkm6sf]
pFrfOdf /x]sf] of] dlGb/ Ps kf}/fl0fs lznfn]vsf] ¿kdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] .
l;F9Lsf] r9fO v'a /dfOnf] 5 . hfg}kg]{ 7fpF xf] . k"/f lt?lr/fkNnLsf]
b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ tyf >L/Ëgfe:jfdL dlGb/sf] lrqdo b[Zo x]g{ klg oxfF k'Ug}k5{
. o; b[ZonfO{ k5fl8 kf/]/ kmf]6f] lvRg kfOPsf] Ô0f slt ;'vb xf]nf, cg'dfg
ug'{xf];\ .
lt?lr/fkNnLsf afx| k|d'v bz{gLo :ynx¿ M
!= >L/Ëgfy:jfdL 6]Dkn M >L/Ëd\ @= a6/ˆnfO{ kfs{
M >L/Ëd\ #= sNngO{ afFw M lt?lr/fkNnL $= /s kmf]6{ 6]Dkn M 6]Kkfs'nd\ %=
plrlklnof/ ^= d'Ssf]Da' M lt?lr/fkNnL &= PkmP;Pd xfOk/ dn M SofG6f]gd]G6 *=
cfj/ n]8L ckm n8]{; rr{ M 6]Kkfs'nd\ (= d]g uf8{ u]6 M l;Ë/ftf]k !)= coKkfg
6]Dkn M SofG6f]gd]G6 !!= k'lnofGrf]nfO{ kmN; M t'/°o'/ !@= lt?lr/fkNnL lsNnf
>L/ª\ud\ If]q
lt?lr/fkNnLsf >L/Ëd\nfO{ e"nf]ssf] j}s'07 eg]/ hflgG5 . sfj]/L
gbLn] agfPsf] åLkdf cjl:yt of] tLy{e"ld k|fs[lts ef}uf]lns lx;fan] klg
bz{gLo 5 . ;fÔft\ k/d]Zj/ >L/Ëd\ oxLF lgjf; ug'{x'G5 .
a|áfn] ;j{k|yd /ËgfyhLsf] cf/fwgf ug'{eof] . tTkZrft\ ;"o{
eujfg\n] clg To;kl5 dxf/fhf cDa/Lz, O{Ijfs', v6\jfË, ;fu/, dfGwftf, c+z'dg,
lbnLk, euL/y, ch, dxf/fh bz/y cflb cg]s b]jtf, Clifu0f / dxfg\ /fhfx¿n]
>L/ËgfyhLsf] cf/fwgf u/] . oL dxfg\ Clifu0f, b]jtf / dxf/fhfx¿sf] gfd
k'/f0fx¿df jl0f{t 5 . cof]Wofdf >L/fdn] >L/Ëgfylju|xsf] k"hf
ug'{eof] . >L/Ëd\ ;ft ljzfnsfo k|frL/x¿n] 3]l/Psf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] dlGb/
dflgG5 . o;n] ;ft pk/L :ju{nf]sx¿nfO{ b;f{pFb5 .
k|yd k|frL/ -kvf{n_ d08ksf] glhs 5, o;nfO{ ;Tonf]s eg]/ lrlgG5 . o;nfO{
dxf/fh rf08]nfj+zL wd{jdf{n] agfpg nufPsf x'g\ . låtLo k|frL/ tknf]s eg]/
lrlgG5 . o;nfO{ /fhf /fhdx]Gb|n] agfpg nufPsf x'g\ . t[tLo k|frL/ hgnf]s eg]/
lrlgG5 . o;nfO{ dxf/fhf s'nz]v/n] agfpg nufPsf lyP . rt'y{ k|frL/ dlxnf]{s xf]
. o;nfO{ /fhf lt?dËO{ cNjfn] agfpg nufP . k~rd k|frL/ :jnf]{ssf] gfdn] hflgg]
u/]sf] 5 . ifi7 k|frL/ e'jnf]{s elgG5 . ;Ktd k|frL/n] e"nf]snfO{ b;f{pFb5
. o; tLy{:ynsf] Ô]qkmn !%^ Ps8 xf] eg] oxfFsf PSsfO; cToGt ;'Gb/ k|j]zåf/ 5g\
h;nfO{ uf]k'/d\ elgG5 . tL x]bf{ cfkm}Fdf dlGb/´}F nfUb5g\ .
dlGb/sf] blÔ0fdf cjl:yt /fhuf]k'/d\ ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] uf]k'/d\ xf]
. of] @#^ lkm6 cUnf] 5 . >L ;Dk|bfosf eQmx¿sf] d'Vo sfof{no >L/Ëd\ g} xf]
. !)* lbJob]zd\ dlGb/x¿df >L/Ëd\sf] gfd k|yd xf] eg]/ lnOG5 . >L/Ëd\nfO{
ef]ud08ksf] gfdn] klg k'sfl/G5 . oxfF eujfg\nfO{ cg]s pT;jdf a8f] >4fsf ;fy
k'lhG5 . jif{sf] #@@ lbg oxfF pT;jsf] dfxf}n x'G5 .
cfnjf/ gfdn] lrlgg] blÔ0f ef/tsf dxfg\ ;Gt ;w}F >L/Ëgfysf] cf/fwgf
ub{5g\ . k/d]Zj/n] cfˆgf cè't nLnfx¿sf] j0f{g oxLF >L/Ëd\df ug'{x'G5 . ;Gt
cfnjf/ eujfg\;Fu cf/fwgf ub{5g\– æx] k|e' Û csf]{ hGddf klg d >L/Ëd\d} /xg
kfpmF . d}n] sltko hGddf ;fwf/0f s's'/, la/fnf] jf :ofn g} aGg' lsg gk/f];\
x/]s hGddf d oxLF hGd"F, oxLF /x"F .Æ
j]bx¿df s] elgPsf] 5 eg] olb s'g} JolQmn] >L/Ëd\ hfg] af/]df of]hgf
dfq agfPsf] 5 eg] olQ lrGtgsf sf/0f p;sf ;d:t kfk gÓ eP/ hfG5g\ . pm d'Qm x'G5
. >L/Ëd\sf] gfd :d/0fdfq klg p;sf ;d:t kfk gÓ ug{ ;dy{ 5g\ . >L/Ëd\sf]
Oltxf; cg]s j]b / k'/f0fx¿df j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . >Lkfb /fdfg'hfrfo{ cflbz]ifsf
cjtf/ dflgg'x'G5 . pxfF >L/Ëd\d} lgjf; ug'{x'G5 . o;af6 >L/Ëd\sf] dxŒj /
>L/Ëgfysf] k"hf–cf/fwgfsf] dxŒj c´ :kÓ x'G5 . >L/Ëd\df >Lkfb
/fdfg'hfrfo{sf] dlGb/ 5 . >Lkfb /fdfg'hfrfo{ >L ;Dk|bfosf d'Vo u'?
dflgg'x'G5 .
eujfg\ cgGtz]ifdf zog ul//xg'x'G5 . >L/Ëd\sf nflu >Lkfb
/fdfg'hfrfo{sf] b]g csNkgLo 5 . pxfFn] >L/ËgfyhLsf] ax'd"No ;]jf
ug'{eof] . pxfFn] >L/ËgfyhLsf] dlxdf ljZjel/ lkmFhfpg'eof] . pxfFn] ;a}
ljlwljwfgx¿ enLefFtL :yfkgf ug'{eof] / o;af6 eujfg\sf] d"¨tk"hgsf] c´
a9L lj:tf/ x'g ;Sof] .
eujfg\nfO{ r9fOg] ef]uk|;fb s;/L tof/ ul/g'k5{, eujfg\nfO{ ck{0f h]h]
j:t' tof/ ul/GYof], pxfF cfkm}F tL ;a}sf] x]/rfx ug'{x'GYof] . pxfFn] cg]s
j}i0fj ;flxTo w]/} ;'Gb/ 9Ën] n]Vg'eof] . ltgn] eujfg\sf] dlxdfnfO{ Psbd ;'Gb/
tl/sfn] k|bz{g ub{5g\ . pxfFn] j}i0fj ePkl5 p;sf] /xg;xg s:tf] lsl;dsf] x'g'k5{
eGg] lzÔf ;a}nfO{ lbg'eof] . >Lkfb /fdfg'hfrfo{sf] >L/Ëd\k|lt clt
7"nf] nufj lyof] . pxfFsf ldqx¿ >L/Ëd\ zAb ;'Ggf;fy c>'wf/f axfpFby]
. o;}u/L pxfFsf] eujfg\ >L/Ëgfyk|lt klg c;Ld nufj lyof] .
PskN6 >Lkfb /fdfg'hfrfo{ sf~rLk'/d\af6 >L/Ëd\ cfpg'eof] .
eujfg\n] pxfFnfO{ cfˆgf] lghL dfnf / ef]uk|;fbåf/f :jfut ug'{eof] . >Lkfb
/fdfg'hfrfo{n] eujfg\nfO{ ;f]Wg'eof]– æx] eujfg\ Û k|e'n] d]/f] :jfutsf nflu
olt 7"nf] sÓ lsg p7fpg'eof] <Æ
eujfg\n] eGg'eof]— æd t clnslt dfq lxF8]F . ltdLn] t sf~rLk'/d\b]lv
>L/Ëd\;Dd cfpg olt nfdf] af6 to u¥of} .Æ
eujfg\ :jod\n] /fdfg'hfrfo{nfO{ /xg–a:gsf nflu lgjf;:yfg k|bfg ug'{eof]
. >Lkfb /fdfg'hfrfo{ lgjf; ug'{ePsf] ejg cfh klg ;'/lÔt 5 . o;} ejgdf /x]/
pxfFn] cfˆgf cfZro{hgs nLnfx¿sf] k|bz{g ug'{ePsf] lyof] . cr]n pxfFs} cg'ofoL
h;nfO{ xfdL lho/ :jfdL eg]/ hfGb5f}F, o;} ejgdf a:g'x'G5 . >L/Ëd\sf
s'gf–s'gfdf cfh klg >Lkfb /fdfg'hfrfo{sf :d[ltx¿ 5g\ .
ha pxfFn] cGTodf b]xTofu ug'{eof], eujfg\n] k'hf/LnfO{ eGg'eof]–
ælogsf] clGtd ;+:sf/ dlGb/leq ul/lbg" .Æ
pQm :yfgnfO{ j;Gtd08kd\ elgG5 . eujfg\sf] cfb]zcg';f/ pxfFsf] clGtd
;+:sf/ j;Gtd08kd\d} ul/of] . t];|f] lbgdf >Lkfb /fdfg'hfrfo{sf] z/L/ k'gM
k|s6 eof] . >Lkfb /fdfg'hfrfo{sf] :jod\ lbJo z/L/ cfh klg b]Vg kfOg] /x]5 .
k'hf/Lx¿n] pxfFsf] lbJo z/L/nfO{ lat]sf cf7 ;o kRrL; jif{;Dd ;Dxfn]/ /fv]sf 5g\
. o;sf nflu pgLx¿n] k"/} z/L/df k|ltlbg s]z/ / sk"/sf] n]k nufpg]
ub{5g\ . xfdLn] Wofg lbP/ x]¥of} eg] pxfFsf gª / cf}Fnfx¿ cfh klg b]Vg kfpF5f}F
.
xfdL >Lj}i0fj dtsf gePsfn] k'hf/Lx¿n] k/}af6 x]g{ eg] . klxn] Ps
åf/af6 x]g{ kfOof], s]xL a]/kl5 csf]{k6\l6sf] åf/ vf]lnof], ToxfFaf6 t >Lkfb
/fdfg'hfrfo{sf] lbJo z/L/ lgs} glhsaf6 x]g{ kfof}F .
>Lkfb /fdfg'hfrfo{sf] lbJo z/L/;Fu} pxfFsf u'?sf] klg d"¨t 5 .
>Lkfb /fdfg'hfrfo{ nueu Ps xhf/ jif{ cl3 k|s6 x'g'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] o;
w/tLdf Ps ;o aL; jif{;Dd cfˆgf nLnfx¿ ug'{eof] . oxfF >Lkfb /fdfg'hfrfo{sf
x:tfÔ/ klg x]g{ kfOg]5 . >L/Ëd\df bz{gfy{ cfpg] eQmx¿nfO{ cfzLjf{b lbgsf
nflu >Lkfb /fdfg'hfrfo{ ;w}F;w}F xfdL;Fu} /xg'x'g]5 .
>L/Ëd\df nIdLb]jLsf] Ps eJo dlGb/ 5 . >Lsf] cy{ b]jL nIdL x'G5 /
/Ëd\sf] cy{ g[To:yfg . b]jL nIdLs} sf/0f o; :yfgsf] gfd >L/Ëd\ /xg uPsf] xf]
. oxfF nIdL b]jLnfO{ >L/Ëgfyof/sf] gfdn] klg hflgG5 . eujfg\sf]
cfudgk"j{ b]jL o;} :yfgdf lgjf; ug'{x'GYof] .
s] ljZjf; ul/G5 eg] >L/Ëgfyof/sf] b[lÓ h;dfly kg{ uof], p;nfO{ 1fg,
zlQm, P]Zjo{, ljhosf] j/bfg k|fKt x'G5 . /lt, dlt, ;/:jtL, w[lt, ;d[l4, l;l4,
>]of olt ;ft JolQmTj b]jLsf] ;]jfdf x/avt tof/ /xG5g\, h;/L 3f]8f bf}l8gsf
nflu hltv]/} klg tDtof/ /xG5 .
eujfg\ >L/Ëgfysf] bz{g ug'{k"j{ >L/Ëgfyof/ cyf{t\ nIdLsf]
bz{g ug'{kb{5 . dlGb/leq tLg lju|x b]Vg ;lsG5 . k|yd lju|xnfO{ pT;jd"¨t
elgG5 . pxfFnfO{ g} >L/Ëgfyof/sf] gfdn] lrlgG5 . aLrdf / k5fl8k6\l6
>Lb]jLsf] lju|x :yflkt 5 . d';ndfgx¿sf] cfj|md0fsf] ;dodf j}i0fjx¿n] d'Vo
lju|xsf] /Ôfsf nflu Ps k|frL/ agfpg nufP clg pT;jlju|xnfO{ Ps ljNjj[Ôsf d'lg
n'sfP/ /fv] . s]xL ;dokl5 k'hf/Lx¿n] bf];|f] lju|xnfO{ kvf{nsf ;fd' /fv] . o;
36gfsf] ;f7L jif{kl5sf k'hf/Lx¿nfO{ yfxf eof] d'Vo lju|x t kvf{naflx/}
n'sfOPsf] 5 eg]/ .
To; ;do 7"nf] jiff{n] pQm ;fgf] cfsf/sf] lju|xnfO{ vf]tn]/
lgsflnlbof] . clg pQm lju|xnfO{ k'gM :j:yfgdf :yflkt ul/of] . o;sf/0f cfh ToxfF
tLg lju|x b]Vg kfOPsf] xf] .
>L/Ëgfyof/sf] v';Ldf cg]s pT;jx¿ dgfOG5 . xfdLn] klg s'g} g s'g}
pT;j b]Vg kfpg]5f}F . gj/flqsf] cj;/df >L/ËgfyhLsf] ;a}eGbf lk|o xfQLn] dfpy
cuf{g ahfpFb5 . xfQLn] >L/Ëgfyof/sf] cf/fdsf nflu rDd/n] ;]jf ub{5 . cGTodf
xfQL cfˆgf tLg uf]8fn] lxF8]/ hfG5 . gj/fqsf] pT;jdf >L/ª\gfyof/nfO{
:j0f{lgld{t gj/flq–d08kd\df a;fOG5 . jif{el/df gj/fqdf dfq xfdLn]
>L/Ëgfyof/sf r/0fsdnsf] bz{g kfpFb5f}F .
>L/Ëgfysf] pT;jd"¨tnfO{ xfdL gdk]?dnsf] gfdn] hfGb5f}F .
>L/Ëd\df eujfg\sf] kbofqfsf] b[Zo cToGt ;'Gb/ x'G5 . eujfg\sf] ;'Gb/tf /
pxfFsf] lxF8fOsf] rfn w]/} k|l;4 5 . pxfFsf] rfn cg]s 5g\– l;+xult, uhult,
x+;ult, ;k{ult cflb . gdk]?dn pT;jsf] ;'?df eujfg\sf] rfn l;+x´}F
;ts{tfk"0f{ x'G5 . eujfg\ k'gM lgjf; kms{g] a]nfdf b'nfdf l5g{ nfu]sf]
;k{´}F tLj| ultdf pxfFsf] ofqf rNb5 .
;a} cnjf/n] >L/ËgfynfO{ s[i0f;dfg ;D´]/ pxfFsf] k"hf u/] .
eujfg\ /Ëgfysf] lbJo z/L/af6 gf}gLsf] uGw cfpF5 . o:tf] lsg ePsf] eg] pxfFsf
s[i0f¿kn] ptf j[Gbfjgdf gf}gL rf]g'{x'GYof] . gdk]?dnsf] z/L/df 8f]/Lsf] lgzfg
b]lvG5 . s[i0fnfO{ gf}gL rf]/]sf] eg]/ dftfn] 8f]/Ln] Pp6f sf7df afFWg'ePsf]
lyof] .
k'hf/Lx¿ eG5g\– >L/fd cjtf/ lnFbf eujfg\n] sfFwdf sf]b08 wg'if u|x0f
ug'{eof], >L/Ëgfysf] sfFwdf o;}sf] lrGx kfOG5 .
t];|f] k|frL/df xfdLn] ;/:jtL tyf xou|Ljf dlGb/ b]Vg kfpF5f}F . oxfF
od/fh Ps b'/fTdfnfO{ nUgsf nflu Pp6f 8f]/L klj|m/x]sf 5g\ . ;fd'Gg]df ptf
lrqu'Kt plePsf 5g\ .
h'g JolQmn] elQm Pjd\ k|]dn] >L/Ëgfy eujfg\sf] bz{g ub{5 p;nfO{
d[To' / od/fhsf] eoaf6 t'?Gt d'lQm ldNb5 . PsfbzLsf] lbgdf oxfF kl/j|mdf ugf{n]
cToGt w]/} k'0o k|fKt x'g] ljZjf; ul/G5 . xfdL dxfgjdLsf] lbgdf ToxfF k'u]sf
lyof}F . xfdLn] oxfF elSt Pjd\ k|]dk"j{s >L/ª\ugfy eujfg\sf] bz{g ug]{
cj;/ kfof}F .
dlGb/leq cg]s ;'Gb/ :tDex¿sf] aLr}aLr uOG5 . o; sl/8f]/nfO{ lxGbLdf
ulnof/f elgG5 . xfdL Pp6f ;'Gb/ d08kd\df k'Ug]5f}F . o;nfO{ lj/hf gbL elgG5 .
of] gbL e"d08ndfly axG5, / oxfF klg alx/x]sf] 5 . o;sf/0f eQmhgx¿ oxfF
cfP/ lj/hf gbLnfO{ b08jt\ k|0ffd ub{5g\ . hf] JolQm o; b'lgofFsf] dfofdf]xaf6
d'Qm, lj/Qm / j}/fuL 5, p;n] oxfF gbLsf] axfjsf] cfjfh ;lhn} ;'Gb5 . xfdLn]
hldgdf sfg /fv]/ ;'Gof}F . Psl5g aflx/L xf]xNnfn] ;'Gg ;lsPg t/ s]xL ;dokl5
xNnf sd ePsf] df}sfdf tnaf6 snsnh:tf] cfjfh cfof] . o:tf] cfjfh ;'Gg] JolStn]
k/DkbjT;nsf] pkflw k|fKt ub{5 elgG5 .
oxfF j}s'07 PsfbzLdf dfq v'Ng] Ps åf/ 5 . hf] JolQm pQm lbgdf o; åf/sf]
cufl8 eP/ hfG5, p;n] j}s'07nf]s k|fKt ub{5 elgPsf] 5 . j}s'07nf]sdf hGd /
d[To'sf] s'g} sÓ /xFb}g .
kl/j|mdf ub}{ k"j© lbzfdf k'Ubf xfdLn] leQfdf rf/ JolQmTj b]Vg
;Sg]5f}F . s[i0f, xg'dfg, 3f]8f / g]qxLg dT:o . dflg; d/]kl5 dfu{df
lji0f'b"tn] ;f]Wg]5g\– s] ltdLn] >L/Ëd\sf] bz{g u/]sf 5f} < o:tf]
a]nfdf oL rf/ lbJo JolQmn] xfdL >L/Ëd\ bz{gfy{ k'u]sf] k|df0f lbg]5g\ . log}
rf/ ;fIfLsf] bz{g u/]kl5 >L/ª\ud\sf] ofqf k"0f{ x'g] ljZjf; ul/Fbf] /x]5
.
oxfF cGo cg]s d"¨tlju|x klg 5g\ . blÔ0fk"j© s'gfdf xfdLn] Ps
Ogf/ b]Vg]5f}F . o;nfO{ l3psf] s'jf elgG5 . klxn] eQmhgx¿ eujfg\sf] pkf;gfdf
l3p r9fpFby] / xjg ub{y] . o;}sf] 5]pdf csf]{ klg s'jf 5, o;nfO{ b'Uws'08 elgG5
. of] s'jf b"w hDdf ug{sf nflu k|of]u x'GYof] . oxLF eujfg\sf] 8f]nf]T;j
d08kd\ klg 5 . oxfF eujfg\ lkª v]Ng'x'GYof] .
t];|f] k|frL/df alnlstd\ dlGb/ 5 . oxLF xg'dfgsf] dlGb/ klg 5 . eQmx¿
>L/Ëgfysf] bz{g ug'{k"j{ xg'dfgsf] bz{g u5{g\ . oxfF Ps :j0f{dl08t
u'Dah 5 . of] u'Dah >L/Ëljdfgd\ gfdn] lrlgG5 . o;sf] bz{gaf6 ;d:t kfk
w'ln;ft\ x'g] ljZjf; ul/G5 . of] ljdfg a|áb]jn] b"wsf] dxf;fu/df
e]§fpg'ePsf] lyof] . a|áb]jn] ;Tonf]sdf >L/Ëljdfgsf] k"hf ug'{eof] .
>L/fdn] cof]Wofdf /Ëljdfgsf] k"hg ug'{eof] . kl5 >L/fdn] of]
ljdfg ljeLif0fnfO{ k|bfg ug'{eof] . ljeLif0fn] of] ljdfg lnP/ cfP clg
>L/Ëd\df o;sf] :yfkgf u/] . /Ëljdfg :j0f{dl08t 5 . o;nfO{ k|0fjfsf/ ljdfg
elgG5 . o; ljdfgdfly gf}j6f ;'Gb/ snz :yflkt 5g\ . gju|xn] logsf] pkf;gf ub{5g\
. /Ëljdfgsf] k5fl8k6\l6 c¿ rf/j6f snz :yflkt 5g\ . oL rf/ snznfO{ rf/ j]bsf] ¿kdf
xfd|f ;fd' k|s6 ePsf] dflgG5 . oL rf/ snzsf ;fd' kfFr yk snz 5g\ . logLx¿n]
k~rtŒjsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5g\ M k[YjL, hn, cfsfz, jfo', clUg . oL;Fu c7f/ kqbn
klg 5g\ . logn] c7f/ dxfk'/f0fx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5g\ . kqbnd'lg Ps ;o cf7
uf]nfsf/ cfs[lt klg 5g\, ltgn] rflxF !)* pklgifb\sf] ¿kdf cfkm"nfO{ k|:t't
ub{5g\ . cGo lrqx¿n] t]QL; s/f]8 b]jtfx¿sf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5g\ . :j0f{dl08t o;
/Ëljdfgsf rf/ lbzfdf rf/ >]i7 d"¨t klg :yflkt 5g\ .
oxfF blÔ0f lbzfdf jf;'b]j, klZrd lbzfdf cRo't lju|x 5, pQ/df cgGt lju|x
/ k"j© lbzfdf uf]ljGb / s[i0fsf] d"¨t :yflkt 5 . ctM dflg;x¿ x/]s
lju|x;fd' k'Ubf pQm d"¨tcg';f/sf dGqx¿ pRrf/0f ub{5g\ . h:tf], klZrd
lbzfdf cRo'tsf ;fd' k'Ubf ç cRo'tfo gdM, pQ/tkm{ ha cgGtlju|xsf] gh/ x'G5
dflg;n] ç cgGtfo gdM eGg'kb{5 .
a|áf08k'/f0fdf a|áb]j / ;gTs'df/sf aLrdf hf] jftf{nfk eof] ;f] n]lvPsf]
5 . a|áb]j cfkm}F eGg'x'G5– æhf] JolQm o; ljdfgsf] PskN6 kl/j|mdf ub{5, p;n] Ps
xhf/ clUgÓf]d o1 / ;f]x| xhf/ jfhk]o o1sf] nfe k|fKt ub{5 .Æ
pxfFn] eGg'ePsf] 5– æd}n] o; ljdfgsf] kl/j|mdf a8]a8] Clifd'lgx¿sf ;fy
afx|k6s u/]F . h'g JolQmn] o;sf] kl/j|mdf PskN6 dfq eP klg ub{5, ;f/f b]jtfu0f
p;b]lv k|;Gg x'g]5g\ . h'g JolQmn] /Ëljdfgsf] kl/j|mdf u¥of], p;n] a|fá0fxTof,
uf}xTofh:tf 3f]/ kfksd{af6 ;d]t d'lQm k|fKt ub{5 .Æ
PskN6 nIdLb]jLn] /ËgfyhL;Fu ;f]Wg'eof]– ædg'iosf nflu o; ef}lts ;+;f/sf
sÓaf6 d'lQm kfpgsf nflu ;a}eGbf pko'Qm pkfo s] xf]nf <Æ
æ>L/Ë ljdfgsf] bz{g, k|0ffd, kl/j|mdf . h'g JolQmn] oL tLg pkfo
ckgfpF5, p;n] cfˆgf] hLjgnfO{ ;t\, lrt\, cfgGb agfpg ;Qm5 . oL tLg pkfodWo]
ljdfgsf] kl/j|mdf ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ 5 .Æ
>L/Ë/flugLn] eGg'eof]– æh;n] o; ljdfgsf] jl/kl/ b'O{ of Ps}kN6 dfq
eP klg kl/j|mdf u¥of], p;n] ;f/f u|xd08nsf] kl/j|mdfsf] nfe kfof] . h;n] o;
ljdfgsf] k6sk6s kl/j|mdf u¥of], / c¿nfO{ klg ug{ k|]l/t u¥of], p;n] t Ps nfvkN6
ç gdf] gf/fo0fM dGqsf] pRrf/0f u/]sf] kmn kfpg]5 . h;n] >L/Ë ljdfgsf]
rf}aL;kN6 kl/j|mdf u¥of], p;n] Ps s/f]8kN6 ufoqL dGq pRrf/0f u/]sf] nfe k|fKt
ub{5 . kl/j|mdf ugf{n] JolQm ladf/L / ul/aLaf6 d'Qm eP/ hfG5 . >L/Ëgfysf
cfzLjf{bn] p;sf ;f/f OR5f k"/f eP/ hfG5g\ .Æ
oxfF sf¨ts uf]k'/d\ klg 5 . xfdL sf¨tsdf;df k'u]sfn] sf¨ts uf]k'/d\
k'Ug' efUosf] s'/f eof] . xfdL rGb|kfqf]cg';f/ cflZjgdf;d} k'u]sf xf}F t}klg
;f}o{kfqf]cg';f/ of] sf¨ts g} lyof] . o; ;dodf eQmhgx¿ tfnj[Ô tf8sf kQfx¿sf]
Psbd 7"nf] y'k|f] agfpFbf /x]5g\ . tf8sf kftsf] y'k|fdf w]/} k6sfx¿ /flvG5
. /Ëgfysf] ofqf rn]sf] a]nf Tof] y'k|fdf eujfg\sf] ;fd'df cfuf] nufOG5 . k6sfx¿
k8\s]/ pT;jnfO{ /f}gsdo agfpFbf /x]5g\ .
sf¨ts dlxgfdf oxfF Psbd eJo k6sf pT;j x'g] u5{ . o; dlxgfdf dlGb/nfO{
;'Gb/ bLkx¿ k|Hjng u/]/ ;hfOG5 . of] uf]k'/d\ kf/ u/]kl5 xfdL u?8 d08kd\df
cfOk'U5f}F . oxfF cg]s /fhfx¿ / eQmx¿sf lzNk b]V5f}F . ltgLx¿n] dlGb/sf] ljleGg
efux¿sf] lgdf{0f ug{df ;xfotf u/]sf lyP . u?8 d08kg]/ Ps ;'Gb/ xfQL 5 . of]
xfQL eujfg\ >L/Ëgfysf] ljZjfl;nf] bf;L xf] . p;sf] gfd cG8fh xf] .
d08ksf] aLrdf ljzfn u?8lju|x 5 . of] u?8 a;]sf] cj:yfdf 5 . u?8
b]jtfnfO{ /Ëgfysf] jfxg dflgG5 . of] lju|x sl/a tL; lkm6 cUnf] 5 . u?8sf]
z/L/df cfe"if0f / ljleGg lsl;dsf j:qx¿ b]Vg ;lsG5 . o;sf] j:qsf nflu #^
ld6/ sk8f rflxG5 .
gdnjf/ M afx| cnjf/dWo] Ps x'g\ logL .
u?8 d08ksf] klZrdk6\l6 gdnjf/sf] dlGb/ :yflkt 5 .
xfdL ;a]/} >L/ª\ud\sf nflu
a;df r9]/ uof}F . a;n] dlGb/g]/} 5fl8lbFbf] /x]5 . bz{g ug{ kfof}F . ;'/Iff
hfFrsf cg]s r/0f kf/ u/]/ leq hfg kfOG5 . h'QfrKkn cflb /fVgsf nflu 7fpF
Jojl:yt 5g\ . rf/} hgfsf h'Qf–rKkn Pp6f y}nfdf xfn]/ a'emfO{ 6f]sg lnP/
lxF8\of]F . oxfF leq df]afOn nUg kfOg] /x]5 t/ d'Vo dlGb/df eg] kmf]6f] lvFRg
kfOFb}g /x]5 . t/ klg cg]s k|frL/ / dlGb/x¿sf] kmf]6f] lvRg kfPsfn] cfgGb eof]
. leq ;Ltf / efph" x/fPkl5 d}n] bf}8w'k u/]sf] . otf / ptf .
>L/ª\ud\ If]qaf6 kms]{kl5 xfdLn] t]Kkfs'nd\ tnfpg]/sf] ahf/ k:of}F .
ToxfF b]a|]k6\l6 Ps ljzfn ;lkª sDKn]S;
b]Vof}F .
ænf}, of] ahf/ x]/f}F .Æ o'j/fh bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
xfd|f] o:tf ahf/x¿ x]g]{ s'g} of]hgf lyPg . ahf/ hxfFsf klg pxL x'g\
eGg] ePsfn] d}n] ofqfdf ahf/sf] e|d0f /fv]sf] lyOgF . csf]{ s'/f, ahf/sf]
rdsbds / efpsf sf/0f ;Ltfn] s]xL ;fdfg lsGg] cfu|x jf c7f]6 ul/g\ eg] Tof]
;d:ofsf] ljifo x'g] lyof] . ofqfsf] cf7f}F lbg dfq ePsf] lyof] . c¿ rf}aL; lbg
afFsL lyof] . Pp6f l;of] lslgof] eg] klg Tof] ;fdfg rf}aL; lbg;Dd ;x/, ahf/,
dlGb/, b/af/, lsNnf, tfntnfp, kfs{ / v08x/x'Fbf] af]sLaf]sL lxF8\g'kg]{ x'GYof]
. ctM d}n] ofqfsf] cGTolt/ r]GgO{ jf ;a}eGbf kl5Nnf] laGb' a}ª\Unf]/df s]xL
vl/bf/Lsf nflu ;do 5'66\ofPsf] lyPF .
t/ bfh'sf] zAbnfO{ gfl3xfNg dg nfu]g . d}n] eg]F– æk;f}F g t . t/ s]xL
klg ;fdfg glsGg] x} <Æ
sf]xL af]n]g . ;a}hgf leq k:of}F . aflx/af6 x]bf{ ;fwf/0f nfUg] ejg leq
t ej;fu/ /x]5 . ljzfn . dfG5] g} dfG5], sk8} sk8f .
To; sk8f ahf/sf] gfd zf/bfh (Sharathas) /x]5 . sk8fsf] olt 7"nf] ahf/ g]kfndf ;DejtM clxn];Dd v'n]s} 5}g
. ;fFRr} 7"nf] / Jojl:yt ahf/ nfUof] dnfO{ . xfdL lgs}a]/ oxfF 3'ld/x\of}F
. t/ l56} aflx/ lg:sg ;s]gf}F eg] nlIft :yfg 3'Dg c;dy{ eOg] x'gfn] aflx/
lgl:sxfNg'k/]sf] lyof] .
oxfFaf6 plrlklnof/ glhs} 5 . k}bn} lxF8]/ k'luof] . plrlklnof/ dlGb/
nueu @&@ lkm6 cUnf] /s kmf]6{ gfdsf] ljzfn 9'ª\ufsf] 6'Kkfdf 5 . :yfgLox¿
o; dlGb/nfO{ k|]dk"j{s dn}sf]6\6} klg eG5g\ . eujfg\ u0fklt u0f]zsf] dlGb/
;ftf}F ztfAbLdf ag]sf] xf] . ljzfn 9'ª\ufnfO{ sk]/ ;'?df kNnj /fhj+zsf] ;dodf
of] dlGb/ agfpg yflnPsf] xf] . kl5 db'/}sf gfos /fhfx¿n] ljhogu/ ;fd|fHosf]
cwLgdf a;]/ eP klg o;sf] lgdf{0f k"/f u/] . Psbd 7f8} psfnf] eP klg kxf8L
kTy/ sk]/ Ps xhf/hlt l;F9L agfOPsf] 5 . dlGb/ kTy/sf] 6'Kkfsf] ;fgf] efudf
ag]sfn] ;fgf] 5 t/ oxfFaf6 lt?lr/fkNnL ;x/, >L/ª\ud\ If]q, sfj]/L gbL,
sf]ln8d gbL -sfj]/Ls} Ps eFufnf]_, 6]Kkfs'nd\ d08kd\ tnfp, cfj/ n]8L ckm n8]{;
rr{, Jofkfl/s k|lti7fg, pBf]uwGbf, ;8sx¿ cflb ;a} x]g{ ;lsG5 . dlGb/n] bz{ssf
nflu a8f] ;'Gb/ 6fj/sf] ¿kdf sfd u/]sf] 5 . dlGb/ ;fgf] ePsfn] ToxfF a;]/
w]/}a]/ cjnf]sg ug{ ldNb}g, t/ clnslt tlNt/ km/flsnf] 7fpF x'gfn] ToxfF kof{Kt
;do nufP/ b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ kfOxflnG5 .
plrlklnof/sf] syf M
/fj0fåf/f ank"j{s xl/PsL ;LtfnfO{ aGwgd'St u/fO{ /fd;dIf k'¥ofpgsf
nflu /fdsf] /fj0f;Fusf] o'4df ljeLif0fn] /fdsf] kIf lnPsf lyP . o'4df ljho
k|fKt u/]kl5 /fdn] pgnfO{ k|]df]kxf/sf] ¿kdf >L/ª\ud\sf] Ps lju|xd\ lbPsf
lyP .
-d"lt{ / lju|xd\ cnu x'g\ . d"lt{nfO{
k"hf ul/;s]kl5 lj;h{g ul/G5 . d"lt{x¿ w]/}h;f] df6f] jf o:t} gfz
eOxfNg] sRrf kbfy{af6 aG5g\ eg] lju|xnfO{ k|f0fk|lti7f u/]/ k"hf ul/;s]kl5
lg/Gt/ k"hgsf nflu /flvG5 . lju|x ;fdfGotof wft', kTy/ of To;} gfz gx'g]
kbfy{af6 agfOG5 ._
ljeLif0f /fj0fsf efO lyP . o;f] eGg'sf] dtna pgL klg Ps /fIf; g} lyP .
;TojfbL, Gofosf kIfw/ x'gfn] /fIf; eP klg, /fj0fsf cfkm\g} efO eP klg pgL
/fdaf6 o:tf] pkxf/ kfpg ;kmn ePsf lyP . /fIf;s'nsf] JolStn] o:tf] ;Ddfg kfpg'
b]jtfx¿sf nflu 6fpsf]–b'vfOsf] ljifo aGof] . Pp6f /fIf;n] /fdsf] hlt 7"nf]
;xof]uL eP klg k/d]Zj/sf] ;j{>]i7 :j¿k >L/fdaf6 pkxf/ kfO{ /fIf;x¿sf]
b]zdf nUg kfpg' b]jtfx¿sf] gh/df ;d:ofsf] s'/f eof] . pgLx¿ lj£gxtf{ tyf 1fgsf
b]jtf u0fklt >Lu0f]z;dIf u'xf/ dfUb} k'u] .
>Lljgfosn] pgLx¿sf] cfu|x Wofgk"j{s ;'Gg'eof] . pxfFnfO{ b]jtfx¿sf]
ts{ hfoh Pjd\ wd{;Ddt nfUof] . o;}aLr ljeLif0f cfkm"n] >L/fdaf6 kfPsf]
>Llji0f'sf] lju|xd\ af]s]/ hfFb} lyP . /fj0fsf] tLg6fps] 5f]/f] lqlz/sf]
/fHodf k'u]kl5 pgnfO{ kljq sfj]/L gbLdf :gfg ug{ dg eof] .
t/ >Llji0f'sf] lju|xnfO{ e"lddf /fv]df ;f]xL :yfgdf :yflkt
ug'{kg]{ x'GYof] . pgL >Llji0f'sf] lju|xnfO{ cfkm\gf] b]zdf nUg rfxg] ePsfn]
e"lddf la;fpg rfxFb}gy] . o;sf nflu s;}n] ;f] lju|x s]xLa]/sf nflu af]lslbg]
;xof]uL rflxGYof] . eujfg\ ljgfos b]jtfx¿sf] of]hgfadf]lhd Pp6f uf]7fnf]
l76fsf] e]ifdf ToxfF k'Ug'eof] . uf]7fnfnfO{ b]v]/ ljeLif0fn] af]nfP .
u0f]zhL ljeLif0fg]/ hfg'eof] . u0f]zhL s]xLa]/sf nflu >Llji0f'sf]
lju|xnfO{ af]lslbg /fhL x'g'eof] . ha ljeLif0f gbLsf] hndf r'n'{Dd 8'a]sf lyP,
u0f]zhLn] >Llji0f'sf] lju|xnfO{ gbLlsgf/sf] afn'jfdf :yflkt ul/lbg'eof] .
ljeLif0fn] u0f]zsf] of] sfo{ b]lvxfn] . ljeLif0f uf]7fnf] ¿k u0f]z eujfg\sf] o;
sfdb]lv v'a} l/;fP . pgL u0f]z eujfg\nfO{ b08 lbgsf nflu nv]6\g yfn] .
>L/fdeSt ljeLif0faf6 aRg u0f]zhLnfO{ sl7g x'g] g} eof] . pxfF
efUb}efUb} sfj]/L gbLlsgf/sf] Pp6f ljzfn kTyl/nf] l9:sfdf r9\g nfUg'eof] .
l9:sfsf] 6'Kkfdf k'u]kl5 ljeLif0fn] afns uf]7fnf] ¿kwf/L u0f]zhLnfO{
e]6\6fOxfn] . pgn] l/;sf] emf]Fsdf u0f]zhLsf] 6fpsfdf lxsf{P . u0f]zhLn] o;kl5
cfkm\gf] ;SsnL ¿k b]vfpg'eof] .
u0f]zhLnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;fd' b]Vtf ljeLif0f 5Ss k/], 8/fP klg . pgL
cfkm\gf] s'sfo{k|lt kZrfQfk ug{ nfu] . u0f]zhLn] pgnfO{ Ifdf lbg'eof] . pxfFn]
eGg'eof]–
æ>Llji0f'sf] of] lju|x oxLF /xg]5 eGg] b}jL cfb]z 5 . ltdL ca nª\sf
hfpm .Æ
cfh klg >Lu0f]zsf] pSt lju|xsf] lz/df rf]6 5 .
p;a]nf dfgj ;ª\Vof sd x'gfn] dflg; s]xL c;'ljwf ePdf a:t} cfPsf] :yfg
5f8L cGoq a:tL a;fpg nfUby] . ;doqmddf sfj]/Llsgf/sf] Tof] e"ld ljzfn jgn]
9flsof] . o'uf}F kl5 Ps hgf rf]n /fhf oxfFsf] jgdf Pp6f ;'ufnfO{ kqmg eg]/
kl5kl5 cfpFb} lyP, crfgs pgn] >Llji0f'sf] ;f] z]ifzfoL :j¿ksf] lju|x b]v] .
pgn] sfj]/Llsgf/sf] ;f]xL :yfgdf >L/ª\ud\sf] lju|xnfO{ k'gM:yfkgf u/L dlGb/
agfpg nufP . qmdzM of] dlGb/ kl/;/n] ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf ljzfn dlGb/ kl/;/sf]
klxrfg kfof] .
kl5 kNnj /fhfx¿n] pSt l9:sfdflysf] ljzfn kTy/df u0fklt eujfg\sf] dlGb/
agfpg nufP . plrlklnof/sf u0fkltsf] bz{g–k"hg ug{ hfg] eStx¿ ;j{k|yd o;
l9:sfsf] km]bdf /x]sf] dflgsf ljgfou/ dlGb/sf] bz{g ub{5g\ .
7f8f] psfnfdf ag]sf cUnf v'8\lsnf r9\gfn] ;Ltfsf] 3'F8fdf ;d:of eof] .
a8f] d'l:snn] pgL dfly k'lug\ / cem a8f] d'l:snn] tn cf]ln{g\ . af6fdf lgs}
kf]h kmf]6f] / cg]s lel8of] klg lnof}F . of] r9fO g} klg cfkm}Fdf :d/0fLo ;'vb
cg'ej xf] xfd|f nflu .
psfnf] r9\b} ubf{ cd]l/sfdf rfnL; jif{b]lv a:t} cfPsf Pshgf cfO{6Lsf
k|f]km];/sf] kl/jf/;Fu e]6 eof] . pgLx¿ klg xfdL;Fu} la:tf/} psfnf] r9],
xfdL;Fu} la:tf/} l;F9L cf]ln{P . a"9fsf] ;d:of klg ;Ltfsf] h:t} /x]5 . pgLx¿;Fu
klg kmf]6f] lvRof}F .
d}n] o'j/fh bfh'sf] cg'xf/df x]/]F, pxfF clt k|;Gg / pQ]lht
x'g'x'GYof], o; :yfgsf] ljz]iftfn] .
cf]ln{O;s]kl5 xfdLn] ToxfFsf] ;8ssf] eL8sf aLr pl;g]sf ds} vfof}F .
dL7f] eof] .
cf7f}F /ft klg c?0f xf]6nd} latfof}F .
@$ cS6f]a/ M xf]6n s]cf/P,
t]Ghf}/
ljhof bzdL, @)*) sflt{s & ut] . sNngO{,
t]Ghfj'/
d]/f sflxFnf xh'/afsf gflt kLtfDa/ bfOsf] 3/df hGd;"ts kg{ uof],
3/df gfltgL cfO{ . o;sf/0f o; jif{sf] ljhof bzdLdf xfd|f] kl/jf/n] 6Lsf nufpg
kfPg . o;} ePsfn] gf/fo0f, lul//fh, em'dgfy efOx¿n] uª\uf;fu/sf] ofqf ug{]
of]hgf agfP5g\ . dgf]h efGhf klg ;f] 6f]nLdf ;fd]n eP5g\ . clg t ef]nf, nIdL,
tf/f, l/tf klg ylkP5g\ . crfgs of]hgf ag]sfn] tTsfnsf] l6s6 sf6]/ ptf uP5g\ .
km];a'sdf kmf]6f] /fv]sf lyP .
h]7sf] s'/f, o;kflnsf] ofqfsf] af/]df of]hgf agfpFbf ;'?df ;Ltf Psbd
cklQ dflg/x]sL lyOg\– æs:tf] dflg; tkfO{F < 3/df a"9L x'g'eO;s]sL cfdf
x'g'x'G5 . rf8 cfO/x]sf] 5 . cfdfsf xftaf6 6Lsf cfzLjf{b yfKg 5f8]/ ef/tlt/
ef}Ftfl/g lsg dg nfu]sf] < clg t'?Gt ltxf/ cfOxfN5 . w]/} jif{kl5 ptf
cd]l/sfaf6 ;fFlNbbL cfpg'ePsf] 5 . kfFr} efO / rf/} lbbLalxgL Ps} 7fpF e]nf eP/
efO6Lsf dgfpg 5f8]/ PSn} ;'6'Ss grflxg] d'n'slt/ efUg] <Æ
xf] klg . cfdf c7f;L jif{sL x'g'ePsf] 5 . b;}Fdf cfdfsf xftsf] 6Lsf
yfKg}kg]{ xf] . ltxf/df cd]l/sfaf6 cfpg'ePsL ;fFlNbbLsf xftsf] klg 6Lsf yfKg}kg]{
xf] . rf/} lbbLalxgL / kfFr} bfh'efO h'6\g ;Sg] cj;/nfO{ nTofP/ Pslt/ x'OFlsg'
7Ls x'Fb}gYof] .
t/ otf 3/df cfo'if / cfz' 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] 5'6\6Lsf] df}sf kf/]/ ofqfdf
lg:sg' 7Ls x'G5 . b;}F / ltxf/sf] tL;–k}FtL; lbg labfdf pgLx¿ cfkm\gf 3/ hfg ;S5g\,
;Ltfsf] klg 5'6\6L ldN5 . o;} df}sfdf blIf0f ef/tsf] ofqfsf] sNkgf plrt x'GYof]
. c¿ ;dodf olt nfdf] 5'6\6L slxn] ldN5 / <
b'j} xftdf n8\8' x'Fb}g . of t cfdfsf xftsf] 6Lsf, of t ofqf . b;}F t
a;]{lg cfOxfN5, ofqf ug{ ;w}F cg's"n gxf]nf . o:t} ;f]r]/ xfdL cfdfsf
xftsf 6Lsf yfKg] cj;/;d]t kl/Tofu u/]/ otf cfPsf xf}F . t/ crfgs va/ cfof], o;
jif{sf] b;}F y'lgof], hGd;"tsn] .
o; va/n] ;LtfnfO{ /fxt ldNof] . cflv/Ldf 3/d} a;]sf] eP klg cfdfsf
xftsf] 6Lsf t yfKg gkfOg] g} /x]5, ofqfdf lg:s]sf] 7Ls} eP5 . hGd;"tssf
sf/0f b;}F y'lgPsfdf ;Ltf v';L kf] eOg\ . ;Ltfn] elgg\– æwGg gfltgL hlGd5, gq
dnfO{ 7"nf] ysys eO/xg] lyof] .Æ
sGofs'df/L, /fd]Zj/d\h:tf tLy{:yndf ;d]t hGd;"ts x'gfn] ljlwjt\
k"hf–bz{g ug{ ldn]sf] lyPg . t}klg ofqfdf vfgkfg, jf; / /ldtf x]g{ afwf lyPg
. log} b'lawf, ;'ljwf / c;'ljwfsf aLr ljhof bzdLsf] lbgdf xfdL sNngO{ afFwdf
cfOk'u]sf lyof}F .
sNngO{ afFw M sNngO{ -sNn0f}_ afFw lt?lr/fkNnLaf6 c7f/–pGgfO;
lsnf]ld6/hlt dfq 5 . laxfg p7]/ lrofgf:tf lnO;s]kl5 rf/} hgf lt?lr/fkNnLsf]
s]Gb|Lo a; :6]G8 k'Uof}F . ToxfFaf6 sNngO{ hfg] a; kfOg] /x]5g\ .
udL{ w]/} lyof] . a; /f]lsFbf ps';d's'; x'GYof] . t/ a;sf c¿ ofq'
/dfOnf x'gfn] af6f] sf6\g ;s; ePg . ;Ltfsf] 5]pdf ;–;fgf gfgLx¿ lyP, ltgLx¿n]
af6fel/ ;LtfnfO{ xF;fP . d]/f] 5]pdf a;]sf] s]6f] klg v'a af]n}of /x]5 . sNngO{
afFwsf] af/]df p;n] :s'ndf k|jrg lbPsf] /x]5 . dnfO{ p;n] tof/ kf/]sf] k|jrg
;'gfof] . lstfa k9]h:t} u/L . t/ oL s]6fs]6L cª\u|]hL af]nrfnrflxF /fd|/L ubf{
/x]5g\ . ltgsf cfdfx¿ klg cª\u|]hL /fd|} af]Ny] . u[lx0fL, Jofkf/L jf
km\ofS6/Ldf sfd ug]{ >lds klg cª\u|]hL af]Nbf /x]5g\ otf .
æxh'/ lqml:6og ls lxGb" <Æ ;Ltfsf] 5]pdf a;]sf] s]6fn] ;f]w]5 .
æd lxGb"h:tL 5' ls lqml:6og <Æ pgn] pN6} ;f]lw5g\ .
æl;Gb"/ 5, dª\un;"q 5, lxGb" g} x'g'k5{ . t/ ===.Æ
æxfdL lxGb" g} xf}F a]6f .Æ
æt/ lxGb" eP/ klg tldn efiff lsg ghfg]sf] < tldn efiff ghfGg]
klg lxGb" x'G5g\ <Æ p;n] ;f]Wof] .
æ;Kk} lxGb"n] tldn efiff hfGb}gg\ . lxGb"x¿ lxGbL, g]kfnL
aª\ufnL klg af]N5g\ . c¿ klg w]/} efiff af]Ng] lxGb" 5g\ ;+;f/el/ .Æ pgn]
elgg\ . xfdL b'O{ xfF:of}F .
ptf o'j/fh bfh' / efph" lxGbL af]Ng hfGg] dflg;sf] 5]pdf
x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFx¿n] ltgLx¿l;t cg]s ljifodf s'/fsfgL ug'{eof] . dnfO{ ofqfdf
o;/L :yfgLox¿;Fu s'/fsfgL ug{ kfpFbf ;xL ofqf ug{ kfPsf] cg'e"lt x'G5 .
xfdL ljzfn hnfzosf] lsgf/}lsgf/ uof}F .
d}n] d]/f] 5]pdf ePsf] afnsnfO{ ;f]w]F– æo; tnfpsf] gfd s] xf] <Æ
p;n] 7Ls;Fu eGg ;s]g . s]xLa]/kl5 b'O{tLg s]6fs]6Ldf tldn efiffdf 5nkmn eof] . clg ;f] s]6fn] eGof]– æof] tnfp ljzfn 5, o;sf] gfd sfj]/L xf] .
Æ
æsfj]/L t gbLsf] gfd xf] lg <Æ d}n] eg]F .
æxf] sfj]/L kljq gbLsf] gfd xf] .Æ o;f] eGbfeGb} p;n] tnfplt/ kms]{/
cfkm\gf b'O{ xft hf]8\of] .
clns k/ uPkl5 s]xL eL8ef8 b]lvof] . 6\ofS;L, l/S;f / lghL sf/x¿ b]lvP .
a; clns l9nf] eof] / Ps}l5gdf ;8s 5f8]/ xf]rf] v08df k:of] . xfdL sNngO{ afFw
k'Ug] a;sf] clGtd :6kdf cfOk'u]sf /x]5f}F . ;a} hgf cf]n]{ . cf]ln{of}F .
xfdL;Fu cfPsf s]6fs]6L;lxtsf] ;d"x 7"n} /x]5, b; afx| hgfsf]
. pgLx¿ 5'6\6L dgfpg cfPsf /x]5g\ .
afFwdf k'u]kl5 a'lemxflnof], of] t gbL kf] /x]5 . afFwsf sf/0f gbLsf]
kfgL km'n]/ tnfph:tf] ag]sf] /x]5 . st} w]/} rf}8f t st} sd rf}8f ePsfn] clg
lsgf/flt/ k|z:t l;d;f/ b]lvgfn] d}n] gbL g} xf] eGg] cg'dfg ug{ g;s]sf] /x]5' .
blIf0f ef/tdf htftt} 7"nf7"nf tnfp, hnfzo / 6\ofª\s x'g] ePsfn] klg
gbL g} kf] xf] ls eGg] cg'dfg;Dd gu/]sf] /x]5' .
oxfFaf6 gbL tLg eFufnfdf afFl8Fbf] /x]5 . d'Vo eFufnf] ptf sf]ln8d
gbLdf ldl;Fbf] /x]5, aLrsf] eFufnf] sfj]/L gbLsf] klxrfg kfP/ aUbf] /x]5, /
;a}eGbf bflxg]k6\l6sf] eFufnf]rflxF j]Ggf/ gbL aGbf] /x]5 . sf]ln8d, sfj]/L,
j]Ggf/ cflb sfj]/Ls} eFufnf x'g\ t/ tntn cfPkl5 sfj]/LeGbf o;sf] eFufnf]
sf]ln8d 7"nf] eP/ aUg] /x]5 . xfdLn] j]Ggf/ gbLsf] l8ndf pleP/ s]xL kf]h
kmf]6f] lvRof}F . tL s]6fs]6L klg xfdL;Fu kmf]6f] lvrfpg cfP . /dfOnf] eof] .
æu'8 afO{ k|m]G8 Û x\ofa c gfO; 8] ÛÆ o;f] eGb} s]6fs]6L cl3 a9] .
xfdLnfO{ sxLF k'Ug' lyPg, afFwsf] ;'Gb/tf, eJotf, ljzfntf / P]ltxfl;stfdf
/dfpg' lyof] .
sl/sn rf]n gfd u/]sf tldn /fhf b'O{ xhf/ jif{hlt cl3 o; e]udf /fHo
ub{y] . pgn] dx;'; u/] oxfFaf6 k"j{ / blIf0fsf] ljzfn d}bfgL e"ld
;'Svfu|:t 5 . l;FrfOsf] cefjn] /fHodf ef]sd/L eO/xG5 . sfj]/L gbLdf afFw afFwL
kfgL gx/ agfO{ nUg] xf] eg] l;FrfO ;'ljwf kfO{ ls;fg ;'vL x'g]5g\ . s/ p7\g]5 .
/fHo klg alnof] x'g]5 .
cfh;Dd k|of]udf cfO/x]sf k'/fgf afFwdWo] of] afFw ljZjsf] rf}yf]
k'/fgf] afFw xf] . blIf0f Pl;ofsf] rflxF of] o; k|sf/sf] ;a}eGbf h]7f] afFw xf]
. oxfF gbLdf afFw afFWg ljzfn 9'ª\ufx¿ cfsf/ ldnfP/ sf6L k|of]u ul/Psf 5g\ .
oxfF g r'gf k|of]u ePsf] 5 g l;d]G6 . 9'ª\ufsf 7"nf7"nf Ansx¿nfO{
hldgdf w;fP/ alnof] u/L uf8\g xfQL k|of]u ul/Psf lyP c/] . hldgdf 9'ª\uf] /fv]/
xfQLnfO{ r9\g nufO{ xNnfO{xNnfO{ vfFb]sf /] . o;/L k|ljlw / lj1fgsf] k|of]u
a]u/ p;a]nf xfQL / 3f]8fsf] ansf] e/df sfj]/Lh:tf] ljzfn gbLdf afFw afFlwPsf]
/] .
oxfFaf6 gx/ nuL blIf0f / k"j{sf] ljzfn e"lddf l;FrfO k'¥ofOof]
. wfg pTkfbg w]/} u'gf a9\of], ljzfn kmfF6x¿ v]tdf ablnP . dflg;sf] cg'xf/
ablnof] . gx/sf] lgdf{0fn] P]ltxfl;s ;kmntf kfof] . hgtfdf cfTduf}/jsf] lgdf{0f
u¥of] .
kl5 !*)$ df a]nfotL ;}lgs OlGhlgo/ SofK6]g sfN8j]nnfO{ a]nfotL ;/sf/n] o;
gx/sf] af/]df /fd|/L cWoog ug{ v6fof] . pgn] a'em], kfgLsf] 7"nf] lx:;f
cem} To;} v]/ uO/x]sf] 5 . afFw xf]rf] eP/ hnfzodf kof{Kt kfgL ;~ro eO/x]sf]
5}g / ;'Svf ;dodf gx/df kfgL sd eO/x]sf] 5 . pgn] afFwsf] pFrfO @& OGrn]
a9fOlbg] xf] eg] yk kfgL k|fKt x'g]5 / a9L If]qdf l;FrfO ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg ;lsg]5
eGg] cfkm\gf] cWoogaf6 lgisif{ lgsfn] .
t/ csf{ d]h/ l;dn] afFw cUNofpg'eGbf hldgd'lg :n'O; u]6 agfpg' plrt
b]v] . :n'O; u]6 eg]sf] afFwsf] lkFw jf Ps 5]plt/ 9f]sf agfpg], tf ls ls;fgnfO{
sd kfgL rflxg] ofddf tL 9f]sf vf]lnlbP/ afn'jf aUg lbg] . o;f] u/]df hnfzo k'gM
oyfjt\ ulx/f] /xg] x'G5, afn'jf hd]/ afFw el/g kfpFb}g . o;f] ug{ ;s]df a9L hn
;~ro ug{ ;lsg] x'G5 .
a]nfotL OlGhlgo/x¿n] sfj]/L gbLsf] af9Ln] tNnf] If]qdf k'¥ofPsf] Iflt
ljrf/ u/]/ gbLsf] kfgLsf] lbzf kl/jt{g u/L sf]ln8d eFufnf], sfj]/L gbL, j]Ggf/
eFufnf] / gx/df rfx]cg';f/ k7fpg] k|aGw ldnfP . pgLx¿n] afFwnfO{ cem kl/dfh{g
u/L a9L :n'O; u]6 agfP clg kfgLsf] ;~ro a9fP . sfj]/L gbLdf cGoq klg afFw
afFlwP .
sNngO{ afFwaf6 lg:sg] gx/n] o;b]lv d'lgsf] ljzfn e"efunfO{ l;FrfO
;'ljwf lbPsf] 5 . ;'Svf ;dodf sfj]/L gbL cfkm}Fdf Psbd sd kfgL lnP/ aU5, gx/df
kfgL slt auf];\ . o;y{ avf{ofddf cfPsf] kfgLnfO{ ljzfn hnfzodf hDdf ug'{sf]
ljsNk 5}g . xfdL uPsf] a]nfdf hnfzodf kfgL lgs} hDdf ul/Psf] eP klg gx/df ;fgf]
dfq kfgL 5fl8Psf] lyof] . tldngf8'sf] w]/} lx:;fsf] d'Vo s[lif ;d:of l;FrfO
cefj g} xf] .
xfdL afFwsf ;a} v08df 3'dL3'dL /dfof}F . kmf]6f] / lel8of] v'a}
lvFRof}F . afFw ev{/} /FufPh:tf] b]lvof] . ToxfF /fhfsf d"lt{ / ls;fg
gf/L–k'?ifsf d"lt{x¿ agfO{ /flvPsf /x]5g\ . /fhf ljzfn xfQLdf 5g\ . otf
jfl/k6\l6 /fhf 3f]8fdf klg 5g\ . ;a} ;flns cToGt cfsif{s 5g\ . plQs} /ª\uLg klg
. ls;fg k'?ifn] xnf] af]s]sf / :qLn] 3fF;sf] ef/L af]s]sf 5g\ . glhs} ;'Gb/
kfs{ klg 5 . afn pBfg . xfdL pBfgdf k:of}F / /dfof}F . clu xfdL;Fu cfPsf afnaflnsf
oxfF /dfO/x]sf lyP . kfs{df a;]/ ToxfFsf] nf]sn pl;g]sf ds} vfof}F . vfgfs}
;6\6fdf ds} vfOof] lg . dhf eof] .
ældq Û /dfOnf] 5 lg xlu <Æ clu d]/f] 5]pdf a;]sf] s]6fn] ;f]Wof] .
æuHha 5 . ;f]r]eGbf /dfOnf] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æb;x/fsf] 5'6\6Ldf 3'Dg lg:sg'ef xf] ls s;f] ldq <Æ p;n] km]l/
;f]Wof] .
æxf] t lg, t/ xfdL 3/af6 lxF8]sf] cfh gf} lbg eO;Sof] . 36:yfkgfb]lv
5'6\6L 5 / bLkfjnLkl5 dfq pgsf] :s'n nfU5 .Æ d}n] ;LtfnfO{ b]vfP/ eg]F .
æcDdfdfdf ==== . slt nfdf] labf lg <Æ
æoxL ;do xf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] labf x'g] . ljhof bzdL kj{ g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf
7"nf] kj{ xf] . clg bLkfjnL kj{ bf];|f] 7"nf] . bLkfjnLkl5sf] låtLofsf
lbg efO6Lsf kj{ dgfOG5 g]kfndf . To;}n] nfdf] labf lbOG5 .Æ
æP–P . xfd|f] t hDdf rf/ lbg 5'6\6L . Tof] klg zlgjf/ / cfOtjf/ ;d]t
lx;fa u/]/ . s'/f] vQd 5 lg xfd|f] t .Æ pm pbf; b]lvof] .
ævQd xf]Og Sof, stf s'g kj{df nfdf] labf x'G5 t stf s'g kj{df . st}
hf8f] labf x'G5, st} udL{ labf x'G5, st} t cem avf{ labf klg x'G5 .Æ d}n]
;Demfpg vf]h]F .
æhf8f]df klg labf < clg kfgL kg]{ ;dodf klg labf <Æ pm xfF:of] .
æhxfF lxpFbdf lxpF k5{, hf8f] labf x'G5, clg hxfF jif{sf] vf; dlxgfdf
clt w]/} jiff{ x'G5, ToxfF avf{ labf ul/G5 .Æ d}n] a'emfpg sf]l;; u/]F .
p;nfO{ cgf}7f] nfUof] . p;n] eGof]– æxf]nf . tkfO{F t ;f/f ef/t 3'd]sf]
dfG5] .Æ
d xfF;]F .
lbgsf] afx| aHg nfu]sf] lyof] /
udL{n] skfn g} hNnf eg]h:tf] lyof] . 3fd clt s8f . lbg clt ;kmf . otfptf
lgs}lt/ 3'ld;s]kl5 xfdL kmsL{ a; :6]G8df cfof}F . a; :6]G8g]/ t/a'hf] a]Rg
a;]sf s]xL dlxnfx¿ lyP . xfdL ltgLx¿;Fu af]Ng vf]Hof}F .
k;NgL clncln lxGbL / cª\u|]hL af]lNb /lx5g\ . pgn] elgg\– æo; jif{ sd
kfgL k¥of] . hnfzo g} el/Psf] 5}g .Æ Tolt b'AnL, rfp/L, sfnL, g]K6L / s'¿kf eP
klg dL7f] d':sfg lbPkl5 /fd|L nflUyg\ . d':sfg dflg;sf] ;a}eGbf ;'Gb/ uxgf xf]
.
ljhof bzdLsf] lbg x'gfn] cfdfnfO{ kmf]g u¥of}F . cfdf;Fu nfdf] s'/fsfgL
eof] . cfdfnfO{ xfd|f] ofqf ;kmntfk"j{s cl3 al9/x]sf] / ofqf /f]df~rs,
;'vb / /dfOnf] eO/x]sf] eGof}F . ;Ltfn] 6Lsf nfpg gkfPsf] ljifodf cfdf;Fu nfd}
s'/fsfgL ul/g\ .
clg t/a'hf] lsg]/ sf6L vfof}F . udL{sf] xkxkdf t/a'hfn] /fxt lbof] .
6x/fsf] kSsL a]Grdf clns kmf]xf]/ lyof], o;f] k'5kf5 kf/]/ cf/fd ug{ a:of}F .
lemFufsf] x"nn] cf/fd ug{ lbPg . tftf] 3fdn] aflx/km]/ lg:sg lbPg .
;du|df sNn0f} afFw lgs} cfsif{s ko{6sLo If]q /x]5 . tldngf8'sf / cGoqsf
ef/tLox? oxfF 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf cfpFbf /x]5g\ . htf klg ko{6s lyP .
w]/}h;f]rflxF db'/}, lt?lr/fkNnL, t]Ghf}/lt/sf dflg; lyP . logLx?;Fu} kmf]6f]
lvRg kfpg', s'/fsfgL ug{ kfpg' / j/k/sf] b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ kfpg' d]/f] ;f]rfOdf
;xL ofqf lyof] .
@$ cS6f]a/sf] ;fFemdf xfdL t]Ghf}/sf] xf]6]n s]=cf/=P=df cfP/ a:of}F . cfP/
sf]7f kfpFbf l9nf] ePsfn] st} 3'Dg uPgf}F . a]n'sf 5f]/Lx¿, ;fnL hof,
h]7L;f;" 6ª\sf l;Ub]n, c/ljGb / d"nrGb|l;t kmf]gdf s'/fsfgL u¥of}F .
cf;fd lgsf;Lsf ;;'/fa'af o1 k/fh'nLaf6 klg kmf]g cfof] . pxfF;Fu klg af]Nof}F .
gf/fo0f, lul//fh / em'dgfy efOx¿n] km];a'sdf uª\uf;fu/df 8'a'NsL df/]sf kmf]6f]
cknf]8 u/]sf lyP . tL kmf]6f] x]/]/ xfdL v';L eof}F . dgf]h efGhfx¿ klg ;+nUg
ePsfn] pgLx¿sf] ofqf /dfOnf] b]lvof] .
@% cS6f]a/ M xf]6n s]cf/P,
t]Ghf}/
sflt{s cf7 a'wjf/, PsfbzL lrbDa/d\, lkrfj/d\, cGgdn}
.
^= lrbDa/d\
lrbDa/d\ M o; lbg xfdLn] t]Ghf}/ 3'Dg ;lsGYof] . t/ xfdLn] ptf lrbDa/d\ klxn] 3'Dg] clg dfq
t]Ghf}/ e|d0f ug]{ ljrf/ u¥of}F . tldngf8'sf] s'8\8fnf]/ lhNnfdf kg]{ ;x/
lrbDa/d\ Ps P]ltxfl;s wfld{s ;x/ xf] . j]Nnf/ / sf]lnbd gbLsf] aLrdf a;]sf] of]
;x/ kNnj, rf]n, kf08\o, ljhogu/ ;fd|fHo, t]Ghf}/ gfos, d/f7f / la|l6;x¿af6
zfl;t eof] . of] P]ltxfl;s ljhogu/ /fHosf] /fhwfgLsf] ¿kdf kl/lrt 5 . ltNnO{
g6/fh dlGb/ / ltNnO{ sfnL dlGb/sf sf/0f klg of] ;x/ k|l;4 5 . lbJo>L
uf]ljGb/fhf k]?dn dlGb/ -lt?lrqs"8d\_ ef/tsf !)* lbJob]zd\dWo] Ps xf] .
of] dlGb/ ltNnO{ g6/fh dlGb/ kl/;/d} 5 . o; Ô]qsf cGo tLg k|l;4 k|frLg
dlGb/x¿df lt?j]6snd\ lzj dlGb/ -j8ls¿kk'_, lt?g]njOn lzjdlGb/ -lzjk'/L_ /
lt?SshLKkNnO{ kNjGggfy/ dlGb/ kb{5g\ .
nueu ^%,))) hgtfsf] a;f]jf; ePsf] ;fgf] wfld{s ;x/ xf] lrbDa/d\ cfh .
;g\ !(@( df ag]sf] cGgdnO{ ljZjljBfno o; e"efusf] ;a}eGbf h]7f] /
dxŒjk"0f{ z}lÔsk|lti7fg xf] . o; ;x/sf] cfosf] d'Vo ;|f]t ko{6g xf] .
lrt\ zAbsf] cy{ 1fg, hfu/0f, ljj]s jf r]tgf xf] eg] cDa/d\sf] cy{
cfsfz, kl/j]z jf jftfj/0f xf] . o;y{ lrbDa/d\ zAbn] 1fg jf r]tgfsf] kl/j]z eGg]
cy{ lbG5 . o;af6 ;x/sf] k|lti7f 1fg, ljj]s, a'l4h:tf s'/f;Fu slt hf]l8Psf] 5
a'‰g sl7g 5}g .
syfcg';f/ ltNnO{ kxf8df cg]s Clifd'lgx¿ a:ty] . ltgLx¿ tGqljBf,
hfb'6'gf cflbsf] cEof; ub{y] . pgLx¿nfO{ nfUYof], dGq / o1ofuflbåf/f O{Zj/nfO{
lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 . eujfg\ lzjhLn] of] s'/f yfxf kfpg'eof] . pxfF leÔf6g ug]{
leÔ'sf] e]ifdf 3'Db}3'Db} oxfF cfpg'eof] . lzjhLsf ;fydf df]lxgL¿k lji0f'hL
kTgL¿kdf x'g'x'GYof] . Clif / ClifkTgLx¿ of] hf]8Lsf] cg'kd ¿k;f}Gbo{ b]v]/
dGqd'Uw eP . cfˆgf kTgLx¿ lzjhLsf] ¿kdf df]lxt b]v]/ Clifx¿ kTgLx¿;Fu Psbd
l/;fP . l/;fPsf Clifx¿n] dGq / of]uljBfåf/f gfu pTkGg u/] . lzjhLn] tL
gfux¿nfO{ xftdf lng'eO{ h6f, 3fF6L / sDd/df dfnfsf] ¿kdf wf/0f ug'{eof] . of]
b]v]/ Clifx¿ c´ l/;fP . pgLx¿n] l/;sf] ´f]Fsdf dGq k|of]u u/L af3 pTkGg u/] .
lzjhLn] pÏ af3sf] 5fnf sDd/df a]/]/ j:qsf] ¿kdf nufpg'eof] . Clifx¿ c´ l/;fP,
pgLx¿n] dGqåf/f xfQL pTkGg u/] . lzjhLn] To;nfO{ dfl/lbg'eof] . of] syf
uhf;'/;+xf/ eGg] syfdf k9\g kfOG5 .
Clifx¿n] cfˆgf] ;Dk"0f{ tk:of, dGqzlÏ / tGqljBf vr{ u/]/ d'ofnsg
gfdsf] cToGt eofgs / qm'4 /fÔ; pTkGg u/] . d'ofnsg /fÔ; qmf]w, 3dG8 /
d"v{tfsf] gd'gf lyof] . of] b]v]/ lzjhL d';'Ss d':sfpg'eof] . pxfFn] To;
/fÔ;sf] sfFwdf r9]/ To;nfO{ lg:t]h kfg'{eof] . /fÔ; r6k6fpg} ;s]g . To;kl5
lzjhLn] cfˆgf] ;SsnL ¿k k|s6 ub}{ cfgGb–tf08jd\ b]vfpg yfNg'eof] . Clifd'lgx¿n]
cfkm";Fu hlt;'s} of]uzlÏ, tGqljBf, tk:ofan, WofgzlÏ jf dGqljBf eP klg
dxfb]jsf cufl8 ltgsf] s]xL rNb}g eGg] a'´] . pgLx¿ dxfb]jsf] z/0fdf k/] .
tldn ;flxTosf] k|frLgtd ljj/0fdf o; ;x/ / dlGb/sf] rrf{ kfOG5 . ;ftf}F
ztfAbLsf sljx¿n] o; e"ldsf] ;'Gb/ sfJofTds rrf{ u/]/ otfsf] Oltxf;nfO{ cd/
agfPsf 5g\ . lt?1fg ;+jGt/, lt?gj'Ss/;/ / ;'Gb/d"¨t gfog/ cflb tLg sljx¿n]
o; e"efusf] ;'Gb/ j0f{g u/]sf 5g\ .
o; ;x/df Hofbfh;f] ;do ud© x'G5 . l8;]Da/ / hgj/Ldf clns zLtn x'G5 .
jif{el/df cS6f]a/ / gf]e]Da/df ;a}eGbf Hofbf jiff{ x'G5 eg] km]a'|c/L, dfr{ /
clk|ndf ;a}eGbf sd kfgL k5{ .
lzjhLsf] g6/fh cjtf/ lrbDa/d\ ;x/sf d'Vo b]jtf x'g\ eg] df/ufhL
lt?jflb/} pT;j oxfFsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] kj{ xf] . of] lrbDa/d\ dlGb/;Fu
;DalGwt kj{ xf] . of] kj{ jif{el/sf z'Snrt'b{zLdf dgfOG5 . lzjhL cfb|f{ gÔq
kf/]/ oxfF cjtl/t x'g'x'G5 eGg] dflg;x¿ ljZjf; u/L of] pT;j dgfpF5g\ . df3
dlxgfdf ef/tel/af6 oxfF e/tgf6Ød\ k|bz{gfy{ gt{s–g[TofËgfx¿ e]nf x'G5g\ . of]
zf:qLo g[To lzjdf ;dlk{t ul/G5 . e/tgf6Ød e/td'lgn] ;'?cft u/]sf] dflgG5 . of]
g[To ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf] g[To xf] . ef/tsf cGo k|l;4 zf:qLo g[Tox¿
s'lrk'8L, sTys, sTysnL, dl0fk'/L / cf]l8;L x'g\ . e/tgf6Ød\ tldngf8'sf] df}lns
zf:qLo g[To xf] . e/tgf6Ød\ dlGb/x¿df lzjhLdf ck{0f ug{sf nflu gf/Lx¿åf/f dfq
gflrGYof] . of] g[To !(#) b]lv dfq ;fj{hlgs d~rx¿df k|bz{g ug{ yflnPsf] xf] .
of] g[To Ps hgfn] nuftf/ b'O{ 306f;Dd k|:t't ul/G5 . aLrdf klx/g km]g]{ cflb
s'g} sfd x'Fb}g .
gf]a]n k'/:sf/ ljh]tf j]gsL /fds[i0fg\ o;} ;x/df ;g\ !(%@ df hGd]sf lyP
. oxfFsf P]oKkf/ bLlÔtf/ -!%@)–!%(#_ k|l;4 of]uL / cå}t dtsf k|rf/s tyf cWo]tf
lyP .
cn OlG8of cGgf b|lj8 d'Gg]q shud\, b|lj8 d'Gg]q shud\, sDo'lg:6 kf6©
ckm OlG8of -dfS;{jfbL_, ef/tLo /flÓ«o sfFu|]; tyf tldn dflg; sfFu|];n] oxfF
r'gfj lht]sf 5g\ . xfn cn OlG8of b|lj8 d'Gg]q shud\sf g]tf s]=P kfl08og o;
Ô]qsf ljwfos -PdPnP_ 5g\ .
xfdLn] s'Dasf]gd\ / dfofj/d\ x'Fb} u|fdL0f ;8s eP/ a;df lrbDa/d\sf] ofqf
ug{ kfof}F . d'Vo dlGb/ g6/fh dlGb/ k'Ubf lbgsf] P3f/ aHg nfu]sf] lyof] . vf;}
eL8 lyPg, bz{g ug{ plt w]/} ;do nfu]g . æltNnO{ g6/fhf/ sf]ljnÆsf] bz{g 7Ls;Fu
ug{ kfPsf] v';Ldf xfdL k'nlst lyof}F .
otfsf] udL{sf] klg s'/f u/f}F, udL{ t slt xf] slt, pv/dfpnf] lyof] . clg
dlGb/aflx/ lg:s]kl5 xfdLn] rkL{sf] vf]hL u¥of}F . dflg;n] 6\jfOn]6 eg]sf] a'em]
kf] Û ToxfF lxGbL jf cª\u|]hL hfGg] dfG5] slt u/] klg e]l6Pg . w]/}a]/ kfOvfgf,
/]:6?d, jf;?d cflb ;f]Wb} 3'Dof}F . aNnaNn Ps hgfn] a'em]– otflt/ t
6\jfOOn]6\6f eGg'kg]{ /x]5 .
dlGb/sf] cufl8k6\l6sf] Pp6f ;kmf / eL8ef8/lxt xf]6ndf k:of}F / vfgf
vfof}F . vfgf klg s] eGg', d}n] O8nL vfPF, bfh'n] 8f];f vfg'eof] clg ;Ltf /
efph"n] rflxF Totflt/ kfOg] k/f]7f vfg'eof] . ;f9] afx| of Ps ah]lt/
lrbDa/d\sf] d'Vo dlGb/sf] bz{g u/]/ xfdL km';{t eO;s]sf lyof}F . x'g t oxfFaf6
glhs} 5g\ sfnL cDdfg dlGb/ / a|x\dk'/LZj// dlGb/ / t/ xfd|flt/ tL dlGb/sf] vf;}
rrf{ gx'g] ePsfn] Totf hfg] ;'/ u/]gf}F . dnfO{ nfUof], oxfFaf6 Psbd} glhs}sf]
cGgdn} ljZjljBfno hfg' 7Ls x'G5 . of] ljZjljBfosf] e|d0f Ps :d/0fLo cg'ej x'g]5
.
dlGb/sf] blIf0fL v08df xfdLn] s]xL kmnkm"n b]Vof}F . udL{ ;dodf
t/a'hf] vfg' 7Ls x'G5 eGg] eof] . o'j/fh bfh'n] cDaf / :ofp klg ykf}F eGg'eof]
. :ofp, cDaf / t/a'hf] af]s]/ xfdL dlGb/sf] blIf0fL efudf cfOk'Uof}F . ca
ToxfFsf] eL8ef8/lxt v08df a;]/ dhfn] vfg] eGg] dg lyof] .
t/ ;LtfnfO{ ;Grf] ePg . pgL rSs/ nfUof] eGb} al;g\ . d pgsf] 5]pdf a;]F
. kfgL lkpg lbPF .
æ6fpsf] klg b'v]sf] 5 <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
æPsbd r8\s]sf] 5 6fpsf] . pN6L g} xf]nf h:tf] kf] eof] .Æ pgsf] cg'xf/
Psbd km';|f] eof] .
glhs} Ps hgf Psbd df]6L t/ km'lt{nL / xFl;nL dlxnf b]vf kl/g\ . ltgL
lxGbL af]Ng hfGg] /lx5g\ . pgn] cfkm\gf] k;{af6 Ps 6\ofAn]6 lgsflng\ .
pgn] elgg\– ænf} of] vfgf];\ . Psbd 7Ls eOxfN5 . hfb'sf] sfd u5{ .Æ
d}n] pgsf] xftaf6 Tof] cf}iflw lnPF . s] /x]5 eg]/ x]/]sf] t
l;6fdf]nsf] uf]nL kf] /x]5 . l;6fdf]n t xfdL;Fu klg lyof] . pgnfO{ wGojfb eg]F
t/ hyfefjL l;6fdf]n v'jfOxfNg dg dfg]g .
æv'jfOxfNgf];\ .Æ pgn] s/ ul/g\ .
d}n] ;LtfnfO{ l;6fdf]nsf] Tof] uf]nL v'jfPF . pgL v';L eOg\ .
ækm]l/ la;Grf] eof] eg] km]l/ vfg'k5{ . of] klg /fVgf];\ .Æ pgn]
vf]n;lxtsf] csf]{ klg uf]nL lbOg\ . pgL 7"nf] d':sfg agfpFb} lxFl8 klg
xflng\ .
pgL hfg nfu]sf] b]v]/ d}n] ;f]w]F– ætkfO{F 8fS6/ ls g;{ <Æ
æd 8fS6/ klg x}g, g;{ klg x}g . xfp;jfOkm . pM d]/L 5f]/L .Æ ;ft–cf7
jif{sL clns df]6L s]6LnfO{ pgn] cf}FNofOg\ . clns klt{/ pgsf klt 5f]/LnfO{ 8f]¥ofO/x]sf
lyP . 5f]/Ln] xfdLlt/ x]/L . p;sf] d':sfg cfdfsf] eGbf 7"nf] /x]5 . p;n]
hf]8n] xft xNnfP/ afO{ egL . b'O{ r'N7f af6]sf] p;sf] s]z v'a;Fu xlNnof] . ltgLx¿
ToxLF /f]lsPsf] Pp6f ;'Gb/ gofF sf/df k;] . sf/ t'?Gt} a]kQf eOxfNof] .
s]xLa]/df ;Ltf pl7g\ .
æca clns 7Ls ef] . hfg'k5{, hfcf}F .Æ pgn] elgg\ .
xfdLn] :ofp / cDaf vfof}F . clg k'gM klZrdL åf/lt/ nfUof}F .
d}n] ;f]r]F, ptf lkrj/d\ hfg ;s]df dfGu|f]e km/]:6sf] ofqf klg x'g]5 .
;do lx;fa u/]F, ptf k'u]/ kmsL{ km]l/ olt nfdf] af6f] t]Ghf}/ hfg'kg]{ 5 .
ghfpmF eGg] eof] .
&= lkrj/d\
Ps hgf d';ndfgh:tf] dflg; b]lvof] . p;nfO{ lxGbLdf ;f]w]F– æxfdL
lkrj/d\sf] DofGu|f]e km/]:6 x]/]/ kms{g EofpF5f}F t cfh} <Æ
ælsg gEofpg' < dhfn] EofOG5 . tkfO{Fx¿n] ptfsf] ofqf ;s]/ oxfF kfFr
ah] t ;lhn} kms{g ;lsxfNg'x'G5 lg .Æ p;n] :ki6 lxGbLdf hafkm lbof] .
æclg kfFr ah] cfOk'u]/ s] ug'{ < xfd|f] 8]/f8G8f ptf t]Ghf}/df 5 .
t]Ghf}/ k'Ug}k5{ xfdLn] jf; a:g .Æ
æs'g d'l:snsf] sfd ef] < 5 ah]sf] 6«]g kqmg] clg hfg] . 5 ah]sf]
6«]g 5'l6xfn] klg 8/ 5}g cf7 ah]sf] csf]{ 6«]g 5Fb} 5, To;nfO{ kqm]/ hfg], 8]9
306fsf] s'/f t xf] .Æ p;n] cfZj:t kf¥of] . xfdL;Fu s'/f ug{ kfPsfdf pm v';L
b]lvof] .
otflt/ d';ndfgx¿;Fu s'/f ug'{k5{ . d';ndfgnfO{ pb"{ efiff cfpg]
ePsfn] sfdrnfp lxGbL klg af]N5g\ .
xfdLn] ca t'?Gt a;kfs{ hfg'kg]{ eof] . o'j/fh bfh'n] xtfl/Fb} Ps hgf
:yfgLonfO{ a;kfs{ stf 5 eg]/ ;f]Wg'eof]– æa;kfs{ ÛÆ p;n] s'/} a'em]g . kfs{
eg]sf] ;'g]5, p;n] Psflt/ b]vfOlbof] .
d}n] csf]{ dflg;nfO{ lkrj/d\sf nflu a; kqmg] 7fpF sxfF 5 eg]/ ;f]w]F .
p;n] ;8s};8s hfg] O;f/f u¥of] / æa; :6]G8Æ hfg eGof] . otflt/ lxGbL hfGg] dfG5]
e]6\g} d'l:sn .
xfdL t'?Gt a;kfs{df k'Uof}F . otflt/ hxfF klg Jojl:yt a;kfs{ 5g\ .
;fgfltgf ahf/df ;d]t ultnf a;kfs{ 5g\ . logLx¿ a;kfs{nfO{ a;:6]G8 eG5g\ . a;
/f]lsg] 7fpFnfO{ rflxF a; :6keGbf /x]5g\ .
a;:6]G8df a; l7Ss k/]sf] /x]5 ptf lkrj/d\ hfgsf nflu . xfdL xtf/xtf/ r9\of}F
. a; t xfdL rl9;Sgf;fy lxFl8xfNof] . a; ;x/L v08af6 Ps}l5gdf ufpFlt/ x'OFlsof]
. ;8s ;fFu'/} eP klg a; hyfefjL /f]St}gg\ otf, a; :6kdf dfq cl8G5 . udL{n]
ps';d's'; eO/x]sf] lyof] t/ :yfgLo k'?if / dlxnf lgl:kmqmL b]lvGy] . ;8sdf
lxF8\g] / v]tx'Fbf] sfddf nfu]sfx¿ s;}sf] xftdf 5ftf lyPg . otflt/ hlt;'s} s8f
3fd eP klg 5ftf 6f]kL cflb cf]l8Fbf] /x]g5 Sof/ .
la:tf/} la:tf/} ;d'b|lsgf/sf a:tLsf] 9fFrf cfpg yfNof] . v]tL ;3g ¿kdf
ul/Fbf] /x]5 otflt/ . wfg sf6\gf;fy k'gM wfg /f]Kg] tof/L eO/x]sf] lyof] .
æaNn kfgL k/]sf] 5 . ca ls;fg Jo:t x'g] lbg cfof] . cfh} xf] hldg leHg]u/L
kfgL k/]sf] .Æ d]/f] 5]pdf a;]sf] dflg;n] eGof] . o;nfO{ lxGbL af]Ng clncln
cfpFbf] /x]5 . aLraLrdf cgf}7f zAb 3';fOxfNYof], ;fob tL tldn zAb lyP .
d cfZro{rlst ePsf] b]v]/ p;n] eGof]– æo; jif{ kfgL em\of/{em'/{ dfq
k/]sf] 5 . ls;fgn] v]tL nufpg d'l:sn eO/fv]sf] lyof] . carflxF avf{ ;'? ePs}
xf] . vf]nfgfnfdf kfgL 5}g . gx/df ;d]t kfgL 5}g . l8k j]nn] slt wfGg] /, x}g
<Æ
o; jif{ @)@# cyf{t\ uPsf] k';b]lv sflt{s;Dd kfgL g} gk/]sf] s'/f pm
eGb} lyof] . kfgL gk/] klg v]tLaf/L ;a} l;FrfO u/]/ 7Ls;Fu cGgafnL nufpFbf
/x]5g\ .
s]xLa]/df xfdL gofF vfnsf af]6la?jf ePsf] u|fdL0f v08df k'Uof}F .
otflt/sf 3/ klg ;fgf /x]5g\ . ca ;d'b| Psbd} glhs} x'g'k5{ eGg] dnfO{ nfUof] .
;fgfltgf a:tL / ahf/df dflg; cf]n]{ . ca a;df ofq' Psbd} sd eO;s]sf lyP . t/ c¿
rf/ kfFr lsnf]ld6/ lxF8]kl5 dfq a; cl8of] .
ænf} cfOk'luof] . cf]n{gf];\ .Æ 8«fOe/n] xfdLnfO{ tldn efiffdf o:t}
s]xL eGof] . p;n] O;f/f u/]/ a; clGtd :6kdf cfOk'u]sf] atfof] . ;a} dflg; cf]n]{
.
oxfF t s'g} kfs{h:tf] 7fpF kf] /x]5 . j/k/ lgs}j6f l/hf]6{ xf]6]nx¿,
;'Gb/ km"naf/L ePsf ;/sf/L / lghL 3/x¿ clg 7"nf7"nf xf]6n klg . xfdL;Fu
cfPsf dflg;x¿ htf nfu] xfdL klg Tot} nfUof}F . DofGu|f]e km/]:6df df]6/af]6
r9]/ hfg'kg]{ /x]5 . cf7 hgf k'u]kl5 dfq nfg] /x]5g\ . xfdL t rf/ hgf dfq
lyof}F . ca s] ug]{ xf] d cndNn k/]F .
o;f] cufl8 x]5'{ t g6/fh dlGb/sf] blIf0fL åf/df >LdtL / 5f]/LnfO{
sf/df r9fP/ x'OFSofpg] ToxL clusf] dflg; Û
ætkfO{Fx¿ klg oxfF <Æ d}n] cª\u|]hLdf ;f]w]F .
æxh'/ . t/ df]6/af]6sf nflu cf7 hgf ofq' rflxg], xfdL tLg hgfdfq 5f}F .
tkfO{Fx¿ klg hfg] eP af]6 ;]o/ ug{ kfOGYof] .Æ p;n] eGof] .
æxfdL rf/ hgf eOxfNof}F . tkfO{Fx¿ tLg hgf eg]kl5 ;ft hgf .Æ d}n] eg]F
.
o;/L df]6/af]6 klg ldlnxfNof] . krf; ldg]6hlt 8'nfpg] /x]5 df]6/af]6n]
. 8'ª\uf rfnsn] DofGu|f]e km/]:6sf af/]df w]/} s'/f atfof] . pm xfd|f] ufO8 klg
eOlbof] . xfdLn] tL nx/fh:tf h/f knfPsf afSnf g afSnf emf8Lsf aLrsf] hndfu{df
df]6/af]6df hfg kfof}F . kft x]bf{ /a/sf x'g\ ls a/sf x'g\, t/ clns ;fgf nfUg]
. ¿vrflxF ;fgf x'g\ . lsgf/k6\l6 afSn} eP klg hldgsf] v08df plt afSnf] nfUb}gg\
tL .
k"/} kl/jf/, Tof] ;fgL gfgL;d]t, cª\u|]hL af]Ng hfGg] ePsfn]
xfdLnfO{ s'/fsfgL ug{ ;lhnf] / /dfOnf] eof] . xfdL;Fu hfg] Tof] ;fgL gfgLsf]
gfd ljlzi6f / afa'rflxFsf] gfd lzjs[i0f /x]5, cfdfrflxFsf] gfd la;]{F .
lzjs[i0fhL OlGhlgo/ /x]5g\ . pgLx¿ sf/ lnP/ otf 3'Dg lg:s]sf /x]5g\ .
x}b/fafbb]lv PsxKt] 5'6\6Ldf Ps xhf/ lsnf]ld6/eGbf Hofbf b"/L sf/df kf/
u/]/ cfPsf /x]5g\ . 8'ª\ufaf6 lg:s]kl5 pgLx¿ cfkm\gf] sf/lt/ nfu] .
/dfOnf] eof] . kmf]6f] / lel8of] lvFRof}F . /dfP/ 3'Dof}F . tLg ah]lt/
k;]sf xfdL aflx/ lg:sFbf nueu rf/ ah]sf] lyof] . olt Ps 306f hLjge/sf nflu
:d/0fLo eOlbof] .
d}n] 8'ª\uf r9\g'cufl8 xfdL;Fu ePsf] t/a'hf] Pp6f lkknsf] ;fgf]
af]6d'lg /fv]sf] lyPF . kms]{/ cfpFbf Tof] l6k]/ xfdL nfUof}F . a; :6kdf a;
tof/ lyof] . xfdL kms{g yflnxfNof}F . oltv]/ rflxF df};d clncln w'lDdP/ zLtn g}
eO/x\of] .
a; r9]/ xfdL lrbDa/d\ cfof}F . lrbDa/d\g]/ cfOk'u]kl5 d}n] lx;fa u/]F,
cGgdn} ljZjljBfno 3'Dg Ps 306f ;do 5 xfdL;Fu . 3'Dg] xf] .
cGgdn} ljZjljBfno M clg xfdL a;af6 cf]nL{ c6f] kqm]/ ljZjljBfnotkm{
xflGgof}F . ljZjljBfnosf ljleGg ljefux¿, v08x¿ / ejgx¿ x]g{ kfof}F . Tolt ljzfn
ljZjljBfno 3'Dg Ps–8]9 306f kof{Kt lyPg . t}klg w]/}lt/ uof}F .
cGTodf xfdL v]ns'b ljefutkm{ k:of}F . ToxfF t lgs}j6f v]nd}bfg /x]5g\ .
xfdL Pp6fdf k:of}F . d v]nd}bfgsf] /];sf];{ Ps rSs/ bf}8]F . clg v';L x'Fb}
xfdL kmSof}{F .
ljZjljBfnosf] kl/;/af6 aflx/ lg:s]/ k}bn} cl3 a9\of}F . ;8s;Dd k}bn
cfpg b; ldg]6hlt nfUof] xf]nf . ;8sdf cfpgf;fy ptfaf6 a; cfof] . xfdL /]nj]
:6];gdf cf]ln{of}F .
6«]g 5 ah] cfpg] /x]5 . hg/n l8Aafsf] l6s6 lnO{ kv]{/ a:of}F . cfwf
306fhltdf 6«]g cfof] . To;df r9L kms]{/ t]Ghf}/ cfOk'Ubf /ftsf] ;f9] gf} ah]sf]
lyof] .
*= t]Ghf}/ ;x/
tldngf8'sf] t]Ghf}/ ;x/df xfdL k'Ug}kg]{ 7fpF b'O6f 5g\ .
s= a[xbLZj/ dlGb/ M ljZj;Dkbf ;"rLdf kg]{ of] dlGb/ rf]n o'usf]
;a}eGbf h]7f] / hLljt dlGb/ xf] . oxfF eujfg\ lzjsf g[To/t d"¨tx¿ 5g\,
h;nfO{ g6/fh elgG5 . o; dlGb/nfO{ k]?a'l6of/ sf]ljn gfdn] :yfgLo hgtfn]
af]nfpF5g\ . o;nfO{ /fhf/fh]Zj/d\ jf t]Gh} k]l/of sf]ljn klg elgG5 . /fhf/fhf
rf]nn] agfPsfn] dlGb/nfO{ /fhf/fh]Zj/d\ eg]sf x'g\ .
of] o:tf] dlGb/ xf] h;sf] 5fof huGgfy k'/Lsf ´}F slxNo} e"lddf kb}{g
. o; dlGb/sf] lgdf{0fdf huGgfyk'/Lsf] dlGb/ lgdf{0fdf ´}F s'g} k|sf/sf] Un' of
r'gf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5}g . t/ klg of] ztflAbof}Fb]lv Ho"FsfTo"F v8f 5
. of] dlGb/ /fhf /fh rf]n k|ydaf6 ;g\ !)!) df lgdf{0f u/fOPsf] xf] . !#),))) 6g
u|]gfO6 kTy/n] of] ag]sf] 5 .
dlGb/sf] 6'Kkfdf Ps snz 5 . lzv/df /flvPsf] Psdfq kTy/ nueu Psf;L 6gsf]
5 . of] s;/L ToxfF r9fOof] xf]nf < p;a]nf qm]g jf cGo oGq lyPgg\ . vfln
xfQLsf] andf Tof] Psf;L 6gsf] snz s;/L Tolt dfly r9fOof] xf]nf, cg'dfg ug{;d]t
sl7g 5 . ef/tLo l/ha{ a}Ín] !(%$ sf] Ps xhf/sf] gf]6df o; dlGb/sf] lrq 5fk]sf]
5 . of] ljZj;Dkbf ;"rLdf ;d]t ;"rLs[t 5 .
o; Ô]qdf sxLF klg u|]gfO6 kfOFb}g . oltsf u|]gfO6 s;/L sxfFaf6 NofOof],
of] /x:o cfh;Dd v'n]sf] 5}g . of] dlGb/ t]x| tn] 5, / $$ Ps8df km}lnPsf] o;
dlGb/sf] pFrfO @!^ lkm6 5 . dlGb/ :yfkgfsf] !))) jif{ k'u]sf] pknIodf ef/tdf
!))) ?lkofFsf] l;Ssf agfOof] h;sf] tf}n #% u|fd lyof] . o;df c;L k|ltzt rfFbL /
aL; k|ltzt tfdf ld;fOPsf] lyof] .
oxfFaf6 nueu ^) lsnf]ld6/sf] 3]/fdf s'g} kxf8 5}g, s'g} kTyl/nf]
e"ld 5}g . s;/L o;nfO{ rflxg] kTy/ NofOof] xf]nf < oxfFsf] !# lkm6
cUnf] gGbL klg Ps} kTy/af6 ag]sf] 5 . oxfFsf] lzjlnË ;f}/fÓ«af6 NofOPsf] xf] .
sDtLdf klg @%) 6gsf] 9'Ëf] NofP, sf6]/ agfP . pt} agfP/ olt nfdf] af6f] NofpFbf
To;df bfu / rf]6 nfUg ;SYof] . /f]8 lyPg, k'n lyPgg\, 6«s lyPgg\, ljGWofrn kxf8
kf/ u/fP/ Tof] s;/L NofP <
of] dlGb/ k'8'sf]§}sf] kxf8af6 kTy/ nuL agfOPsf] xf] eGg] cg'dfg ul/G5 .
a[xbLZj/ dlGb/ tLgj6f 5g\ M != /fh/fhf k|ydn] agfpg nufPsf] t]Ghf}/sf] @=
uª\ufO{sf]G8f, rf]nfk'/d\sf] /fhf /fh]Gb| k|ydn] agfpg nufPsf], #= P]/fjt]Zj/
dlGb/ /fhf /fh låtLon] agfpg nufPsf], t]Ghf}/sf] . ;d|f6\ czf]sn] agfPsf
lznfn]vdf ;d]t rf]n /fHosf] pNn]v x'g'n] of] /fhj+z O;fk"j{ #)) d} lyof]
eGg] b]lvG5 .
ha of] dlGb/ agfOof], o;leq :yflkt lzjlnª\u clnslt 6]9f] al;lbof] .
To;nfO{ s;} u/L ;f]em\ofpg ;lsPg . To;} eP/ o; dlGb/df k"hf ugf{n] cz'e
x'G5 egL sltko dflg; oxfF k"hf ub}{gg\ .
;b\u'?n] Ps k|jrgdf Ps k|;ª\udf o; dlGb/sf] pNn]v ub}{ eg]sf 5g\ M
æafx\o :j¿kn] x]bf{ t]Ghf}/sf] a[xbLZj/ dlGb/ dfgjLo snfsf}zn, eJotf / Ifdtfsf]
cg'kd pbfx/0f xf] . t/ o;sf] cfTdfdf ;d:of 5 . leq h'g lzjlnª\u 5, To;df
OlGhlgol/ª km]n vfof] . lzjlnª\u 6]9f] eOlbof] . afx\o :j¿k hlt;'s} snfTds eP
klg, hlt;'s} 7"nf] eP klg, hlt;'s} dxfg\ eP klg o;sf] cfTdfdf q'l6 eOlbof]
.=========.Æ
xfdL hfFbf ToxfF k'Ug'sf] pdª\un] xf]nf, To; lzjlnª\usf] 6]9f]kgsf]
af/]df d}n] t e';'Ss} e'n]F5' .
o; dlGb/sf] lgdf{0fdf b]lvPsf] q'l6sf sf/0f dlGb/ k"Ho gePkl5 /fhf
/fhf/fhfsf 5f]/f /fhf /fh]Gb| k|ydn] uª\ufO{sf]G8f, rf]nfk'/d\df o:t} csf]{
lzjdlGb/ agfpg nufP, t/ 5f]/frflxFn] agfPsf] dlGb/ lgs} ;fgf] 5 . bf];|f] dlGb/
agfO{ ptf k"hfcfhf u/]kl5 o; dlGb/df k"hfcfhf ugf{n] kg]{ clgi6 x6]/
uPsf] 5 eGg] ljZjf;n] cfh dflg; 7"n} ;ª\Vofdf oxfFsf] dlGb/df bz{gfy{
cfpF5g\ .
v= t]Ghf}/ d/f7f Kofn]; / /f]on Kofn]; Do'lhod .
t]Ghf}/sf] d/f7f Kofn]; ;'?df t]Ghf}/sf gfosf zf;sx¿n] lgdf{0f u/fPsf
x'g\, d/f7fx¿n] t kl5 cfP/ cfkm"nfO{ cg's"n x'g] u/L ;fdfGo
kl/jt{gdfq u/]sf x'g\ . t]Ghf}/ d/f7fx¿n] oxfF ;g\ !^^$ b]lv !*%$ ;Dd zf;g u/]
. ltgLx¿sf] ;dodf of] b/af/ zf;sx¿sf] cf}krfl/s lgjf; lyof] . cfh klg of] b/af/
pg}sf ;Gtlt ef]F;n] kl/jf/sf] :jfldTjdf 5 . ;g\ !&(( df la|l6; O:6 OlG8of
sDkgLn] w]/}h;f] t]Ghf}/ d/f7f clw/fHonfO{ cfkm\gf] e"efudf ufEof], t/ klg
t]Ghf}/ d/f7f /fhfx¿n] b/af/, jl/kl/sf lsNnf cflb e"efu cfkm\gf] cwLgd}
/fv] . t]Ghf}/sf clGtd /fhf lzjfhL lyP . pgLkl5 klg pgsf ;Gtltn] o; b/af/sf]
:jfldTj lnO/x]s} 5g\ .
b/af/ kl/;/df ;b/ b/af/, dxf/fgLsf] xj]nL tyf ;efsIf 5g\ . t]Ghf}/
b/af/ Do'lhod vf;u/L rf]n ;fd|fHosf sf:o wft'sf ;fdu|L, d"lt{ cflbsf]
ljz]if ;ª\u|x xf] . oxfF Pp6f ;fgf] 306f3/ klg 5 . b/af/leq} rGb|df}nLZj/ dlGb/
klg 5 .
o'6\o'adf lbOPsf] Ps lel8of]sf cg';f/ t]Ghf}/df e|d0fof]Uo b; :yfgx¿
o;k|sf/ 5g\–
!= a[xbLZj/ dlGb/, afnu0fkltgu/ -;x/sf] d'Vo efu,
gx/sf] pQ/k6\l6, /fhb/af/s} k"j{k6\l6_@= lzjuª\uf kfs{, afnu0fkltgu/ #=
:jfdLdnO{ dlGb/, s'Dasf]gd\ -$) lsld k/ 5_ $= /f]on Kofn]; Do'lhod,
/fhs[i0fk'/d\ -;x/leq 5_ %= ;/:jtL dxn nfOa|]/L -/fhb/af/leq_ t]Ghf}/ ^=
lt?jnGr'hL, s'Dasf]gd\ &= dgf]/f kmf]6{, t]Ghf}/ -() lsld_ *= ;ª\uLtdxn,
-lt?lr/fkNnL ;x/df 5, t/ t]Ghf}/df 5 elgPsf] 5_ (= /fdfZjfdL dlGb/, s'Dasf]gd\
!)= tldn o'lgel;{6L Do'lhod, lkNnof/k6\6L, t]Ghf}/ .
@^ cS6f]a/ M t]Ghfj'/ e|d0f, /flq 6«]g
laxfg p7]/ lrofgf:tfkl5 ;f]wLvf]hL ub}{ xfdL k}bn lxF8]/ a[xbLZj/ dlGb/
uof}F . laxfg eP klg clns pv'd lyof] . t}klg dlg{ª jfssf] nf]edf xfdL lxF8]sf
lyof}F . ;x/sf] k'/fgf] v08 x'gfn] uNnL sltko 7fpFdf plt ;kmf lyPg . xfdL k'Ubf
;kmfO sd{rf/L ;8s ;kmf ul//x]sf lyP .
xfdL o; ;x/df cfPsf] lbg ToxfF b;}Fsf] /f}gssf] afFsL6fFsL b]Vg
;lsGYof] . ljhof bzdLsf] lbg oxfFsf] ;fFemsf] emndn crDdnfUbf] lyof] . k|To]s
k;n / 3/ emlsemsfp lyP . xfdL t ;w}F o:t} kf] xf] ls, ef/tLox¿ ltxf/ w'dwfd;Fu
dgfpF5g\, b;}F t logsf] rf8 g} xf]Og, eG7fGb} cl3 a9\of}F . ;x/sf k;ndf dflg;x¿sf]
3'OFrf] crDdnfUbf] lyof] . /ftsf] cf7–gf} ah] klg k;ndf b]lvg] To:tf] 3'OFrf]
gf}nf] eof] xfd|f cfFvfsf nflu . dfOsx¿ alh/x], dflg;x¿ lrRofO/x], aQLx¿ aln/x]
clg ;8sdf uf8Lx¿ s'lb/x] . ;ayf]s ;lqmo, hLjgdo, /ª\uLg / :jflbnf] lyof] .
t/ clnslt klt{/ b;}Fsf] pknIodf cfof]lht ljz]if sfo{qmdsf] af/]df
xfdLnfO{ yfx} ePg . olb yfxf ePsf] eP ylst eP klg xfdL Tof] cj;/ 5'6fpg]
lyPgf}F .
clxn] To; /f}gsn] 5f8]sf bfux¿ dfq afFsL lyP .
xfdL l56} g} Pp6f kfs{h:tf] 7fpFdf k'Uof}F . kfs{ g} xf] /x]5, t/
dflg;sf] Hofbf pkl:yltsf sf/0f kfs{sf] rp/df emf/;Dd pd|g gkfpg] /x]5 . xfdL
cem cl3 a9\b} uof}F . df]afOndf Dofk x]b}{ / lbzf kQf nufpFb} .
a[xbLZj/ dlGb/ b/af/h:tf] ljzfn sDkfpG8 jfnn] 3]l/Psf] 5 . Toltdfq sxfF
xf] /, of] b/af/ / lsNnfsf] jl/kl/ vlgg] ;'/Iff vf8Ln] ;'/lIft ul/Psf] /x]5 .
t/ clxn] To; ;'/Iff vf8Ldf kfgL lyPg .
xfdLn] aflx/}af6 klg s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lvRof}F .
clg xfdL a[xbLZj/ dlGb/leq k:of}F . tLg–rf/j6f ljzfn k|frL/ /
uf]k'/d\n] o;nfO{ ;'/lIft ul/Psf] /x]5 . ;}lgs d'Vofnodf h:tf] oxfFsf kvf{ndf
aGb's / tf]k k8\sfpg] Kjfnx¿ agfOPsf /x]5g\ . p;a]nf l;d]G6 gx'gfn] oxfFsf
ljzfn kTy/x¿df OG6/ns l;:6dn] kvf{n agfOPsf] 5, tf ls tL 9'ª\ufx¿n] lgs}
7"nf] wSsf kbf{ klg cfkm\gf] :yfg g5f]8"g\ .
clg xfdL leq k:of}F . ;a}eGbf leqL k|frL/df ljz]if ;'/Iff Joj:yf /x]5 .
oxfFaf6 cufl8 h'Qf–rKkn nufpg kfOFb}g, h'Qf–rKkn /fVg] 3/df nu]/ /fVg'k5{ . o;}
:yfgdf So'l/of] ;fdfg a]Rg]x¿sf k;n klg 5g\, vfg]kfgL a]Rg] klg 5g\ .
xfdL leq k:of}F . dlGb/leq ljzfn k08fn /x]5 . xfdL t]Ghf}/ cfPsf] ;fFem
o;} :yfgdf ljz]if sfo{qmd lyof] /x]5 . clxn] t];|f] lbgdf s';L{, d~r / ;fh;Hhf
b]Vtf ysysL nfUof] . xfdL klg ;xefuL x'g kfPsf] eP < xfdLn] klg ToxfFsf
dflg;x¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] pkl:ylt 5 eg]/ atfpg kfPsf] eP <
t/ To:tf] s]xL ePg .
xfdL dlGb/leq k:of}F . bz{g kfpg ;xh} /x]5 . eL8ef8 lyPg . Ps}l5gdf
xfd|f] kfnf] cfOxfNof] . lg:sFbf kl08t–k'hf/Lx¿n] lje"lt lbFbf /x]5g\ .
ToxfFsf lzjhLsf] bz{g Psbd kof{Kt ;do kfP/ /Ltk"j{s ug{ kfPsfdf ;Ltf Psbd
v';L eOg\ .
gfd} a[xbLZj/ dlGb/, w]/} 7"nf] 5 . xfdLn] 3'dL3'dL bz{g ug{
kfof}F . ;a}lt/ kmf]6f];d]t lvRg kfof}F . laxfgsf] zLtntfdf /dfOnf] eof] .
To;kl5 xfdL d/f7f b/af/sf] e|d0f ug{ k'Uof}F . a[xbLZj/ dlGb/af6 b/af/
slt klg 6f9f 5}g . t/ otf / ptf ef}Ftfl/P/ xfdL Psbd ylst eO;s]sf lyof}F,
To;dfly t]Ghf}/sf] udL{ / 3fd, egL;fWo 5}g . clg b/af/ hfg c6f] lnP/ uof}F . ljzfn
5 b/af/ . ;a}lt/ 3'dL3'dL x]g{ ldN5 . k':tsfno klg ax'd"No k':tssf] ;ª\u|x
/x]5 . 8s'd]G6/L x]g{ kfOof] . ;'Gb/ 5 k':tsfno . ToxfFsf] Do'lhod klg x]g{
nfos /x]5 . cg]s k|:t/ / wft'sf d"lt{ /x]5g\ . ltgn] blIf0f ef/tLo
d"lt{snf, wft'lzNk, ;+:s[lt / ;DkGgtfnfO{ b;f{pF5g\ .
ToxfF x\j]nsf] cl:yk~h/ ;'/lIft /flvPsf] /x]5 . ;g\ !(%% df tldngf8'sf]
6«fGSj]af/ -cfhsf] b/ª\uda8L_ ;d'b|lsgf/df crfgs e]l6Psf] ;f] x\j]nsf]
cl:yk~h/sf] nDafO (@ lkm6 /x]5 . of] cl:yk~h/ o; ljzfnsfo hLjsf] ;/b/ cfo' rf/
;o jif{ lyof] .
xfdL ljleGg v08x¿df k'Ug ;Sof}F . cnu–cnu v08sf nflu cnu–cnu l6s6
lng'kbf]{ /x]5 . b/af/ Psbd la:ofxf/ nfUof] . st}st} dd{tsfo{ t eO/x]s} b]lvof]
t/ o;sf] xfnt w]/} v/fa eO;s]sf] 5 / /fHon] :jfldTj glnPdf Toqf] P]ltxfl;s dxŒjsf]
b/af/ l56} gi6 x'g]jfnf 5 eGg] dnfO{ nfUof] .
lghL ;DklQ ePsfn] l6s6rflxF clns dxFu} xf] . ;a}lt/ 3'Dg kfOof] t/
xtf/xtf/ eof] . ef]sn] cfn;tfn; k/]kl5 xfdL aflx/ lg:Sof}F . clg c6f] kqm]/
k'gM k'/fgf] a;kfs{ / glhs}sf] xf]6n æ>L cfo{ ejgÆ df k;]/ vfgf vfof}F . d}n]
km];a'sdf n]v]F– æck/fx\gdf t]Ghf}/sf] ;a}eGbf h]7f] xf]6n >L cfo{ejgdf vfgf
vfFb} . of] xf]6n /fh;L :t/sf] / uPsf] ;f7L jif{b]lv lg/Gt/ z'4 zfsfxf/L /xFb}
cfPsf] 5 . t]Ghf}/ hfg'x'g]n] k'/fgf] a; :6]G8af6 kf]:6 clkm;lt/ nfUg'xf]nf .
h;n] klg atfOlbG5 . sDtLdf Ps 5fs oxfF vfgf vfg'xf]nf, dxFuf] ef] eg]/ of]
ljlzi6 cg'ej ;FufNgaf6 gr'Sg'xf]nf .Æ
xf]6n >L cfo{ ejg gfd rn]cg';f/ 7"nf] 5}g . leq k:tf kmlg{r/
klg blIf0f ef/tLo lzNkz}nLsf Psbd k/Dk/fut 5g\ . sd{rf/Lsf] klx/g klg p:t} .
o;sf] dxŒj ;'ljwf of ef}lts t8se8s geP/ k/Dk/f, Oltxf; / blIf0f ef/tLo
;+:s[ltsf] ljz'4 k|:t'lt eP/ xf] . of] ef/tsf 5flgPsf P]ltxfl;s xf]6ndWo] Ps
ePsfn] o;sf] ljz]if dxŒj 5 .
xfdLn] vfglkgkl5 sf]7fdf s]xLa]/ cf/fd u¥of}F . a]n'sf *M#% ah]
lt?lr/fkNnLaf6 6«]g kqmg' lyof], emf]nfemfD6f af]s]/ a}ª\Unf]/ hfgsf nflu
lt?lr/fkNnLlt/ a;df xflGgof}F .
(= a}ª\Unf]/
a}ª\Un'? eGgf;fy tkfO{Fsf] lbdfun] s:tf] lrq agfpF5 < d]/f Ps hgf
ldq 5g\ s0ff{6sdf . c/ljGbhL . pgsf] lrq cfpF5 . 6«flkms hfd, cfO{6L / ;kmf
;x/sf] lrq klg cfpF5 . a}ª\Un'? ;x/sf] lrq c/ljGbhLsf] aofgsf] cfwf/df agfPsf]
x'F . a}ª\Un'?nfO{ l;lnsg EofnL ckm OlG8of elgG5 . ef/tsf w]/}h;f] cfO{6L
sDkgLsf x]8Sjf6{/ oxLF 5g\ . ef/tdf ;a}eGbf a9L cfO{6L PS;k6{ klg oxLF 5g\ .
cfO{6L k9\g] ljBfy©sf] klxnf] /f]hfO klg a}ª\Un'? g} xf] . ef/tsf] x/]s ;ˆ6j]/
OlGhlgo/ a}ª\Un'?d} sfd ug{ ?rfpF5 .
a;f]jf;sf nflu a}ª\Un'? ;x/ ef/tsf ;a}eGbf /f]Hhf 7fpFdWo] Ps xf] elgG5
. ef/tsf ;a}eGbf l56f] al9/x]sf ;x/dWo] of] Ps xf] . ko{6gdf ?lr /fVg]sf nflu
a}ª\Un'?df w]/} P]ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts, cf}Bf]lus, k'/ftflŒjs tyf wfld{s :ynx¿
5g\ . cfw'lgs ;+/rgf, /ËLg kfs{ / au}Frf, P8e]Gr/, kmg, cDo'hd]G6 tyf /flqsfnLg
dgf]/~hgsf nflu klg of] ;x/ pQd 5 .
jif}{el/ oxfFsf] df};d Psbd ;'Gb/ /xG5 . of] e"ld ;d'b|;txaf6 sl/a
()) ld6/sf] pFrfOdf 5 . ctM oxfFsf] xfjfkfgL jif}{el/ !% b]lv @% l8u|L
;]lN;o;sf] aLrdf /xG5 . xfdL g]kfnLsf nflu oxfFsf cfsfz r'Dg] cUnf 3/x¿,
km/flsnf / Jo:t ;8s, ´ndNn pHofnf] / slxNo} kNnf] 5]p gk'lug] ;x/L km}nfj6
cfZro{sf ljifo aG5g\ .
a}ª\Un'?df 3'Dg}kg]{ 7fpFx¿ M
!= a}ª\Un'? Kofn]; M oxfF k'Ug l;lDku' /f]8 d]6«f] :6];gaf6 tLg
lsnf]ld6/ dfq k5{ .
@= nfnjfu af]6flgsn uf8]{g M x}b/ cnLn] !&^) df agfpg nufPsf] of]
af]6flgsn uf8]{g ef/tsf k'/fgf uf8]{gdWo] Ps xf] . o; af]6flgsn uf8]{gnfO{ x}b/
cnLsf 5f]/fn] pgLkl5 lgdf{0f k"/f u/]sf lyP . nfnafu d]6«f] :6];gaf6 #))
ld6/dfq k5{ .
#= jG8nf{ cDo'hd]G6 kfs{ M of] kfs{ ef/tsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] kfs{ xf]
. a}ª\Un'?df of] ;j{lk|o dgf]/~hg s]Gb| klg xf] . oxfFsf] jf6/kfs{ cg'kd 5 .
oxfF /f]n/–sf]:6/ cflb ug{ hfg'k5{ .
$= ljwfg ;f}wf M a}ª\Un'?sf] ljwfg ;'wf oxfFsf ;a}eGbf dxŒjsf
cfsif{0fdWo] Ps xf] . of] ef/tsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] Joj:yflksf ejg xf] . of] 5
;o Ps8df km}lnPsf] 5 . ;]tf] u|]gfO6n] ag]sf] o; ejgsf] cfls{6]Sr/ klg ljlzÓ 5
. o;nfO{ b|lj8Lo / /fh:yfgL ejg lgdf{0fsnfsf] ld>0f u/L agfOPsf] 5 . ljlzÓ
cfls{6]Sr/, zfgbf/ ejgx¿, ejg of]hgf cflbn] o; ejgsf] ul/df pRr 5 . To;} eP/
xf] o;nfO{ blÔ0fL ef/tsf] tfhdxn eg]/ lrlgG5 .
o; ejgsf leqL sÔx¿ klg cToGt eJo 5g\ . ljz]if cg'dlt lnP/ oxfFsf] u|]6
P;]DAnL RofDa/df klg hfg ;lsG5 . o;afx]s x/]s cfOtjf/, /flÓ«o kj{x¿ :jtGqtf
lbj;, u0ftGq lbj;, ljhof bzdL, bLkfjnL cflbdf klg oxfFsf] ´ls´sfp x]g{ hfg'k5{,
Psbd dgdf]xs x'G5 . oxfFsf] nfO6 ;f]sf] b[Zo ;fFRr}sf] dgdf]xs x'G5 .
%= OGgf]e]l6e lkmNd l;6L M x}b/fafbsf] /fdf]; lkmNd l;6Lh:t} xf] . of]
ef/tsf ;a}eGbf /fd|f dgf]/~hg kfs{dWo] Ps xf] . d'DaO{sf] lkmNd l;6LeGbf of]
clns leGg vfnsf] 5 . of] ax'p2]ZoLo kfs{ klg xf] . oxfF x/]s pd]/;d"xsf
dflg;sf nflu dgf]/~hg ultljlwx¿ pknAw 5g\ . PS;fOl6ª /fO8, jf6/ kfs{, 8fOgf];/
kfs{, ld// u]h, xfpG6]8 dfG;g, 6«fOan Do'lhod, sf6'{g kfs{, lau af];, :ofG8
lar, cfSjf lsª8d cflb cg]s yf]s 5g\ . oxfF skf]{/]6 ldl6ª, lalhg]; ldl6ª,
lk|–j]l8ª ;'6sf nflu klg xn a's ug{ ;lsG5 . oxfF Ps k"/f lbg latfpg' pQd
x'G5 . ;Dk"0f{ dgf]/~hgfTds lj|mofsnfk ug{ kfOof] eg] of] hLjgdf slxNo}
la;{g g;lsg] lbg aGg]5 . o;df k|j]z z'Ns k|ltJolÏ ? ^)) kb{5 . oxfF hfg s]gu]/L
d]6«f] :6];gdf k'Ug'k5{ / ToxfFaf6 aLPd6L;L cflb a; kqm]/ hfg'k5{ .
^= ag]/3§f /fli6«o lgs'~h M !(&! df !)$ ju{lsld Ô]qdf km}lnPsf] of]
/flÓ«o lgs'~h a}ª\Un'?sf nflu dfq xf]Og s0ff{6s / ;d:t blÔ0f ef/tsf nflu uj{sf]
ljifo xf] . oxfF cg]s lsl;dsf jGohGt', kG5L, sL/f / j[Ô–jg:klt b]Vg ;lsG5 .
ef/tsf] klxnf] k'tnL kfs{ klg oxLF 5 . o;afx]s oxfF cSjfl/od, lrl8ofvfgf,
afnf]Bfg, uf]xL kfs{, ;k{ kfs{ / k|fu}ltxfl;s hGt' kfs{;d]t 5 . of] kfs{ hËn
;kmf/Ldf ofqf ug'{k5{ . v'nf k}bn lxF8]/ kf/ nfUg] 5}g, c;'/lÔt klg 5 .
&= O:sf]g dlGb/ M ef/tsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] >Ls[i0fdlGb/sf]
bz{g ug]{ xf] eg] oxfF hfg}k5{ . O:sf]g dlGb/sf] ;/;kmfO, cfls{6]Sr/, k|fljlws
;+of]hg tyf ;'Joj:yfsf] d}n] rrf{ ul//xg'kb}{g . !((& df ag]sf] a}ª\Un'?sf]
of] O:sf]g dlGb/ ef/tel/sf] w]/} dxŒjsf] dlGb/ xf] . of] cfw'lgstf / k/Dk/fnfO{
hf]8]/ agfOPsf] 5 . O:sf]g dlGb/df x'g] ehgsLt{g, k|jrg cflbdf ;xefuL x'g s'g}
z'Ns nfUb}g . oxfF >Ls[i0fsf] k|;fb klg lgMz'Ns k|fKt x'g]5 .
*= sag kfs{ M a}ª\Un'? Ps xl/ofnLk"0f{ ;x/ xf] . oxfF kof{Kt jiff{
x'G5 . ctM k|s[ltn] g} oxfFsf] xl/ofnL Joj:yfkgdf d'Vo e"ldsf v]N5 .
7"nf], eL8ef8o'Qm ;x/ eP klg oxfF w]/}j6f kfs{, uf8]{g / ;fgf;fgf jgx¿
b]Vg kfOG5 . sag kfs{ #)) Ps8df km}lnPsf] 7"nf] kfs{ xf] . eJo 5 .
k|s[ltk|]dLsf nflu of] 7fpF Psbd ;'xfpFbf] 5 . oxfF k|fs[lts ;'Gb/tfdfq xf]Og,
ko{6ssf] dgf]/~hgsf nflu cg]s cfsif{0fx¿ agfOPsf 5g\ M c6f/f sr]/L, uag kfs{
Do'lhod, z]/ hxf/L P]o/ g];gn kfs{, a}ª\Un'? cSjfl/od .
(= :gf] l;6L M a}ª\Un'?df lxpFdo ;x/ . cgf}7f] ePg / < t/ ;To xf] .
oxfF z"GoeGbf sd tfkj|mddf lxpFdf v]Ng] cj;/ ldNg]5 . tkfO{F ud©df
hfg'x'g] xf] eg] klg o;f] Hofs]6 cflb lnP/ hfg'knf{ eg]/ g;f]Rg'xf]nf . df]hf /
kGhf klg ToxLF kfOg]5, lrGtf 5}g . oxfF gfOg–8L cyf{t\ gf} cfofdo'Qm lkmNd klg x]g'{xf]nf
. dhf cfpg]5 . xf] .
!)= uf]xgtf/f s]e l/hf]6{ M of] ef/tel/sf] klxnf] cG8/u|fpG8 u'kmf
l/hf]6{ xf] . ldq tyf kl/jf/hgsf ;fydf hfg' Psbd pko'Qm 5 oxfF . oxfF k'/fgf]
hdfgfsf u[xlgdf{0fsnf, OG8f]/ / cfp68f]/ v]nx¿, x;{/fOl8ª tyf /s jflsª tyf af]l6ªh:tf
cg]s dgf]/~hgfTds ultljlwx¿ 5g\ .
!!= l6k' ;'Ntfgsf] ;d/ Kofn]; M of] b/af/ OG8f] O:nflds cfls{6]Sr/sf]
gd'gf xf] of] . o;nfO{ l6k' ;'Ntfgn] cnu gfd lbPsf lyP . oxfF hfg dfu8L /f]8df
d]6«f]af6 cf]n{g'k5{ . d]6«f] :6];gaf6 kfFr lsnf]ld6/ k5{ .
!@= gGbL kxf8 M a}ª\Unf]/ ;x/af6 nueu ^) lsld k5{ . ;"of]{bo x]g{ hfG5g\
. oxfF hfg s'g} ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwg kfOFb}g . cfˆg} lghL ;jf/L ;fwg lnP/ uOG5 .
!#= a}ª\Un'/ kmf]6{ M of] lsNnf !%#& df df6fsf] lsNnfsf] ¿kdf agfpg
yflnPsf] xf] . kl5 x}b/ cnLn] sAhfdf lnPkl5 o;nfO{ df6fsf] lsNnfaf6 :j¿k abn]/
9'Ëfsf] lsNnf agfP . dfu8L /f]8 d]6«f] :6];gaf6 #=% lslddfq 5 of] :yfg .
!$= xn;'? n]s M xn;'? n]s a}ª\Unf]/sf 7"nf tfndWo] Ps xf] . of]
tfn ;x/sf] k"j© v08df 5 . o;df cg]s 6fk' 5g\ . of] PdhL /f]8af6 glhs} 5 .
xn;'? d]6«f] :6];g b'O{ lsnf]ld6/ k/ 5 .
P;cf/Pd a;n] 3'dfOlbg] kfFr :yfg M ? $)) .– -ko{6s ufO8;d]t o;}leq
pknAw 5 ._ dnfO{ of] ljsNk dg k¥of] .
!= O:sg 6]Dkn M
/fwfs[i0f dlGb/ M dlGb/nfO{ tLg efudf afFl8Psf] 5 .
s= k|ãfb g/l;+x eujfg\ v= >Llgjf; uf]ljGbd\ u= /fwfs[i0f dlGb/ -d'Vo
oxL xf]_ oxfF kmf]6f] lvFRgaf6 ar]sf] /fd|f], z'Ns Hofbf 5 .
@= l6k' ;'Ntfg Kofn]; M of] sf7af6 ag]sf] 5 . l6s sf7 . oL sf7x¿ ejg
lgdf{0fdf k|of]u ug'{cl3 nfdf] ;do;Dd sfj]/L gbLsf] kfgLdf 8'afOof] tf ls kl5
sL/f gnfuf];\ . o; dxndf hDdf rf/ sf]7f 5g\ . ca of] Do'lhodsf] ¿kdf 5 . k|j]z
ugf{;fy /fhf a:g] l;+xf;g b]lvg]5 . ;fob oxfF /fhf l6k' ;'Ntfgsf] ef/bf/L a}7s
x'Fbf] xf] . of] ejg k"/f sf7sf] dfq ag]sf] eP klg cfh;Dd o;df wld/f
k;]sf] 5}g, s'g} sf7 klg dsfPsf] 5}g . dxnsf] dflyNnf] tnfdf sf7sf] leqdf
/FufOPsf] k]lG6ª / s'FlbPsf cfs[lt cfh klg oyfjt\ 5g\ . oxfF vfFafdfq xf]Og
e'OF, l;lnª / leQf klg sf7}sf 5g\ .
#= l;Ns sk8f pBf]usf] ;f]–?d .
$= nfnjfu af]6flgsn uf8]{g M df]:6 cfOsf]lgs 6'l/:6 8]l:6g];g .
k|s[ltk|]dLn] t oxfF h;/L klg cfpmg\ t/ lbpF;f] cfpg' bzf x'G5 . Psbd lgb{oL
ud© x'g]5 lbpF;f] . oxfF a}Í :6fG8, Unf; xfp; cflb x]g{}kg{] :yfg x'g\ .
%= lau a'n dlGb/ M gGbLhLsf] dlGb/ .
^= 8f]8\8f u0fklt dlGb/ .
&= ljZj]Zj/}of cf}Bf]lus Pjd\ k|f}Bf]lus ;ª\u|xfno .
@& cS6f]a/ z'qmjf/, xf]6n
;Gdfg, a}ª\Unf]/
xfdL sflt{s !) ut] z'qmjf/ laxfg ;f9] 5 ah] s]gu]/Ldf cf]n{g'kg{]df
l;6L :6];gdf cf]ln{of}F . oxfFaf6 s]P;cf/ ;]G6«n /]nj] :6];g glhs} kbf{] /x]5 .
s]P;cf/df cfO{ xfdLn] cfkm\gf kf]sf k'Gt'/f ;a} ns/df /fVof}F . l/Qf]–xNsfkm'Nsf
eO{ 3'dlkm/ ug{ ;lhnf] kg{] x'G5 . csf{] s'/f, lbge/ 3'd]kl5 sxfF a:g' pko'St
x'G5, To;sf] klg hfgsf/L ldNg ;S5 . clg xfdL ;]G6«n a; :6]G8lt/ nfUof}F .
xfdLn] cfh lbge/ 3'Dg] / a]n'sflt/ sf]7f vf]Hg] ljrf/ u/]sf lyof}F .
xfdL dh]l:6sdf k'Uof}F / lbge/sf nflu ;x/sf] ko{6g ug{ s]s;f] ug{ ;lsG5
k|oTgzLn eof}F . a}ª\unf]/ d]6«f]kf]ln6g 6«fG;kf]6{ skf{]/];gåf/f ;~rflnt
a}ª\un'? blz{gL ko{6s a;df r9\g] eof}F . laxfgsf] vfhf vfP/ xfdL gf} ah] a;df
hfg tof/ eof}F . dxfgu/kflnsfåf/f ko{6ssf nflu Joj:yf ul/Psf] a;df ko{6g
ufO8;d]t x'G5g\ . a}ª\unf]/sf] af/]df s]xL yfxf gx'g]x¿sf nflu of] ;jf{]Qd
ljsNk xf] ;x/ 3'Dg] . o;n] ljleGg 7fpFx¿df k'¥ofO{ dflg;x¿nfO{ 5f]6} eP klg ;f]
:yfgsf] af/]df lrgf/L lbg] ePsfn] ;lhnf] klg 5 .
;j{k|yd xfdLnfO{ pSt a;n] O:sg dlGb/ k'¥ofof] .
æoxfF tkfO{Fx¿sf nflu k}FtL; ldg]6sf] ;do . l9nf] u/]df a; cl3 a9\g]5 .
kl5 5'6\of] eg]/ u'gf;f] gug'{xf]nf . 38L x]/]/ rNg'xf]nf . xfdL kfFr ldg]6clu
tkfO{Fx¿nfO{ kmf]g u/L ;fjwfg u/fpg]5f}F . t'?Gt cfOk'Ug'xf]nf .Æ ufO8n] nueu r]tfjgLsf]
efiffdf o;f] eGof] .
a; cl8of] . xfdL xtf/–xtf/ xfd kmfNof}F . dlGb/ cUnf] 7fpFdf ag]sf]
x'gfn] :ofF:ofF / km\ofFkm\ofF ub{} psfnf] bf}l8of}F . Ps hgf j[4 dflg; klg
xfd|f] x"ndf ldl;P .
pgn] eg]– æd tkfO{Fx¿nfO{ ;a 3'dfOlbG5' . lkmqmL lng'kb{}g .Æ
t/ pgL lgs} sdhf]/ x'gfn] km6fkm6 lxF8\g ;s]gg\ . s]xL dflg; pgnfO{
5f8]/ cl3 a9] . xfdLn] rflxF pgsf] egfOdf ljZjf; u/]/ pg};Fu hfg] lgwf] u¥of}F
.
xf] /x]5 . pgL ToxfFsf rNtfk'hf{ dflg; /x]5g\ . pgn] 5f]6f] af6f] u/]/
nfOg nfUg'kg{] kl/l:yltaf6 arfO{ dfly nluxfn] . pgL To; dlGb/sf ;+:yfksdWo] Ps
/x]5g\ . xfdL g]kfnL ko{6s eg]kl5 pgn] k}FtL; ldg]6df s]xL b]Vg gkfpg] a'em]/
d2t ug{ vf]h]sf /x]5g\ .
ptf dflg;x¿ nfOgdf lyP . xfdLrflxF ;/f;/ d'Vo dlGb/;Dd k'Ug kfOxfNof}F
. bz{g 7Ls;Fu ug{ kfOxfNof}F . Ps}l5gdf Tolt dxŒjsf] dlGb/sf] bz{g ;Dej ePsfdf
xfdL cf}lw v';L eof}F .
clg aflx/ lg:s]/ ltgL;Fu kmf]6f] lvFRof}F .
clg bf}8]/ a;df cfof}F . olt ubf{ klg emGg} l9nf] eof}F xfdL . tL
dflg;;Fu e]6 gePsf] eP bz{g ;Dej g} lyPg . k}FtL; ldg]6df dlGb/sf] aflx/L v08
o;f] Ps b[li6 lbP/ bf}l8g'kg{] lyof] .
o;kl5 pSt 6'l/:6 a;n] xfdLnfO{ bf}8fP/ ljwfg ;f}wf k'¥ofof] .
æoxL xf] ljwfg ;f}wf .Æ 6'/ ufO8 s/fof] .
æleq hfg ldNb}g <Æ d}n] eg]F .
ældNb}g . kfFr ldg]6 dfq tkfO{Fx¿sf] ;do . o;f] kmf]6f] lvRg'xf]nf .Æ
p;n] eGof] .
xtf/xtf/ s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lnof}F . o; ejgsf] lemlnldnL x]g{ a]n'sf
cfpg'k5{ . oxfFsf] OlGhlgol/ª / snfs[lt x]g{ k"/f ;do lnP/ cfpg'k5{ .
ejgleq k|j]z kfpg t ljz]if kf; geO{ x'Fb}g . t/ kfFr ldg]6df o;f] kmf]6f]
lvFr]/ pl8xfNg' s'g} ko{6g xf]Og .
clns cufl8 k'u]kl5 s]g/f a}ª\ssf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no b]lvof] . d}n] a;af6}
/fd|/L x]/]F . ef/tsf] k|l;4 pSt a}ª\ssf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no Psbd eJo /x]5 . a;
6«flkms nfO6df /f]lsPsf] a]nf d}n] ;a}lt/ /fd|/L gh/ bf}8fPF, s]xL kmf]6f] klg
lvr]F .
clg t'?Gt l6k" ;'Ntfgsf] ;d/ Kofn];cufl8 k'luof] . Kofn];
k'Ug'cufj} xfd|f] 6'/ ufO8n] eg]sf] lyof]– æoxfF cfwf 306f . Hofbf ;do nufpg
ldNb}g . a; oxfF /f]Sg ldNb}g . tkfO{Fx¿ ;dod} lg:sg'xf]nf . xfdL Psl5gsf nflu
a; clns k/ nu]/ /f]Sg]5f}F / ;do ePkl5 oxfF cfpg]5f}F . xfdLn] oxfF tkfO{Fx¿nfO{
cf]/fNg / r9fpg dfq ;do kfOG5, ;ts{ /xg'xf]nf lg .Æ
ko{6g a;sf ofq' x'gfn] k|j]z l6s6 ;xh} t'?Gt} ldNof] . xfd|f] 6'/
ufO8n] ;a}sf nflu t'?Gt l6s6 lnOxfNof] . xfdL ;d/ Kofn];leq k:of}F . ;a}lt/
3'dL3'dL kmf]6f] lvRof}F . ;fFRr} g} eJo, snfTds / ;'Gb/ /x]5 of] b/af/ . b/af/
elg;s]kl5 xfdL Psbd 7"nf] ejgsf] sNkgf u5f{}F, of] Tolt 7"nf] t xf]Og
t/ l6ssf] sf7af6 dfq ag]sf] of] b/af/ rrf{ ug{ / ko{6g ug{ of]Uo 5 . ljZje/af6
cfPsf ko{6sx¿ o; ejgsf] ¿kfs[lt Pjd\ ejg lgdf{0f snf x]g{ / o;sf] Oltxf; hfGg
nfnflot /xG5g\ .
o;kl5 xfdLnfO{ a;n] 8f]8\8f u0fklt dlGb/ / ljzfn gGbL cyf{t\ lau a'ndf
k'¥ofof] . glhs}sf] ulj uª\ufw/]Zj/, uf]jw{g If]q / >Luf];fO{F dxf;+:yfg
d7df klg k:of}F xfdL . ;a}lt/ 3'dL3'dL kmf]6f] klg lnof}F . bQfq]o dlGb/ /
>L ceonIdLg/l;+x dlGb/rflxF k'Ug ;do g} k'u]g .
clg xtf/xtf/ a;df k:of}F .
a;n] t'?Gt} nfnjfu k'¥ofof] . u]6df cf]n{gf;fy 6'/ ufO8n] ;a}sf nflu
l6s6 lslglbof] / eGof]– æhDdf Ps 306f dfq ;do kfpg'x'g]5 . leq Aof6/Ln] rNg]
sf/ / l/S;f 5g\ . l/S;fn] k|ltJolSt ;o ?lkofF / sf/n] b'O{ ;o ?lkofF lng]5g\ .
l/S;fn] ;a}lt/ 3'dfOlbOxfN5 / ;dod} kmsf{pF5 klg . nf} uOxfNgf];\ .Æ
ælxF8]/} ;alt/ 3'd] s;f] xf]nf <Æ d}n] eg]F .
æof] nfnjfu xf] . k}bn lxF8\g] xf] eg] k"/f lbg nfUnf . kf/ nfUb}g
.Æ p;n] xfF:t} eGof] .
xfdL leq kl;xfNof}F . Aof6/Ljfnf l/S;f;Fu df]ndf]nfO ug{ vf]h]sf] t
ltgLx¿ l/;fP . aNnaNn s]xLa]/sf] unkmtLkl5 Pp6f tof/ eof] . Ps ?lkofF 5'6 ldn]g
. a]sf/df ;do uof], ljjfb eof] .
l6k" ;'Ntfgsf] ;d/ Kofn];, uljuª\ufw/]Zj/, lau a'n, 8f]8\8f u0fklt
dlGb/ / of] nfnjfu glhs–glhs} x'g\, k}bn ofqfsf] b"/Lsf . t/ o;sf nflu
k"/f Ps lbg 5'6\6\ofpg}kg{] x'G5 . xfdL nfnjfusf s'gfsfgL k'Ug kfof}F . Ps
7fpFdf PrPd6Lsf] 38L /x]5 . e'OFdf km"naf/Lsf aLr nfdf g nfdf sfF6f ePsf]
Tof] 38L PrPd6L -lxGb':tfg dl;g 6'N;_ sDkgLn] rfnL; jif{hlt cl3 agfP/ pknAw
u/fPsf] /x]5 . o;nfO{ km\nf]/n Sns elgG5 . glhs} x\jfO6 l;Ns s6g 6«L, lxla:s;
uf8{]g, Unf; xfp;, nfnjfu kmfpG6]g cflb /x]5g\ . oxfFsf] nfnjfu tnfp lgs} cUnf]
l9:sfsf aLr 5, a8f] ;'Gb/ / cfsif{s 5 of] klg . xfdL To;sf] blIf0fL v08lt/
rflxF uPgf}F, / Totf s]s] 5 eGg] yfxf klg ePg .
;g8fon kfs{ / kIfL cjnf]sg u[x, u'nfkm kfs{, SofS6; xfp;, af]G;fO{
uf8{]g, hfkfgL uf8{]g cflb klg x]g{ nfos /x]5g\ . d]/f] dg d"nåf/g]/sf]
ljzfn kTy/df /dfof] . tLgrf/ la3f If]qkmnsf] ljzfn 9'ª\uf] 5 / clns cUnf] v08df
u0f]zsf] Pp6f ;fgf]–;fgf] dlGb/ 5 . Tof] km/flsnf] 9'ª\ufdf d lgs}a]/ otf / ptf
bf}8]F, afnsx¿sf em}F . cf]n{g] 7fpFdf 9'ª\uf] sk]/ l;F9L agfOPsf] 5 . of]
l;F9L lgs} nfdf] 5 .
;Ltfsf] dgrflxF Tof] ljzfn Unf; xfp;df /dfof] . ToxfF klg lgs}j6f
kmf]6f] lvRof}F . /dfof}F klg .
ca a; xfdLnfO{ lnP/ s0ff{6s l;Ns ODkf]l/oddf lnP/ uof] . of] /]zdL sk8f
pBf]usf] ;f]?d xf] . oxfF xfdLn] s]xL ;fgfltgf pkxf/sf cfO6d lsGof}F . o; ;f]?ddf
/]zdL sk8fsf ;f/Lx¿ lsGg] ubf{ /x]5g\ ko{6sx¿n] . t/ xfdL cem} w]/} lbg 3'Dg
afFsL ePsfn] oxfFaf6 af]sLaf]sL ;+;f/ 3'dfP/ 3/ nUg tof/ lyPgf}F, sk8frflxF
lsg]gf}F . ;Ltfn] cfdfsf nflu ;'gsf] hnk nufPsf r'/f / c¿ s]xL ;fdfg lslgg\,
dnfO{ nfU5 pgn] pkxf/ lbgsf nflu sfgdf nufOg] s]xL hf]/ 6k lslgg\ .
ca a; ljZj]Zj/}of cf}Bf]lus Pjd\ k|f}Bf]lus ;ª\u|xfnodf cl8of] . oxfF
xfd|f nflu 8]9 306f ;do ldNof] . clg xfdL j}ª\s6Kkf cf6{ Uofn/Ldf k'Uof}F .
To;df xfd|f nflu nueu cfwf 306f ;do lbOof] . a]n'sf cf6{ Uofn/L aGb x'g nfu]sf]
lyof] . xtf/xtf/ ToxfFsf d"lt{ v08 / cfw'lgs lrqsnf v08df k:of}F . d
cfw'lgs lrqsnf sd a'em\g] ePsfn] ToxfFsf lrqsf af/]df eGg ;lStgF .
a}ª\Unf]/df aL;f}F cf6{ Uofn/L 5g\ . ltgLx¿dWo] s0ff{6s lrqsnf kl/ifb\,
j}ª\s6Kkf cf6{ Uofn/L, kLknj[If cf6{ Uofn/L, Do'lhod ckm cf6{ PG8 kmf]6f]u|fkmL,
g];gn Uofn/L ckm df]8g{ cf6{ cflb ljZjrlr{t 5g\ . logLx¿sf] gfd w]/} g]kfnLn]
;'g]s} x'G5g\ . ;]8\; lqmPl6e Uofn/L, OlG8og Do'lhs OS:k]l/PG; Do'lhod, j/b]
Sofgef; cf6{ Uofn/L, Hof]u|flkmsn OlG8s];G;, ueg{d]G6 Do'lhod klg ef/tdf w]/}
rlr{t x'G5g\ / snfk|]dL g]kfnLn] klg logLx¿sf] af/]df w]/yf]/ hfg]s} x'G5g\ .
;AnfOd Uofnl/of, lqmDhg cf6{ Uofn/L, dx'cf cf6{ Uofn/L, Uofn/L ;'d'v,
Uofn/L hL, zflGt /f]8 Uofn/L, /ª\uf]nL d]6«f] cf6{ ;]G6/, cf6{ Sofkm], Uofnl/:s],
OlG8og OlG:6Ro'6 ckm sf6'{lg:6\;, h]g]l;; cf6{ Uofn/L, Uofn/L 6fOd PG8 :k];,
/]gf;fF Uofn/L, lslGsgL Uofn/L, cA:6«fS6 cf6{ Uofn/L, Uofn/L dgf]/f, nfOkm cg
jfn cflb cg]s cf6{ Uofn/L k"0f{ Ifdtfsf ;fy sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ eg] c¿ cg]s
;fgf–7"nf] snfu[xx¿ klg 5g\ . logLx¿sf] rrf{ xfd|flt/ sd} x'G5 . o;f]
x'gfn] j}ª\s6Kkf cf6{ Uofn/Ldf k;]/ otfptf x]g'{afx]s xfdL s] ug{ ;SYof}F /
< 3'ldof], lgl:sOof], a; rl9of] / d]h]:6L kms{]/ cfOof] .
s'/f s] eg] o;/L 6'l/:6 a;df hfgfn] Ps} lbgdf lgs} KjfOG6df k'Ug kfOg]
/x]5 . d}n] b'O{ lbg nufP/ 3'd"Fnf eg]/ of]hgf agfPsf] 7fpF t Ps} lbgdf
3'ld;lsxflnof] . 6'/ ufO8n] ;a} 7fpFsf] af/]df 7Ls;Fu atfof] . x}b/fafb, aDaO{,
lbNnL / snsQfsf ko{6sx¿;Fu ldl;P/ 3'Dg kfOof] . oL lx;fan] Kofs]h 6'/df hfg'
7Ls 5 . cfkm}F hfg ghfGg], g;Sg] / 5f]6f] ;dodf w]/}eGbf w]/} nIodf
k'luxfNg'kg{]n] Kofs]h 6'/df hfg] xf] . cfkm}F oltsf 7fpF 3'Dg] xf] eg] slt xf]
slt emGem6, x}/fgL / ;do vr{ x'G5 .
t/ dh:tfsf nflu o:tf] 6'/ emGg} lg/y{s nfUof] . emnSs x]/]/ s] x'G5 eG5''
d . pbfx/0fsf nflu eG5', 3'ld/x]sf] kª\vf xfdL lsg b]Vt}gf}F < lsgeg] s'g}
klg j:t'sf] lrq xfd|f] lbdfudf aGg s]xL ;do nfU5 . b]Vgf;fy lrq aGg] eP
3'ld/x]sf] kª\vfsf An]8x¿ :ki6 b]lvg] lyP . pSt j:t'af6 k|sfz cfO{ xfd|f]
cfFvfsf] kbf{df lrq aGg'cufl8 g} pSt j:t'n] :yfg abNof] eg] :ki6 lrq aGg}
kfpFb}g . o;}u/L x'?? bf}8]/ xfdL O:sf]g dlGb/ k'Uof}F . kmf]6f] lvRg dfq
k'luof] egf}F . o:t} ult eof] l;Ns pBf]u, l6k" ;'Ntfg, lau a'n, 8f]8\8f
u0fklt, ljwfg ;f}wf cflb :yfgdf . d}n] hfg'cl3 lj:t[t cWoog u/]sf] lyPF,
w]/}j6f lel8of]x¿ x]/]sf] lyPF, t/ klg x]/fO cw'/f]–ck'/f] nfUof] eg] h;n]
o;cl3 oL :yfgsf af/]df sd} hfgsf/L kfPsf] lyof], p;sf] lbdfudf tL :yfgsf]
af/]df lrq g} aGg kfPg .
æo;/L Kofs]h 6'/df hfg gx'g] /x]5 xlu < sxfF dhfn] b]Vg kfOof] /
<Æ d}n] o'j/fh bfh'nfO{ eg]F .
æslt xf] slt 7fpF k'¥ofof] . lemlnsldlns b]lvof], TolQ . a? lbge/ Pp6f
:yfg 7Ls;Fu 3'd]sf] eP kf] .Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
x'g t To;/L x/]s :yfgsf nflu lbge/ 5'6\6\ofpg sxfF ;Dej x'G5 / < t}
klg Kofs]h 6'/df hfg gf} ah];Dd d]h]:6Ldf kv{g'eGbf a? ;ft} ah] ptf O:sg 6]Dkn
uPsf] eP b'O{ tLg 306f ToxfF /xg kfOg] lyof] . ljwfg ;f}wfdf leq hfg gkfP klg
aflx/ w]/}a]/ a:g kfOg] lyof] . l6k" ;'Ntfgsf] ;d/ dxndf c¿ cfwf 306fdfq
a:g kfPsf] eP w]/} cfgGb x'g] lyof] . cflQFb} bf}l8g'kg{] t lyPg .
;Ltf nfnjfu af]6flgsn uf8{]gsf nflu Ps 306f ;do lbOPsf] 5 eGg] ;'Gbf
v';L ePsL lyOg\ . t/ ha leq k:of}F, o;sf nflu sDtLdf rf/ 306f t 5'6\6\ofpg}kg{]
b]lvof] . o;f] /dfP/ km"nsf xfFuf klg x]g{ gkfOg] ofqf s]sf] ofqf <
x'?? bf}8]/ p8gt:t/Lh:tf] ug{] xf] eg] t sGofs'df/L k'u]/ cfpg b;–afx| lbgdfq
kof{Kt x'g] lyof], aQL; lbg lsg a/flng'kYof{] / <
;f9] 5 ah] xfdLnfO{ a;n] xl:k6n /f]8sf] s'g} s'gfdf 5f8\of] . cFWof/f]
lyof] . d}n] eg]F– æxfdLnfO{ dh]l:6s g} k'¥ofpg] xf]Og / <Æ
æxf] . oxfFaf6 Psbd} glhs k5{ . k}bn} hfg'xf];\, k'luxfNg'x'G5 . ot}ot}
.Æ p;n] xftn] O;f/f u/]/ b]vfof] .
t/ Psbd} glhs t lsg kYof{] / < clnslt lxF8\g'kl/xfNof] . clnslt klg
s] eGg', cfwf 306f lxFl8of] clg aNn k'luof] .
xfdL;Fu hfg] Ps hgf dflg;n] jf; a:gsf nflu dh]l:6sd} 7Ls x'G5 eg]sfn]
ToxLF sf]7f vf]Hof}F . kfOof] klg . xf]6]n ;Gdfg . /fd|f] / ;'ljwfhgs 7fpFsf]
xf]6n x'gfn] xfdLn] oxL xf]6n /f]Hof}F . clg emf]nfem\ofD6f lng /]nj] :6];g
uof}F . kms{]/ cfO{ vfgf vfP/ sf]7fleq k:tf ;f9] gf} of b; ah]sf] lyof] xf]nf .
@* cS6f]a/ zlgjf/ .
laxfg ;a]/} xfdL lg:sg rfx\of}F .
æhfcf}F, o;f] dlg{ª jfs .Æ d}n] ;LtfnfO{ eg]F .
æef] . ghfg] . yflsof 5 .Æ pgn] elgg\ .
æhfcf}F g hfcf}F .Æ d}n] clnslt l9kL ug{ vf]h]F .
æghfg] . xh'/ hfg] eP hfg" .Æ pgn] c:jLsf/ ul/g\ .
d bfh'efph"sf] sf]7fsf] 9f]sf 9S9Sofpg k'u]F . bfh' / efph"
cf/fd;Fu al;/xg'ePsf] /x]5 .
ælrof vfg hfg] xf] <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
æxfdL t clu g} tn cf]n{]/ otfptf dlg{ª jfs u/Lcf]/L lrof klg vfO;s]/
cfPsf .Æ d]g'sf efph"n] eGg'eof] . d t laxfg p7\g cN5L ug{] dfG5], s] eGg]
/ ca .
ælrof vfg hfg] <Æ bfh'n] ;f]Wg'eof] .
æxh'/ . ca gf} ah];Dd olQs} s] a:g] < cfhsf] of]hgfcg';f/ oxfFaf6
gf} ah] dfq lxF8] x'G5 .Æ
æTo;f] eP hfcf}F g t o;f] ;x/ rSs/ nufP/ cfcf}F . efOn] lrof vfg] eP
pt} vfP eOxfN5, clg ;Ltf vf]O t <Æ efph"nfO{ ‘hfcf}F’ sf] O;f/f
ul/;s]kl5 bfh'n] dnfO{ eGg'eof] .
æpgL ghfg] c/] . yfs]sL 5g\ .Æ d}n] eg]F .
xfdL t'?Gt lgl:sxfNof}F . pxfFx¿ lnkm\6af6 cf]n{g'eof], d}n] rflxF
l;F9Laf6 cf]n{g rfx]F . xfd|f] jf; rf}yf] tnfdf lyof] .
laxfg x'gfn] ;8s v'nf lyof] . xfdL km6fkm6 blIf0ftkm{ lxF8\g yfNof}F .
a]n'sf b; ah];Dd dflg;sf] eL8n] lxF8\g} g;lsg] 7fpF clxn] laxfg ;f9] 5 ah]lt/
Psbd v'nf / vfnL lyof] . a]n'sf ahf/ nfu]sf] 7fpFdf htftt} sfuh, Knfl:6s /
;fdfgsf vf]nn] s'¿k agfPsf lyP .
clns k/ k'u]kl5 af6f] klZrd df]l8of] . glhs} k/fsfn d7 /x]5 . o;f]
k:of}F / lgl:s klg xfNof}F . clns klt{/ nf]sdfGo ltns kfs{ /x]5 . Psbd ;fgf]
kfs{ . dlg{ª jfsdf lg:s]sf dflg; oxfF kmgkmgL 3'Db} lyP . kfs{leqsf] af6f] Ps
kmGsf 3'Dg d'l:snn] kfFr ldg]6 nfUYof] . t/ kfs{ ;kmf / xl/ofnLk"0f{ lyof]
. clnslt v'nf lhd klg /x]5 . t/ ToxfFsf ;fdfg w]/}h;f] eTs]sf, sfd gug{] /
nfkaf{xLk"j{s rnfOPh:tf lyP .
xfdLn] ToxfFsf] v'nf lhddf clnslt cEof; u¥of}F, Psb'O{ kmGsf klg
3'Dof}F / kfs{sf] xl/ofnLdf s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lvRof}F . kfs{sf] blIf0fL
9f]sfaf6 lg:s]/ xfdL k'gM 3gf a:tLlt/ k:of}F . ;x/sf] of] v08 d';ndfg a:tL /x]5
. cln cufl8sf] uNnL ;fFemdf sk8f, h'Qf / cg]s ;fdfgsf] ;8s–ahf/h:tf] b]lvof] .
htftt} Knfl:6s, sfut / s]s] kmf]xf]/ kmflnPsf] lyof] . ;kmfO sd{rf/L cfOk'Ug]
a]nf eO;s]sf] b]lvPg .
clg xfdL glhs}sf] dl:hbdf k:of}F . o'j/fh bfh' / d]g'sf efph"
o:tf] dl:hbdf hLjgdf slxNo} k:g'ePsf] lyPg /x]5 . pxL /fhdxndf hfd] dl:hbdf dfq
k:g'ePsf] /x]5 . t/ hfd] dl:hb P]ltxfl;s :yndfq lyof] . o;df rflxF d';ndfgx¿
laxfgsf] gdfh kf7 ul//x]sf lyP . dlxnfx¿ Ps s'gfdf kn]F6L s;]/L a;L s'/fg kf7
ub{} lyP eg] k'?ifx¿rflxF leqL v08df a;]/ gdfh kf7 ub{} lyP . jftfj/0f
cfWoflTds / sd{sf08L lyof] . xfdLn] ;a}lt/ 3'dL3'dL b]Vg kfof}F . o; dl:hbsf]
gfd b/ufx xh/t tjSsn zfx d:tfg zf]x/j8L{ /xdft'Nnfx b/ufx /x]5 . of] dl:hb
;fFu'/f] 7fpFdf ePsf] eP klg cUnf] 5, ;kmf klg 5 .
aflx/ d"nåf/df a;]sf levf/L dlxnfx¿nfO{ v'b|f k};f lbof}F, s]xL
kf]h kmf]6f] lnof}F clg ;8s};8s km6fkm6 k"j{ nfUof}F . s]xLa]/ nuftf/
k"j{ nfu]kl5 sfzL ljZjgfy dlGb/df k'Uof}F . oxfF bz{g u/]kl5 xfdL ;f]em}
pQ/ df]l8of}F . clg clnslt pQ/af6 klZrd nfUof}F . ;fFu'/f] uNnL eP/ xfdL
jL/~hg]o dlGb/g]/ eP/ cl3 a9\of}F . of] uNnL slt kmf]x/ eg] sf7df8f}Faflx/ olt
kmf]xf]/ uNnL lhGbuLd} sxLF b]lvPsf] lyPg . a8f] d'l:snn] kf/ eof}F .
dnd"q slt eg] 6]Sg] 7fpF e]6\g d'l:sn, clg b'u{Gw klg slt eg]
d"n;8sdf cfOk'u]/ dfq ;f; km]g{ ;lsof] .
cf7 ah] sf]7fdf cfOk'Ubf ;Ltf 5l/Psf sk8fx¿ k6\ofpFb} ldnfP/ emf]nfdf
/fVt} /lx5g\ . d k:tf pgL v';L eOg\ .
æl56} g} cfOxfNg'eof] t <Æ pgn] elgg\ .
æsxfFsf] l56f] x'g' < 8]9 306f eO;Sof] .Æ d}n] xfF:t} eg]F .
æca'O{, xf] / <Æ pgn] df]afOn kmf]gsf] 38L x]b{} elgg\ .
clg sf]7}df bxL, lrp/f / s]/f d'5]/ vfhf vfof}F .
laxfg vfhf vfg ;lhnf] x'G5 eg]/ a]n's} bxL / s]/f;d]t NofP/ /fv]sf
lyof}F .
o;} a]nf ptf cfdfsf] kmf]g cfof] . efOx¿ ofqfkl5 kmls{;s]sf /x]5g\ .
efOx¿nfO{ hfpmg\ eGgsf nflu d'/fl/ cfP/ tf/faf/L 3/df a;]sf] /x]5, cfdfsf] ;fyL
. cfdf;Fu nfdf] s'/f x'g kfof] . ;Ltf / d}n] lj:t[tdf sxfFsxfF uof}F eg]/
cfdfnfO{ atfof}F . cfdf v';L x'g'eof] .
zlgjf/ / cfOtjf/
cf6{ ckm lnleª ;]G6/df a; e|d0f u/fOG5 . of] ;'ljwf sDKnLd]G6/L ePsfn] s'g}
z'Ns nfUb}g . of] e|d0f Psb]lv 8]9 306fsf nflu x'G5 . klxnf] a; ;f9] P3f/ ah]
x'G5, klxn] cfpg]n] 7fpF kfpF5 . of] ;'ljwf lng vf]Hg]n] laxfg P3f/b]lv afx|
ah];Dddf cf>ddf k'Ug'k5{ . To;f]
ePsfn] xfdLn] ;f9] b; ah]leqdf k'Ug] ljrf/ u/]sf lyof}F .
laxfgsf] ;jf gf} ah] xfdL sf]7faf6 lg:Sof}F . zlgjf/ x'gfn] cfh cf6{
ckm lnleª OG6/g];gn ;]G6/ hfg] sfo{qmd agfPsf] lyPF . oxfFaf6 d]6«f] r9]/ l;Ns
OlG:6Ro'6 hfg'kg{], To;kl5 a; r9]/ sgsk'/f /f]8 hfg'kg{] /x]5 . d]6«f] r9]/
uof}F . daf6fdf nfnjfu af]6flgsn uf8{]g b]lvof] . d]6«f]sf] em\ofnaf6 aª\unf]/
;x/sf] pkgu/Lo If]qsf] :sfOnfOg b]lvof] . la:tf/} ;x/ kftlnof] . ;x/ kftlnP;Fu}
d]6«f]leqsf ofq' klg kftlnFb} hfFbf /x]5g\ .
clg d]6«f]af6 cf]n{]/ a; kqmL cf6{ ckm lnleª kmfpG8];gsf] u]6df k'Uof}F
. ca 3fd rs{g yfn]sf] lyof] . d}n] 38L x]/]F– ;f9] b; ah]sf] /x]5 .
!)= cf6{ ckm lnleª ;]G6/
cf6{ ckm lnleª
OG6/g];gn ;]G6/ hfg a}ª\nf]/af6 d]6«f] kqm]/ An' nfOg eP/ cfpg] clg l;Ns
OlG:6Ro'6df pqg] . oxfFaf6 nf]sn 6«fG;kf]6{ pknAw 5g\ . lghL ;jf/L ;fwg lnP/
hfg]sf nflu oxfFsf] kfls{ª :k]; Psbd 7"nf] /x]5 . cf>dsf] af/]df lj:t[t
hfgsf/L :jfutsÔdf k|fKt x'g] /x]5 . xfdL a;df uPsf x'gfn] ToxfFsf] kfls{ª :yn
xfd|f nflu tTsfn rflxPsf] lyPg .
gIfqjgd\ M gÔq
;QfO; 5g\ . oxfFsf] ;fgf] jgdf x/]s gÔqsf ;fy Ps j[Ô ;DalGwt ul/Psf] x'G5 .
;"rgfsÔ;Fu} 5 gIfqjgd\ . clg jgsf] 5]pd} lrofgf:tf ug{sf nflu Sofkm]6]l/of
/x]5 . xfdLn] ToxfF vfhf vfof}F .
cf>ddf pTkflbt
cg]s vfnsf ;fu;AhL oxfF kfOG5 . ;fy} oxfF >L>L tŒjsf cg]s pTkfbg pknAw
5g\ . l/;]K;gd} ;6n uf8L jf x\ljnr]o/sf] ;'ljwf k|fKt x'G5 . sf];{ ug{
cfpg]x¿n] l/;]K;gdf l/kf]6{ ub{5g\ . sf];{ ug]{x¿n] 6Øfu k|fKt u5{g\ .
pgLx¿nfO{ :6] l86]n klg lbOG5 . OR5'sn] oxfF sfpG6/d} 8f]g];g ug{ klg ;S5g\ .
u'?kfb'sf jgd\ M
kfb'sfs} cfsf/df 5 of] . o;sf k5fl8 ljzfnfÔL dG8ksf] ;'Gb/ b[Zo klg b]Vg kfOG5
.
æ/ftsf] ;dodf
oxfFsf] ;'Gb/tf x]g{ nfos x'G5 . e/] ot} a:gf];\ g .Æ Ps hgfn] eGof] . pm klg
xfdLh:t} ko{6s /x]5 . p;sf] 5f]/f] clxn] oxfF sf];{ ub{} ePsfn] cfPsf] /x]5 .
æxfdL klxnf] kN6 cfPsf . jf; a:g t xfdL
a}ª\unf]/ g} k'Ug'k5{ . xfd|f emf]nfem\ofD6f pt}sf] xf]6ndf 5g\ . km]/kmf/sf
sk8f / g'xfOw'jfOsf ;fdfg ;a} pt} 5g\ . tkfO{F sltkN6 cfpg'ePsf] 5 lg <Æ d}n]
;f]w]FF .
ætLgkN6 .Æ p;n]
eGof] .
æP . xfdLrflxF
cfh Ps ah] oxfFaf6 a}ª\unf]/ hfg] . lxhf] / cfh a}ª\unf]/ 3'Dg] ;do xfd|f] .
ef]ln d};"/ hfg' 5 .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æO{Zff kmfpG8];g
hfg'ef 5 <Æ p;n] dnfO{ ;f]Wof] .
æ5}g . O{zf
kmfpG8];gsf] af/]df ;'g]sf] dfq xf] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æTo;f] eP cfh}
ptf hfgf];\, oxfF /ft ga:g] eP .Æ
æxfdL cfh} ToxfFaf6
a}ª\unf]/ kms{g ;S5f}F / <Æ
æ;lsxflnG5 lg .
tkfO{Fx¿ l56} hfg'eof] eg] a]n'sf cfOk'Ug'x'g]5 .Æ p;n] eGof] .
æclxn] a? o;}
:yfgsf] af/]df s]xL atfpg'xf];\ g t .Æ
æs'g} ;dodf of]
k"0f{¿kdf j~h/e"ld lyof] . k'/fgf lel8of] x]/]df cf>d aGbfsf avt
of] slt ;'Svf, gfËf] / lj/ÏnfUbf] lyof] yfxf kfOG5 . u'?b]j cfkm}Fn] oxfFsf
s}of}F ¿v /f]Kg'ePsf] xf], s}of}Fdf k6sk6s kfgL nufpg'ePsf] xf] . oxfFsf] hGt'
tyf jg:kltsf] ljljwtf rrf{ ug{ nfos 5 . oxfF k'tnL dfq klg tL;–rfnL; hftsf
kfOG5g\ .Æ p;n] eGof] . k/ p;sf] Pp6f ;fyL /x]5 . ;fyLrflxFn] af]nfPsfn] p;n]
xfdLaf6 labf dfluxfNof] .
xfdL
u'?r/0fkfb'sfdf ePsf] a]nfdf ;Ltfn] 3/df kmf]g ul/g\ . cfz' / cfo'if cf6{ ckm
lnleª kmfpG8];gsf ultljlwdf efu lnG5g\ . ToxfFsf] ;T;ª\udf /dfpF5g\ . o;sf nflu
/fhf >]i7 efOsf] of]ubfg ax'd"No 5 . pg}sf] k|]/0ffn] xfd|f gflt–gfltgf
cfz' / cfo'ifsf] afNosfn ;'vL / dUg b]V5' d . logLx¿n] cfWoflTds jftfj/0f kfPsf
5g\ .
kmf]g cfz'n]
p7fOg\ . ;Ltfn] df]afOn 3'dfO{3'dfO{ ;a}lt/ b]vfOg\ .
æcfdf Û xh'/ t
slt efUodfgL xlu < cf6{ ckm lnleª kmfpG8];g b]Vg kfpg'x'g] eof] ÛÆ cfz'n]
xfd|f] ofqf of]hgf ;'g]kl5 eg]sL lyOg\ . gfltgLsf] o; s'/fn] ;LtfnfO{ cem
k|efljt kf/]sf] lyof] . pgnfO{ a}]ª\Unf]/sf] o; ;+:yfdf cfPkl5 gfgLafa'x¿nfO{
k|ToIf b]vfpg] 7"nf] wf]sf] lyof] . Tof] k"/f eof] .
j}lbs wd{ ;+:yfg
M j}lbs k/Dk/f, ;+:sf/x¿sf] k'gM kfng u/fOG5 . oxfF xft] tfgsf sk8f, cfo'j]{b
cf}iflw cflb cg]s j:t' kfOG5g\ . oxfF gf8L k/LÔ0fåf/f cg]s /f]usf] pkrf/ ul/G5
.
>L>L cfo'j}{lbs
c:ktfn M oxfF x/]s vfnsf /f]usf] pkrf/ cfo'j}{lbs k4ltåf/f ul/G5 . ljlzÓ Ôdtfsf
8fS6/x¿åf/f oxfF cf}ifwf]krf/ ul/g] ePsfn] pkrf/sf] u'0f:t/ pRr x'G5 .
/fwfs'~h M oxfF
;f/f j}lbs sfo{ ;DkGg ul/G5g\ .
u'?s'n M
5fqx¿nfO{ rf/} j]bsf] lzÔf lbOG5 . oxfF lxGb" kf}/fl0fs zf:qsf cg';f/ x'g]
u/L oxfF 5fqx¿sf] b}lgs sfo{tflnsf tof/ u/L nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . oxfF k~rd'vL
u0f]zhLsf] dlGb/ klg bz{gLo 5 . o;}u/L oxfF Ps xhf/ cf7 lzjlnËn] ag]sf] zfDa
k/d]Zj/ dlGb/ klg 5 . o;sf] agfj6 cd/gfy u'kmfx¿´}F nfU5 . oxfF ofq'x¿n]
hnfleif]s ub{5g\ / dgf]sfdgf cleJoÏ ub{5g\ . oxfF bz{g ugf{n] JolÏsf dgf]sfdgf
k"/f x'G5g\ eGg] ljZjf; ul/G5 .
d'?ug jfl6sfM of]
jfl6sf sf¨ts]o eujfg\sf] k"hfsf nflu agfOPsf] xf] . oxfF k'u]kl5 Psbd
´ª\s[t eOG5 .
eÏlgjf;df sf];{
kfl6{l;k]G6sf nflu sf]7fx¿sf] ;'ljwf 5 .
cGgk"0ff{ xn
M o;df kfl6{l;k]G6 / lelh6;{sf nflu slDKnd]G6/L ef]hgsf] k|aGw 5 . o; xnsf]
Ôdtf ;f7L xhf/ hgfsf] 5 . oxfFsf] efG;fdf ul/g] ;AhL s]nfpg], efG5f ;kmf ug]{,
yfn cflb df‰g] sfo{ sf];{ kfl6{l;k]G6 tyf ;]jsx¿åf/f u/fOG5 . lsr]gaf6
lg:sgf;fy ;6nsf] ;'ljwf 5 .
PlDklyP6/ tyf
ljzfnfIfL M oL ;+/rgfx¿ g} oxfFsf NofG8dfs{ x'g\ . oxfF cfpg] ;a} ofq' lelh6/
sDtLdf klg ljzfnfÔL d08k / PlDklyP6/df k'U5g\ .
ætkfO{F cf>ddf
cfpg'x'Fbf hLjgsf ;d:t lrGtf, b'Mv, sÓ / tgfjx¿ lnP/ cfpg ;Sg'x'g]5,k/Gt'
oxfFaf6 kms© hfg'x'Fbf tL ;a ot} 5f8]/ hfg'x'g]5, ;fy}df lnP/ hfg kfpg'x'g]5}g
.Æ >L>L /ljzÍ/ u'?b]j eGg'x'G5 . d/f7Ldf Pp6f egfO 5– æxfyL sfd, d'vL
/fd, ÅboL gfdÆ cyf{t\ xftdf sfd, d'vdf /fd / Åbodf eujfg\sf] gfd 5 eg] s;}n]
klg b'MvL x'g'kb}{g .
Sofkm] ljzfnf M
oxfF cf>dsf ljBfy© / kfl6{l;k]G6n] agfPsf vfBkl/sf/ kfOG5g\ . o; Sofk]msf]
kl5 afnaflnsfsf nflu v]Ng] 7fpF 5 . ;fF´df ljzfnfÔL / u'¿kfb'sf nflu lah'nLn]
hudu kfl/G5 . of] b[Zo cToGt dgf]x/ x'G5 . ;fF´ ;f9] ;ft ah]lt/ oxfF ljzfnfÔLdf
;T;Ë x'G5 . u'¿kfb'sfdf Do'lhsn kmfpG6]g ;f] x'G5 .
uf}zfnf M
>L>L uf}zfnfdf cg]s ultljlw x'G5g\ . uf}zfnf k|j]z ugf{;fy Ps ;'Gb/ dw'jg
b]Vg kfOg]5 . oxfF cg]s k|hfltsf k'tnL / r/fx¿sf] cjnf]sg ug{ kfOG5 . cf>d
a; 6'/df of] uf}zfnf klg b]vfOG5 . uf}zfnf ljzfn 5 . oxfFsf ufO{sf nflu ud©,
cfFwLt'kmfg cflbsf nflu slt ;'/Ôf lbOPsf] 5 x]g{ ;lsG5 . ufO{ / af5fx¿nfO{
cnu–cnu /flvG5 . o; uf}zfnfdf nueu !#)) hftsf ufO{uf]? /flvPsf 5g\ . uL/ ufO{,
uL/ uf]? cflb u'h/ftL x'g\, logsf l;ª nfdf x'G5g\ . 7"nf df]6f l;ª ePsf
sfFs/]h ufO{ klg u'h/ftL x'g\ . tLvf df6f l;ª x'g]x¿ klg u'h/ftL hfts} x'g\ .
nfdf / 7f8f l;ª x'g] xlnsn / lvnf/L hftsf ufO{ klg kfOG5g\ . lvnf/Lx¿sf cgf}7f
nfU5g\ . cfGw|k|b]zsf ;fgf ufO{, yf/sf kfs{/ lun hftsf ;fF9] klg 5g\ .
/fhf >]i7 efO
O6x/Lsf x'g\ . pgL cf6{ ckm lnleª kmfpG8];gsf] ultljlwdf ;lqmo 5g\ . xfdL
cfpg'cl3 g} pgL;Fu otfsf] af/]df s'/f ePsf] lyof] . xfdL a}ª\Unf]/ k'Ug] a]nfdf
pgsf] kms{g] ;do eO;s]sfn] e]6 gx'g] b]lvPsf] lyof] . crfgs pgsf] sf];{ nfdf]
eOlbP/ e]6 x'g] l:ylt aGof] .
d}n] pgL;Fu lgs}
lbgb]lv ;Dks{ /flv/x]sf] lyPF . s'/f eO/x]sf] lyof] . cluNnf] lbg klg s'/f
ePsf] lyof] .
xfdL hfFbf pgn]
kmf]g u/]/ eg]– æcª\sn gd:sf/ Û d xh'/x¿ oxfF cfOk'u]sf] a]nf Snf;df x'g]5' .
e]6 gx'g klg ;Sg] b]lvof] . d}n] :jfut sIfdf Ps hgf bfh'nfO{ xh'/x¿sf] af/]df
;a} eg]sf] 5' . pxfFaf6 cfjZos ;a} ;xfotf k|fKt x'g]5 . e/] 8]9 ah] d Snf;af6
Ps}l5gsf nflu km';{t kfpg]5' . Toltv]/ e]6 u/f}Fnf g .Æ
æx;\ .Æ d}n] eg]F
.
xfdL kmfpG8];gåf/f
pknAw u/fOg] a; ;]jf lng OR5's lyof}F tf ls ;a}lt/ dhfn] 3'd]/ x]g{ kfOof];\ . t/
s;/L of] ;'ljwf lng] yfxf gePsfn] xfdLn] /fhf efOsf] d2t lng rfx]sf lyof}F .
l56} g} /fhf efOn] eg]sf dflg;;Fu ;Dks{ eof] . pgL x]Nk 8]:sdf lyP . ;xof]uL, ;xh
/ dhfsf dflg; /x]5g\ . pgL a}ª\unf]/ k'u]sf] Ps dlxgf ePsf] /x]5 . gfd
lal;{xfn]F ltgsf] .
P3f/ ah] elgPsf]
a; ;f9] P3f/ ah] cfof] . xfdL a;df r9\of}F . 6'/ ufO8 Psbd dhfsL /lx5g\ . Psbd
:ki6 af]Ng] / ljifoj:t'sf] kof{Kt 1fg ePsL /lx5g\ .
ltgn] ;f]lwg\–
æcª\u|]hLdf eg"F ls lxGbLdf <Æ
ælxGbLdf ÛÆ ofq'x¿
lrRofP .
pgL z'4 / :ki6
lxGbLdf af]Ng yflng\ . pgn] ;a}nfO{ :jfut ub{} elgg\– æoxfFx¿nfO{ cf6{ ckm
lnleª OG6/g];gn ;]G6/df :jfut 5 . of] cf6{ ckm lnleª kmfpG8];gåf/f ;~rflnt 5 .
u'?b]j >L>L /ljzª\s/åf/f kl/slNkt / :yflkt xf] of] kmfpG8];g . pxfF
cfkm}Fn] oL w]/}h;f] ¿vx¿ /f]Kg'ePsf] xf] . pxfF oxfF cfpg'cl3 of] e"ld
j~h/ / k"0f{tof cg'kof]uL lyof] .Æ
pgn] ;f]lwg\–
æoxfFx¿dWo] slt hgf klxnf] kN6 oxfF cfpg'ePsf] xf] <Æ
w]/}h;f] ofq'n]
xft p7fP . xfdL rf/ hgfn] klg xft p7fpg] g} eof}F, p7fof}F . pgn] km]l/
;f]lwg\– æs;–s;n] oxfF cfP/ sf];{ ug'{ePsf] 5 <Æ
b'O{ rf/ hgfn]
xft p7fP . pgn] ltgLx¿lt/ kms{]/ v';L k|s6 ul/g\ .
pgn] cf6{ ckm lnleª
;]G6/sf] Oltxf; / jt{dfg Psbd 5f]6s/Ldf :ki6 x'g] u/L atfOg\ . a; lxF8\b} uof],
pgL hxfFhxfF k'luG5 ToxfFToxfFsf] af/]df atfpFb} uOg\ M l/;]K;g, Sofkm\6]l/of,
u'?r/0fkfb'sf, ljleGg pBfg cflb .
clg a; kl/;/aflx/
lg:Sof] . d"n ;8s ;kmf, km/flsnf] / ;'Gb/ 5 . oxfFsf] w/ftn ;Dd eGg klg
ldNb}g, clncln pa8vfa8 5 / kxf8 eGg t emg\ ldNb}g, kxf8sf] s'g} ljz]iftf 5}g .
t/ a; Ps}l5gdf kxf8h:tf] kfvfdf k'Uof] . of] kmfpG8];g pRr;d:ynLdf /x]5 eGg]
otf cfPkl5 yfxf eof] . hldg Psbd xf]rf] / Psbd cUnf] klg 5 . dtna otf kxf8 xf]
eGg] :ki6 5 . lgs} psfnf] / cf]/fnf] lxF8] klg ;aeGbf cUnf]b]lv ;aeGbf xf]rf]
efu d'l:snn] @)) ld6/ xf]nf . dfly yfKnfdf klg ;Dd, tn a]F;Ldf klg ;Dd .
Ps}l5gdf a; ptf ;+:yfåf/f ;~rflnt d]l8sn / cGo sn]hx¿lt/ nfUof] . af6fdf
;fu;AhLsf] ljzfn v]tL 5, Tof] klg kmfpG8];gs} pTkfbg xf] . ;a}yf]s cuf{lgs
pTkfbg x'G5 eg]/ ufO8n] elgg\ .
t/ 8«fOe/rflxF Ps
gDa/sf] ;Gsfxf . hltv]/} l/;fPsf] / cfqmfds . To:tf] dflg;nfO{ klg tL ufO8 a8f]
;+odk"j{s cfkm\gf s'/f elGyg\ .
ufuL{ ejg, ;'d]?
d08k, dxfnIdL d08k, ljzfnfIfL d08k, >L>L OlG:6Ro'6 ckm Plu|sNr/ ;fOG;]h,
JolStljsf; s]Gb|, o'jf sfo{qmd, ljZjfldq dlGb/, uª\uf s'6L/, ab|Lljzfn, ;'v xn,
;/:jtL xn, sZok s'6L, PlDklyP6/, Jof; xn, ;"rgf s]Gb|, j]blj1fg
dxfljBfkL7, j}lbs wd{;+:yfg, dfw'o{, b}jL ;]jf ;+:yfg cflb cg]s 7fpF b]Vg
kfOof] .
clg xfdL
kmls{of}F .
xfdLnfO{ O{zf
kmfpG8];g x]g{ dg eof] . d}n] gS;fdf x]/]F . oxfF hfg 8f]8\8faNnk'/ hfg'kg{],
ToxfFaf6 lrsaNnk'/ x'Fb} hfg'kg{] b]lvof] . xfdL dh]l:6s;Dd d]6«f]df cfof}F .
clg ToxfFaf6 O{zf kmfpG8];g hfgsf nflu 8f]8\8faNnk'/ hfg] a; klqmof}F .
a; a}ª\Unf]/sf]
6«flkms hfddf kv{Fb} / slxn] clncln l3;F|b} cl3 a9\of] . 8f]8\8faNnk'/ k'u]kl5
aNn xfdLnfO{ b'O6f s'/f yfxf eof]– klxnf]M cfh O{zf kmfpG8];g k'u]/ kms{g ;Dej
5}g . bf];|f] M d}n] o'6\o'adf h'g lel8of] x]/]sf] lyPF / cfh hfg] /x/ agfPsf]
lyPF, Tof] oxfFsf] kmfpG8];g xf]Og, of] t of]uf s]Gb| dfq xf], d'Vo s]Gb| t ptf
sf]ODaf6'/g]/ 5 . ca ptf hfg' cfjZos b]lvPg . cfOxflnof], ca oxL 8f]8\8faNnk'/
ufpFsf] :yfgLo ahf/ x]/f}F, oxfFsf] hghLjgnfO{ glhsaf6 lrgf}F eGg] eof] . xfdL
nueu 8]9 306fhlt oxfFsf] xf6ahf/df otfptf 3'Dof}F, :yfgLox¿;Fu s'/fsfgL u¥of}F
clg cfjZos geP klg s]xL ;AhL / kmnkm"n lsGof}F .
glhs} a; kfs{
lyof], ToxfF vfhf vfof}F . Pp6f a; r9]/ a}ª\Unf]/ kmls{of}F .
@( cS6f]a/ . cfOtjf/ . k|sfz
xfdL cl3Nnf] lbg
lbge/ lgs} bf}8w'k u/]/ yfs]sf lyof}F . ctM o; lbg cf/fd;Fu laxfg s6fof}F . laxfg
vfglkg u/]/ lg:sFbf ;f9] gf} ah]sf] lyof] . xfdLn] ;f9] P3f/ ah]sf] 6«]g kqmL
d};"/ hfg' lyof] .
!!= d};'/
d d};'/ lsg hfg] < lsg ghfg] <
d]/f k'vf{ ;f]dgfy cfq]o ;+jt\ %@) df o;} ;x/df hGd]sf lyP . d};'/
b/af/df pgL x's]{, a9] . kl5 pgL o;} b/af/df /fhu'?sf] kbjL / ;Ddfg kfP/ a;] .
;f]dgfy cToGt wgL a|fá0f lyP . pgsf s'g} ;Gtfg gePkl5 ToxLFsf s'g} lzÓ
a|fxd0fk'qnfO{ wd{k'qsf] ¿kdf ckgfP . o;/L xfdL blÔ0f ef/tLo /ut kfP/ o;
;+;f/df ljr/0f ul//x]sf 5f}F . pQ/ ef/tLo / g]kfnL /ut;Fu blÔ0fL ef/tsf] /ut
ldl;P/ alu/x]sf] 5 dleq . To;} /utsf] ;fOgf]n] dnfO{ d};'/ hfg k6sk6s pTk|]l/t
u5{ . p;a]nf a|fá0f cGt/f{lÓ«o hflt lyof], / hxfF klg p;sf] ;xif{, ;–;Ddfg
:jfut ul/GYof] . a|fá0fx¿ k|sfz, r]tgf, ;Eotf, ;+:sf/, cWofTd, kl/>d, zflGt,
;'zf;g, ljsf;, lgdf{0f / ;kgfsf kof{o lyP . ;a}eGbf pRr / ;Ddflgt hflt lyP .
ltg} uf}/jdo klxrfg af]s]/ d afFr]sf] 5' . g]kfnsf] Oltxf;el/ xfdL
;De|fGt, s'nLg, lzlÔt, ;Eo / ;r]t ;jf]{Rr hfltsf] ¿kdf k"lht lyof}F, Tof]
uj{ / lhDd]bf/L cfh klg xfd|f] 5ftL / sfFwdf 5 . To;sf] k'gaf]{w ug{ d d};'/
hfg rfxG5' . d]/f k"j{hn] k'h]sf] / 6]s]sf] w/tL 5fDg / r'Dg rfxG5' . d
hGd]sf] Kof/f] e"ld g]kfn g} d]/f nflu :ju{ xf], ;j{:j xf] . ;QfO; k':tf
eP5 g]kfne"ldsf] /;b–kfgLn] d]/f] /ut l;Fr]sf] . ctM g]kfn d]/f] /x/ xf],
;kgf xf], sNkgf xf], st{Jo xf], bfloTj xf], lhDd]bf/L xf], / ;fdYo{ klg xf] . t/
hLjgdf PskN6 dfq eP klg d]/f k'vf{sf kbrfk ;'Gg' / kblrGx klxNofOx]g'{ d]/f]
OR5f xf], :jTjsf] Psvfn] vf]hL xf] .
d};'/ b/af/sf] ljzfn k|fË0fdf rl//x]sf k/]jfnfO{ d bRsfpg rfxGy]F,
ltgnfO{ p8fpg rfxGy]F / Ps l5gsf nflu eP klg ltgsf] zflGt layf]Ng rfxGy]F / eGg
rfxGy]F– æd]/f k"j{hn] ltdLx¿sf k"j{hnfO{ oxfF rf/f] 5/]sf lyP . cfh
d 6f9f 5', d pt}sf k/]jfnfO{ rf/f] v'jfO/x]sf] 5', u'gf;f] gu/] .Æ
ltgsf k"j{hx¿ To;} u/L o'uf}Fo'u rf/fsf] ck]Ôfdf lyP, To;} u/L
cfsfz / w/tLdf km}lnP . k/]jfkG5L a:tf w/tL 9fs"g\ / p8\bf uug 9fSg] u/L
p8"g\ eg]/ xfd|f k"j{hx¿n] ltxf/df b]p;L v]Nbf lbg] cfl;s log}
k/]jfsf] xGh p8\bf b]v]sf] ofb cfP/ To:t} u/L k/]jf kfNg ;s"g\ eGg] cy{df
xf]nf .
;+:s[lt, w/f]x/, dlGb/, b/af/ / vfg]s'/f, log} s'/f t 5g\ d};'/df .
log}n] t xf] d};'/nfO{ ef/tsf cGo ;x/eGbf leGg b]vfpF5g\ . o;}sf/0f ;+;f/el/sf
dflg; d};'/ cfpF5g\ . tkfO{F s0ff{6ssf] P]ltxfl;s o'udf e|d0f ug{ rfxg'x'G5
< blÔ0f ef/tsf] :j0f{o'u b]Vg rfxg'x'G5 h;df eJotf, ;'Gb/tf, uf}/j, zflGt,
;Eotf, ;'zLntf, ;+:sf/, dfgjLotf 5tf5'Nn b]Vg kfOG5 < d};'?nfO{ ef/tsf
;a}eGbf ;kmf ;x/x¿dWo] Ps elgG5 . d};'/ ;x/sf] af/]df slxNo} g;'Gg] t sf] xf]nf
/, t/ klg tkfO{Fsf cfFvfn] d};'/nfO{ ulx/f] u/L x]g{ afFsL x'g;S5 .
5'Fbf klg lau|G5 ls eg]´}F ;'Gb/ l;Ns sk8f, PskN6 rfv]kl5 hLjge/
lha|fdf ´'lG8Oxg] :jflbÓ kl/sf/, ljzfn / :ju{sf] b/af/´}F nfUg] b/af/, eJo b;}F
dxf]T;j M logn] s;nfO{ dGqd'Uw gkfnf{ / < oltn] klg tkfO{Fsf] Åbo ´ª\s[t ePg
eg] tkfO{F /sL’h Sof;n k'Ug'xf]nf . s]hLPkm d'eLdf b]lvg] of] ljZjsf
;'Gb/tddWo] Ps lsNnf /sL’h Sof;n k'u]kl5 eg] tkfO{Fsf] Åbosf] s'g} s'gf klg
ablng / kUng afFsL /xg]5}g .
d};'? ;x/ s0ff{6s /fHosf] ;d:t Oltxf;el/ hlxNo} s]Gb|Lo e"ldsfdf 5
. jf:tjdf !)%) ;Dd s0ff{6s /fHo d};'/ clw/fHo lyof] . jf]b]of/ j+zsf /fhfx¿n]
!#(( df cfˆgf] zf;g ;Qf xftdf lnPsf lyP .
cfh d};'/n] cfkm"nfO{ Oltxf;;Fu} cfw'lgs Jojxf/, k|ljlw / ef}lts
;+/rgfdf hf]8]sf] 5 . Oltxf;, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/f, w/f]x/;Fu} d};'/n] cfw'lgstf,
ljsf; / ef}ltstfdf klg plQs} ;kmntfk"j{s kl/ro / klxrfg lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 .
d};"/ ;x/ s0ff{6ssf] ;f+:s[lts /fhwfgLdfq xf]Og of]usf] ljZjs]Gb| klg xf]
.
a}ª\Unf]/sf] s]P;cf/ ;]G6«n :6];gaf6 d};"/sf nflu @)^^) gDa/sf]
/fHo/fgL PS;k|]; 6«]g r9]sf lyof}F . xfdLn] cfkm\gf] l;6df k'u]/ emf]nfem\ofD6f
dflyNnf] v08df tyf l;6d'lg yGSofof}F . Ps}l5gdf xfdL r9]s} l8Aafsf] kNnf] vfnL
v08df Ps x"n cwa}F;] gf/L / k'?if k;] . ha ltgLx¿ cfkm\gf–cfkm\gf l;6df
a;] pgLx¿sf aLr ePsf] s'/fsfgLdf d}n] Wofg lbPF . tL ;fgf] :j/df s'/f uy]{ .
cfk;df cf}krfl/stf tyf dof{bfk"j{s af]Ny], dtna tL :qL–k'?if kfl/jfl/s
gftfsf geO{ ;xsdL{ jf s'g} cf}krfl/s a}7ssf ;xefuL ;b:o lyP .
6«]g lxF8\of] . xfdL rf/} hgf cf/fd;Fu cfk;df s'/fsfgL ub{} /x\of}F . /fdgu/d\
s6]kl5 /]ndfu{sf] blIf0fk6\l6sf ;'Gb/ cfFk au}Frf b]lvg yfn] . otfsf] hldg
k"0f{ d}bfgL ;Dd 5}g, st} xf]rf] t st} cUnf] 5 . cUnf] hldg ePsf] 7fpFdf hldg sf6]/ gx/
vg]em}F agfP/ /]nj] nfOg cf]5\ofOPsf] 5 eg] xf]rf] hldg ePsf] v08df df6f] k'/]/
cUNofO{ /]ndfu{ agfOPsf] 5 . /]nj] ha hldgeGbf Psbd cUnf] x'G5, j/k/sf]
b[Zofjnf]sg ug'{df cfgGb 5 . st} gl/jnsf ljzfn kmfd{ 5g\ t st} cfFksf au}Frf .
/]ndfu{ clUnPsf] a]nf d em\\ofnaf6 b[Zofjnf]sg ub{} kmf]6f] / lel8of] lng yfn]F
.
d}n] lel8of] / kmf]6f] lnO/x]sf] a]nf tL cwa}F;] gf/L–k'?ifdWo]sf] Ps
hgf dg]/ cfP / dnfO{ wfk dfb{} lxGbLdf eg]– æstf lxF8\of} t axfb''/ <Æ
pgn] d]/f] lz/sf] g]kfnL sfnf] 6f]kL lrg]/ o;f] eg]sf lyP . d}n]
lxGbLd} eg]F– æd};"/ hfg nfu]sf] . axfb'/ eg]/ lrGg'ef] . 7Ls eGg'ef] .Æ
æaxfb'/ Û ltdL d};"/d} sfd u5f{} <Æ pgn] clns s8f :j/df eg] .
pgsf] nahdf lzi6tf geP/ a8Kkg lyof] . pgsf] 6f]nLsf dflg;x¿sf] Wofg xfd|f
aLrsf] ;+jfbdf lvFlrof] .
æx}g xh'/ . d t ko{6gdf lxF8]sf] . d};"/sf] ko{6g hLjgsf ;'Gb/td
cg'ejdWo] Ps xf]nf eGg] ljZjf; 5 .Æ d}n] gd|tfk"j{s eg]F .
æd};"/df s]–s] x]5f{} lg <Æ pgn] cem /f]abf/ z}nLdf ;f]w] .
æd};"/df /]nj] ;ª\u|xfno, cDafljnf; b/af/, hudf]xg cf6{ Uofn/L,
;]G6 km]nf]d]gf rr{, sf/GhL tfn, rfd'08L dlGb/ / kj{t, s[i0f/fhf;fu/,
>L/ª\uk6gf cflbcflb . log} t xf]nfg\ oxfF x]l/xfNg'kg{] .Æ
æklxn] klg uPsf lyof} h:tf] 5 lg ÛÆ
æ5}g xh'/ . hLjgdf klxnf] kN6 xf] tkfO{Fx¿sf] dxfg\ e"ld s0ff{6sdf
kfOnf] /fv]sf] . o;} kfln .Æ d}n] lv:; bfFt b]vfP/ eg]F .
æk"/f ln:6 g} agfPsf /x]5f}, sxfF–sxfF hfg] / s]–s] x]g{] eg]/ . /fd|f]
nfUof] .Æ pgn] eg] .
æxh'/ . d ofqfdf k"j{tof/L ug{] u5'{ .Æ
pgn] c¿nfO{ b]vfP/ xNsf xfF:t} eg]– æ;'Gof} < of] axfb'/ ofqfdf
k"j{tof/L u5{ . axfb'/ ko{6s x'g vf]Hb} 5 . cf6{ Uofn/L / Do'lhod klg
x]g{] eGb} 5 .Æ
c¿x¿ klg ukmdf ;fd]n eP . ;'lsnf] ;]tf] wf]tL nfPsL Ps hgf dlxnfn]
;f]lwg\– æsxfF–sxfF hfG5f} t axfb'/ ko{6gdf <Æ
æcfh ofqfsf] rf}wf}F lbg xf] .
xfdL o;kN6 aQL;lbg] ofqfsf nflu lg:s]sf . s]/nf, tldngf8', s0ff{6s /
cfGw|k|b]zsf] e|d0f xf] . t/ s]/nfsf] lt?jgGtk'/d\ dfq 3'Dof}F, s0ff{6sdf a}ª\Unf]/
d};"/ dfq 3'Dg]5f}F .Æ
æaQL;–lbg] ofqf < w]/} nfdf] kf] /x]5 t Û clg a}ª\Unf]/df sxfF–sxfF
3'Dof} t <Æ ltg} dlxnfn] ;f]lwg\ .
æa}ª\Unf]/sf] O:sg dlGb/, ljwfg ;f}wf, l;Ns pBf]u, nfnjfu, l6k'
;'Ntfgsf] ;d/ Kofn];, uljuª\ufw/]Zj/, u0fklt, laua'n, ljZj]Zj/}of cf}Bf]lus
Pjd\ k|f}Bf]lus ;ª\u|xfno, j}ª\s6Kkf cf6{ Uofn/L cflb 3'ldof] . cf6{ ckm lnleª
OG6/g];gn ;]G6/ 3'Dg t k"/f Ps lbg nfUof] . ptf 8f]8\8faNnk'/sf] u|fdL0f
ko{6g klg eof] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
ltgL cfZro{ dflg/x]sL lyOg\ . pgn] elgg\– æko{6sx¿n] x]g{] :yfg ltg} t
x'g\ .Æ
æxh'/ . a}ª\Unf]/sf cGo :yfgsf nflu kl5 xfdLn] c¿ Ps lbg 5'6\6\ofPsf
5f}F .Æ
ltgn] c¿nfO{ cª\u|]hLdf elgg\– æxfd|f] axfb'/ klg Do'lhod / cf6{ Uofn/L
e|d0f u5{ /] .Æ
d xfF;]F . d}n]
cª\u|]hLd} l6Kk0fL u/]F– æaxfb'/x¿n] Do'lhod / cf6{ Uofn/L uP/ s]xL kmfObf 5}g
/ < cf6{ Uofn/L / Do'lhod sfo/x¿n] dfq x]g{] xf] / <Æ
æcª\u|]hLdf klg
s'/f ug{ hfGb5f} <Æ pgn] elgg\ .
æxh'/x¿sf]
;+ljwfgsf] efiff lxGbL / cª\u|]hL xf] . o; lx;fan] cª\u|]hL xh'/x¿sf]
/fi6«efiff xf] . d]/f nflu cª\u|]hL cGt/f{li6«o efiff xf] . clncln af]N5' .Æ
æs] sfd u5f{} lg
<Æ p;n] lxGbLdf ;f]wL .
æd t km';{t .
l/6fo8{ dfG5] . s] u5'{ eGg] / v} <Æ d}n] lxGbLd} kmsf{PF d}n] .
æP . l/6fo/ ePkl5
3'Dg lg:s]sf To;f]eP .Æ
æxh'/ xf] .
xh'/x¿rflxF s] sfd ug'{x'G5 lg <Æ
æd Oltxf;sL k|f]km];/,
o'lgel;{6L ckm a}ª\Unf]/af6 . ev{/} l/6fo8{ ePF . pxfF e"uf]nsf, pxfF
/fhgLltzf:qsf, pxfF ;+:s[ltsf, / pxfFrflxF ;dfhzf:qsf k|f]km];/ x'g'x'G5 . xfdL
;ft hgf . ko{6gdf lg:s]sf . ;a} Ps} ljZjljBfnosf .Æ pgn] kfn};Fu pgsf] 6f]nLsf
;b:onfO{ b]vfP/ elgg\ . d}n] k|To]snfO{ xft hf]8]/ gd:sf/ u/]F . pgLx¿dWo]
s]xLn] gd:sf/ eg], s]xLn] 6fpsf] clnslt xNnfP .
æsxfF–sxfF hfFb}
x'g'x'G5 lg <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
æcfh d};"/
hfg] . ToxfFsf] d};"/ ljZjljBfno hfg] . s0ff{6s /fHo v'nf ljZjljBfno klg
3'Dg] sfo{qmd 5 . ljZjljBfnon] g} lgDtf u/]sf] 5 xfdLnfO{==.Æ
æxh'/x¿;Fu e]6
x'Fbf v';L nfUof] .Æ
æltdL ef/tsf]
e|d0fdf ?lr /fVtf /x]5f} . xfdLnfO{ klg v';L nfUof] . e|d0fsf nflu d};"/ g} rflxF lsg
5fGof} t <Æ pgn] lxGbLd} af]Ng rflxg\ .
æxh'/x¿nfO{ yfx}
5, d};"/ t b/af/x¿sf] ;x/ xf] . ljZjk|l;4 cDafljnf; b/af/ 5 ToxfF .
;+;f/el/af6 Tof] b/af/ x]g{ ko{6s cfpF5g\ . ljhogu/ ;fd|fHosf] Tof] Ps s]Gb|
xf], To;df klg jf]b]o/x¿n] Oltxf;sf] nfdf] sfnv08el/ oxfFaf6 zf;g u/] . g/;/fhf
jf]b]o/ k|yd / lrSsb]j/fhf jf]b]o/sf] gfd Oltxf;df cfpF5 . blIf0fL 8]Ssg
e"lddf logLx¿n] s0ff{6ssf] blIf0fL tyf tldngf8'sf] pQ/L e"v08df
7"nf] clw/fHosf] lgdf{0f u/] . x}b/ cnL / l6k' ;'Ntfgn] klg o;
e"ldnfO{ cToGt dxŒj lbP . pgLx¿n] d};"/ clw/fHonfO{ ;Ntgt–P–v'bfafb
To;} eg]sf x'g\ / < x}b/fafbsf lghfdx¿, qjGsf]/sf /fhfx¿, d/f7fx¿ / la|l6;x¿
;a}n] Ps;fy cfFvf lsg uf8] oxfF < Pª\nf]–d};'/ jf/ lsg k6sk6s eof] <
rf}yf] k6s !&(( df >L/ª\uk6gfdf
ePsf] ljzfn cª\u|]h–d};"/ o'4nfO{ cfhsf ef/tLox¿n] s'g gh/n] x]5{g\
< oL ;a s'/f hfGg dg nfu]sf] 5 . l6k' ;'Ntfgsf] lsNnf, pgsf] b/af/, d[To':yn
/ sfj]/L gbLsf] kljqtf x]g'{ xfdL ;a}sf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ 5 .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æcfDdfdfdf Û c¿
<Æ
æxh'/x¿ ef/tsf
lj1 x'g'x'G5, d}n] xh'/x¿nfO{ s;/L atfpg ;S5' / < blIf0f ef/t /x:osyfx¿sf]
hGde"ld xf] . of] e"ld /fhf–dxf/fhfx¿sf jL/tfsf] syf /
/fgL–/fhs'df/Lx¿sf] k|]dsyfsf] sxfgLsf] pj{/ e"lddfq sxfF xf] / < of] t
ljZjk|l;4 snfsf/, d"lt{sf/, OlGhlgo/, syfsf/, slj, wd{u'?, lrGts /
j}1flgsx¿sf] efje"ld klg xf] . oL ;a b]Vgsf nflu ljz]if cfFvf rflxPnf, t/
5fnfsf oL cfFvfn] klg s]xL t b]Vg ;S5f}F lg . xf]Og / <Æ
ætkfO{F Oltxf;sf]
k|f]k]m;/ x'g'x'G5 <Æ ltgL crfgs ltdLaf6 tkfO{Fdf plSng\ .
d xfF;]F . d}n]
d':sfpFb} eg]F– æd}n] :s'nx¿df e'/fe'/Lsf] l;Fufg k'5]/ hLjg latfPF xh'/ Û cfh
l/6fo8{ ePsf] 5' . d t lzIfs klg x'g ;s]F ls ;lsgF yfxf 5}g . d Oltxf;sf] k|f]km];/ t s] s'/f
ljBfyL{ klg slxNo} x'g ;lsgF .Æ .
æg]kfnd} :s'ndf
k9]sf] ls <Æ
æxh'/ Û d}n]
g]kfnd} k9]sf] .Æ
ætkfO{Fn] ef/tsf]
Oltxf; olt w]/} k9\g'ePsf] /x]5 . g]kfnsf :s'ndf ef/tsf] af/]df olt w]/} k9fO
x'Fbf] /x]5 . ef/tdf t ljBfyL{n] Oltxf; vf;} k9\b}gg\ eg] klg x'G5 .Æ
æef/t / g]kfn
cnu–cnu b]z x'g\ . b'j} b]zsf cfkm\gf–cfkm\gf Oltxf; 5g\ . g]kfndf ef/tsf]
Oltxf; k9\g'kb{}g .Æ
æef/tsf] Oltxf;
gk9L s;/L k9fO k"/f x'G5 / <Æ
ætkfO{Fx¿n]
g]kfnsf] af/]df s] k9\g'x'G5 / < To:t} xf] . g]kfndf olQ k9fO x'G5 ef/tsf]
af/]df– ’ef/t xfd|f] l5d]sL b]z xf] . of] b]z g]kfnsf] k"j{, blIf0f /
klZrdL ;Ldfdf 5 . ef/tsf] /fhwfgL lbNnL xf] . dxfTdf ufGwL 7"nf g]tf lyP
.’ c¿ hfGg' s] 5 / <Æ d}n] xfF:t} eg]F .
æef/t t dxfg\ b]z
xf] lg . ef/tsf] af/]df ;+;f/n] hfGb5 .Æ pgn] ;uj{ elgg\ .
ætkfO{Fsf]
b]zelStk"0f{ efjgfsf] d cfb/ u5'{ . ;nfd u5'{ . ef/tLosf nflu ef/t dxfg\
ePh:t} g]kfnLsf nflu g]kfn dxfg\ b]z x'G5 . xfdLsxfF Oltxf;sf ljBfyL{n] ;d]t
ef/tsf] Oltxf; kl9/xg'kb{}g . cF, rLg / hfkfgsf] Oltxf;rflxF k9\g}k5{ . o'/f]k
/ cd]l/sfsf] Oltxf; klg gk9L x'Fb}g .Æ
ælsg ef/tsf]
rflxF gk9]sf <Æ
æef/tsf] Oltxf;
eg]sf] k/fho / ckdfgsf] Oltxf; xf], bf;tfsf] Oltxf; xf] . o:tf s'/f k9]/ bf;
aGg l;lsG5, k/fwLgtfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug{ l;lsG5 . x}g / <Æ
ltgL lalRsg\ .
ltgL emGg} l/;fPsf] txdf k'lug\ . pgn] elgg\– æbf; d'n's xf] / ef/t <Æ
æef/t wfld{s
lx;fan], ;f+:s[lts lx;fan] u'?x¿sf] b]z lyof] . cg]s wd{ oxfF hGd], cg]s
;+:s[lt / efiff df}nfP . t/ aflx/af6 cfP/ d';ndfgn] oxfFsf] ;Eotf / ;+:s[lt
Wj:t kf/] . PsPs u/L /fhfdxf/fhfx¿nfO{ x/fP . xf/hLt plt 7"nf] s'/f
gxf]nf, t/ h'g ckdfg / a]OHhtL clk|msL ;Eotfsf] eof] ;f]xL ckdfg / a]OHhtL
ef/tLo k/Dk/fsf] eof] . To:tf] ckdfgsf] syf ef/tdf k6sk6s bf]xf]l/of] . km]l/
cª\u|]h cfP . o;nfO{ r':g';Dd r';] . n'6\g';Dd n'6], x]Kg';Dd x]k], ckdfg
ug'{;Dd u/], clg cfkm"n] hf]8]sf] ef/tnfO{ b'O{ 6'qmf kfl/lbP/ cfk;df
:yfoL b':dgLsf] SofG;/ ;NsfP/ uP . ef/tLo :jtGqtf ;ª\u|fdsf] h'g em'6f] syf
tkfO{Fx¿ k9\g'–k9fpg'x'G5 lg, dnfO{ xfF;f] p7\5 M ef/tLox¿ slt e|ddf afFR5g\,
slt ukmdf afFR5g\ eg]/ . ;To s'/f s] xf] eg] cfkm"n] hlt;'s} rfx]sf] eP
klg a]nfotL rfxgfa]u/ ef/t slxNo} :jtGq x'g] lyPg .Æ
æof] t ef/tLo
hgtfsf] cfTd;Ddfgdfly tkfO{Fsf] b'i6 l6Kk0fL ePg / <Æ pgn] lzi6 efiffdf l/;
kf]lvg\ .
æ;To tLtf] x'G5 .
d em'6f] k|z+;f ug{ hflGbgF . c/sf]6sf] n8fOFsf] syf tkfO{Fn] k9\g'ePsf] 5 lg .
ToxfFsf] lbNnL u]6sf] syf tkfO{FnfO{ yfxf 5 . b'O{ ;ohlt a]nfotL ;}lgsn]
rf/–kfFr xhf/ ef/tLo jL/nfO{ k|m]Gr ;}lgssf] ;fy kfpFbf klg s;/L k/flht u/]
< Ps} hgf a]nfotL ;}lgs d/]g To; o'4df . t/ s;/L ef/tLox¿sf] efufefu eof]
< of] s'g} jL/tfsf] syf xf] < jL/ ls luF8\5, ls luFl8G5, t/ o'4af6 efUb}g
. tkfO{F o; k/fhonfO{ ts{;Ddt b]Vg'x'G5 < o:tf Oltxf;n] ef/tLo hgtfsf]
cfTd;Ddfg x'G5 / <Æ
æs'g} klg
k/fhonfO{ ts{;Ddt eGg ;lsGg . t/ Tof] t cFWof/fdf slt ;}lgs cfP, yfxf geP/ xf]
lg t .Æ
æs'/f] oxLF 5 . d
ef/tLo e||d, em'6 / ldYof 3dG8sf] s'/f lsg p7fO/x]sf] 5', o;nfO{ a'em\g sf]l;;
ug'{xf];\ . cGwsf/sf] kmfObf ef/tLo kIfn] lsg lng ;s]g < jgsf] af3n] gvfO{sg
lognfO{ dgsf] af3n] vfPsf] x}g / < jL/ ;}lgsn] oxL u5{ < lsg c/sf]6df
lbNnL u]6 aGof] < p;a]nf krf; nfv hg;ª\Vof gePsf] a]nfotn] tL; s/f]8
ef/tLonfO{ s;/L zf;g u/] < s;/L r';], n'6] < Ps nfv klg a]nfotL oxfF
cfPgg\, t/ s;/L ;d:t tL; s/f]8 ef/tLonfO{ lg/Gt/ ckdfg ug{ ;s] < pgLx¿n] ptf cd]l/sf, clk|msf / Pl;ofsf cg]s b]zdfly
zf;g l6sfpg' klg lyof] . s;/L ;Dej eof] < dl;t pQ/ 5 M cª\u|]hn] ef/tLox¿sf]
km'6sf] kmfObf lnP . km'6fpm / zf;g u/ ef/tLo cfljisf/ lyof], a]nfotLn] k|of]u
u/] . of] t tkfO{F enLefFtL a'em\g'x'G5 . ef/tsf] cfw'lgs Oltxf; a]nfotLx¿n]
oxfF u/]sf cTofrf/, ckdfg, a]OHhtL / 3[0ffsf] syf xf] .Æ
ætkfO{Fsf]
l6Kk0fL ef/tLo cfTd;Ddfgsf] lj?4 5 . ef/t e|d0f ul//xg'ePsf] 5, tkfO{Fsf]
;f]rdf kl/jt{g cfjZos 5 eGg] nfUb}g <Æ
æd aNn cfh ef/t
e|d0fdf lg:s]sf] xf]Og . lat]sf tL; jif{df d}n] hlt ef/t e|d0f u/]sf] 5', ;fob
lgs} sd ef/tLo u5{g\ . d}n] l;lSsd / uf]cfafx]s ef/tsf ;a} /fHodf kfOnf 6]s]sf]
5' . ef/tsf] Oltxf; k9]sf] 5' . ufGwL / g]x¿sf t cIf/–cIf/ k9]sf] 5' . xfdL
o;kN6 tldngf8'df dfq} kGw|–aL; lbg e|d0fdf x'G5f}F . laxf/ hlt 3'd]sf] 5' d}n],
Tolt sd} laxf/Ln] 3'D5g\, klZrd aª\ufn d hlt 3'd]sf] 5', Tolt sd} aª\ufnL
3'D5g\, pQ/ k|b]z hlt 3'd]sf] 5', sd} pQ/ k|b]zsf dflg; 3'D5g\, tkfO{Fn] olt
3'Dg'ePsf] 5 / <Æ
æxf]nf, d}n] t
w]/} 3'd]sf] 5}g . t/ ef/t lrGg kmgkmgL 3'Dg} k5{ / <Æ
ækb}{g . tkfO{Fn]
d]/f] ef/t e|d0fsf] ljifodf /fo lbg'ePsfn] hafkmdfq lbPsf] d}n] . d cWoog gu/L
Ps kfOnf] lxF8]sf] 5}g . kv{g'xf];\ x} <Æ olt eg]/ d}n] cfkm\gf] 7fpFdf uP/
emf]nfaf6 cfkm"n] tof/ kf/]sf] ofqf–of]hgfsf] k':ts NofO{ b]vfPF .
æoL x]gf{];\ . o;
ofqfdf lg:sg'cl3 sxfFsxfF hfg], s]s] x]g{], lsglsg x]g{], ;Dk"0f{ jt{dfg /
Oltxf; cWoog u/]/ tof/ u/]sf] k':ts xf] of] . ;a} cfkm}F 6fOk u/]/ lk|G6
lgsfn]sf] .Æ
d]/f] xftaf6
ltgLx¿dWo] w]/}n] of] ofqf–of]hgfsf] k':ts ;/{ kN6fP/ x]/] .
æof] g]kfnLdf 5,
ofqfbnsf ;b:osf nflu xf] . olt n]Vg slt cWoog ug'{k¥of], tkfO{Fx¿n] klg k':ts
n]Vg'ePsf] xf]nf, eGg} kb{}g .Æ
æslt ;do nfUof]
lg <Æ ;'?df dnfO{ axfb'/ eGg]n] ;f]w] .
ætLg dlxgfsf]
cWoog xf] . d}n] ofqfdfu{ to ug'{cl3 ;d:t If]qsf] cWoog u/]F . x/]s ;x/, ufpF /
nf]shLjgsf] cWoog u/]F . clg 5fg]/ of] dfu{ tof/ u/]sf] . ofqf ubf{ o;} u/]
kmnbfoL x'G5 lg, x}g / <Æ
æxf] lg x'g t, t/
o;sf nflu w]/} ;do rflxof] .Æ ltgn] eg] . pgLx¿ cfk;df d'vfd'v ug{ yfn] . ofqf
ug'{cl3 o:tf] tof/L u/] kf] ofqfaf6 k"0f{ ;kmntf ldN5 eGg] ltgsf] /fo
b]lvof] . clg a]nfa]nfdf ltgLx¿ sGg8 efiffdf s'/f uy{], d}n] a'em\g] s'/f] ePg
. t/ ltgsf] xfpefpn] dk|lt ;sf/fTds l6Kk0fL g} ub{} 5g\ eGg] a'lemGYof] .
ætkfO{Fn] ef/tsf]
af/]df ug'{ePsf] l6Kk0fL d}n] s;}sf] d'vaf6 ;'g]sf] lyOgF . ef/tlj/f]wLn] klg
olt gdL7f] l6Kk0fL ub{}gg\ .Æ tL dlxnf k|f]km];/n] elgg\ .
æ;xL eGg'eof] .
cfkm\gfn] g} xf] ;To af]Ng] . d ef/tnfO{ dfof u5'{ . ef/tsf] ;Ddfg ljZjdf
agf];\, d]/f] ;bf z'esfdgf 5 . ef/tLo ;DkGgtf, ;'v / ;Ddfgn] dnfO{ klg kmfObf
k'U5 . t/ ef/tLox¿sf] ldYof 3dG8, em'6f] uj{ / em'6f] Oltxf;n] ef/tLonfO{ dfq
gf]S;fgL u5{ . d}n] olt tkfO{FnfO{ eGg}k5{ . tkfO{FnfO{ ef/tsf] Oltxf; / jt{dfg
yfxf 5, o;sf/0f d}n] ;xL–;To eGg'k5{ .Æ
æef/tLo rl/q /
Oltxf;dfly tkfO{Fn] ug'{ePsf l6Kk0fL dg k/]g, t/ of] s'/f 5f8f}F . tkfO{Fn]
ef/tsf] Oltxf; slxn] olt lj:t[tdf k9\g'eof] lg <Æ
æPp6f s'/f ef/t t
dxfg\ b]z xf] eg]/ cl3 eGg'eof] . o; dxfgtfsf] jf xLgtfsf] lx:;f d klg x'F,
lsgeg] xfd|f] wd{, ;+:s[lt, e"uf]n, ;flxTo, Oltxf; ;a}yf]s hf]l8Psf] 5 .
ef/tsf] af/]df ;+;f/n] hfGb5 eGg'x'Fb} lyof] lg, x}g <Æ
Æxf] . ef/tnfO{
;+;f/n] hfGb5 .Æ pgn] elgg\ .
ætkfO{Fn] :s'ndf
k9\bf lemFuf, nfdv'6\6] / ;fª\nfsf] af/]df cWoog ug'{eof] . lsg < lemFuf
dxfg\ k|f0fL ePsfn] xf] / < nfdv'6\6] jf ;fª\nf dxfg\ k|f0fL x'g\ / < lsg
k9\g'eof] <Æ
ælsg < hfGg lg
.Æ
æhfGg' lsg k/]sf]
< lsgeg] oL tLg k|f0fLn] xfdLnfO{ b'Mv lbG5g\ . logn] xfdLnfO{ cg]s /f]u
km}nfpF5g\ . logsf] hLjgrqm k9]/ logsf] hLjgsf cnu–cnu r/0fdf cnu–cnu ljz]iftf
x'Fbf /x]5g\ eg]/ hflgG5 . logsf] hLjgdf ;a}eGbf sdhf]/ r/0f s'g xf] / s'g
r/0fdf lognfO{ dfg{ ;lhnf] x'G5 eg]/ xfdLn] k9]sf] xf] . ljZjn] ef/tsf] af/]df
k9]sf] rflxF s;/L ef/tLonfO{ cfkm\gf] bf; agfpg ;lsG5, s;f] u/]df ef/t /
ef/tLonfO{ cfkm\gf] lxtdf a9LeGbf a9L pkof]u, k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ xf] .Æ
æof] t Psbd} leGg
b[li6sf]0f ePg / <Æ
æef/tLo rl/qdfly
d]/f] s7f]/ l6Kk0fL tkfO{Fn] ;'Gg] ;fx; ug'{k5{ . dnfO{ cl3 pxfF ;/n] axfb'/
eGbf d lsg r'k ePF < lsgeg] pxfFn]
dnfO{ lrg]s} axfb'/ eg]/ xf] . t/ pxfFn] k|of]u ug'{ePsf] zAbsf] cy{ s] lyof]
< axfb'/ eg]/ pxfFn] x/]s g]kfnLnfO{
b/afg b]Vg'ePsf] 5 . d Tof] wf/0ff abNg sf]l;; ul//x]sf] 5', dg kg'{ of gkg'{
d'Vo s'/f xf]Og .Æ
clg d tL dxfzolt/
kms{]/ af]n]F– ætkfO{Fn] dnfO{ axfb'/
eg]/ wfk dfg'{eof] . Tof] ;Ddfghgs Jojxf/ xf] < s] s;}nfO{ wfk dfg'{
;Ddfgsf] ef/tLo z}nL xf] <Æ
tL r'k eP . pgn]
Psl5gdf eg]– æd}n] 6f]kL x]/]/ lrg]sf] .Æ
æ;d:of oxLF 5 .
b'O{–rf/ xhf/ g]kfnLn] oxfF cfP/ b/afg ag] eGb}df x/]s g]kfnLnfO{ b/afg
b]Vg'x'G5 tkfO{Fx¿ . d}n] g]kfnaf6 Pd=P =u/]F, Pd=P8= k9]F, o'lgel;{6L ckm
nG8gaf6 h]/f]G6f]nf]hLdf kf]:6 u|fh'P6 u/]F . ;}FtL; jif{ :s'ndf k9fP/ l/6fo/
ePF, tkfO{Faf6 b/afgsf] ;Ddfg kfpg olt ug{'k5{ eGg] yfxf lyPg .Æ d}n] tL
k|f]km];/ ;fx]anfO{ lzi6tfk"j{s emD6]F .
æef/tdf nfvf}F
g]kfnL cfP/ sfd u5{g\ . of] t ;Ddfg kfpg] s'/f xf]Og .Æ pgn] eg] .
ækm]l/ csf{]
;d:of . tkfO{Fx¿sf] sfdk|ltsf] b[li6sf]0f :j:y 5 < sfd ug'{ ckdfg kfpg] s'/f
xf] / < sfd gug'{ kf] gfnfosL xf] t . g]kfnaf6 kfFr nfv g]kfnL ef/tdf cfP/
sfd u5{g\ . ;'/IffsdL{sf] ¿kdf tkfO{Fx¿sf] /vaf/L u5{g\ . oxL eP/ tkfO{Fx¿
dnfO{ axfb'/ eGg'x'G5 . g]kfndf krf; nfveGbf a9L ef/tLon] sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . d
;fgf] ;x/df a:5', nueu b'O{ nfv hg;ª\Vof 5 d]/f] ;x/df . b'O{ nfvdWo] tL; xhf/
t ef/tLo 5g\ . ltgLx¿ s] sfd u5{g\ yfxf 5 <Æ
æs] yfxf <Æ
ltgn] eg] .
æltgLx¿n] df]rL
sfd u5{g\ . l;nfO, sl;bfsf/L, 3/ agfpg] ld:qL, n]a/, 3/ /Fufpg], t/sf/L /
kmnkm"n a]Rg], ;:tf sk8f 3/3/ 8'nfpg], saf8L ;fdfg a6'Ng], df]6/;fOsn,
;fOsn dd{t ug{], skfn sf6\g], kmnkm"n / t/sf/L v]tL ug{], la?jf a]Rg],
df6fsf] OF6 agfpg], udnf agfpg], rf]g{], 7Ug] u5{g\ . g]kfndf levf/L hlt 5g\
ltgsf] kGrfGgAa] k|ltzteGbf a9L t ef/tLo 5g\ . o;f] eGb}df tkfO{FnfO{ d}n]
df]rL, levf/L of saf8Ljfnf eGg] < o;f] t xf]Og lg . ef/t cfd¿kdf df]rL,
bhL{, saf8Ljfnf jf rf]/ xf]Og, t/ g]kfndf gAa] k|ltzt df]rL ef/tLo 5g\, pgfG;o
k|ltzt xhfd ef/tLo 5g\, ztk|ltzt saf8Ljfnf ef/tLo dfq 5g\, nueu c;L k|ltzt rf]/
ef/tLo 5g\ . s] o;} cfwf/df ef/tLosf] d"Nofª\sg ug{] <Æ
æ=== ========.Æ
æt/ d}n]
oxfFx¿nfO{ To;f] elggF . Pp6f g]kfnLnfO{ axfb'/ eGg' ;Ddfg xf] . xf] xfdL
axfb'/ xf}F . ;d:t ef/tjif{ a]nfotL bf;tfdf lkl;Fbf xfdLn] cfkm\gf] cl:dtfsf]
/Iff axfb'/Lk"j{s u/]sf xf}F . cfh klg a]nfot, xªsª, a|'gfO{ / ef/tdf
uf]/vf ;}lgssf] axfb'/Lsf] k|z+;f x'G5 . t/ g]kfnLnfO{ pxfF ;/hLn] wfk df/]/
axfb'/ eg]sf] ;Ddfg xf]Og, Kof/ klg xf]Og . ckdfg xf] . cfkm"n] g]kfnLnfO{
ckdfg u/]sfdf g t nHhf jf kl5tf] dfGg'ePsf] 5, g t pxfFn] o;df Ifdf g} dfUg]
lxDdt ug'{ePsf] 5 . cfTduf}/j ePsf] dfG5]n] uNtL ubf{ Ifdf dfU5 . Ifdf dfu]/
;fgf] eOFb}g . bf;sf] dgdf ;+;f/df of t dflns x'G5g\ of t bf; x'G5g\ . d}n]
ef/tLo bf; dgf]j[lQ oxfF tkfO{Fx¿leq} b]vfPF, ca o;df cfTd;dLIff ug'{xf];\ .Æ
d}n] s7f]/ zAbdf eg]F .
æt/ g]kfnsf]
/]ld6]G;df ef/tsf] of]ubfg t ;a}eGbf a9L 5 lg .Æ Ps hgf ;]tf] s'tf{ kfOhfdf
nufPsf ljåfg\ cl3 ;/] .
æxf]Og .
tkfO{Fsf] hfgsf/Lsf] ;|f]t unt /x]5 . g]kfndf hlt ef/tLo /]ld6]G; lelqG5,
To;eGbf nueu ;ft u'gf a9L /]ld6]G; g]kfnaf6 ef/t lelqG5 . nueu rfnL; nfv
ef/tLon] g]kfnaf6 a;{]lg caf{}F ?lkofF ef/t k7fpF5g\ . ef/tsf] ;a}eGbf a9L
/]ld6]G; cfpg] b]zdf g]kfn rf}yf] xf] . tkfO{F cy{zf:q a'em\g'x'G5 eg] km]l/ o;
ljifodf clns uDeL/tfk"j{s cWoog ug'{xf]nf, tkfO{F :ki6 x'g'x'g]5 .Æ
æg]kfnsf] ;}Go
vr{eGbf a9L t ef/tdf uf]vf{ ;}lgsdfly x'g] vr{ a9L 5 lg, x}g <Æ
æxf] . of]
hfgsf/L ;To xf] . ef/tn] cfkm\gf] ;'/Iffdf u/]sf] vr{ xf] Tof] . To;af6
g]kfnnfO{ s]xL gf]S;fg jf kmfObf x'Fb}g .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æuf]vf{nLn]
sdfpg] tna, k};f t g]kfnd} hfG5 lg .Æ pgL cem cl3 ;/]/ af]n] .
æhfG5 . d}n] clu
g} elggF . g]kfn hfg] k};feGbf ;ft u'gf a9L /]ld6]G; ef/t cfpF5 . lx;fa a'em\g'eof] xf]nf .Æ
æP . o;af/] cWoog
5}g d]/f] .Æ
æ;Kk} hfg]/ t s]
;Dej x'G5 /, t/ clnslt cWoog gu/L af]n]df
ts{ sdhf]/ x'G5 .Æ ltgL cy{zf:qsf
k|f]km];/ ;fx]a /x]5g\ .
Psl5gkl5
e"uf]nsf k|f]km];/n] dnfO{ ;f]w]– ætkfO{Fn] cfkm\gf] lx;fan] ef/tsf]
Oltxf; / cy{zf:q lr/kmf/ ug'{eof] . dhf nfUof]
. ef/tsf] e"uf]nsf af/]df tkfO{Fsf] l6Kk0fL s] 5 <Æ
æh'g ljifodf tkfO{Fsf]
l6Kk0fLn] s'g} kl/0ffdsf] ck]Iff u5{, ;fgf]eGbf ;fgf] kl/0ffdsf] ck]Iff ug{
;lsG5, To; ljifodf l6Kk0fL ug{] xf] . ef/tsf] e"uf]nsf] ljifodf s] l6Kk0fL
ug{] / < of] ljljwtfsf] b]z xf] . d?e"ld oxfF 5, ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf a9L
kfgL kg{] :yfg klg ot} 5 . kxf8 5g\, lxdfn 5g\, ljzfn d}bfg 5g\ . ;x/ 5g\ .
o:t} t xf] .Æ
æt}klg .Æ pgn]
yk] . xfd|f] s'/fsfgL a8f] rfvk"j{s ;a}n] ;'lg/x] . aLraLrdf xf] of xf]Og
h:tf l6Kk0fLafx]s c¿ s'g} s'/f u/]gg\ c¿n] . ts{x¿ Wofg lbP/ ;'lglbPsfn] d]/f]
cfTdljZjf; cem a9]/ uof] . cem hfFu/sf ;fy af]ln/x]F .
æd hf]wk'/ uPF, b
;lgP:6 l;6L ckm b jN8{ xf] Tof] . tkfO{FnfO{ yfx} 5 . clg xfdL kltkTgL
df}l;g/fd / r]/fk'GhL uof}F . tL :yfgdf s'g} jif{ ljZjsf] ;a}eGbf a9L jiff{
ePsfn] rrf{ ePsf] xf] . d]3fnosf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] kxf8 nfO6sf]/ lks uof}F xfdL
b'O{ . ptf gfufNofG8df k[ystfjfbLx¿n] emGg} ckx/0f u/] dnfO{ . dl0fk'/ ;xL
cy{df :ju{sf] Ps 6'qmf] em/]sf] 7fpF xf] . tkfO{F ToxfF k'u]kl5 g/dfO{sg a:g}
;Sg'x'Gg . t/ ef/tLo s'¿k rl/q / ;+:sf/
ToxfFsf] lx+;fn] b]vfof] . dte]bsf] l3gnfUbf] ;dfwfg xf] Tof] .Æ
æe"uf]nsf]
s'/f ====.Æ pgn] e"uf]n ljifod} d]/f] b[li6sf]0f vf]h] . jf x'g ;S5 pgL o;
ljifodf d]/f] b[li6bf]if vf]lh/x]sf x'g;Sy] .
ætkfO{F ef/tLox¿
efUodfgL x''g'x'G5, lsgeg] ljZjsf nueu ;a} xfjfkfgL o; b]zn] kfPsf] 5 . ljzfn
e"ld 5, ljzfn hg;ª\Vof klg 5 . ljljwtf klg ljzfn 5 . of] b]z cfkm}Fdf Ps
dxfb]z xf] . t/ o;sf] Joj:yfkgdf a9L hl6ntf 5g\ . tkfO{Fx¿ gfufNofG8sf ufpFdf
k'Ug'ePs} xf]nf, lqk'/fdf 3'Dg'ePs} xf]nf . ldhf]/dsf leqL ufpFx¿df k;]/
ufpFn]x¿sf] ;f]r a'em\g'ePs} xf]nf . kGhfaLx¿sf] Ps ;d"xn] cfkm"nfO{
ef/tLo 7fGb}g . sfZdL/Lx¿sf] csf{] ;d"x cfkm"nfO{ ef/tLo eg]sf]
;xFb}g . gfuf / ldhf]x¿ klg To:t} 5g\ . oxfFsf g]tfx¿ oL ;a ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{df
nfu]sf 5}gg\ . nfUg]jfnf klg 5}gg\ . g]tfx¿n] kfls:tfgnfO{ ufnL u/]/, sfZdL/sf]
d'2f p/fn]/, ef/tleqsf k[ystfjfbLx¿nfO{ prfn]/ cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts kmfObf
lnO/x]sf 5g\ . hlt kfls:tfgsf lj?4 ufnL u¥of], plt b]zeSt eOG5 eGg] cfdef/tLo
dfgl;stfsf] logn] v'a} zf]if0f u5{g\ .Æ
æt/ df]bL lg <
logL t dxfg\ g]tf b]lvP . logn] ef/tnfO{ alnof] agfO/x]sf 5g\ . ef/tLo
d'b|fnfO{ kl/jTo{ cGt/f{li6«o d'b|f agfpg] cleofgdf 5g\ logL .Æ
ædnfO{
tkfO{Fx¿sf] /fhgLlts d'2fdf l6Kk0fL ug'{ 5}g . t/ df]bLn] ef/tLo ?lkofFnfO{
Oltxf;d} ;a}eGbf sdhf]/ agfPsf] tkfO{FnfO{ yfxf xf]nf . g]kfnsf] s'/f u5'{ d,
g]kfnsf] s'gfs'gfdf ef/tLo k};f rNYof] klxn] . ;f7L jif{cl3;Dd g]kfnsf] blIf0fL
d}bfgL efudf g]kfnL k};f nueu rNb}gYof] . b; jif{cl3;Dd g]kfnLx¿ ef/tLo k};f
cfkm";Fu x'g'nfO{ uj{sf] ljifo 7fGy] . cfh cj:yf s] 5 d atfpmF <Æ
‘‘eGgf];\ .’’
pgLx¿ w}o{ b]lvP .
æg]kfndf ef/tLo
k};f rNb}g . s;}n] ef/tLo k};f :jLsf/ ub{}g . of] /fhgLlts s'/f xf]Og, cy{gLlts
s'/f xf] . g]kfnsf s'g} g]tf jf kf6L{n] ef/tLo k};f grnfcf}F eg]/ k|ToIf jf
ck|ToIf ¿kdf rnfPsf] cleofg xf]Og . of] ef/tLo k};fsf] cljZj;gLotfsf] s'/f xf]
. klxn] adf{df ef/tLo k};fnfO{ adf{sf] Sof6nfO{ eGbf a9L dxŒj lbGy] dflg;n] .
cfh x]gf{];\ t, ef/tLo ?lkofF s'g} ad{]nLn] /fVg dfGb}g . lsg < lsgeg]
ef/tsf] df}lb|s gLlt l5d]sL b]zsf] clxtdf 5 . o;f] ePkl5 k|To]s b]z cfTd/Iff
ug{ afWo x'Fbf] /x]5 .Æ
æa8f] rfvnfUbf]
s'/f ug'{ef] . clg ef/tLo l5d]sL gLlt t s'zn 5 lg . g]kfn–ef/t ;Ldf v'nf 5 .
o:tf] ljZjsf nflu cg'kd xf] . xf]Og / <Æ ltgn] eg] . /fhgLltzf:qsf
k|fWofksn] 6fpsf] xNnfP .
æhg:t/df g]kfnL /
ef/tLosf aLr Gofgf] / dfofn' ;DaGw 5 . Psn] csf{nfO{ ljZjf; u5f{}F . xf] . t/ l5d]sLnfO{
cfkm\gf] 3/sf] b/afg b]Vg] b'O{–rf/ hgfafx]s cfdef/tLon] g]kfnLnfO{ ;Ddfg g}
u5{g\ . ef/tLox¿ g]kfn e|d0f ubf{ / g]kfnLx¿ ef/t e|d0f ubf{ :yfgLo hgtf;Fu
Gofgf] afF8\5g\ . k|]d afF8\5g\ . of] Psbd ;'vb kIf xf] . oL x]gf{];\ xfdL ef/t
e|d0f ubf{ slt ;xhtfk"j{s ;a};Fu v'n]/ af]ln/x]sf 5f}F . o;nfO{ xfdLn] cem
ljsf; u/]/ nUg'k5{ . /fhgLlt ug{]x¿n] hlxNo} b]zx¿sf aLr b/f/ kf5{g\ / cfkm\gf]
b'gf] ;f]em\ofpF5g\ . xfdL hgtfn] Tof] b/f/ k'g'{k5{ . xfdLaLr ;flxlTos,
;f+:s[lts, wfld{s cGtlqm{of, 5nkmn / cfbfgk|bfg ug'{k5{ . oxfFx¿n] 6f]nL agfP/
ef/tLo uf}/jzfnL k/Dk/fnfO{ g]kfndf lrgfpg'k5{ . oxfFsf ufos, cleg]tf, lrqsf/,
slj, n]vs cflb g]kfnsf ;x/–;x/df k'Ug'k5{ / efOrf/f cg'e"lt afF8\g'k5{ .
ptfaf6 xfdLn] klg To;} ug{] xf] . xfd|f] efUo / eljio hf]l8Psf] 5, Ps} kl/jf/ t
xf}F xfdL .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æxf] . a8f] dL7f]
s'/f ug'{eof] . ef/tLo ljb]zgLlt klg a8f] ;Gt'lnt / c;n l5d]sLkg 5 lg xlu <Æ
ltg} e"uf]njfnfn] eg] .
æef/tsf :s'n /
sn]hdf oxfFn] eg]h:tf] ef/tsf] ljb]zgLlt ;Gt'lnt / c;n l5d]sLkgdf cfwfl/t 5
eg]/ k9fOG5 . k~rzLnsf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t 5 eg]/ klg l;sfOG5 . t/ Jojxf/ To:tf]
5}g ef/tLo ljb]zgLltsf] . x/]s b]zn] cfkm\gf] enfO x]g'{k5{, ef/tn] cfkm\gf]
lxt x]g'{ j}b]lzs gLltsf lx;fan] 7Ls} xf] . t/ ef/tsf jl/kl/ cg]svfn] b]z 5g\ .
wgL, ul/a, sdhf]/, zlStzfnL .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æef/tLo
ljb]]zgLltsf] ljZje/ k|z+;f x'G5 . k~rzLnsf] l;4fGt ef/tLo cfljisf/ xf] .
ljZjsf] zflGt / c;+nUg k//fi6«gLltdf k~rzLnsf] l;4fGt dxfg\ s'/f xf] .
zflGtk"0f{ ;xcl:tTjsf] o; l;4fGtn] ef/tsf] ;Ddfg Psbd p7]sf] 5 .Æ pgn] eg]
.
æPp6f ;To l6Kk0fL
u¿F < jf tkfO{Fx¿nfO{ gkRg] kf] xf] ls <Æ
æugf{];\ . xfdLdf
;'Gg] w}o{ 5 .Æ
æl5d]sLn] b]v]sf]
/ ef]u]sf] eG5g\ . ;'Gg] w}o{ / ;fx; /fVg'k5{, uNtL b]vfP ;lRrg] g}lts / ef}lts
;fx; /fVg'k5{ . tkfO{Fx¿ k|f]km];/ ;fx]a–;flxaf x'g'x'G5 d]/f cufl8, d Ps
;fdfGo u|fdL0f :s'nsf] ;fdfGo cWofks k/]F, ;''Gg ;Sg'x'G5, ;Sg'k5{ . ;'Ggf];\ M
ef/tn] >Lnª\sfdf cfuf] nufof] . x'g t To;sf] k|ltkmn klg kfof], /fhLj
ufGwLsf] xTof >Lnª\sfsf] cfGtl/s dfldnfdf ef/tsf] x:tIf]ksf] kl/0ffd dfq xf]
. kfls:tfg t o;sf] :yfoL b':dg eOxfNof] . rLg;Fu ef/t slxNo} ldNb}g . k6sk6s
o'4 ePsf 5g\ . ef/t hlxNo} g]x¿n] eg]em}F æaxfb'/Lk"j{s lk5] x6 /x] x}+Æ
sf] xfntdf 5 . e'6fgnfO{ o;n] ª\ofFs]sf] 5 . adf{;Fu p:t} lr;f] ;DaGw 5 .
aª\unfb]z;Fu klg a]nfa]nf uf]nL xfgfxfg rN5 . g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf ef/tsf]
l3gnfUbf] x:tIf]k 5 . k6s–k6s gfsfaGbL nufpF5 g]kfnnfO{ . aL;f}F 7fpFdf ;Ldf ldr]sf] 5 . o:tf] j}b]lzs
;DaGwnfO{ s;/L k~rzLntf, ;dfgtf jf zflGtk"0f{ ;xcl:tTjsf] cfwf/df /x]sf] /
c;n eGg ;lsG5 / . d t eG5', ef/t Ps b'i6
l5d]sL xf] .Æ
k|f]km];/ ;fx]ax¿
h'?Ss p7] . pgLx¿ s/fP– ætkfO{F of] zAb lkmtf{ lng'xf];\ .Æ
æof] zAb d]/f]
xf]Og . Ps ef/tLo ljåfg\sf] xf] . pxfFaf6} lkmtf{ lng nufpg'xf];\ . ef/tLon]
af]n]sf] s'/f ef/tLonfO{ ;'gfpg klg gkfpg] xfDn] < a? o;f] ug'{xf];\ M ef/t
Ps c;n l5d]sL d'n's xf] eGg] ts{df ax; u/f}F . s;/L ef/tn] oL b]zx¿;Fusf]
Jojxf/df zflGtk"0f{ ;xcl:tTjsf l;4fGt cIf/zM kfng u/]sf] 5 x]/f}F . d t
b]lVtgF .Æ
ætkfO{Fn] ef/tsf]
af/]df u/]sf] l6Kk0fL :j:y ePg . of] egfO s;sf] xf], xfdL klg a'emf}F .Æ
Oltxf;sL k|f]km];/n] k|ltjfb ul/g\ .
ætkfO{Fsf] cfj]u
d a'em\5' . t/ tkfO{F dl;t x}g, tkfO{Fs} a}ª\unf]/sf /fhgLltzf:qL /fdf hL=;Fu
k|ltjfb ug'{xf];\ . d}n] pxfFsf jfSo eg]sf] x'F . ef/t lsg b'i6 l5d]sL xf] eGg] af/]df pxfFn]
eg]sf] jfSo ;'Gg'xf];\ .Æ d}n] cfkm"n] tof/ kf/]sf] ofqf 8fo/Laf6 k9]/
cª\u|]hLdf eg]F
æpxfF eGg'x'G5 –
æPp6f abdf; 8fFs' klZrdaf6 cfpF5 . To;n]
xfdLnfO{ n'6\5 . ;'g, rfFbL, xL/f nU5 . xfd|f] 3/df cfuf] nufpF5 . cfkm"n]
k'h]sf eujfg\sf dlGb/ 9fN5 . eujfg\sf d"lt{ km'6fpF5 . cGgkft, n'ufkmf6f]
vf]:5 . 5f]/Lr]nL / a'xf/Lx¿nfO{ anfTsf/ u5{ . df5{ . xfd|f] hg} l5gfN5, 6'kL
sf6\5 . wd{ kl/jt{g ug{ gdfg]df Hofg dfg{] wDsL lbG5 . xfdLnfO{ bf; agfpF5 .
xfdL d"v{tfk"j{s cfk;df nl8/xG5f}F . p;n] slxn] Ps efOnfO{ ;3fpF5 /
slxn] csf{] efOnfO{ . ljeflht xfdL d"v{, sfo/, PSnf / eoeLt x'G5f}F .
To;;Fu le8\g ;St}gf}F .
clg slxn] Psbd k/k/sf] dfG5] 3'Db} cfpF5
. Tof] k/fO{ k/b]zLn] xfdLnfO{ cfk;df n8fpF5 . xfd|f] cy{tGqsf] 9f8 efFR5 .
xfd|f pBf]uwGbf, snsf/vfgf ;a} aGb u5{ . p;sf ;fdfg lsGg afWo kf5{ . zf;g u5{ .
p;sf] wd{ leg{ nufpF5 . p;sf] klx/g / efiff le/fpF5 . b]ze/sf wg;DklQ n'6]/ nU5
. xfdL d"v{tfk"j{s p;sf b'isfo{nfO{ ;xif{ ;3fpF5f}F . ha s] eO/x]sf]
5, yfxf kfpF5f}F w]/} l9nf] eO;s]sf] x'G5 . aNnaNn p;af6 ‘d'lSt’ kfpF5f}F .
oltdfq x'Fb}g, xfdL xfd|} bfh'efOnfO{
xfdLdfly zf;g ug{ cg'/f]w u5f}{F, t/ ltgLx¿ dfgl;s ¿kdf k"0f{ nDk;f/jfbL
bf;x¿ x'g\ eGg] slxNo} yfxf kfpFb}gf}F . ltgLx¿ bf;tfsf] k/Dk/fnfO{ cleofgs}
¿kdf cem cl3 a9fpF5g\ . lgn{Hhtfk"j{s ltg} ck/fwx¿ sfod /fV5g\ . o;af6
xfdL cfkm"nfO{ ‘:jtGqtfsf] cEof; ul//x]sf]’ 7fG5f}F . bf;dgf]j[lQsf sfo/af6
zfl;t x'g tof/ xfdL d]?b08 gePsf nDk;f/jfbL bf; dflg; ÛÆ
æo:tf] s'/f s'g}
ef/tLon] eg]sf] x'g ;St}g .Æ pgn] elgg\ .
æxf], o:tf] s'/f
s'g} klg ;fdfGo ef/tLon] eGg ;St}g . ef/tLo /fhgLltnfO{ ldxLg ;"Id 9ª\un]
cWoog ul//x]sf] lg/fz ljåfg\n] dfq eGg ;S5 .Æ
æTof] t xf] . cfd ef/tLo hgtfdf /fhgLltk|lt 3f]/
lg/fzf / cljZjf; 5 . lzlIft ef/tLo klg e|i6frf/, gftfjfb / cJoj:yfsf] l;sf/
eO/x]sf 5g\ .Æ cy{zf:qL k|f]km];/n] eg] . pgL c¿ s]s] eGb} lyP, d}n]
em\ofnaflx/sf] b[Zodf cNdlnP/ ;'lggF . d]/f] Wofg cGoq uPsf] b]v]/ pgL r'k nfu]
.
æbf;n] c¿ dflg;nfO{ of t bf; 7fG5 of t dflns
. oxfF dnfO{ axfb'/ eGg'x'g] k|f]km];/ ;fx]a g} lhpFbf] pbfx/0f x'g'x'G5 . o;} eP/ ef/tn] l5d]sL;Fu ;dfgtfsf] ;DaGw
agfpg / kfng ug{ ;St}g . log} P]ltxfl;s sf/0fn] ef/t c;n l5d]sL aGg ;St}g . of]
cfTd;dLIffsf] ;do xf] tkfO{F x/]s ef/tLosf nflu . cfkm"nfO{ bf; 7fGg] ls
dflns, ;xL ;do cfPsf] 5 . >Lnª\sf,
kfls:tfg, g]kfn, e'6fg, adf{ / aª\unfb]z
ul/a 5g\ t/ tL s'g} tkfO{Fn] ldNsfPsf] /f]6L vfg] levf/L xf]Ogg\, l5d]sL x'g\ .
l5d]sLsf] 3/sf b'O{–rf/ nf]eLkfkL g]tfnfO{ nnLkk v'jfP/ To; b]zsf] efUo /
eljiodf t/ dfg'{ ef/tLo cfkm}FnfO{ klg s'g} lbg 3fts x'G5 . ;d:t ef/tn] olt ;To
:jLsf/ ug{ ;s]sf] lbg ef/t c;n l5d]sL aGg]5, dxfg\ b]z aGg]5 .Æ
ukm}ukmdf xfdL dfG8\of k'u]5f}F . 6«]g dfG8\of :6];gdf cl8of] . xfdLn]
ljjflbt ljifodf rn]sf] s'/fsfgLsf] la6 df¥of}F . cfk;df lg/Gt/ ;Dks{, ;b\efj,
k|]d / ljZjf; ;f6f;f6 ug{] k|lta4tf k|s6 u¥of}F .
cGTodf sGg8f / g]kfnL efiffsf] ;flxlTos ;Dks{, cg'jfb / k|sfzg cflb
ug{] ljifodf 5nkmn rNof] . oL b'O{ efiffaLr ;femf sfd ug{ ;Sof}F eg]
o'uf}Fb]lvsf] ;'Gb/ ;DaGw cem alnof] x'g]df xfdL ljZj:t eof}F . g]kfnsf gfd
rn]sf ;flxTosf/sf s[ltx¿ sGg8f efiffdf / Totfsf gfd rn]sf slj–n]vssf s[ltx¿
g]kfnLdf cg'jfb ug{]–u/fpg] / k|sfzgdf n}hfg] ljifodf lgs} nfdf] 5nkmn eof] .
o; ljifodf ePsf] ;xdltn] o;kN6sf] xfd|f] ofqfaf6 Ps ljlzi6 pknlAw x'g] ljZjf; 5
dnfO{ .
ha 6«]g
d};"/ :6];gdf k|j]z ug{ nfUof], k|f]km];/x¿ 56k6 ug{ nfu] . pgLx¿n]
cfkm\gf emf]nf ;DxfNb} xfdLnfO{ z'eofqf eg] . xfdLn] klg pgLx¿sf] ofqfsf]
;kmntfsf] sfdgf u¥of}F . lbgsf] b'O{ aHg nfu]sf] lyof] xf]nf . pgLx¿nfO{ cfk;df
cGtlqm{of ug{ 5f8]/ d}n] dflxnf efGhf l8NnL sfkm\n]nfO{ d];]Gh/df sn u/]F– æs]
5 va/ efGhf <Æ
efGhf cfkm\gf 5f]/fsf] pkrf/sf nflu lbNnL hfg'ePsf] tLg dlxgf eO;s]sf]
s'/f] d}n] ;'g]sf] lyPF . aLrdf b'O{rf/kN6 5f]6f s'/fsfgL klg ePsf x'g\ . s] 5
< ;a 7Ls 5 . cf/fd} < cf/fd} . o:t} .
æxh'/x¿ sxfF k'Ug'ef] lg <Æ efGhfnfO{ xfdL ofqfdf ePsf] s'/f] yfxf
lyof] .
æd};'/ .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æd};'/df < slxn] <Æ
æev{/ . 6«]gaf6 cf]n{g nfu]sf 5f}F . oxfF ;j{k|yd sf]7f vf]Hg' 5 .
emf]nf la;fPkl5 c¿ s'/f ;f]Rg ;lsPnf .Æ
æToxLF xf] xfdL b'O{ dlxgfeGbf a9L ;do a;]sf] . cl:tsf lbg t xf] lbNnL
cfOk'u]sf] . cF, a;kfs{sf] 5]plt/ sf]7f vf]Hg'xf]nf . c6f]n] nlulbG5 . otfsf]
h:tf] ltgn] 7Ub}gg\ . gofF a;kfs{lt/ sf]7f clns ;kmf kfOG5g\ . k'/fgf]
a;kfs{lt/ sf]7f ;:tf eP klg clns kmf]xf]/ x'G5g\ . gofF a;kfs{lt/} hfg'xf]nf .
xfdL t nfdf] ;do a:g'kg{] x'gfn] ;:tf vf]Hb} k'/fg} a;kfs{lt/ a;]sf lyof}F .
xh'/x¿nfO{ c;'ljwf x'G5 . gofF a;kfs{ 7Ls . x'g t /]nj] :6];gg]/} klg /fd|f
sf]7f kfOG5g\, clns dxFuf] k5{ xf]nf .Æ efGhfn] eGg'eof] .
xfdLn] clns dxFuf] k/] klg k?g\, /]nj] :6];gg]/s} sf]7f vf]Hg] ljrf/ u¥of}F
. oqf emf]nf af]s]/ sltlt/ wfpg] <
clg emf]nf le/]/ :6];gaflx/ lg:Sof}F . c6f]jfnfx¿ cfkm"lt/
cfslif{t ug{ yfn] . Pp6f c6f] klqmof}F . c6f]jfnf nueu k}F;6\7L–;Q/L jif{sf]
dflg; lyof] .
æslt jif{sf] x'g'eof] < slt eof] c6f] rnfpg'ePsf] <Æ
æd pgfG;Q/L jif{sf] ePF . c6f] rnfPsf] kGw| jif{ eof] . klxn] d 6«s
rnfpFy]F . r]GgO{– a}ª\Unf]/–d};'/ .Æ
p;nfO{ xfdLn] glhs}sf] ;fgf] ;kmf xf]6n b]vfOlbg eGof}F .
æxf]6ndf nu"F ls ?ddf <Æ p;n] ;f]Wof] .
æcfhsf] /ft latfpg] ?d ePsf] 7fpF . xfdLnfO{ b'O6f ?d rflxG5 .Æ
To;n] ;f]em} k|sfz /]lh8]G;L k'¥ofof] . sf]7fsf] :t/ x]/L df]n 7Ls}
nfUof] . xfdL ToxLF a:g] eof}F .
s]xL ;do sf]7fdf cf/fd u/]kl5 d}n] d};'/ ;x/df k'Ug}kg]{ s]xL :yfgsf]
;"rL agfPF .
d};'/ /]nj] ;ª\u|xfno M ef/tLo /]nsf]
Oltxf; hfGg, g]kfndf /]n;]jfsf] ;DefJotf yfxf kfpg, ljZjdf /]n;]jfsf] ljsf; /
ultljlw;Fu ef/t / xfdL s;/L glhs jf 6f9f 5f}F yfxf kfpg oxfF hfg'xf]nf . xfdL t
d};'/ k'u]s} lbg tLg ah]lt/ oxfF k:of}F . w]/}a]/ o;leq x/fof}F . /dfOnf] klg 5
. kmf]6f] v'a} lvlrof] ToxfF . Pp6f Eo'6fj/ klg 5 hxfFaf6 d};'/ ;x/sf] lgs} efu
dhfn] b]Vg kfOg] /x]5 .
clg dfq xfdL cDafljnf; b/af/sf] ;fFemsf] lemlnldnL x]g{ uPsf lyof}F .
cDaf ljnf; b/af/ M d};'/ ;x/ b/af/x¿sf] ;x/
xf] . d};'/df ;ft ljZjk|l;4 b/af/ 5g\ . cDafljnf; Kofn];nfO{ d};'/ b/af/ eg]/
lrlgG5 . of] ;a}eGbf d'Vo / rlr{t b/af/ xf] . d'Vo cfsif{0f oxL xf] . of] b/af/
ef/tel/sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] b/af/ klg xf] . of] lxGb', O:nfd, uf]lys / /fh:yfgL
ejg lgdf{0f k/Dk/fsf] ld>0f xf] . oxfF hfg k|j]z z'Ns ?= !)).– nfU5 /
e|d0fsf nflu Psb]lv b'O{ 306fsf] ;do cfjZos k5{ . b/af/sf kvf{n, 9f]sf /
l;lnªsf k|To]s OGr ljlzÓ hl6n snfTds cleJolQmn] el/Psf 5g\ . leqsf ;a} 7fpF
3'd]/ x]bf{ ;j{;fwf/0fsf nflu ag]sf] xn xfd|f nflu ;jf]{Qd nfUg]5 . lrQfsif{s
aofnL; l;d]l6«sn :tDex¿ 5g\ . dxf/fhfsf] lghL b/af/ xn csf]{ d'Vo cfsif{0f xf]
. b/af/leqsf] j/fx dlGb/ klg ljlzÓsf] 5, o;sf] bz{g ug{ kfOG5 . d};'/ b/af/sf]
csf]{ ljz]iftf eg]sf] oxfFsf] k|sfz Joj:yf xf] . b/af/df (&,@)) aQLsf]
Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . /ftdf o; b/af/sf] ´ls´sfp aQLsf] b[Zo x]g]{ df}sf
u'dfpg'x'Fb}g . xfdLn] c6f]af6 cf]n{]/ ;a}eGbf klxn] emfnd'/L vfof}F .
efph" b'O{–tLg lbgcl3b]lv emfnd'/L vfg kfP x'GYof] eGb} x'g'x'GYof], oxfF
cfP/ vfg kfOof] .
xfdL b;}Fsf] a]nfdf k'u]sfn] To; Ps ;fFemrflxF lgMz'Ns k|j]zsf] cj;/
k/]5 . nfvf}F dflg; lyP . ;fFemsf] ;ft ah] Ps}rf]l6 oltsf aQL aNbf t b/af/ g}
x'/{ an]h:tf] nfUg] . ;Ltf oxfFsf] nfO6 ;f] x]g{ kfpFbf efjljef]/ lyOg\, d]/f]
s'/} gu/f}F . o'j/fh bfh' / efph" s] ug{] xf], s;f] ug{] xf], o; cj;/nfO{
s;/L Sofd/fdf s}b ug{] xf], Jou| / pQ]lht x'g'x'GYof] . oxfF t b/af/, b/af/
kl/;/ / ToxfFsf dlGb/dfq xf]Og,l;ª\u} ;x/ lemlnldnL x'Fbf] /x]5 . slt w]/} aQL
afn]sf < slt w]/} lah'nL vr{ u/]sf < dnfO{ t cfZro{sf] kNn} 5]pdf k'¥ofof]
oxfFsf] /f}gsn] .
d}n] cDafljnf; b/af/sf] nfO6 ;f] x]g{ kfpg'cl3 cfkm\gf] efjt/ª\u /]s8{
u/]sf] /x]5' M ænfO6 ;f] ;'? x'g nfu]sf] 5 . b/af/sf] k|fª\u0fdf nfvf}F dflg;
e]nf ePsf 5g\ . xfdL b/af/sf] afofFk6\l6sf] Kof/flk6sf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] v08df
a;]sf 5f}F . of] 7fpF g} ;a}yf]s x]g{ kfOg] ;a}eGbf pko'St laGb' xf] eg]/ xfdL
oxfF a;]sf . ;Ltf rlst cfFvf ;a}lt/ 8'nfpFb} l5g\ . bfh' / efph" lel8of]
lvlr/xg'ePsf] 5 . pxfFx¿sf] cg'xf/df km}lnPsf] cfZro{ nf]enfUbf] 5 . casf] cfwf
306fdf nfO6 ;f] x'g]5 . xfdL ePk6\l6 tn au}Frfdf cem} s]xL 7fpF vfnL 5 . ;fob
;f] x'g'cufj} ;a}lt/ el/g]5 . xhf/f}F dflg;sf] tfFtL u'?? l5l//x]sf] 5 t/ ;a}sf
nflu kof{Kt 7fpF 5 . crDd nfU5, clxNo} olt lemlnldnL 5, ca slt nfO6 yKg] /
<Æ
cfwf 306fhlt kl5 nfO6 ;f] ;'? eof] . ha aQL an], b/af/ t x'/{ an]h:tf]
b]lvof] . b/af/dfq lsg, j/k/sf k|j]zåf/x¿, dlGb/x¿ / uf]k'/d\x¿ ;a} x'/{
an]em}F eof] . t'?Gt} k|sfzsf] l:y/tf b]lvof] . of] k|sfz zfGt, l:y/ / Psgf;]
lyof] . hLjgsf ;a} /ª c6fPsf lyP k|sfzdf . d};'/ ;x/ ctLj ;'Gb/ eP klg gd|,
zfnLg, lzi6 / ;f}Do b]lvPsf] lyof] . oxL u'0f oxfF klg b]lvof] . b/af/ hlt;'s}
eJo eP klg o;df 3dG8sf] n]z klg lyPg .
c¿ cfwf 306f otf / ptf bf}l8P/ xfdL eL8df ldl;of}F . kmf]6f] lvRof}F . stfsf]
kmf]6f lvRg], stfsf] rflxF glvr] klg x'g], cToGt a]r}gL / åGåsf] l:ylt eof] . kmf]6f]
/ lel8of] lvRt} aflx/ lg:Sof}F . lg:sg] a]nfdf klg kmf]6f] / lel8of] lnO/x\of}F
. xhf/f}F df]afOn / Sofd/fx¿ Psbd lSnslSns ul//x]sf lyP . oltsf dflg;sf]
cfgGbsf] lx:;f aGg kfPsf lyof}F xfdL . cfgGb t ;d"xdf x'g] xf] . olb oL
dflg; lyPgg\, eP/ klg /dfPsf lyPgg\ eg] xfdLn] klg /dfpg ;Sg] s'/f lyPg . oL
;a} dflg; s'g} zf]sdf ePsf eP xfd|f] dgf]bzf klg ;f]xL k|sf/n] zf]su|:t aGg]
lyof] . l5d]sLsf] ;'vn] ;'v ldN5, ;fyLsf] ;'vn] ;'v ldN5 . ;'vsf] xfjf ;j{q
km}nG5 . d':sfgn] d':sfg hGdfpg ;3fpF5 .
d}n] ;'?d} d]/f
k"j{hn] s0ff{6ssf] /fhb/af/sf] ;]jf u/]sf] s'/f eg]sf] 5' . d]/f k"j{h
;f]dgfy cfq]o ToxfFsf /fhu'? lyP eg]/ atfPsf] 5' . dnfO{ d};'/ /fhb/af/df
k'u]sf] a]nf ToxfFsf] cfFugdf rl//x]sf k/]jf;Fu s'/f ug{ dg lyof] . k/]jfx¿nfO{
eGg dg lyof]– æltd|f k"j{h / d]/f k"j{h Ps} cfFugdf v]Ny] . d]/f
k"j{hn] ltd|f k"j{hnfO{ v'jfPsf] rf/fn] ltdLx¿ ePsf xf} . dnfO{
lrGof} s] <Æ
t/ ha xfdL
;fFemdf k'Uof}F, k/]jfx¿;Fu e]6 x'g] s'/f] ePg
. k/]jfx¿ /ftdf u'F8df kms{G5g\ .
ca a; :6]G8;Dd k'Ug' lyof] . af6fsf] eL8n] lxF8\g} sl7g eof] . aNnaNn
Pp6f c6f] kfOof] . c6f] kqm]/ xf]6ndf kmls{of}F .
a]n'sf xf]6njfnf;Fu s'/fsfgL x'Fbf p;n] eGof]– æ;x/sf] ko{6gsf nflu
Joj:yf 5, Pp6f lghL sDkgLn] 3'dfpg] u5{ . tkfO{Fx¿ hfg'x'G5 eg] k|ltJolSt rf/
;o ?lkofF k5{ . k|j]z z'Nsx¿rflxF tkfO{Fx¿ cfkm}Fn] ltg{'kg{]5 . kfls{ª
z'NsrflxF uf8Ljfnfn] Aoxf]5{ .Æ
o'j/fh bfh' / d}n] o;df ?lr b]vfof}F . p;n] eGof]– æhfg] xf] eg] clxNo}
k};f hDdf ug'{xf];\ .Æ
ælaxfg} lbOxfN5f}F lg .Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
æuf8L a's ug'{k/]g < cfh} a's gu/] kfOFb}g .Æ
æsxfFsxfF 3'dfpF5 t <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
p;n] Pp6f ;"rL lbof] . To;df xfdLn] 3'Dg'kg{] nueu ;a} 7fpF /x]5g\
. hugdf]xg cf6{ Uofn/L–h'nf]lhsn uf8{]G;–rfd'08]Zj/L–d};"/ b/af/–;]G6
lkmnf]d]gfsf] rr{–l;Ns sk8f vl/b–l6k' ;'Ntfgsf] b/af/, lsNnf /
d[To':yn––>L/ª\uk6gf /ª\ugfy:jfdL–j[Gbfjg uf8{]G; .
d}n] bfh'nfO{ eg]F– æxfdLn] hfg}kg{} 7fpFx¿ /x]5g\ . xfdL cfkm}F uof}F
eg] b'O{ lbg nfU5 olt 3'Dg t . o;}df hfFbf x'g] b]lvof] .Æ
kfFr ;osf] gf]6 lbFb} eGg'eof]– æxfdL rf/ hgf hfg] . of] 6f]sg dgL .Æ
æ6f]sg dgLn] x'Fb}g . ;a} clxNo} lbg'k5{ .Æ
æolt lbO;s]kl5 s;n] 5f8\5 < ef]ln laxfg k"/f k};f lbpFnf g .Æ
bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
ænf} t . d}n] uf8Lsf l;6 a's ul/lbPF x} t < km/s gk/f];\ lg Û p;n]
eGof] .
ækm/s kb{}g of/ .Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
#) cS6f]a/ ;f]djf/ M xf]6n k|sfz, d};'/
kmnkm"n yf]s ahf/ M laxfg bfh' / d xf]6nk5fl8sf] kmnkm"n yf]s
ahf/ x]g{ uof}F . /dfOnf] nfUof] . sfutLsf] ahf/dfq} klg ;fgf] /x]g5 . xfdL
j/k/ lgs}lt/ 3'Dof}F . s]xL kmf]6f] klg lnof}F . /dfOnf] eof] .
hugdf]xg cf6{ Uofn/L M gf} ah] a; cfOk'Uof] . xfdL rf/}hgf r9\of}F .
To;n] ;a}eGbf klxn] hugdf]xg cf6{ Uofn/L nUof] . xfdLnfO{ rfnL; ldg]6sf] ;do
lbOPsf] lyof] . cf6{ Uofn/Ldfq xf]Og of] t ljzfn snf ;ª\u|xfno /x]5 . zfxL
tl:a/, zfxL kf];fs, xftxltof/, afhfufhf / c¿ w]/}yf]s b]Vg kfOof] .
d};'/ lrl8ofvfgf M lrl8ofvfgf t hxfF uP klg p:t} g x'g\ . xfdLn]
lgs}j6f lrl8ofvfgf 3'd]sf 5f}F . ctM oxfFsf] lrl8ofvfgf 3'ld/xg' cfjZos
b]v]gf}F . e'jg]Zj/sf] gGbg sfgg, sfgk'/sf] sfgk'/ lrl8ofvfgf, nvgpmsf]
lrl8ofvfgf, bflh{lnªsf] lrl8ofvfgf, sf7df8f}Fsf] ;b/ lrl8ofvfgf / snsQfsf]
lrl8ofvfgf x]l/;s]sfn] / tLafx]s klg cg]s ;fgfltgf hGt' tyf kÔL ;+/Ô0f :yndf
3'ld;s]sfn] xfdL oxfFsf] lrl8ofvfgf ghfg] lg0f{o u/]sf xf}F . lrtjg /flÓ«o
lgs'~h, 7fs'/åf/f, /flÓ«o lgs'~h, z'SnfkmfF6f jGohGt' cf/Ô, sf];L 6Kk' jGohGt'
cf/Ôdfq xf]Og ;fgfltgf kÔL tyf hGt' ;+/Ô0f Ô]qdf xfdL 3'd]sf 5f}F . xfn} ef/t
pQ/k|b]zsf] sf;uGh lhNnfdf kg]{ z]vf kÔL ceof/0o 3'd]/ cfPsfn] ddf o;
lrl8ofvfgfsf] e|d0fdf ?lr lyPg .
t/ klg d};'/ lrl8ofvfgf cfkm}Fdf Ps cnu klxrfg ePsf] lrl8ofvfgf xf] .
>L rfd/fh]Gb| h'cf]nf]lhsn uf8]{g, cyf{t\ d};'/ lrl8ofvfgf d};'/sf ljz]if
cfsif{0fdWo] Ps xf] . of] ef/tsf ;a}eGbf k'/fgf lrl8ofvfgfdWo] Ps xf] . of]
lrl8ofvfgf /fhf rfd/fh]Gb| jfb]o/n] :yfkgf u/]sf x'g\ . of] ef/tsf cg]sf}F
hLjhGt', kG5L / hnk|f0fLx¿sf] 3/ xf] . oxfF clt ;fgfb]lv clt 7"nf;Dd
hgfj/, r/f, df5fx¿ ;'/lÔt 5g\ .
!%& Ps8df km}lnPsf] of] lrl8ofvfgf 3'Dgsf nflu kof{Kt ;do rflxG5 .
k}bn ofqf ug]{ xf] eg] tLg lsnf]ld6/ 3'Dg'kg]{ x'G5 . olb lxF8\g sl7g k5{ eg]
ToxfF pknAw On]lS6«sn sf/ r9]/ hfg klg kfOG5 . sf/sf nflu cnUu} l6s6 nfU5 .
e/;s k}bn} ;a}lt/ 3'd]sf] a]; . hgfj/x¿dWo] u}F8f, Pl;ofnL xfQL, lh/fkm, h]a|f,
lrt'jf, uf]l/Nnf, af3 / l;+x oxfFsf d'Vo cfsif{0f x'g\ .
sf/GhL tfn M lrl8ofvfgf 3'Dg'sf] ;f6f] glhs}sf] sf/GhL tfn / r/f
;+/If0f If]q x]g{ dg nfUof] . glhs} 5 eg]/ xfdL lxF8]/} Totf uof}F . sf/GhL tfn
d};'/df sd hflgPsf] 7fpF xf] . of] d};'/ lrl8ofvfgf glhs} 5 . tfnsf] jl/kl/
;'Gb/ kfs{ 5 hxfF ljljw k|sf/sf j[Ô–jg:klt 5g\ . sf/GhL tfn e|d0fsf b'O{ sf/0f
x'G5g\ M Ps, oxfF ug{ kfOg] gf}sfljxf/ . o; tfndf gf}sfljxf/ Ps ljlrq ;'vsf]
cg'ej x'g]5 . hLjg Psbd tgfjd'Qm agfpg oxfF ug{ kfOg] gf}sfljxf/sf] af/]df
;f]Rg ;lsG5 .
xfdLn] oxfFsf afF;, km"n / j[Ifx¿aLr cg]s kf]h kmf]6f] lvFRof}F .
lel8of] agfof}F . /dfOnf] eof] . oxfFsf] Pp6f lgod cgf}7f] nfUof] . s;}n]
kfgLsf] af]tn nUof] eg] u]6df af]tn leq nu]afkt b; ?lkofF w/f}6L /fVg'kbf{]
/x]5 . e/] kms{Fbf ;f] af]tn kmsf{O{ NofPdf ;f] w/f}6L /sd lkmtf{ kfOg] /x]5,
gq kfs{leq kmf]xf]/ 5f8]afktsf] hl/afgf x'g] /x]5 ;f] /sd .
oxfF ef/tsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] r/f ;+/Ô0f Ô]q PleP/L 5 . of] x]g{
;lhnf] 5, ;a}lt/ 3'dL3'dL x]g{ kfOG5 . oxfF cg]s hflt–k|hfltsf r/f 5g\ . tLdWo]
do"/n] xfd|f] dgnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L nf]EofpFb5 . xfdLn] t do"/nfO{ Psbd
glhs}af6 x]g{ kfof}F . aL;–tL; ldg]6sf] k|tLÔf ug'{xf];\, tkfO{F efUodfgL
x'g'x'G5 eg] do"/sf] ;'Gb/ g[To b]Vg kfpg'x'g]5 . of] b[Zo ctLj dgf]xf/L
x'G5 . c´ Zj]tdo"/ gflrlbof] eg] t tkfO{F v';Ln] cw{kfun g} x'g'x'g]5 .
xfdLn] t leq k:gf;fy lgs}j6f do"/sf] g[To b]Vg kfof}F .
;Ltf v';Ln] do"/em}F gflrg\ . pgn] clns k/ ePsf lgs}j6f
do"/nfO{ cfkm"lt/ af]nfOx]l/g\ . s'v'/f x'g\ / tL < sxfF cfpFy]
< pgn] do"/nfO{ km]l/ gfRg cg'goljgo ul/g\, s] ;'GYof] <
;]tf] do"/ gfr]sf] rflxF b]Vg kfOPg . do"/sf] :j/rflxF vf;}
;'dw'/ x'Fb}g /x]5 . o; pBfgsf] d'Vo cfsif{0f oxL r/f ;+/Ô0f Ô]q g} xf] .
kl/jf/sf ;fydf cfpFb} x'g'x'G5, afnaRrf klg ;fydf 5g\ eg] t ´g\ a];, afnaflnsf
t oxfF cfPkl5 slt xf] slt /dfpg]5g\ . afnaflnsfsf nflu v]Ng] 7fpF klg kof{Kt
5g\ . xfdL xtf/xtf/ lrl8ofvfgf kmls{xfNof}F, lsgeg] tf]lsPsf] ;dodf kms{]g eg]
a;jfnfn] xfd|f] ;ftf] lng ;SYof] .
cSjf jN8{ M lrl8ofvfgfs} 5]pdf nf]s/~hg cSjf jN8{ cG8/jf6/ h' 5 . of]
lrl8ofvfgf ;fgf] 5 / hnhGt'x¿, vf;u/L ;d'b|sf] ulx/f] v08df x'g] hnhGt'x¿sf] 3/
xf] of] . s;}n] klg Totf hfg] ?lr b]vfPg . xfdL uPgf}F .
rfd'08L kj{t M o;kl5 xfd|f] 6f]nL rfd'08L kj{tlt/ nfUof] . af6fdf
xf]6ndf vfgf vfg] s'/f lyof] t/ xfdL laxfg} 6Gg vfP/ lg:s]sfn] oxfF vfg'kg{]
lyPg . ;8s lsgf/sf] eP klg xf]6n eJo lyof] . vfgf kSs} /fd|f] lyof] xf]nf .
rfd'08L kj{t d};'/ l;6Lsf] cToGt dxŒjk"0f{ v08 xf] . o; :yfg;Fu
Pp6f a8f] rfvnfUbf] syf hf]l8Psf] 5 . dlxiff;'/ gfdsf] /fÔ; oxfF zf;g ub{Yof] .
d};'? ;x/sf] gfd ;f]xL /fIf;sf] gfdaf6 /x]sf] xf] . b'uf{sf] j|mf]wk"0f{ ¿k
rfd'08]Zj/L xf] . rfd'08L b]jLn] dlxiff;'/sf] jw ul/g\ . rfd'08]Zj/Lsf] dlGb/
Ps 8fF8fsf] 6'Kkfdf 5 . o; 8fF8fdf k'Ugsf nflu ;8sdfu{ 5 t/ ;8sdfu{ k|of]u
ug'{eGbf l;F9L r9\g' 7Ls x'G5 . o; dfu{df Ps xhf/ l;F9L 5g\ .
l;F9Ldfu{af6 ;x/sf] b[Zofjnf]sg cToGt dgf]xf/L x'G5 . cln dfly k'u]kl5
d};'/ b/af/ / nlnt dxn x]g{ sf]l;; ug'{xf]nf . xfdLrflxF l;F9L eP/ hfg kfPgf}F,
;dosf] ;Lldttfn] o;f] ug{ lbPg . 8fF8fsf] 6'Kkfaf6 ;fFemsf] ;dodf ;x/sf]
lemlnldnL x]g{df dhf 5, To;dfly d};"/sf] lemlnldnL t ljlrqs} x'G5, Tof]
8fF8faf6 x]g{ kfpg' 7"nf] cj;/sf] s'/f xf] .
dfly e|d0fsf nflu b'O{tLg 306f ;do /fVg'xf]nf . dfly 8fF8fdf k'u]kl5
;j{k|yd xfd|f cfFvfdf dlxiff;'/sf] ljzfn Zofdj0f{ ;flns b]vfkb{5 . d};'/ k'Ug]
hf]sf]xLn] klg oxfF uP/ dlxiff;'/sf] ljzfnsfo k|ltdfcufl8 kmf]6f] lvrfpg]
ub{5g\ . ;fj{hlgs labfsf] lbg / gj/fqdf oxfFsf] eL8 l5rf]lng;Sg' x'G5 . xfdL b;}Fsf]
dxfpT;j ;lsO;s]sf] / ;f]djf/sf] lbgdf e|d0f ug{ k'u]sfn] pQm kL8faf6 aRof}F . t/
xfdL dlGb/cufl8 k'Ugf;fy kfgL l56\ofpg yfNof] . s]xLa]/ l56\ofPkl5 kfgL yfldof]
. xfdLnfO{ o;n] vf;} afwf t k/]g, t/ e|d0f g} layf]Ng] kf] xf] ls eg]/ cflQof}F
. cTof;s} sf/0f dlGb/leq k;L bz{g ug{ 5f8]/ b]jLnfO{ aflx/}af6 k|0ffd u/L
kmls{of}F . dlGb/sf] b[Zofjnf]sg clg dlGb/cufl8 /flvPsf] ljzfn /ysf] cjnf]sg
ug{rflxF r's]gf}F .
ToxfF gl/jnsf] kfgL vfg]sf] eL8 klg cgf}7f] nfUbf] 5 . otf rf]sdf dlxiff;'/sf]
k|ltdf 5 t/ pSt /fIf; k|ltdf;Fu kmf]6f] lvRg kfpg} d'l:sn . aNnaNn kfnf] kfof]
. o;kl5 xfdL km';{t eof}F . clg xfdL bfh'efO ptf klZrdk6\l6sf] lrofk;nlt/
nfUof}F .
æxfdL pt} vfg], ltdLx¿sf nflu NofpFnf .Æ bfh'n] ;Ltf / efph"nfO{
lrof vfg] OR5f ePsf] / pxfFx¿ ghfg] / a;d} al;/xg] ePdf ToxLF NofOlbg] s'/f
ug'{eof] . k;ndf k'u]kl5 bfh' / d 5]pdf ePsf] Knfl:6ssf] s';L{df a:of}F . ;Ltf
/ efph" a;d} al;/xg'ePsf] lyof] .
o;}a]nf d]/f] kmf]g aHof] . o;f] x]/]F– c/ljGbhLsf] kmf]g sn /x]5 .
æxnf], c/ljGbhL Û gd:sf/ .Æ d}n] eg]F .
ægd:sf/ lbg]zhL Û Pp6f ;'vb va/ 5 .Æ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .
æcfxf Û nf} ;'gfOxfNgf];\ g t .Æ
d}n] d':sfpFb} eg]F . xfd|f aLr hlxNo} cª\u|]hLdf s'/fsfgL x'G5 . pxfFl;t
lrgf/L ePsf] klg nueu b; jif{ eof], km];a'sdf . To;a]nf glrg]sf dfG5]nfO{
k|m]G8l;k l/Sj]:6 k7fpg] / s;}n] k7fPdf :jLsf/ ug{] uy{]F d . km];a'sdf olt
w]/} ljs[lt / ck/fw al9;s]sf] lyPg, cyjf xfdL tL s'/fdf cgle1 g} lyof}F .
c1fgtfdf ;'v 5 .
oL b; jif{df xfd|f] e]6 ePsf] lyPg . t/ lg/Gt/ d];]h / lel8of] s'/fsfgL
ePsf] lyof] . 5 jif{hlt cl3 d}n] blIf0f ef/t 3'Dg kfP x'g] lyof] eg]/ dgsf]
rfxgf ;'gfPsf] lyPF .
æcfpgf];\ g t a}ª\Unf]/ . d cfkm}F ;alt/ 3'dfOlbG5' . O:sg dlGb/, l6k'
;'Ntfgsf] ;d/ Kofn];, nfnafu=== .Æ pxfFn] o:t}o:t} eGg'ePsf] lyof] .
To;sf] b'O{ jif{kl5 ofqf of]hgf klg aGof], t/ Tof] klg To;} t'lxPsf]
lyof] . o;n] xfdL b'O{nfO{ clns lg/fz klg agfPsf] lyof] .
clg o;kN6sf] of]hgf agfpFbf a}ª\Unf]/ / l;ª\u} s0ff{6ssf] af/]df
c/ljGbhLsf] ;Nnfx;d]t ljrf/ u/]/ agfPsf] lyPF . pxfF gf]s/Lsf] l;lN;nfdf
gf]P8fdf a:g] ePsfn] e]6 x'g ;Dej b]lvPsf] lyPg .
æd}n] 5'6\6L kfPF . !# tfl/vdf xfd|f] e]6 x'g ;Dej 5 .Æ pxfFn] ;'gfpg'eof]
. crfgs pxfFn] bLkfjnLsf] 5'6\6Ldf b'O{tLg lbg cgnfOg sfd ug{] u/L 5'6\6L
kfpg'ePsf] /x]5 . xfdL w]/} v';L eof}F .
æc/ljGbhL a}ª\Unf]/ cfpg] c/], t]x| tfl/vdf . xfdL ptf k'6\6ktL{af6
kms{Fbf e]6 x'g] eof] .Æ lrof lnP/ a;df r9\b} ubf{ d}n] ;LtfnfO{ ;'gfPF .
;Ltf v';L eOg\ . Ps}l5gdf ltgsf] v';L ufoa eOxfNof] . pgn] elgg\–
æpgLsxfF s;/L hfg] xf]nf . ofqf ubf{ubf{ n'ufkmf6f o:tf ePsf 5g\, z/L/ / ¿ksf]
ult o:tf] ePsf] 5 . s;/L hfg] xf]nf <Æ
æpxfFx¿nfO{ klg t yfxf x'G5 xfdL To; lbg ofqfsf] pgGtL;–tL; lbgdf
x'g]5f}F eGg] . lxFl8/xg] ePkl5 h:tf] eOG5, To:t} ¿k agfP/ hfg] lg . s]sf] 8/
<Æ d}n] eg]F .
æTof] t xf] .Æ pgn] elgg\ .
æofqfdf lxF8]sf xfdL, sxfF otfsf dfG5]sf 3/df hfg] < ghfcf}F .Æ
bfh'n] xfd|f aLrsf] s'/f ;'Gg'ePkl5 eGg'eof] . pxfFx¿nfO{ c;lhnf] nfUg'
:jfefljs lyof] .
æsxLF xf]6ndf e]6f}Fnf g .Æ d}n] cfZjf;gsf] efiff af]n]F .
Psl5gkl5 a; 33{/ ug{ yfNof] . rfd'08L kj{tsf] o; v08df kfgL cem} clncln
l56\ofO/x]sf] lyof] . xfdLn] kms{Fbf gGbL dlGb/ hfg' lyof] .
gGbL dlGb/ M oxfF ef/tsf] bf];|f] 7"nf] gGbL 5 . ;a}eGbf
7"nf] gGbL a[xbLZj/ dlGb/ -t]Ghf}/_, bf];|f] d};'/sf] of] gGbL, t];|f]
7"nf] gGbL a}ª\nf]/sf] lau a'n, rf}yf] 7"nf] n]kfIfLsf] gGbL .
o;kl5 oxfFsf] gGbL dlGb/ hfg'k5{ . t/ xfdL hfg] lbg af6f] dd{t x'Fb}
/x]5, ptf ;jf/L ;fwg hfg gkfpg] ePsfn] xfdL ptf hfg ;s]gf}F .
o;kl5 xfdL d};"/ b/af/sf] cjnf]sg e|d0f ug{ k'Uof}F . /ftdf
x]/]sf] b/af/ / lbgdf x]/]sf] b/af/df cfsfz–kftfnsf] km/s 5 . /ftdf xfdLn]
aflx/L lemlnldnLdfq b]Vg kfPsf lyof}F, / TolQn] dfq cfZro{rlst ePsf lyof}F . t/
oxfFsf] j}ej, snf, ;'/Iff k|aGw t ljZjs} cfZro{leq kg{] /x]5 . ljZjsf ;a}eGbf
;'Gb/ rf/–kfFr b/af/dWo] of] klg Ps /x]5 . crDd} ;'Gb/, eJo, snfk"0f{,
;kmf, ;'/Iffsf] lx;fan] k"0f{, wgL .
Toqf] ljzfn cfFug
5 b/af/sf], xfdL lbpF;f] k'Ubf k/]jfx¿
cfFugdf lyPgg\ . cfFug 7"nf] eP/ dfq gx'g] /x]5 k/]jfx¿ /dfpgsf nflu .
cfFugdf rf/f] 5l/lbg] klg sf]xL dfofn' dflg; rflxof] . d ToxfF gePsfn] ltgLx¿nfO{
rf/f] lbg] sf]xL geP/ xf]nf, tL k/]jf cGt} st} rf/f] vf]Hg pl8;s]sf lyP . e]6
ePg .
;]G6 lkmnf]d]gfsf] Sofy]8«n M clg ToxfFaf6 glhs}sf] ;]G6 lkmnf]ldgfsf]
Sofy]8«n x]g{ uof}F . ha d}n] ;]G6 lkmnf]d]gfsf] of] Sofy]8«n b]v]F, d]/f]
d'vaf6 km'lTsOxfNof]– æcfxf ÛÆ
d};'/d} d o'/f]ksf] s'g} s'gfdf k'u]sf] cg'e"lt ug{ nfu]F . d unt
lyOgF . ;+;f/df o; cfls{6]Sr/df ag]sf Sofy]8«n tLgj6f dfq 5g\ . ;]G6
lkmnf]d]gfsf] Sofy]8«n tL tLgdWo] Ps xf] .
d};'/ ;x/leq cjl:yt o; rr{sf] pFrfO nueu !&% lkm6 cUnf] 5 . o;sf]
cfsfzLo b[Zon] of] xf]nL j|m;sf] cfsf/df ag]sf] k|:6 kfb{5 . lbgsf] ljleGg
;dodf lgoldt ¿kdf k|]o/ eO/x]sf x'G5g\ . oxfF cfP/ o; rr{sf] ;'Gb/tf, eJotf,
ljzfntf, zflGt, cfWoflTdstf cflb cg'ej ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 . cfkm" kms]{/ hfFbf
:d/0fLo kmf]6f]x¿ klg lvr]/ nUg kfOxfNg'x'g]5 . rr{ laxfg kfFr ah]b]lv a]n'sf
cf7 ah];Dd v'nf /xFbf] /x]5 . xfdL a]n'sf rf/ ah]lt/ k'u]sf lyof}F . rr{sf]
kl/;/df kmf6\6km'6\6 dflg; lyP . k"/f rr{sf] kmf]6f] lngsf nflu xfdL
kl/;/aflx/ ;8sdf lg:Sof}F .
;lkª s]Gb| M o;kl5 Sofy]8«naf6 glhs}sf] ;lkª ;]G6/df k'Uof}F . of] ahf/
l;Ns / cGo sk8f, d};'/sf u/uxgf, ;f}Gbo{ k|;fwg cflb cg]s s'/fsf] cflwsfl/s
laqmL s]Gb| /x]5 . s}of}F ;/sf/L tyf ;fd'bflos ;+:yfsf pTkfbg klg oxfF /flvPsf
/x]5g\ .
l6k' ;'Ntfg d[To':yn, b/af/ / lsNnf M xfdLn] >L/ª\uk6gf hfg'cl3
af6}df l6k' ;'Ntfgsf] ljzfn lsNnfsf] eUg cjz]if b]Vof}F . lgs} cUnf] /
7"nf] /x]5 of] lsNnf . cfh klg pSt Wj:t lsNnfsf] cjz]ifn] Tof] sqf] lyof]
atfpg ;S5 . lsNnf sDtLdf Ps ju{lsnf]ld6/sf] lyof] eGg] b]lvG5 . sfj]/L
gbLk6\l6af6 oxfF eoª\s/ xdnf eP5 . a]nfotLx¿n] lsNnfnfO{ Wj:t kf/] . 7"nf]
;ª\Vofdf l6k' ;'Ntfgsf ljZjfl;nf ;}lgsx¿ xtfxt eP . l6k' ;'Ntfgsf] xf/ eof] .
pgsf] d[t z/L/ pgs} b/af/leq e]l6of] . cfh klg lsNnfsf] Ps efudf pgsf] eTs]/
v08x/ ePsf] pgsf] nfn dxn b/af/ 5Fb} 5 . pgsf] dxn slt 7"nf] lyof],
l;F9Lsf] eUgfjz]if x]/]/ cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . pgsf] d[t z/L/ k|fKt ePsf] :yfgnfO{
Pp6f :tDe uf8]/ lr/:yfoL agfOPsf] 5 . l6k' ;'Ntfg cToGt nf]slk|o zf;s lyP . pgL
Psdfq d'l:nd zf;s x'g\ h;n] lxGb"x¿dfly s'g} cltl/St cTofrf/ u/]gg\ . pgn]
k'n, af6f], afFw / l;FrfO cflbsf If]qdf sfd u/]sf lyP .
l6k' ;'Ntfgsf] d[To' ePsf] :yndf xfd|f] a; cfwf ldg]6dfq /f]lsof] .
sg{]n a]nLsf] e"ldut cfjf; x]g'{ lyof], l6k' ;'Ntfgsf] lsNnfdf
k:g] u'KtL åf/ x]g'{ lyof], oxfF cg]s d7 / dlGb/ 5g\ tL klg x]g'{ lyof], sfj]/L
3f6 klg x]g'{ lyof] . ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f, >L/ª\gfy:jfdLsf] k|l;4
dlGb/ g] x]g{ afFsL lyof] . t/ xfdL;Fu ;do lyPg . >L/ª\ugfy:jfdLsf] bz{g ug{
dfq ;Dej b]lvof] .
>L/ª\uk6gf M s0ff{6s /fHosf] d};"/af6 s]xL k/ dfG8\of lhNnfdf
cjl:yt >L/Ëgfy:jfdL dlGb/ >L/Ëk6gf ;x/df 5 . of] :yfg sfj]/L gy{ KjfOG6
/]nj] :6];gg]/ 5 . >L/Ë >Llji0f'sf Ps cjtf/ elgG5g\ . ef/tel/df /x]sf
lji0f'sf !)* cledfgÔ]qd\ -lbJob]zd\_ dWo] o;nfO{ Ps elgG5 . sfj]/L gbLlsgf/sf
kfFr j}i0fj tLy{dWo] of] Ps xf] . ef/tLo k'/ftŒj ljefusf cg';f/ of] dlGb/
O;fk"j{ (*$ df ag]sf] xf] . of] dlGb/ klZrd uËf /fhj+zsf gfoa lt?dn}ofn]
agfpg nufPsf x'g\ . sfj]/Llsgf/sf tL kfFr tLy{nfO{ blÔ0f ef/tsf k~r/ËÔ]qd\
elgG5 .
syfcg';f/ uf}td Clifn] lji0f' eujfg\sf] zogd'b|fsf] bz{g kfpmF egL oxfF
s7f]/ tk:of u/] . dxflji0f'n] /Ëgfy:jfdL cjtf/ wf/0f u/L oxfF cfO{ uf}td
ClifnfO{ bz{g lbg'eof] . uf}td Clifn] eujfg\;Fu k|fy{gf u/]– æx] k/d]Zj/ Û ca
xh'/n] oxLF jf; ul/lbg'xf];\ . cfufdL o'usf dfgjn] klg xh'/sf] bz{g kfpg
;s"g\ .Æ
uf}td Clifsf] laGtL 6fg{ g;s]/ k|e'n] oxLF crn eO{ kTy/¿k wf/0f
ug'{eof] . uf}td Clifsf sf/0f slno'usf dflg;n] klg >Llji0f'sf] bz{gsf]
;f}efUo kfPsf x'g\ . dlGb/sf] uf]k'/d\ ljzfn 5 . dlGb/jl/kl/ b'O{ juf{sf/ ljzfn
k|frL/ jf k|sf/ 5g\ . ue{u[xdf k'Ugsf nflu cg]s d08k eP/ hfg'k5{ . dlGb/sf cGo
;+/rgfx¿df ;'vfg;L -;fgf] k|tLÔfno_, d08k / d'vd08k cflb 5g\ . eujfg\
>Llji0f' cflbz]ifdf cf/fdk"j{s zogd'b|fdf x'g'x'G5 . z]ifgfusf ;ft
6fpsfn] k|e'sf] ;]jf u/]sf 5g\ . >Lb]jL, e"b]jL / a|áf klg bfofFafofF
x'g'x'G5 .
>L/ª\ugfy:jfdLsf k|d'v kfFr dlGb/x¿ M
s= cflb/Ë M
>L/Ëk6gf, dG8\of dWo/Ë M lzjfg;/Ë, dG8\of lhNnf, s0ff{6s, cGTo/Ë M >L/Ëgfy:jfdL dlGb/, lt?lr/fkNnL
v= ;/Ëkfl0f dlGb/ M s'Dasf]0fd\ u= >L cKks'0fsd\ M lt?lr/fkNnL
3= kl/dn /Ëgfyd\ k]?dn dlGb/ M OGbn'/, dlonfbt'/} ª= /Ëgfy dlGb/ M
g]Nnf]/
;fFem kg{ nfu]sf] lyof] t/ xfdLn] oxfF x]g'{kg{] 7fpFx¿ lgs} w]/} lyP .
d'Vo s'/f t >L/ª\uk6gf k'u]/ >Llji0f'sf] z]ifzfoL ¿ksf] bz{g ug{} lyof] .
xfdLl;t d'l:snn] cfwf 306f ;do lyof] / ljzfn dlGb/df bz{g kfpg' c;Dejk|foM
lyof] . wGg dlGb/sf] d"n9f]sf aGb x'g nfu]sf] / eSthgsf] 3'OFrf] sd ePsfn]
t'?Gt bz{g ug{ kfof}F . o'j/fh bfh'n] dlGb/sf] leqL v08df >L/ª\ugfydf ;dlk{t
zf:qLo g[Tosf] lel8of] lng Eofpg'eof] . d]/f] df]afOndf Aof6/L ;lsPsfn]
ToxfFsf] b[Zo Nofpg ;lsgF . ;Ltfsf] df]afOndf x]/]sf] t Pp6f kmf]6f], Tof] klg
dlGb/aflx/ gl/jnsf] kfgL a]Rg]x¿sf] dfq kmf]6f] /x]5 .
s[i0f/fhf ;fu/ afFw M d};"/af6 pQ/sf] s[i0f/fhf;fu/ (KRS) afFw x]g{ hfg' jf~5gLo 5 . sfj]/L gbLdf afFlwPsf] of] ljzfn afFw o;sf
;xfos gbLx¿ x]dfjtL / nId0ftLy{ gbL;lxtsf] lqj]0fLdf 5 . afFw !(!! df lznfGof;
/fvL !(#! df k"/f ul/Psf] xf] . o; afFwsf] lgdf{0fdf b; xhf/ dhb'/n]
lgoldt sfd u/]sf lyP . p; ;dodf ef/tdf l;d]G6 pTkfbg gePsfn] OF6sf 6'qmf /
;'v©af6 of] afFw afFlwPsf] xf] . o; afFwsf] lgdf{0faf6 nueu !),))) dflg;
lj:yflkt eP . t/ ;/sf/n] a]n}df ltgnfO{ plrt d'cfAhf tyf pko'Ï l;l~rt e"ld
lbO{ lj:yfkgsf] kL8f sd u/]sf] lyof] elgG5 .
s[i0f/fhf;fu/ afFw p; ;dosf d};'/ /fHosf /fhf s[i0f/fhf jflbo/n] agfpg
nufPsf x'g\ . o;sf] lgdf{0fdf !)# nfv ?lkofF vr{ ePsf] lyof] . rfnL; ld6/
cUnf], @^@) ld6/ nfdf] / !@( ju{ lsnf]ld6/ Ô]qkmndf hnfzo km}lnPsf] of] afFw
!(#@ df pb\3f6g eof] . k|l;4 OlGhlgo/ ;/ ljZj]Zj/of o;sf kl/sNkgfsf/ /
cfls{6]S6 x'g\ . pgL p;a]nf d};"/ l/of;tsf lrkm OlGhlgo/ lyP .
o;df $* j6f :jrflnt u]6 5g\ h;sf sf/0f afFwdf kfgL el/O{ cf]e/ˆnf] x'g
kfpFb}g . o; afFwn] dfG8\of / d};"/ lhNnfdf l;FrfOsf] sfd ub{5 . ;fy}
d};"/ ;x/, dfG8\of, a}ª\Unf]/ ;x/ / j/k/sf w]/} u|fdL0f Ô]qsf] vfg]kfgLsf]
;|f]t klg oxL xf] . of] afFw aGg'eGbf klxn] l6k' ;'Ntfgn] klg ;fgf]ltgf] afFw
afFWg nufPsf lyP elgG5, jf ltgsf] cfof]hgf k"/f geO{sg To;} t'lxPsf] xf],
To;afFwsf] lznfn]vafx]s afFw, gx/ cflb cGo k|df0f e]l6Fb}g . /ft kl/;s]sf]
x'gfn] xfdLn] o; afFwsf] eJotf, ljzfntf / ;'Gb/tfsf] cfgGb lng kfPgf}F, x]bf{
k/k/;Dd s'¿k cGwsf/dfq b]lvof] .
j[Gbfjg pBfgx¿ M o; afFw;Fu} Pp6f au}Frf klg agfOPsf] 5 M j[Gbfjg pBfg
. j[Gbfjg uf8]{G;nfO{ s0ff{6ssf ;'Gb/td pBfgx¿dWo] Ps eg]/ ulgG5 . pBfg hfg]
dfu{df h'g k'n 5 ToxfFaf6 afFwsf u]6x¿sf] eJo b[Zo x]g{ kfOG5, t/ ;fFem
kl/;s]sfn] xfdLn] rflxF o;sf] cfgGb lng kfPgf}F . oxfF cfOk'u]/ sDtLdf kfFr–b;
ldg]6 /f]lsg'xf]nf .
d};"/sf lbjfg ldhf{ O:dfOnn] ToxfFsf] pBfg agfpg nufPsf x'g\ .
j[Gbfjg pBfg 5'§Lsf cj;/df cToGt eL8ef8o'Qm x'G5 . t/ xfdL ;f]djf/ ;fFemdf k'u]sfn]
eL8 æ8/nfUbf]Æ lyPg, b'O{–tLg nfvdfq lyP dflg; . of] :yfgsf nflu sDtLdf tLgrf/
306f ;do 5'6Øfpg'k5{ . ;Dk"0f{ pBfg 3'Dgsf nflu uf]8f tof/, 3'F8f :j:y /
cfFt clnslt alnof] rflxG5, lsgeg] of] lgs} nfdf] / 7"nf] 5 . x/]s s'gfsf
cfˆgf–cfˆg} ljz]iftf ePsfn] s'g} klg v08 g3'dLsg lkmg'{ /fd|f] xf]Og . oxfFsf]
d'Vo cfsif{0frflxF a]n'sf ;ftb]lv cf7 ah] b]lvG5, ;fËLlts 5x/f . cfsfztkm{ kfgL
x'l/{P/ ljlrq /ª pTkGg u/fpg] of] kmfpG6]g x]g{sf nflu dflg; 6f9f6f9faf6
cfpF5g\ . o;sf] b[Zokfg hLjgsf ;'vb cg'e"ltdWo] Ps xf] .
ToxfFsf] ;ª\uLtdo jftfj/0f, pNnf;k"0f{ lrRofx6, /ª\uLg / ljlrqsf
lrq agfpFb} pn{g] 5x/f cflbn] dg df]lxt u5{ . oxLFsf] eL8df /dfpg dg x'G5 .
dflg; xif{df lrRofPsf], lzi6 ;ª\uLt ah]sf] / kmf]x/fsf] /ª clxn] klg
d]/f] x[bodf emª\s[t eO/x]sf] 5 . xfdLn] Do'lhsn kmfpG6]g x]l/;s]kl5 aflx/
lg:sFbf pl;g]sf ds} vfFb} kmSof}{F . v'a} /dfOnf] eof] . /ftsf] gf} aHg nfu]sf]
5, s'g d'n'sdf 5f}F, xf]6n klg sDtLdf tL; lsnf]ld6/ k/ 5, Tof] klg otfsf] af6f]
3'dfp/f] u|fdL0f ;8s xf] . t/ bfh'efph" / ;Ltfsf] cg'xf/df s'g} k|sf/sf]
lrGtfsf /]vf sf]l/Psf lyPgg\ . a8f] ;Gtf]if nfUof] . ;fFemsf] ;f9] gf} ah]lt/
dfq a;n] xfdLnfO{ kmsf{P/ xf]6ndf Nofof] . o;/L ofqfsf] kGw|f}F /ft klg xfdL
d};'/d} a:of}F M k|sfz /]lh8]G;L . of] xf]6n /]nj] :6];gaf6 k}bn b"/Ld} 5
.
s]/nf d;nf tyf cfo'j]{lbs pBfg M lgMz'Ns k|j]z, ufO8;d]t pknAw 5 .
xfdLn] o; :yfgdf hfg w]/} dg u/]sf lyof}F . t/ s;} u/] klg ;do ldnfpg ;s]gf}F .
cGTodf oxfFaf6 pTkflbt s]xL cfo'j{]lbs cf}iflwx¿ lsg]/ lrQ a'emfof}F .
and'/L / P8d'/L hnk|kftx¿ M ko{6s xf]pmg\ jf :yfgLo, oL b'O{ hf]8f
hnk|kftx¿ plQs} nf]slk|o 5g\ . oL ´/gf :yfoL xf]Ogg\ . and'/L ´/gf a9L nf]slk|o
5 . oxfF kfgLdf lxF8\g, sf]/fsn cyf{t\ rf]of cflbaf6 agfOPsf uf]nfsf/ 8'Ëfsf]
;o/ ug{ / df5feft vfg ;lsG5 . sf]/fsn ;o/ z'Ns k|ltJolQm krf; ?lkofF nfU5 .
oxfF hfg hltv]/} cg'dlt kfOG5, t/ ;fjwfgL ckgfpg'xf]nf, klxn]klxn] w]/}k6s
b'3{6gf 36]sf 5g\ . oxfF 3'Dg b'O{tLg 306frflxF 5'6Øfpg}k5{ . 6\jfOn]6, sk8f
km]g]{ sf]7f tyf vfglkgsf] Joj:yf /fd|f] 5 . oxfFg]/sf] u0f]z dlGb/ klg
k'Ug'xf]nf, eJo 5 eGg] ;'g]sf] 5' .
oxfFaf6 cfwf 306f sRrL af6f] lxF8\g tof/ x'g'x'G5 eg] P8d'/L ´/gfdf
k'Ug'x'g]5 . of] klg and'/L ´/gf´}F g} 5 t/ oxfF ;/;kmfO / cfwf/e"t
;'ljwfsf] cefj 5 . dflg;x¿ /S;L vfO/x]sf / kfgLdf plk|mO/x]sf b]lvg ;S5g\ .
kl/jf/sf ;fydf o:tf] 7fpFdf hfg s;}n] klg rfxFb}g, vf;u/L afnaRrf ;fydf 5g\ eg]
. xfdL g]kfnLsf nflu em/gfx¿ vf;} dxŒjsf x'Fb}gg\ . oLeGbf 7"nf7"nf
em/gf 5g\ xfdLsxfF, t/ ltgsf] b[Zofjnf]sg ug{ sf]xL hfFb}g .
/ª\ugfly66' kIfL ceof/0o M ef/tsf dxfg\ r/fljb\ ;lnd cnLsf] gfd t
;'Gg'ePs} xf]nf . pgL r/fsf] af/]df olt s'zn / ljåfg\ lyP ls pgnfO{ æa8{Dofg
ckm OlG8ofÆ cyf{t\ ef/tsf] r/fljb\ elgG5 . ef/tLo r/fju{sf] Jojl:yt cWoog,
ju©s/0f, ;'/Ôf / pkof]usf ;d'lrt pkfo cflbaf/] pgn] klxnf] k6s ljzb\ cWoog u/]
. ;g\ !(!^ df pgsf] gfddf Pp6f r/fsf] gfd g} /flvof]– h'cf]y]/f] ;lndcnL .
;lnd cnLn] /Ëgfly6\6'df cg]s k/b]zL r/f b]v] . pgn] d};'?sf /fhfnfO{
/Ëgfly6\6'nfO{ r/f ;+/Ô0f Ô]qsf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ ;xdt u/fP . tkfO{F r/fk|]dL
x'g'x'G5 eg] t ;lSsuf] lg, oxfF p8]/ cfpg'xf];\ . x]gf]{;\, d z]vf kÔL ceof/0o
xfn} 3'd]sf] dflg;, km]l/ klg oxfF t k'Ug}kg]{ b]V5' . oxfF hfg ;a}eGbf pko'Qm
;dorflxF k';b]lv kmfu'g xf] . k/b]zL r/f x]g]{sf nflu k';b]lv kmfu'g pQd,
:yfgLo r/fdfq x]g{ dg eP j}zfv–h]7 .
d}n] z]vf kÔL ceof/0osf] s'/f o; ofqfljj/0fsf] ;'?d} n]v]sf] 5', k'gM
x]g'{eP a]; . oxfFsf a8]a8] r/fx¿ x]/]/ bË} kl/g]jfnf 5 . cg]s dflg;n] eGg]5g\–
lsg hfg'k¥of] a]sf/df, s] 5 / /Ëgfly6\6'df < pgLx¿n] o;f] eGg'df b'O{ sf/0f
k|d'v 5g\ M of t oL ;fdfGo ko{6s x'g\ h;n] ;xL ck]Ôf u/]s} lyPgg\, of t tL unt
;dodf cfOk'u] .
oxfF gf}sfljxf/sf] ;'ljwf 5 . gf}sf r9]/ r/fsf] a9L glhs k'Ug tyf
glhsaf6 :kÓ kmf]6f] lvRg ;lsG5 .
d}n] x[boaf6} o; :yfgsf] aofg t u/]F t/ xfdL oxfF hfg ;s]gf}F .
d"n s'/f d cfkm}F sf];L 6Kk'df, z]vf kIfL ceof/0odf / ah'{ tfndf r/f
cjnf]sg ul/;s]sf] dfG5], d]/f nflu ltgsf] dxŒj clns sd 5, cyjf x'g;S5
r/fk|ltsf] ?lrdf sdLsf] sf/0f o:tf] nfu]sf] xf] .
nlnt dxn M d};'/sf] nlnt b/af/sf] s'/f cl3 klg cfO;s]sf] 5 . /sLh
Sof;nsf] s'/f s]hLPkm d'eLdf cfO;s]sf] 5M nlnt dxn . of] b/af/ w]/} d'eLx¿sf]
;'l6ª :k6 ag]sf] 5 . ev{/}sf] Ansa:6/ d'eL s]hLPkm To:tf cg]s d'eLdWo] Ps xf] .
of] dxn d};'/sf] bf];|f] 7"nf] dxn xf] . o; b/af/nfO{ clxn] Ps ljnf;L
xf]6nsf] ¿kdf kl/jt{g ul/Psf] 5 . t/ oxfF a:gsf nflu tkfO{Fn] ljnf;L vr{
ug'{kb}{g . oxfF a:g rfxg] xf] eg] ?= #)))–%))) aLrsf] d"Nodf Ps /ft
latfpg kfOg]5 . xf]6n a's ug'{ePsf] 5}g eg] klg of] b/af/ e|d0f ug{ afwf kg]{5}g
. b/af/ Ô]qsf] k|j]z z'Ns ? !)) k5{ / b/af/sf] ;d:t kl/;/, b/af/sf] e'OFtnf,
l:jldª k'n Ô]qsf] e|d0f ug{ kfOG5 . tkfO{FnfO{ :jfutfy{ lgMz'Ns lrof klg
v'jfOg]5 .
b/af/ leq–aflx/ ;a}lt/ cToGt ;'Gb/ 5 . tkfO{F l;h{gzLn kmf]6f]u|fkm/
x'g'x'G5 eg] cToGt nf]enfUbf b[Zox¿ s}b ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 . 8LP;Pncf/ Sofd/fsf]
cg'dlt z'Ns !%) b]lv Sofd/fsf] Sjfln6Lcg';f/ a9\b} hfg]5 . sltkosf] gh/df olt
w]/} z'Ns lt/]/ kfpg] s'/f] s]xL x'Fb}g . pgLx¿ o; b/af/sf] e|d0f g} Joy{sf]
Joo eG7fG5g\ .
cDaf ljnf; b/af/sf] e|d0f xfdLn] cl3Nnf] ;fFem / ef]lnkN6 ck/fx\gdf
ul/;s]sf x'gfn] To;eGbf sd rlr{t b/af/ x]g{ s] hfg' eGg] eP/ xfdL t uPgf}F,
oxfFx¿ hfg'eof] eg] xfdLn] s]s] u'dfP5f}F, eGg'xf]nf .
j]0f'uf]kfn:jfdL dlGb/ / s]cf/P; Aofsjf6;{ M tkfO{Fn] ef/tel/ 3'd]/ b]Vg'ePsf s'g} klg dlGb/eGbf of] cnUu 5 . of] lsg xf]nf eGg] s'/f hfGg rfx]df o;sf] Oltxf; vf]tNg'k5{ . of] dlGb/ afx|f}F ztfAbLdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] . ha !()( df s]cf/P; afFw aGof] of] ;d:t e"efu kfgLdf 8'Aof] . sGg8 d'eL ærGb| rsf]/LÆ sf] s's's'x"
sf]lun] uLt ;D´g'x'G5 eg] To;
uLtdf pQm 8'a]sf] dlGb/ /fd|/L b]vfOPsf] 5 . ef/tsf ljVoft JolQm >Lxl/
vf]8]n] pQm hn;dflw:y dlGb/nfO{ :yfgfGtl/t u/L;f]xL cfls{6]Sr/sf] cfwf/df
k'gMlgdf{0f u/fpg] c7f]6 u/] . d"n dlGb/sf ltg} 9'Ëf k|of]u u/L h:tfsf]
t:t} dlGb/ csf]{ 7fpFdf gofF lgdf{0f ug'{ rfgr'g] sfd lyPg . >Lxl/ vf]8]n]
o; sfdsf nflu rflxg] Ps–Ps k};f cfˆg} ;|f]taf6 vr{ u/] . of] of]hgf k"0f{
ug{ nueu rf}w jif{ nfUof] . b'Mvsf] s'/f, of] dlGb/sf] lgdf{0fsfo{ k"0f{
x'g'eGbf Ps jif{cl3 g} vf]8]sf] b]xfGt eOxfNof] .
gjlgld{t dlGb/ klxn]sf] :yfgeGbf nueu kfFr ;o ld6/ b"/Ldf s]cf/P;
afFwg]/ 5 . o; dlGb/sf] tLglt/ hnn] 3]/]sf] 5 . kfZj{df ljzfn hn/flz eP/ klg
of] dlGb/ cToGt eJo nfUb5 . oxfF k|j]z z'Ns nfUb}g . 3'Dgsf nflu Ps–8]9 306f
nfUb5 . dlGb/leq kmf]6f] lvRg dgfxL 5 t/ dlGb/ kl/;/ / aflx/sf] b[ZofÍg g} klg
hLjgsf :jflbnf Ô0fx¿sf] /]s8{ aGb5 .
v]b 5, xfdLn] o; :yfgsf] cjnf]sg ko{6g ug{ kfPgf}F .
#! cS6'a/, dª\unjf/ . k|sfz, d};'/
kf}8]n
j+zfjnLsf cg';f/ ltlyldlt;lxt :ki6 ug{ ;lsg] cyf{t\ Oltxf;l;4 k"j{h
;f]dgfy cfq]o -hGd lj=;+= %@)_ x'g\ . k|sf08 ljåfg\ Oltxf;sf/ afns[i0f kf]v/]nåf/f
k|:t't k|fdfl0fs clen]v x]/f}F M
æcfq]ox¿sf]
P]ltxfl;stf klxNofpg] qmddf ;f]dgfy cfq]o -lj=;+= %@)_ nfO{ cfq]ox¿sf P]ltxfl;s
d"n k'?if dflgPsf] 5 . ca cfq]ox¿ j+zfjnLsf] ;f]kfg r9\b} ;f]dgfy;Dd
k'Ug;Sg] ePsf 5g\ . o; sfo{af6 ======= cfq]o uf]q wf/0f ug{] ;a}nfO{ cfcfkm\gf]
j+zfjnLdf hf]8\g ;/n ePsf] 5 . ;f]dgfy cfq]osf] hGd lj=;+= %@) lt/ s0ff{6ssf]
d};'/df ePsf] lyof] . logL k|ltxf/j+zL uf}h{/ a|fx\d0f lyP . logL lgs} wgjfg\
lyP . logn] u'h/ftsf] ;f}/fi6«df ;f]dgfysf] eJo dlGb/ agfPsf lyP / To;df
Hof]ltln{ª\usf] :yfkgf u/]sf lyP . sfa]/L gbLsf] afofF lsgf/df æ;f]dgfyk'/d\Æ
gfds gu/ klg log}n]
a;fn]sf lyP . logL Hof]ltln{ª\usf] lgTo k"hf ug{] uy{] . -kf}8]n j+zfjnL
@)^)M !*)_Æ
j+zfjnLdf pNn]v ul/Psf] ;f]dgfyk'/d\ d};'/ ;x/af6 nueu $) lsnf]ld6/ k/ 5
. of] kljq sfj]/L gbLsf] afofF lsgf/ cyf{t\ d};'/af6 kfl/ kbf{] /x]5 . w]/}
;docl3b]lv dnfO{ ToxfF k'Ug kfP x'GYof] eGg] nfUYof] . d};'/sf] ofqfsf nflu
5'6\6\ofOPsf] ;doaf6 cfwf lbg lgsfn]/ d ToxfF hfg OR5's ePF . d]/f] OR5f a'em]/
;Ltf, o'j/fh bfh' / efph"n] ;fy lbg'eof] . To;f] t sxLF klg pxfFx¿n] ljdlt
hgfpg'ePsf] 5}g, lyPg klg . lsgeg] ofqfsf] ljifodf, oxfFsf :yfgsf] ljifodf
d]/f] cWoog / ?lr kof{Kt 5 eGg] pxfFx¿nfO{ ljZjf; lyof], d}n] 5fg]sf] nlIft
:yfg kSs} ljj]s k'¥ofP/ / ;jf{]Qd lxt ;f]r]/ 5fg]sf] x'g'k5{ eGg] pxfFx¿sf]
e/f];f lyof] . t/ ;f]dgfyk'/d\ ofqfdfu{df kb{}gYof], k"j{of]hgfdf
kb{}gYof] / ljZjdfglrqdf k6Ss} b]lvFb}gYof] . o:tf] :yfgsf nflu cfwf lbg vr{g'
vf;} cy{k"0f{ x'Fb}g ls eGg] pxfFx¿ / dnfO{ klg nfu]s} lyof] . t/
k"j{h ;f]dgfyn] :yfkgf u/]sf] ;x/ x]g{ hfg' d]/f nflu ;dosf] ;b'kof]u g}
x'g] lyof] .
ctM xfdL laxfg ;ft ah]lt/} ;f]dgfyk'/sf nflu k|:yfg u¥of}F . oxfF
hfg'cl3 a]n'sf d}n] stfaf6 hfg] xf], s]s] x]g{] xf] OG6/g]6df vf]hL u/]/ clnslt
eP klg ;"rgf a6'n]sf] lyPF . o'6\o'adf s]zjb]jfnosf] lel8of] lyof] . Tof]
x]/]F . ;f]dgfyk'/df klg o'6\o'adf /fVg nfos s'g} ;fdu|L tof/ ug{] ejg 5 eGg]
yfxf kfPkl5 clnslt eP klg d]/f] dg v';L eof] .
cf7 ah]lt/ l;6L a; :6kdf uof}F . ToxfFaf6 ;Gt]dnf ufpF;Dd a; hfg] /x]5
. x'g t of] af6f] u|fdL0f ;8s xf] . ;8ssf bfofFafofF a8]a8] v]t / ;fgfltgf
sf/vfgf 5g\ . v]t klg s] eGg', af/Lh:tf 5g\ . otf wfgsf] v]tL b]lvPg . w]/}lt/
xfdLn] gfd ghfg]sf s[lifafnL b]lvP . st} l;dnt?n / afh/f b]lvP, t st} hjf/ /
sf]bf]h:tf] afnL b]lvP . st}st} pv'v]tL klg b]lvP, cfFksf aufgrflxF htftt} /x]5g\
. otfdfq xf]Og, cl:t a}ª\Unf]/af6 otf d};'/ cfpFbf klg ;a} 7fpFdf cfFksf aufg
b]lvPsf lyP . otfsf] af6f] /fd|f] 5, ;f]emf] klg 5 . a;df Pp6L ;fgL s]6L;Fu
;Ltf af]Nb} lyOg\ .
æoxfF sn]hdf k9\b} /lx5g\ .Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ . Tof] s]6L lxGbL af]Ng hflGb
/lx5 .
æotfsf dfG5] lxGbL hfGb}gg\, t/ ltdLn] s;/L l;Sof} <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
æd lejfG8Ldf hGd]sL x'F lg t . lejfG8L sxfF 5 xh'/nfO{ yfxf 5 <Æ
æyfxf 5 . Tof] ;fgf] ;x/ aDaO{g]/ k5{ . sNof0faf6 clnslt pQ/–klZrddf
k5{, x}g t < ls k'0f]sf] 5]pdf xf] <Æ
æcfDd} Û xh'/nfO{ ;a yfxf /x]5 . k'0f]sf] 5]pdf xf]Og, sNof0fs} 5]pdf
xf] . k'0f]sf] 5]psf] ;x/ t leG8 xf] Sof/ . d lejfG8Ldf hGd]sL x'F . clu
cfG6Ln] ;f]Wg'eof], d}n] aDaO{ eg]F . aDaO{ t xfd|f] 3/af6 krf; lsnf]ld6/ k5{ .
otfsf dfG5]nfO{ aDaO{ eGof] eg] dfq s'/f] a'em\5g\, To} eP/ lg .Æ
æleG8 t ptf Ujflno/g]/ kf] 5 t Û k'0f]sf] 5]pdf sxfF x'g' <Æ d
xfF;]F .
æxf] < d w]/} eof] otf cfPsf] . ptfsf] t plt d]nf] klg kf] kfpFlbgF
.Æ
ælsg otf cfPsL lg < sn]h /f]Hgs} nflu t kSs} xf]Og xf]nf . ls
afaf–dDdL ot} a:g'x'G5 <Æ
ædDdL pt} ufpFdf a:g'x'G5 . afaf oxfF sfd ug'{x'G5 . km\ofS6/Ldf . To}
eP/ :s'n pt} k9]sL . lxGbL klg pt} l;s]sL . oxfF t sGg8f efiff rN5 . afaf oxfF x'g'ePsfn]
d otf cfPF . afafnfO{ laxfg–a]n'sf ;lhnf] x'G5 lg t . d vfgf agfpF5' .Æ
æ/fd|f] . cF, clxn] xfdL ;f]dgfyk'/f hfg lxF8]sf . a; sxfF km]g'{ 7Ls
xf]nf < aGg'/df pqg] ls ;Gt]dnfdf <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
æaGg'/af6 a; kfOFb}g . ;Gt]dnfd} emg'{xf]nf . d klg ;Gt]dnf;Dd hfg] x'F
. d]/f] sn]h ToxLF 5 . ;Fu} cf]nf{}Fnf g, s] ef] / <Æ p;n] egL .
s]6L sfnL / lvGofp6L lyO{ / pd]/ x]/L lgs} ;fgL clg slnnL nfUg] klg .
t/ p;sf] d':sfg v'n:t lyof] . :ki6 / cfTdljZjf;sf ;fy af]NyL pm . cfTdljZjf;
ePsf] dflg; /fd|f] b]lvG5 . o; s]6Lsf] h:tf] d':sfg x'g] dflg; cem /fd|f]
b]lvG5 .
æ5f]/L, ltdL sxfF s] k9\b} 5f} <Æ ;Ltfn] ;f]lwg\ .
æd oxfFsf] ;/sf/L sn]hdf k9\5' . lk|–o'lgel;{6L sn]h xf] . Aofrn;{
n]endf .Æ
ædfG5] x]bf{ t Psbd slnnL b]lvG5f} x} ÛÆ d}n] xfF:t} eg]F .
pm d':sfO{ .
sfj]/L gbLg]/ k'Uof}F . gbLlsgf/df pv'sf] ljzfn v]tL /x]5 . k'naf6
x]/]F, gbLdf kfgL Psbd sd 5 . sfnf]d}nf] kfgL Psbd sd aUb} 5 . k'nrflxF lgs} nfdf]
/x]5 .
æoqf] k|l;4 gbL, kfgL rflxF slt sd <Æ
æo;kfln kfgL k/]s} 5}g cª\sn . wGg olt eP klg kfgL aUb} kf] 5 t .
sxfFaf6 kfgL xf];\, jiff{ g} gePkl5, x}g <Æ
æxf] .
Æ d}n] eg]F . t/ d b'Mlvt lyPF, Toqf] dxfg\ gbLdf aUgsf nflu kfgL g} lyPg
. kfl/k6\l6rflxF ;j{q wfg v]tL /x]5 .
;Gt]dnfsf] 7"nf] / Jojl:yt a; :6kdf uPkl5 a; /f]lsof] . sG8S6/n]
xfdLnfO{ cf]n{g O;f/f u¥of] . s]6L xfdL;Fu} cf]nL{ . p;n] a; cl8g] 7fpF b]vfO{
clg labf dfu]/ sn]hlt/ lxF8L . oxfFaf6 ;f]dgfyk'/sf nflu csf{] a; kqmg'kg{]
/x]5 . rf/}lt/af6 a; cfpFy] / hfGy] . t/ xfd|f nflu a; cfPg . emGg} Ps 306f
TolQs} a:of}F .
ufpFsf] a; :6k eP klg oxfF ;fj{hlgs rkL{, km/flsnf] a; :6k / 5fgf] clg
s';L{x¿ ePsf] v'nf ofq'–k|tLIffno klg 5 . Totfsf a;sf] gfd k9\g g;lsg] / efiff
clncln klg ga'lemg] x'gfn] a; cfpFb}lkR5] sfpG6/sf] dfG5]lt/ x]g{'kYof]{ . p;n]
of] xf]Og eGg] efjdf 6fpsf] xNnfPkl5 km]l/ lg/fz x'g'kYof]{ . cGTodf Pp6f vfnL
a; cfof] . of]rflxF ;f]dgfyk'/ g} hfg] /x]5 . 9'Ss eof] .
xfdL ;f9] gf} aHg nfUbf ;f]dgfyk'/df a;af6 cf]ln{of}F . ufpFsf 3/ k|foM
OF6n] ag]sf Pstn] / 5fgf] vk8fsf lyP . s'g}s'g} 3/ kSsL 5fgf ePsf klg lyP .
ufpF eP klg 3/x¿ afSn} x'g\ . ;DejtM of]hgfa4 cfjf;If]q xf]nf of] . ptf
blIf0fk6\l6rflxF clns lgs} k'/fgf 3/ b]lvP . ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno, km/flsnf] ;8s /
uf8L kfls{ªsf nflu km/flsnf] kSsL 7fpF . s]xL sf/ cfP/ oxfF cl8Psf lyP . Pp6f
7"nf] a; x'OFlsP/ cfof], Ps kmGsf 3'Dof] / cl8of] .
æefO, oxfF t z}lIfs e|d0f 6f]nL klg cfpFbf] /x]5 .Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
ljBfyL{x¿sf] z}lIfs e|d0f 6f]nL /x]5 . /fd|f] nfUof] .
æo:tf] ufpFdf s] x]g{ cfPsf xf]nfg\ <Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
æu|fdL0f ko{6g xf]nf .Æ d}n] eg]F .
lrof, sk8f, So'l/of] / ls/fgf ;fdfgsf s]xL k;n /x]5g\ . xfdL uf8L kfs{
ug{] 7fpFdf k'Ubf Pp6f ljzfn If]qnfO{ sDkfpG8 jfnn] 3]l/Psf] b]Vof}F .
kvf{nglhs} b'O{ kSsL vDafn] c8\ofPsf] kSsL af]8{ /x]5 . To;df n]lvPsf] /x]5– æ;f]dgfyk'/Æ
.
d]/f] dg k'nlst eof] . lktfk'vf{sf] lrgf] ePsf] 7fpFdf cfpg ;s]sf]
v';Ldf d]/f] x[bo gfRof] . xfdLn] To; gfdkf6L;Fu lgs}j6f kmf]6f] lvRof}F .
To; sDkfpG8 jfnleq x]bf{ Psbd km/flsnf] / ;'Gb/ rp/ /x]5 . kfs{h:tf]
klg 5 .
æklxn] lrof vfcf}F .Æ o'j/fh bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
xfdL glhs}sf] lrofk;nlt/ nfUof}F . k;ncufl8 xf]rf]xf]rf] t/ em\ofDd
k/]sf] :yfgLo hftsf] Pp6f ¿v lyof] . xfdL To;sf] 5fofdf /flvPsf Knfl:6ssf
s';L{df a:of}F .
bfh'n] lrof c8{/ ug'{eof]– ærf/ sk lrof . la:s'6 5 <Æ
k;n]n] eGof]– æla:s'6 5 . sltj6f lbpFm <Æ
bfh'n] xftsf rf/ cf}Fnf b]vfP/ rf/cf]6f la:s'6 dfUg'eof] . lrof /
la:s'6 vfFb} xfdL b; ldg]6hlt cf/fd u/]/ ToxLF a:of}F . df};d udL{ lyof] / 3fd
s8f lyP .
lrofla:s'6kl5 xfdL u]6leq k:of}F . Pp6f ;"rgf kf6Ldf sGg8f, lxGbL
/ cª\u|]hLdf s]xL n]lvPsf] lyof] . s] /x]5 eg]/ d 5]pdf k'u]F . k|j]z z'Ns
n]v]sf] /x]5 M ef/tLosf nflu k|ltJolSt ?= @).–
ljb]zLsf nflu k|ltJolSt ?= @%).–
kGw| jif{d'lgsf afnaflnsfsf nflu k|j]z lgMz'Ns .
xfdLn] of] ;"rgf k9\g'cufj} g]kfnaf6 cfPsf elg;s]sf lyof}F .
xfdLnfO{ ljb]zLsf] bhf{df /fVof] eg] olt dxFuf] z'Ns lt/]/ k:g ;lsFb}gYof],
oxfF x]g'{kg{] s'/f To:tf] s] xf]nf / < olt leqL ufpFdf bz{g ug{}kg{] dlGb/
jf x]g{}kg{] lsNnf, b/af/ cflb x'g] ;Defjgf lyPg . csf{] ;d:of cfOnfUof]– l6s6 t
cgnfOg dfq kfOg] /x]5 . xfdL cgnfOg ltg{ ;St}gYof}F .
clu cfPsf] a;af6 Ps x"n ljBfyL{ sDkfpG8 jfnleq k;] . lognfO{ lnP/ s]xL
lzIfs klg cfPsf /x]5g\ . pgLx¿l;t l6s6 sfl6b]nfg\ ls eg]/ d2t dflux]¥of}F .
æPsl5g x} t . klxn] xfd|f] 6f]nLsf ljBfyL{ / lzIfssf] l6s6sf] sfds'/f
;sf}F, clg oxfFx¿nfO{ d2t u/f}Fnf .Æ ltgn] eg] .
Ps hgf ;'/Iff uf8{n] xfd|f] ;d:of ;'Gof] .
æg]kfnaf6 cfpg'ePsf] <Æ p;n] xfdL b'O{ bfO–efOsf 6f]kL b]v]/ ;f]Wof]
.
æxf] . xfdL g]kfnaf6 cfPsf . e|d0f ug{ . g]kfnL ko{6s .Æ bfh'n] v';L
x'Fb} eGg'eof] . dnfO{ rflxF ca cem kml;of] h:tf] nfu]/ cfof] .
t/ To; uf8{n] eGof]– æp M Tof] dflg;;Fu s'/f ug'{xf];\ . oxfFsf] lkog
xf] Tof] . p;n] ltl/lbof] eg] tkfO{Fx¿n] k|j]z kfOxfNg'x'g]5 lg .Æ
xfdL b'j} To; lkognfO{ e]6\g sfof{noleq uof}F . sfof{nodf pmdfq lyof] .
d}n] eg]F– æxfdL rf/ hgf 5f}F . s;}sf] klg a}ª\s vftfdf k};f 5}g . xfd|f]
k};f ltl/lbg'xf];\ g . d gub lbg ;S5' .Æ d}n] eg]F .
p;n] eGof]– æc;L ?lkofF nfU5 rf/ hgfsf] .Æ
d}n] c;L ?lkofF xftdf ydfPF . p;n] xfd|f nflu cgnfOg l6s6 sfl6lbof] .
;d:of xn eOxfNof] . sn]hsf ljBfyL{x¿eGbf cufl8 g} xfdL ptf rp/sf] aLr}aLr hfg]
af6f] eP/ leq uof}F .
ækSs} s]xL ljz]if 5 oxfF . gq k|j]z z'Ns gnfUg'kg{] .Æ d}n] bfh'nfO{
eg]F .
æTo} t eGof . o:tf] ufpF 5, t/ l6s6 rflxF cgnfOg ltg'{kg{] . o:tf] t
sxLF b]v]sf lyPgf}F .Æ bfh'n] xfF:t} eGg'eof] .
Ps}l5gdf xfdL Pp6f xf]rf]xf]rf] dlGb/df k'Uof}F . Psbd sfnf 9'ª\ufsf]
dlGb/ /x]5 . of] dlGb/ j/k/sf] hldgeGbf lgs} xf]rf] e'OFdf /x]5 . xfdL cf]n{Fb}
To; dlGb/sf] d"nåf/df k'Uof}F . Psbd eJo / s8f 9'ª\ufsf] dlGb/ b]lvof] .
leq k:of}F . v'a} ;'Gb/ . xfdL kmf]6f] lvRg eg]/ otf / ptf bf}l8g
yfNof}F . sn]hsf] 6f]nL ;/f;/ leq k:of] / a8f] cg'zf;gk"j{s dlGb/cufl8
kmf]6f] lng tof/ eof] .
pgLx¿;Fu} xfdLn] klg kmf]6f] lvRof}F . d};"/sf] Ps sn]hsf] z}lIfs
e|d0f 6f]nL /x]5 . s]6fs]6Lx¿nfO{ xfdLn] xfd|f] 6f]nLsf] kmf]6f] klg
lvrfOdfUof}F . /dfOnf] eof] .
æd ;f]dgfyk'/sf ;+:yfks / d};"/ b/af/sf /fhu'? dxfkl08t ;f]dgfy
cfq]osf] ;Gtlt x'F . pgsf ;Gtltdf d krkGgf}F k':tfsf] x'F . ;f]dgfy cfq]o
d};"/ b/af/df ljqmd ;+jt\ %@) df hGd]sf lyP . ljqmd ;+jt\ O{:jL ;+jt\eGbf
%& jif{hlt h]7f] 5 . clxn] @)*) ;fnsf] ;ftf}F dlxgf sflt{s xf] .Æ
æg]kfnL x'F eGg'x'G5 clg o; hldg;Fu gftf klg b]vfpg'x'G5 .Æ pgn] crDd
dfGb} eg] .
æpxfFkl5 ;QfO; k':tf ef/td} a;] . To;kl5 g]kfnsf s'g} /fhfsf] cg'/f]wdf
Ps hgf k"j{h /fhu'?sf] kb kfO{ ptf nfu]sf . g]kfn k;]sf] klg c6\7fO;
k':tfdf d hGd]sf] . To;}n] d g]kfnL .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æef/tLo x'g kfpFbf a]; ls g]kfnL x'g kfpFbf a]; <Æ
æef/tLosf nflu ef/tLo x'g kfpFbf a]; . xfdL g]kfnLsf nflu uj{, ;'v /
;Gt'li6 g]kfnL x'g'df 5 .Æ d}n] hafkm lbPF .
ætkfO{F cfkm\gf k"j{hsf] e"ldsf / e"ldsf] cWoog ug{
cfpg'ePh:tf] 5 . of] s'/f d]/f ljBfyL{nfO{ ;'gfpg kfP v'a /fd|f] x'g] lyof] .Æ
pgn] eg] .
t/ ljBfyL{x¿ clxn] 5/:k:6 ePsf lyP . ;a} ljZj;Dkbf ;"rLdf
;"rLs[t o; k|frLg dlGb/sf] bz{g / e|d0fdf cfpg'sf] v';Ldf efjflt/]sn]
t/ª\lut lyP . d]/f] s'/f ;'Gg sf]xL tof/ b]lvPg .
s]xLa]/kl5 ljBfyL{x¿sf] Ps em'G8n] d;Fu kmf]6f] lvlrdfUof] . d}n] xftdf
rf/kfFrj6f df]afOn lnPF, / PsPs u/L kmf]6f] lvRb} uPF . To;}a]nf tL lzIfs
cfOk'u] . pgn] d sf] x'F / ;f]dgfyk'/ lsg cfPsf] x'F eg]/ atfP . ljBfyL{x¿sf]
dk|lt efj ablnof] . pgLx¿ dnfO{ ljz]if ;Ddfgsf ;fy x]g{ yfn] .
pgLx¿ lg:s]kl5 ;Dk"0f{ kl/;/df zflGt km}lnof] . xfdL c¿ s]xLa]/
ToxLF cNdlnof}F .
o; dlGb/sf] gfd r]Ggs]zj dlGb/ /x]5 . t/ oxfFsf dflg;n] b]jfno eGbf
/x]5g\ . gfd g} b]jfno . k"/f gfd eGbfrflxF s]zjb]jfno .
s]zjb]jfno :yfkgfsf] >]o ;f]dgfy b08gfosnfO{ hfG5 . ;f]dgfyk'/ klg
pg}sf] gfddf /x]sf] xf] eGg] klg dflg; 5g\ . xfd|f] j+zfjnLn] rflxF ls6fg u/]/
o; ;x/sf ;+:yfks ;f]dgfy cfq]o ePsf] atfpF5 . ;f]dgfy cfq]on] lj=;+= %^)–*) lt/
o; ;x/sf] :yfkgf u/]sf x'g ;S5g\, ldlt sxLF atfOPsf] 5}g . pgn] oxfF s'g} dlGb/
agfPsf] jf gagfPsf] st} pNn]v gePsfn] of] dlGb/ kl5 g} ag]sf] x'g ;S5 .
;f]dgfyk'/df d};"/ b/af/sf xf]O;nf /fhf g/l;+x t[tLosf ;]gfklt ;f]dgfy
b08gfos -s'g}s'g} lznfn]vdf ‘;f]d]o b08gfos’ n]lvPsf]_ n] !@%* df r]Ggs]zj
dlGb/ agfPsf] eg]/ Oltxf;df pNn]v ePsf] 5 . o; ;x/sf ;+:yfks klg log} x'g\ eg]/
n]lvPsf] 5 . t/ Pp6f ;]gfkltn] jg kmF8fgL u/fP/ olt eJo dlGb/ agfOxfn] eGg
;lsFb}g . nueu ;ft ;o jif{ klxNo} ;f]dgfy cfq]on] a;fPsf] sfj]/L gbLlsgf/sf] o;
dlnnf] s[lifof]Uo e"ld ePsf] a:tLsf] aLrdf oL ;]gfkltn] j}i0fj dlGb/
agfpg' ;Dej 5 . log}n] r]Ggs]zj dlGb/glhs} csf{] klg dlGb/ agfPsf 5g\ –
k~rlnª\u]Zj/ dlGb/ . of]rflxF j}i0fj ;Dk|bfosf nflu geP/ z}j ;Dk|bfosf nflu
agfOlbPsf x'g ;S5g\ . Oltxf;sf ljBfyL{n] yk cWoog u/]/ k|df0fx¿ vf]h"g\ .
s]zj b]jfno dlGb/ ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf 9'ª\ufsf] 5 . ljZj;Dkbf ;"rLdf
;"rLs[t x'gfn] o;sf] ;+/If0f, ;f}Gbo{s/0f, ;/;kmfO cflb Jojl:yt 5 .
lznfn]v / lnlvt Oltxf;sf cg';f/ log} ;f]dgfy b08gfosn] s]zjb]jfno,
k~rlnª\u]Zj/sf cltl/St k'/xf/, g/l;+x]Zj/, d'/xf/, nIdLg/l;+x / of]ugf/fo0fsf]
dlGb/ agfpg nufPsf lyP . oL ;a} dlGb/ xf]O;nf jf:t'snfdf cfwfl/t lyP . kl5
d';ndfg zf;sx¿n] tL ;a} Wj:t agfOlbP . nIdLg/l;+x dlGb/afx]s ;a} dlGb/ dl6ofd]6
kfl/P . lxGb' /fhfx¿n] kl5 k'gM 6'6]km'6]sf ;fdu|L hf]8hf8 kf/]/ dlGb/sf]
k'g:yf{kgf u/] . cfh s]zjb]jfno / k~rlnª\u]Zj/ k'glg{ld{t 5g\ eg] nIdLg/l;+x
dlGb/ k"0f{¿kdf Wj:t cj:yfdf v08x/ eP/ /x]sf] 5 . of]ugf/fo0f dlGb/sf]
pTvgg u/]/ xfn} To;sf] ue{u[x e]6\6fOPsf] 5 .
Oltxf;sf cg';f/ cfh xfdLn] b]v]sf] s]zjb]jfno klg d';ndfg cfqmd0fsf/Lx¿n]
Wj:t kf/]sf lyP . ;f]x|f}F ztfAbLdf cfP/ ljhogu/ ;fd|fHosf lxGb' /fhfx¿n]
v08x/af6 e]6]sf 9'ª\uf, lnlvt k|df0f cflbsf] cfwf/df k'/fg} :j¿kdf To;sf]
k'glg{df{0f u/fPsf x'g\ . k'/fgf / dd{kl5sf kTy/ clns leGg} /ªsf 5g\ . k'gM
pGgfO;f} ztfAbLdf o;nfO{ Wj:t kfl/of] t/ kl5 O:6 OlG8of sDkgLsf] ;dodf cyf{t\
aL;f}F ztfAbLdf k'glgdf{0f eO{ k'gM k'/fg} :j¿kdf 9flnof] .
xf]O;nf ;fd|fHon] cfkm\gf] zf;gsfndf blIf0f ef/tdf Ps xhf/ kfFr ;ohlt
lxGb" / h}g dlGb/x¿sf] lgdf{0f u/fPsf lyP . s]zjb]jfno, k~rlnª\u]Zj/ cflb
b]j:ynx¿ o;} cleofgsf lx:;f x'g\ .
o; dlGb/nfO{ ;g\ !#!! df cnfpl2b lvnhLsf ;]gfklt dlns skm'/n] eTsfOlbP
. ;g\ !#@^ df d'xDdb lag t'unsn] cfqmd0f u/]/ afFsL ar]v'r]sf] efu klg Wj:t u/L
v08x/df ablnlbPsf lyP . kl5 ljhogu/ ;fd|fHon] o; dlGb/sf s]xL efusf] k'glg{df{0f
u/fPsf] xf] eg] d};"/sf jfb]o/ /fhfx¿n] afFsL sfd u/]/ dlGb/nfO{ k'gM
k"0f{tf lbPsf x'g\ .
o; dlGb/sf] lgdf{0f / k'glg{df{0fsf] k|;ª\u blIf0f ef/tsf cf7 7fpFdf
lznfn]vdf pNn]v 5 . rf/j6f lznfn]v dlGb/s} d"nåf/df 5g\ . dlGb/sf]
a/G8fsf] l;lnªdf b'O6f lznfn]v 5g\ . Pp6f lznfn]v blIf0fk"jL{ s'gfdf /
pQ/klZrdL s'gfdf 5 . o:t} Pp6f lznfn]vrflxF t'ª\ueb|f gbLlsgf/sf] xl/x/]Zj/
dlGb/df 5 . csf{] Pp6frflxF k~rlnª\u]Zj/ dlGb/sf] u'7L hUufdf 5 . dlGb/df cg]s
lznfn]v 5g\ . ltgLx¿ tL :tDesf/, snfsf/, d"lt{sf/ cflbsf gfd / 7]s]bf/sf
nf]uf] cflb x'g\ elgPsf] 5 .
;f]dgfy b08gfosn] dlGb/sf] lgoldt cfo;|f]tsf nflu u'7Lsf] hldgsf] k|aGw
ul/lbPsf / cu|xf/ cyf{t\ a|fx\d0fx¿sf nflu e"lds/ gnfUg] u/L k]6kfnf] ug{
hldg pknAw u/fPsf lyP . cu|xf/ k|yf g]kfnsf] latf{ k|yf;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] /x]5 .
eujfg\ >Ls[i0fsf cg]s gfd 5g\ M >Ls[i0f, hgfb{g, j]0f'uf]kfn,
uf]kfn, uf]ljGb, s]zj, d'/fl/, afn]Zj/, bfdf]b/, 3gZofd, cRo't, cl/;"bg,
dw';"bg, sGx}of, dfwj, of]u]Zj/, ljxf/L, d'/nLw/, gGbnfn, lgTofgGb,
kfy{;f/yL, jf;'b]j cflbcflb . r]Ggs]zjsf] cy{ ‘;'Gb/ s]zj’ eGg] x'G5 .
dlGb/sf leqL leQfx¿df /fdfo0f, >Ldb\efujt dxfk'/f0f / dxfef/tsf syfx¿
lrlqt ul/Psf] 5 . oxfF /fdfo0fsf cl3Nnf kj{x¿sf] dfq lrq0f ul/Psf] 5 . h:t} M
bz/yaf6 k'q]li6 o1, rf/} efOnfO{ sf]qmfdf xNnfOPsf], rf/} efO rf/ xftkfp 6]s]/
lxF8]sf], u'?s'ndf rf/} efO, z:qljBf, afns /fdn] tf8sf /fIf;Lsf] jw u/]sf], ljZjfldq,
/fd / nId0f hgs /fhfsf] b/af/df, ;Ltf :jo+j/, /fd / efOx¿ ljjflxt ePkl5
hgsk'/df, jgjf;, lj/fw /fIf;n] ;LtfnfO{ emD6]sf] / /fdn] dfg'{ePsf],
z"k{0fvfsf] k|;ª\u, ;'gf}nf d[usf] k|;ª\u, /fj0faf6 ;Ltfx/0f, h6fo'–/fj0f
o'4 / h6fo'sf] d[To', xg'dfg / ;'u|Ljsf] >L/fd;Fusf] e]6 . o;eGbf kl5NNff
syfx¿ lrq0f ePsf] 5}g . o;af6 cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 kl5Nnf kj{x¿ klg lrlqt ug{]
of]hgf lyof], t/ s'g} sf/0fn] Tof] k"/f x'g ;s]g .
s]zjb]jfnodf s'FlbPsf >Ldb\efujt dxfk'/f0fsf k|;ª\ux¿ sltko
bf]xf]l/Psf 5g\ . oxfF lrlqt efujt syfsf d'Vo k|;ª\urflxF >Llji0f' hndf zog
ul//xg'ePsf], j;'b]jsf] ljjfx, afns s[i0fnfO{ j;'b]jn] af]s]/ od'gf tfg'{ePsf]
syf, s[i0fn] uf]s'ndf ug'{ePsf afnnLnfx¿, k"tgf / zs6f;'/ jw, afns[i0fn]
gf}gL rf]g'{ePsf], uf]jw{g kj{t prfNg'ePsf], uf]kLx¿;Fu ug'{ePsf /f;nLnf,
s[i0faf6 ljleGg /fIf;sf] jw, s+; jw syf .
o;}u/L leqL leQfdf s'FlbPsf dxfef/tsyf o:tf 5g\ M w[t/fi6«sf] /fh;ef,
kf08j / sf}/jx¿ a9\b} hfFbf pgLx¿aLr k|lt:kwf{, kf08j jgjf;, eLdn] lxl8Daf
ljjfx u/]sf, kf08jn] b'|kbnfO{ e]6]sf / s'dfn]sxfF a;]sf, b|f}kbL :jo+j/
;df/f]x, ch'{gn] df5fnfO{ lt/n] xfg]sf], b|f}kbLn] ch'{gnfO{ j/dfnf klx¥ofPsf],
b|f}kbL lnP/ kf08jsf] lkmtL{, o'lwli7/n] h"jf v]n]sf] / k/flht ePsf],
o'4sf b[Zox¿, s[i0fn] kf08jnfO{ lbg'ePsf pkb]z–;Nnfx, Ps jL/ of]uf;gdf a;]sf] /
k|z+;sn] dfnf nfOlbPsf], kf08jsf] ljho, pgLx¿ /fhb/af/df kms{]sf .
dlGb/sf] aflx/L leqf, dlGb/sf] u'Dah / st} klg vfnL 5}g . sn}snfn]
el/Psf 5g\ ;Dk"0f{ leQf, :tDe / åf/x¿ . oL snfx¿ dxfef/t, /fdfo0f /
>Ldb\efujt dxfk'/f0fsf s'g} g s'g} syf jf pksyf;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . xfdL t oL
snfs[ltn] ljZjnfO{ lbg] ;Gb]z, logdf ePsf] uxg cleJolSt / sf}zn b]v]/ tfHh'a g}
eof}F .
t/ oxLF Hofbf ;do al;/xg xfdLn] kfpFb}gYof}F . aflx/ lg:s]/
km"naf/L / rp/df s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lvRof}F . aflx/ lg:sFbf ;jf P3f/ ah]sf]
lyof] . xfd|f] ef]s xfdLnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ yfln;s]sf] lyof] . cfsfzdf tLgj6f ;"o{
Ps;fy emnn an]em}F s8f 3fd lyof] .
glhs}sf] k;ndf vfg]s'/f kfOG5 ls eg]/ ;f]wLvf]hL u/]sf], Ps 7fpFdf O8nL
kfOg] /x]5 . 7"nf] /fxt ldNof] . ;Ltf / efph" la:s'6 vfg] clg xfdLn]
O8nL vfg] eof}F .
clg ufpF 3'Dg uof}F . ptf v]taf/L klg x]g{ k'Uof}F . otfsf ufpFsf]
hLjg, kz'kfng / v]tLkftLnfO{ glhsaf6 x]g{ kfOof] .
o;kl5 xfdLn] k~rlnª\u]Zj/ x]g{ hfg'kg{] lyof] /x]5 . t/ k~rlnª\u]Zj/sf]
af/]df dnfO{ vf;} hfgsf/L gePsfn] ptf uOPg . d};'/sf nflu a;df kms{Fbf a;df
;Fu} a;]sf] ofq'n] ;f]Wof]– æsxfFaf6 cfpg'ePsf] <Æ
æg]kfnaf6 . ko{6gsf nflu .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æg]kfnL eGg] t a'em]F . d]/f] Ps hgf ;fyL 5 g]kfnL . ;Fu} a:5f}F
d'DaO{df . p;sf] / tkfO{Fsf] cg'xf/ ldN5 . af]nL klg p:t} /x]5 .Æ
æP . v';L nfUof] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æko{6gsf nflu cfPsf] eGg'ef] <Æ
æxh'/ . cfh xfd|f] ofqfsf] ;f]x|f}F lbg xf] . cl:tsf lbg cfOk'u]sf
d};"/df . a]n'sf /]nj] ;ª\u|xfno 3'Dof}F . ;fFemdf nfO6 ;f] x]g{
d};"/ b/af/ uof}F . lxhf] t lbge/ 3'd]sf] 3'd]sL eOof] lg . k"/f
d};"/ 3'dfOlbof] ko{6s a;n] .Æ
æoxfF cfPsf] a]nf rfd'08L kj{t hfg'xf]nf lg, s;} u/L .Æ
æuof}F . lxhf] . t/ ToxfFsf] gGbL x]g{ kfOPg, af6f] dd{t x'Fb} 5 eg]/
ptf a; uPg . To} eP/ ==.Æ
æaf]/} ef] lg . Toqf] 7"nf] gGbL 5 . x]g{}kg{] lyof] .Æ
æx'g t xf] t/ a; uPg . xfdLn] o;eGbf 7"nf] gGbL b]v]/ cfPsf, ptf
t]Ghf}/df . a[xbLZj/ dlGb/df .Æ
æTof] t d}n] b]Vg kfPs} 5}g . Tof] t emg\ 7"nf] 5 eGg] ;'g]sf] 5' ====
. b]Vg'ef] xlu . efUodfgL=== eOuf] To;f]eP .Æ
æclg ;f]dgfyk'/rflxF s]s] x]g{ hfg'ef] < k~rlnª\u]Zj/ / s]zjb]jfno t
k'Ug'ef] lg <Æ
æs]zjb]jfno k'Uof}F . k~rlnª\Zj/ klg hfg} kg{] 7fpF lyof] / <Æ
æhfg}kg{] lyof] lg . ;do 5 eg] a? of] a; 5f8]/ kmgSs kms{g'xf];\ .
x]/]/} dfq cfpg'xf];\ .Æ
æx}g, ca gkms{g] . w]/} yflsPsf] klg 5 . udL{n] ;ftf] lnO/fv]sf] 5
xfdLnfO{ t otflt/ . s] eGg] <Æ
æk~rlnª\u]Zj/ / s]zjb]jfno Ps} ;dodf ag]sf x'g\ . t/ s]zjb]jfno
ljZj;Dkbf ;"rLdf kgf{n] ljz]if ;+/If0f kfO/x]sf] 5 . k~rlnª\u]Zj/ lar/f
PP;cfO{ :t/sf] dfq eOlbof] .Æ
æPP;cfO{ :t/sf] eGof s] lg <Æ
æPP;cfO{ eg]sf] ef/tLo k'/ftŒj Œ;j{]If0f cfls{of]nlhsn ;e{] ckm
OlG8ofn] cfkm\gf] ;'/Iff 5ftfdf /fv]sf] 5 eGg] xf] .Æ
æPP .Æ d}n] eg]F .
t'?Gt} OG6/g]6df k~rlnª\u]Zj/sf] af/]df vf]h]F . s]xL hfgsf/L lbOPsf]
/x]5 . ;f] dlGb/ klg plQs} h]7f] P]ltxfl;s /x]5 . k'u]sf] eP ;f/} a]; x'g]
lyof] .
kms{Fbf af6fdf a;df vfFbv'Fb ub{} cfpg'k/]sf] lyof] t/ cfwfplw af6f]
kf/ ePkl5 a:gsf nflu l;6 kfOof] . clns ;'la:tf eof] .
d};'/sf] k'/fgf] a;kfs{df cfOk'Ug nfu]sf] ;dodf bfh'n] ;f]Wg'eof]–
ælbgsf] Ps aHg nfUof], ca sxfF s] x]g{ nUg] lg xfdLnfO{ < cfhsf] yk of]hgf
s] 5 <Æ
æ>Ls07]Zj/ . ptf gGhgu'8'df .Æ
æsxfF xf] Tof] gGhgu'8' eGg] 7fpF < s] x]g'{ 5 / ToxfF < of] d};'/sf s'gfs'gf ;a x]l/;lsPsf] 5}g <Æ
d]g'sf efph"n] ;f]lwxfNg'eof]
.
ægGhgu'8' eGg] :yfg oxfFaf6 ;f]em} blIf0fdf 5 . nueu afO; lsnf]ld6/ . O6x/Laf6
lj/f6gu/ uPh:t} t xf] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æghfFbf x'Fb}g < s] 5 ToxfF hfg}kg{], x]g{kg{} s'/f <Æ
efph"nfO{ ;f]dgfyk'/ ofqfn] lgs} ysfg ePh:tf] b]lvof] . ;Ltfsf] cg'xf/df
klg x]/]F, ltgL plt;f/f] yfs]sL lyOgg\ .
ægGhgu'8' >Ls07]Zj/:jfdL dlGb/ d'Vo xf] . o;afx]s a8] dxfb]j,
rfd'08]Zj/L, >Ldxfb]Zj/:jfdL dlGb/, >Ls07]Zj/, >L/fdk'/f, jL/eb|]Zj/ /
cg]s dlGb/ 5g\ . oLafx]s jf;jgk'/f, rfdnk'/f, gGhgu'8' ahf/, uf]n'/sf] ljzfn
wfgv]tL cflb x]g{ nfos 5g\ . cfh xfdLrflxF >Ls07]Zj/ / a8] dxfb]jdfq k'Ug
kfpg]5f}F . ;jf/L ;fwg lnP/ dfq ;alt/ k'lug] x'G5 .Æ d}n] eg]F .
ælogLdWo] Pp6f klg lhGbuLdf slxNo} ;'lgPsf 7fpF eP kf] ÛÆ ;Ltfn] elgg\
.
æxfdLn] ghfg]sf / g;'g]sf ;a} j:t', ;fdu|L / :yfg a]sf/sf xf]Ogg\,
xfdLn] ltgnfO{ glrg]/ dfq xf] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
xfdL a;af6 cf]ln{of}F . ptf gGhgu'8' hfg] a; l7Ss k/]sf] /x]5 . xfdL
bf}8]/ a;df kl;xfNof}F . xfdL r9\gf;fy a;n] ult klqmxfNof] .
a; Psf]xf]/f] blIf0f uof] . 5]pdf d};'/ 3/]n' xjfOd}bfg, s8fsf]nf,
tf08jk'/f, lrSs}ofgIfq, rfdnk'/f cflb ;fgf7"nf :yfg cfP . af6fsf]
k"j{ / klZrddf cg]s tfn, tnfp / afFw b]lvP . bfnjf]P / ;]6\6Ls]/] gfdsf
b'O6f clns 7"nf tnfp b]lvP . lgs} tn k'u]kl5 sfj]/Lsf] ;fgf] k'ndf k'luG5
. oxfF gbLnfO{ afFw]/ kftf s;L ufpF3/sf] v]tLkftL u/fOG5 .
xfdL a;af6 c6f] ;dftL ;f]em} gGhgu'8]Zj/:jfdL dlGb/df k'Uof}F . dlGb/
ljzfn /x]5 . s0ff{6sel/sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] dlGb/ eg]/ ;'g]sf] x'F d}n], t/
dflg;sf] rxnkxn st} b]lvPg . kmf6\6km'6\6 dflg; otfptf ul//x]sf lyP .
7"nf] s'rf] af]s]/ o;f] a9f/]h:tf] ub{} u/]sL Pp6f cwa}F;] dlxnfn]
xfdLnfO{ b]vL . oL dflg; cNdlnP xf]nfg\ eG7fg]/ p;n] xftn] O;f/f ub{} ptf hfcf]
eg]/ b]vfO{ . dlGb/sf] cu|efu k"j{k6\l6 /x]5 . xfdL ;f]xL dlxnfn] b]vfPlt/
nfUof}F .
dlGb/ Ps ah] aGb eO{ rf/ ah] dfq v'Ng] /x]5 . xfdL b'O{ aHg nfUbf
k'u]sf /x]5f}F, To;}n] ;d:t kl/j]z ;'g;fg /x]5 .
æca rf/ ah] v'N5 .Æ Ps hgf ;'/Iff uf8{n] atfof] .
ca s] ug{] < xcfkm";Fu NofPsf kmnkm"n sf6L vfP/ a:of}F .
kmnkm"nsf af]qmf cflb sxfF kmfNg] eGg] ;d:of eof] . Pp6f km"nsf]
af]6sf] km]bdf s]xL kmf]xf]/ lyof], To;}df ylklbof}F . 5]pdf ;;fgf] kfs{ /x]5 .
t/ Tof] kfs{ cJojl:yt lyof] . ptfk6\l6 a8] dxfb]jsf] ljzfn d"lt{ lyof] .
kn]F6L s;]/ a;]sf gLns07]Zj/ dxfb]j O6x/Lsf] ef6e6]gL ejgeGbf b'u'gf cUnf lyP .
;do cem} b'O{ 306fhlt afFsL lyof] . dlGb/sf] af/]df yk hfGg eg]/ xfdL
d"nåf/lt/ nfUof}F . d};"/sf] xf]6nd} emf]nfem\ofD6f 5f8]sfn] xfdL
lgl:kmqmL lyof}F t/ udL{n] ;tfPsfn] w]/} 3'dlkm/ ug{ dg lyPg . d"nåf/sf]
dflg;nfO{ lxGbLdf ;f]w]F– æof] dlGb/ slxn] ag]sf] xf] lg <Æ
æxh'/ . rf/ ah] . To;cl3 of] v'Nb}g .Æ To;n] d]/f] s'/f a'em]g . lxGbL
g} cfpFbf] /x]g5 To;nfO{ .
clg csf{] dfG5]nfO{ ;f]w]F– æOª\ln; a'em\g'x'G5 ls <Æ
v';L eP/ p;n] eGof]– æo]; .Æ
clg p;nfO{ gd|tfk"j{s ;f]w]F– æo; dlGb/sf] Oltxf; atfpg'xf];\ g t
.Æ
æo]; .Æ
of] klg p:t} k/]5 . xfdL s]xLa]/ To;} a:of}F . slta]/ To;} a:g] <
s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lvRof}F / cNdlnof}F . lbSsnfUbf] ;do, kv{g'h:tf] emGeml6nf]
sfd s]xL 5}g .
clg xfdL dlGb/sf] blIf0fL efu eP/ klZrdlt/ nfUof}F . clns k/ s]xL xf]6nx¿
b]lvP . clns ;kmf xf]6n 5fg]/ xfdL k:of}F . oxfF oltv]/ O8nL vfg' 7Ls lyof] .
rf/}hgfsf nflu O8nL dufof}F . ptf ;8stkm{ v'n]sf] ;fgf] xf]6naf6 ;8ssf] /ldtf
x]b{} vfhf vfof}F .
To; xf]6nsf] dflnsrflxF lxGbL a'em\g] / af]Ng] /x]5 . p;nfO{ d}n]
;f]w]F– æo; dlGb/sf] kl/ro lbg'xf];\ g .Æ
pm e6\ofpg yflnxfNof]– æof] dlGb/ lzjhLdf ;dlk{t 5 . gLns07nfO{ xfdL
:yfgLo efiffdf gGhg eG5f}F .Æ
æof] dlGb/ t lgs} 7"nf] 5 . slt If]qkmn 5 o;sf] <Æ
æIf]qkmn t dnfO{ yfxf 5}g .Æ
p;n] 5]psf] dfG5]nfO{ sGg8f efiffdf s]xL ;f]Wof] . c¿x¿ klg pgLx¿sf]
;+jfbdf ;xefuL eP . s;}n] o;} xf] eGg ;s]sf] b]lvPg . pgLx¿aLr s]s] s'/f eof],
xfdLn] a'em\g] klg s'/f lyPg .
æk"j{k6\l6sf] uf]k'/d\ !@) lkm6 cUnf] 5 . oxfF kfFrj6f /y 5g\ .
/yjL8L kj{df oL /y tfg]/ xfdL l;ª\u} ;x/ 3'dfpF5f}F . kGw| lbg nfU5 kmsf{P/
oxfF Nofpg .Æ
æxfdLn] ptfk6\l6 b'O6f, cufl8 Pp6f / otfk6\l6 Pp6f dfq /y b]Vof}F lg t
.Æ
æP, csf{] /yrflxF dd{tsf nflu ptf gLns07]Zj/ d"lt{k5fl8 nluPsf] 5
. ef]ln of kl;{ ot} NofOG5 .Æ
æPP . clg dlGb/ slxn] ag]sf] lg <Æ
æb]j/fhfDdfGgLn] agfPsL . dxf/fh s[i0f/fhfsL /fgL x'g\ ltgL . ltg}n]
agfPsL .Æ p;n] eGof] .
xfdLnfO{ vfgf k:sg] sd{rf/Ln] aLr}df s'/f sf6\t} eGof]– æsxfFsf]
b]j/fhfDdfGgLn] agfPsf] x'g' < ltgn] t dlGb/sf] of] aflx/L kvf{n agfPsL kf]
t ÛÆ
æxf], xf] . of] dflg; 7Ls eGb} 5 . csf{] tldn cg'xf/sf] dflg;n] ;xL
yKof] . of] dflg; lxGbL a'em\bf] /x]5 t/ af]Ng hfGbf] /x]g5 . p;n] cª\u|]hLdf
eGof] .
b'O{rf/ hgf ;'lsnf n'uf nfPsf dflg; ptf leqk6\l6 a;]/ wdfwd vfO/x]sf
lyP . ltgLx¿ p7] . xft w'g xfdL ePg]/ cfpFbf pgLx¿dWo] Psbd df]6f] / sfnf]
dflg; d';'d';' xfd|f s'/f ;'lg/x]sf] lyof] . pm dg]/ cfP/ vfnL Uof; l;lnG8/dfly
a:of] .
ætkfO{Fx¿ g]kfnaf6 cfpg'ePsf] c/] <Æ To; df]6]n] eGof] .
æxh'/ Û xfdL g]kfnaf6 . d};'/ e|d0fsf nflu tLg lbg 5'6\6\ofPsf lyof}F .
lxhf] lbge/ ;x/sf d'Vo :yfgx¿sf] e|d0f ul/of] . ko{6g a;n] 3'dfOlbof] . cfh
laxfg ptf ;f]dgfyk'/f uof}F . ufpFsf] e|d0f u¥of}F .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æ>Ls]zjb]jfno hfg'ef] t <Æ
æuof}F lg . d t cfZro{sf] cf7f}F tnfdf k'u]F ToxfF t . ljlrq} nfUof]
eGof . hfg}kg{] kf] 7fpF /x]5 t xlu <Æ d d':sfPF .
æxf] . 7Ls eGg'ef] . clg oxfFrflxF s] hfg]/ cfpg'ef] <Æ p;n] ;f]Wof]
.
æhfGgsf nflu cfPsf . o; kf}/fl0fs :ynsf] af/]df hfGg pT;'s 5f}F .Æ d}n]
p;lt/ kms{]/ eg]F .
æo; ;x/nfO{ u/nk'/L eg]/ lzjk'/f0fdf j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 . d]/f k"j{hx¿
oxLF hGd], x's{], a9] / a"9f eP/ d/] . d]/f b; k':tf oxLF a;]sf . d
;a}yf]s eG5' .Æ To; df]6]n] eGof] .
;Ltfn] dlt/ kms{]/ d':sfpFb} elgg\– æof] wDd/w';sf bfFt / cfFvfrflxF
xfd|} h:tf 5g\ . af6fdf PSn} e]l6of] eg] t d cflQP/ ToxLF 7fpFsf] 7fpF 9N5'
xf]nf .Æ
d xfF;]F . krf;–krkGg jif{ pd]/sf] Tof] dflg; Psbd ;]tf] ;'lsnf] ;6{ / /ftf]
kf/L ePsf] ;]tf] ;'lsnf] wf]tLdf lyof] . p;n] ;Ltfn] g]kfnLdf p;}sf] af/]df
l6Kk0fL u/]sL kf] x'g\ ls eg]/ cg'dfg u¥of] .
p;n] cª\u|]hLdf ;f]Wof]– æDof8d s] eGb} x'g'x'G5 <Æ
d km]l/ xfF;]F . d}n] eg]– æP, pgL otfsf dflg; vfOnfUbf 5g\ . otfsf
dflg; ;'vL / wgL b]lvP . pQ/L ef/tdf h:tf] ul/aL otf b]lvPg .Æ
æDof8d unt . otfsf] ul/aL ef/ts} ;a}eGbf s'¿k ul/aL xf] . oxfF wgLx¿
wgL 5g\, t/ csf{lt/ s]/fsf af]qmf klg vfg gkfpg] ul/a klg 5g\ .Æ p;n] clns k/sf]
Pp6f levf/LnfO{ b]vfpFb} eGof] . Tof] df]6] levf/L c6f]af6 cf]n{g nfu]sL
dlxnfsf cufl8 xft k;fl//x]sf] lyof] .
ælevf/L t olt df]6f]3f6f] 5 oxfF ÛÆ ;Ltfn] xfF:t} cª\u|]hLdf elgg\ .
æo; dlGb/sf] Oltxf; atfpgf];\ g . b; k':tf oxLF a;]sf] dfG5]af6} hfGg kfP
xfd|f] ofqf ;fy{s / ;kmn xf]nf .Æ d}n] eg]F .
ægGhgu'8nfO{ blIf0fsfzL elgG5 . lzjhLsf] jf;:yfg xf] of] . eSthgsf]
cfu|x 6fg{ g;s]/ lzjhL :jod\ oxfF cfO{ a:g yfNg'ePsf] xf] . eSthgx¿n] b]jlif{
gf/b;dIf cg'goljgo u/]kl5 gf/b ;a}sf k|ltlglw eP/ lzjhL;dIf oxfF cfO{ jf;
ul/lbg'x'g cg'/f]w ub{} s}nf;df k'u] . pgsf] jrg lzjhLn] sf6\g ;Sg] s'/} ePg .
x}g / <Æ
æxh'/ . Tof] t xf] .Æ o'j/fh bfh' klg syfdf rfv lnP/ ;'lg/xg'ePsf]
lyof] . d]g'sf efph" ptf ;]NkmL lvRgdf Jo:t x'g'x'GYof] . /ftf] kf/L ePsf]
;]tf] s'tf{df pxfF v'ln/xg'ePsf] lyof] . dlGb/nfO{ kl5 kf/]/ d':sfpFb} pxfF
kmf]6f] ;]NkmL lvFlr/xg'eof] . ;8sdf sf/, c6f] / ldlg6«sx¿ cfO/xGy],
efph"nfO{ ltgaf6 aRg sl7g eO/x]sf] lyof] .
æs]zL gfdsf] /fIf; lyof] . To;n] a|x\df / lji0f'af6 cd/tfsf] j/ kfPsf]
lyof] . s]zLnfO{ s;}n] dfg{ ;St}gYof] . cfkm"nfO{ s;}n] dfg{ g;Sg] ePkl5
pm dg'io, b]jtf / Clifu0fnfO{ b'Mv lbg yfNof] . p;sf] cTofrf/ emg\eGbf emg\
a9\g nfUof] . clt ePkl5 gf/bd'lgn] o; ljifodf lzjhL;dIf k'u]/ xf/u'xf/ dfu] .Æ
æsyf rfvnfUbf] /x]5 . o:t}o:t} vfnsf] syf sGofs'df/Lsf] klg 5, xlu
<Æ d}n] eg]F .
æTof] syf cs{} xf], of] cs{} . cF, gf/bd'lgsf] cg'/f]w ;'g]/ lzjhL
u/nk'/L >LIf]qdf cfpg'eof] . pxfFn] s]zLsf] jw ug'{eof] . o;kl5 ;d:t
dg'iosf] k|fy{gf / gf/bd'lgsf] cg'/f]wnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]/ >L b]jflwb]j dxfb]j
oxLF lgjf; ug{ nfUg'eof] .Æ To; df]6]n] eGof] . p;sf 7"nf cfFvf a]nfa]nf
blIf0f ef/tLo tl/sfn] lemDsGy] . xfdLnfO{ cgf}7f] / c;lhnf] nfUYof] .
ægGhgu'8 g} xf]
k'/f0fx¿df jl0f{t pSt u/nk'/L >LIf]q .Æ p;n] cfkm\gf] syf 6'ª\Uofof] . pm
cfkm" a;]sf] l/Qf] Uof;–l;lnG8/af6 p7\of] . pm;Fu} cfPsf c¿ aflx/ l;F9Ldf
em/] . pm labf dfUg] efjn] xfdLlt/ kmls{of] . d]/f] ck]Iff a'em]/ xf] ls lsg
xf] pm ToxL pleO{pleO{ xfdLnfO{ atfpg yfNof]–
ælzjhLsf] c+z
oxLF 5 . o;}sf/0f dx]Zj/n] o; tLy{nfO{ kfkljgflzgL x'g]5 eg]/ j/bfg lbg'eof] .
sfj]/L gbLdf :gfg u/L h'g eStn] oxfF cfO{ >4fk"j{s >LgLns07]Zj/
cyf{t\ gGhgu'8]Zj/sf] bz{g u5{, p;sf ;d:t kfkx¿ gi6 eP/ hfG5g\ .Æ
olt eg]/ Tof]
dflg; l;F9Lsf] cem tNnf] v'6\lsnfdf cf]ln{of] . d}n] Psgf; ¿kdf p;nfO{ x]l//x]F
. pm d':sfof] .
æw]/}w]/} wGojfb
. oxfFn] xfdLnfO{ w]/} ;Tosyf ;'gfpg'eof] . xfdL wGo eof}F . g]kfnaf6 olt 6f9f
cfPsf] ;fy{s eof] . g]kfndf uP/ gGhgu'8]Zj/sf] dlxdf ufpg]5f}F .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æg]kfnaf6 oxfF
cfpg le;f vr{ slt nfU5 <Æ p;n] ;f]Wof] .
ænfUb}g .
kf;kf]6{ klg geP x'G5 . tkfO{Fx¿n] cfwf/ sf8{ af]Sg'eof] eg] g]kfn hfg
kfpg'x'G5, xfdL klg cfkm\gf] b]zsf] gful/stfsf] k|df0fkq af]s]/ oxfF 3'Dg
kfpF5f}F .Æ
æclg k};f <
tkfO{Fx¿n] ef/tLo ?lkofF s;/L k|fKt ug'{x'G5 <Æ
æTof] klg ;xh 5 .
;Ldfdf ;6xL sfpG6/ x'G5g\ . clnslt sld;g lnP/ ltgn] ;fl6lbG5g\ . tkfO{Fx¿ g]kfn
hfg'eof] eg] ef/tLo ?lkofF af]s]/ hfg ;Sg'x'G5 . Po/kf]6{df of ;Ldfdf ef/tLo
?lkofF lbP/ g]kfnL ?lkofF k|fKt ug{ s'g} emGem6 5}g . pM ToxfF uP/ s]/f lsg]h:t}
xf], g]kfnL / ef/tLo k};f ;f6\g] sfd .Æ d}n] ;8ssf] 5]pdf ePsf] 7]nfjfnfsf]
s]/f k;n b]vfP/ eg]F .
æxf] xlu <Æ pm
d':sfof] . p;n] xfdL;Fusf s'/f cem nDAofpg rfx]sf] b]lvof] . dlGb/ v'Ngsf nflu
cem emGg} b'O{ 306f afFsL ePsfn] xfdLn] p;sf s'/f ;'Gg kfpFbf ;dosf] ;b'kof]u
g} 7flg/x]sf lyof}F .
æClif hdblUgsf]
cfb]zcg';f/ 5f]/f k/z'/fdn] cfdfsf] lz/R5]bg u/]sf] syf tkfO{FnfO{ yfxf 5 <Æ
p;n] ;f]Wof] .
æyfxf 5 .Æ
ædft[xTofsf] kfk
kvfNg k/z'/fdn] oxfF cfO{ sfj]/L gbLdf g'xfO{ gGhgu'8df cfP/ lzjsf] bz{g u/] .
pgnfO{ To;f] ug{ b]jlif{ gf/bn] pkb]z lbPsf lyP . lzjhLn] k/z'/fdn] oxfF Ps
d08k agfO{ lzjlnª\usf] k"hf ug{ eGg'eof] . k/z'/fdn] cfkm\gf] aGr/f]n]
j/k/sf emf/a'6f x6fP . o; qmddf lzjlnª\udf pgsf] k/z' -aGr/f]_n] 5f]of] / rf]6
k'Ug uof] . aGr/fsf] rf]6 k'u]sf] 7fpFaf6 /utsf] wf/f] aUof] . k/z'/fdnfO{ 7"nf]
cfTdUnflg eof] . pgn] eg]– ‘d}n] Ps kfk u/]F, Tof] kfk kvfNg] k|oTgdf csf{] kfk
klg ug{ k'u]F . ca oL kfkaf6 d'lSt kfpg d}n] cfkm"n] cfkm}FnfO{ jln
r9fpg'kg{] eof] .’ k/z'/fd jln x'g tof/ eP .
æTo;}a]nf ToxfF lzjhL
k|s6 x'g'eof] . pxfFn] k/z'/fdnfO{ eGg'eof]– ‘jlnbfg gxf]pm . ca ltdL hfpm / sfj]/L
gbLlsgf/sf] rf]vf] df6f] lnP/ cfpm . To; rf]vf] df6fn] o; kljq lnª\udf n]kg u/
.’
æk/z'/fdn] lzjaf6
kfPsf] lgb{]zgcg';f/ sfo{ u/] . df6fn] n]kg ugf{;fy /St;|fj /f]lsof] .
gGhgu'8sf] df6fdf olt w]/} pkrf/fTds Ifdtf 5 .Æ olt elg;s]kl5 Tof] dflg; km]l/
d':sfof] .
æclg oxfFsL
kfj{tLsf] syfrflxF s] xf] lg < kfj{tLhL s;/L oxfF :yflkt x'g k'lug\ <Æ
d}n] ;f]w]F .
æTo;sf] syf d
eG5' . klxn] k/z'/fd / lzjhLsf] jftf{sf] s'/f elg;S5', clg dfq === .
lzjlnª\uaf6 /St;|fj aGb ePkl5 lzjhL k/z'/fdnfO{ oxLF a;]/ tk:of/t /xg cx|fO{
cGtwf{g x'g'eof] . lzjhL cGtwf{g ePkl5 k/z'/fd oxfF nfdf] ;do;Dd tk:ofdf nLg
eP/ /x] . pgsf ;d:t kfkx¿ gi6 eP . k/z'/fdn] oxLF ;fwgf / Wofgtk:of u/]/ cd/Tj
kfPsf x'g\ .
ækfj{tLn]
u/nk'/Lsf] dlxdf ;'Gg'eof] . pxfFn] klg dxfb]jsf ;fydf oxfF cfpg OR5f ug'{eof]
. lzjhLn] kfj{tLnfO{ oxfF Nofpg'eof] . oxfF cfP/ kfj{tLhL lgx'/]/ sfljgL gbLsf]
kfgL 5'g nfUg'eof] . o;} avtdf pxfFsf] lz/sf] d's'6df /x]sf] dl0f v;]/ gbLsf]
kfgLdf kg{ uof] . o;af6 lzjhL k|;Gg x'g'eof] . pxfFn] j/bfg lbFb} eGg'eof]– æx]
b]jL Û kljq sfj]/L gbL cfh;Dd d]/f] c+zdfq lyof], ca ltdL klg oxfF ;bf c+z¿kdf
/xg]5f} . kljq sfj]/L gbLdf ltd|f] j/bfg / pkl:ylt /xg]5 . cfhpk|fGt o;
:yfgnfO{ blIf0f dl0fsl0f{sf 3f6 elgg]5 .Æ
æsyf k'/f0fsf]
dfq 5}g . d Pp6f cfw'lgs syf eG5' . tkfO{Fn] l6k' ;'Ntfgsf] gfd ;'Gg'ePsf] 5
<Æ sfnf] g sfnf] wDd/w'; df]6]n] clns uDeL/ :j/df eGof] .
æ5 lg, lsg g;'Gg]
< ef/tdf l6k' ;'Ntfg dxfg\ d';ndfg zf;s lyP . pgn] nf]ssNof0fsf cg]s sfd u/]
.Æ d}n] eg]F .
æxf] . l6k'
;'Ntfg Psbd nf]slk|o ;'Ntfg lyP . PskN6 pgsf] xfQL k"0f{¿kdf cGwf] eof] .
;'Ntfg w]/} b'MvL eP . cg]s 8fS6/, j}B / lgdxlsdn] pkrf/ ug{ sf]l;; u/] . cg]s
wfdLemfFqmL cl3 ;/]/ cf}iflw ul/x]/] . t/ s'g} pkfo nfu]g . s;}n] klg ;'Ntfgsf]
lk|o xfQLsf] b[li6 kmsf{pg ;s]g . cGTodf ;'Ntfgsf >Lk"0f{}of gfdsf Ps
dGqLn] Pp6f /fo k|:t't u/] .
æltgsf] ;Nnfx
dfg]/ ;'Ntfgn] cfkm\gf] xfQLnfO{ >LgGhgu'8]Zj/:jfdLsxfF k7fP . o; dlGb/df
c7\rfnL; lbg;Dd cg]s k"hfkf7 / hktk rNof] . c7rfnL;f}F lbgdf crfgs xfQLsf]
b[li6Ifdtf k"0f{¿k]0f kms{]/ cfof] .
l6k' ;'Ntfg cToGt
v';L eP . pgn] o; dlGb/sf nflu cfkm\gf] tkm{af6 kGgfn] ag]sf] uf9f /ªsf]
lzjlnª\u r9fP . pgn] eg]– æcfOGbf oL lzjhLnfO{ xlsd gGhgu'8' eGg" .Æ
olt elg;s]kl5 Tof]
df]6] / p;sf ;fyL ptf k"j{lt/ nfu] . clns k/ k'u]kl5 ltgLx¿n] kms{]/ x]/]
. d}n] ;k|]d xft hf]8]F . pgLx¿ ;a}n] t'?Gt Ps}rf]l6 xft hf]8] . pgLx¿ uPkl5
dnfO{ Psvfn] PSnf]kg, cw'/f]kg nfu]h:tf] eof] . w]/} ;dokl5 e]l6Psf] efOn] labf
dfu]h:tf] eof] .
kmf/;L efiffdf
xlsd zAbsf] cy{ 8fS6/ cyf{t\ j}B eGg] x'G5 . d}n] xf]6njfnfnfO{ ;f]w]F– æof]
dflg; s] sfd u5{ <Æ
ælogL a|fx\d0f
x'g\ . otf logsf] Psbd 7"nf] pv' v]tL 5 . cfFksf] klg lgs} 7"nf] aufg
5 . ;fob logsf] wfgv]tL klg 7"n} 5 . logsf] kl/jf/df cfh klg b'O{tLg xhf/
x]S6/ v]tL 5 . logL x/]s xKtf ;f]djf/sf lbg oxfF cfO{ lzjhLsf] bz{g u5{g\ . cfh
dª\unjf/ xf] t/ cfh klg bz{gsf nflu cfPsf x'g\ . cfh dª\unjf/ rflxF logL
c~hg]osf] bz{g u/]/ dfq cfpF5g\ . logL g]kfnsf] kz'kltgfy bz{g ug{] ljifodf
s'/f ul//xG5g\ . v} lsg xf] cfh logn] kz'kltgfysf] gfd g} lnPgg\ .Æ
xfdL klg xf]6nsf]
k};f lt/]/ aflx/ lg:Sof}F . clg ;8sdf pleP/ dlGb/nfO{ kfZj{df kf/L s]xL kf]h
kmf]6f] lnof}F .
df]afOndf x]/]F,
lbgsf] ;f9] tLg ah]sf] /x]5 . ca rf/ ah] v'Ng] dlGb/sf] 9f]sfcufl8 pleg] a]nf
eof] . xfdL ;/f;/ dlGb/sf] pQ/k6\l6 nfUof}F . Totf klg c¿ Psb'O{ kf]h lvRg
Eofof}F .
dlGb/sf]
k"jL{ efudf k'Ubf t dflg;sf] s'F8'nf] clu g} nfOg nflu;s]sf] . ;'/IffsdL{x¿
ca Psbd ;ts{ b]lvP . clusf em}F logLx¿;Fu tLyf{n' eSthgx¿;Fu kmfN6' s'/fsfgL
ug{] ;do lyPg .
æotf Û otf
hfgf];\ Û ptf pleg ldNb}g . hfgf];\ . h'Qf /fVg] 7fpF ptf 5 .Æ oL dflg;x¿nfO{
elg/x]sf lyP . w]/} tLyf{n' gofF nfUy] / lognfO{ oxfF bz{g kfpg s;f]s;f]
ug'{k5{ yfxf lyPg .
3fd klZrd
uO;s]sfn] PlG6nfO6 k/]/ ca kmf]6f] g/fd|f cfpg] eP . xfdLn] kmf]6f] lvr]gf}F .
h'Qf clns k/} vf]n]/ aflx/} 5f8L dlGb/df bz{gfy{ hfg] dflg;x¿sf] nfOgdf k:of}F
.
cfwf 306fhlt
nfOgdf plePkl5 xfdL plePsf] nfOg rNdnfof] . c¿ b; ldg]6hltdf xfdL leq k:of}F .
bz{g ug{ kfOof] . a8f] ;'Gb/ dlGb/ . eJo lzjlnª\u . clg kGgfsf] lzjlnª\u klg
x]g{ kfOof] . s]xL ;fw';Gtsf ;flns klg /x]5g\ . lzjdlGb/ x'gfn] ;a}eGbf
cufl8sf] efudf gGbL x'g] eOxfNof] .
kf}g] kfFr ah]lt/
bz{g u/L xfdL aflx/ lg:Sof}F . dlGb/sf] aflx/L v08df s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lnof}F .
k08fx¿ oxfF klg kmf]6f] glvRg eGb} cfP . clg xfdL aflx/L k|frL/ / uf]k'/d\af6
klg aflx/ lg:Sof}F .
aflx/ lg:s]kl5 Ps
hgf km';{ltnf] b]lvg] k08fnfO{ eg]F– æxfdL g]kfnaf6 oxfF bz{gfy{ cfPsf . o;
dlGb/sf] dlxdf atfpg'xf];\ g .Æ
ædlxdf ;'g]/}
tkfO{Fx¿ oxfF;Dd cfpg'ePsf] xf] . yk s] eGg' 5 / <Æ
ætkfO{Fsf] d'vaf6
;'Gg dg nfUof] lg t .Æ
æslknf gbL sfj]/L gbLsf] ;xfos gbL xf] . slknf gbLsf] lsgf/df cjl:yt o;
;x/nfO{ blIf0fk|ofu elgG5 . eujfg\ lzjdf ;dlk{t of] ljzfn dlGb/ w]/} k'/fgf]
xf] . sGg8f efiffdf gGh' eg]sf] ljif xf] . ;d'b|dGygaf6 lg:s]sf] ljif lkOlbP/
lzjhLn] ;d:t b]jtf / /fIf;sf] /Iff ug'{ePsf] lyof] . oxL sf/0f oxfFsf lzjhLnfO{
gGhgu'8]Zj/ elgPsf] xf] . gGhgu'8' zAbsf] cy{rflxF eujfg\ gLns07 cyf{t\ ljifkfg
ul/lbg'x'g] O{Zj/sf] lgjf; xf] . tkfO{Fx¿ gbLdf :gfg u/]/ oxfF bz{g ug{
cfpg'ePsf] 5, olt u/]/ >4fk"j{s bz{g u/]kl5 ;d:t kfk gfz x'G5g\ elgPsf]
5 .Æ k08fn] clns sdhf]/ lxGbLdf eGof] .
æoxfF 8f]8\8f hfq] kj{ eJotfk"j{s dgfOG5 . tkfO{ /yf]T;j kj{df
cfpg'xf]nf . cfkm"nfO{ wGo 7fGg'x'g]5 .Æ p;n] yKof] .
d]/f pT;'s cfFvf b]v]/ xf]nf, p;n] km]l/ yKof]– æuPsf] clk|n # tfl/vdf
k/]sf] lyof] o; jif{ . r}q z'Sn åfbzL ltlydf of] kj{ dgfOG5 .Æ
æsxfFsxfFb]lv cfpF5g\ lg eSthg <Æ
æ;+;f/el/af6 lg . vf;u/L s0ff{6s, tldngf8', cfGw|k|b]zel/sf eSthgsf]
eL8 x'G5 oxfF . jf; kfpg Psbd d'l:sn x'g] ePsfn] tkfO{Fx¿ cfpFbf d};'/d} sf]7f
lnP/ cfkm\gf] 6\ofS;Ldf cfpg'xf]nf . cfkm\gf] uf8L gNofpg'xf]nf, kfls{ª :yn
kfpg} d'l:sn . 6\ofS;L klg gGhgu'8' cfpg'eGbf k/} /f]lsG5, slt xf] slt eL8 x'G5
lg t, To} eP/ === .Æ
clg xfdL r'krfk kmls{of}F . clusf] a]r}gL / clglZrttfsf] 7fpF ca
;Gt'li6 / lglZrGttfn] lnPsf] lyof] . xfdLn] a8] dxfb]jsf] klg bz{g ug{ Eofof}F
. kfFr ah]kl5 xfdL d'Vo ;8sdf lg:Sof}F slknf gbLdf ag]sf] 3f6 ToxLF /x]5 .
hlt;'s} Jojl:yt eP klg gbLsf] kfgL kmf]xf]/ /x]5 . To; 3f6df g'xfpg' 7Ls lyPg .
wGg xfdL klxNo} cfP/ of] b'u{lt x]/]/ kms{]g5f}F eGg] nfUof] . To; df]6]n]
gbLdf ul/g] :gfgsf] dlxdf eg]sf] lyof] . k08fn] t xfdLnfO{ o;} 3f6df g'xfP/
cfPsf x'g'k5{ eg]sf] lyof] . d r'k nfu]sf] lyPF . sxfF g'xfpg ;Sg' o:tf]
b'u{Gwk"0f{ 3f6df < kz'kltsf] cfo{3f6h:t} 5 oxfF, gg'xfO{ bz{g u/]sfn]
;fob xfdLn] kmn kfpFb}gf}F .
ToxfFaf6 a; kqmL d};'/ kmSof{}F .
xfdL rf/} hgf d};'/sf] k|sfz /]lh8]G;Lsf] e'OFtnfsf] l/;]K;gcufl8
;f]kmfdf cf/fd ug{ a:of}F . lbge/sf] ysfg lyof], st} uOxfNg hfFu/ nfu]sf] lyPg
.
æefO Û ef]lnsf] 6«]g slt ah]sf] 5 <Æ bfh'n] xf]6ndf k'u]kl5
;f]Wg'ePsf] lyof] .
æxfdL a]n'sf rf/ ah] 6«]g kqmL ptf e]nf]/ hfg]5f}F . To;}n] laxfg Pp6f
gofF :yfgsf] e|d0f ug'{ 5 . To;sf nflu Pp6f nf]sn 6«]g kqmg' 5 . laxfg 5 ah] g}
.Æ
æ5 ah] g} <Æ ;Ltf s/fOg\ .
æcF, 5 ah] g} . xfdL glhs}sf] Pp6f ;x/ hfg]5f}F . s[i0f/fhfgu/f .
kRrL;–tL; lsnf]ld6/ dfq 5 . oxfF hfFbf xfdLn] cl:tsf lbg b]Vg gkfPsf]
s[i0f/fhf;fu/sf] Ps c+z b]Vg kfpg]5f}F . 6«]g ;f]xL ;fu/sf] Ps 5]pdf k'naf6 kf/
u/]/ hfG5 .Æ
æ/fd|f] 7fpF 5fGg'xf]nf .Æ d]g'sf efph"n] eGg'eof] .
æcfhsf ;f]dgfyk'/f / >Ls07]Zj/ /fd|f nfu]gg\ / <Æ d}n] xfF:t}
eg]F .
æx]x] . d}n] To;f] eg]sf] xf]Og . tkfO{Fn] hxfF nUg'x'G5, hfg of]Uo
7fpFd} nUg'x'G5 To;f] t .Æ efph"n] eGg'eof] .
æef]ln hfg] 7fpFsf] af/]df d}n] vf;} cWoog u/]sf] 5}g . clg Tof] 7fpF
cfh jf lxhf] uPh:tf] ko{6sLo dxŒjsf] klg xf]Og . ;fwf/0f ahf/ / u|fdL0f
b[Zofjnf]sgsf nflu hfg] xf] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æhxfF eP klg hfcf}F g . a]n'sf rf/ ah];Dd To;} al;/xg] s'/f ePg t .Æ
bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
æd};'/sf nflu d}n] tLg lbg k"/f 5'6\6\ofPsf] o; :yfgsf] ljz]if dxŒj
eP/} xf] . ef]ln hfg] 7fpF klg sfj]/L gbLlsgf/d} k5{ . cs{]Zj/ gfdsf] rlr{t
dlGb/ 5 ToxfF . ;"o{gf/fo0fsf] dlGb/ xf] . xfdL afx| ah]leqdf kms{g]5f}F .
clg tLg 306fhlt ;'t]/ cf/fd ub{} latfOlbg]5f}F .Æ
clg xfdL vfgf vfg glhs}sf] ;Gtf]if xf]6ndf uof}F .
vfgf kl5 sf]7fdf uof}F .
æn'uf w'g'k5{ . lxhf]sf sk8f klg d}n} 5g\ .Æ sf]7fdf k;]kl5 ;Ltfn]
lrGtf k|s6 ul/g\ . pgn] n'uf wf]pGh]ndf ef]lnkN6 x]g{ kfOg], x]g{}kg{] / cGo
:yfgx¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L a6'Ng d df]afOndf cfFvf 8'nfpg yfn]F . g]6 vf]n]/
ef]lnsf nflu csf{] j}slNks :yn vf]Hg sf]l;; u/]F .
d}n] x'AanL, lrqb'u{ cflb :yfgsf] af/]df ;/{ hfgsf/L vf]h]F, lsgeg]
d}n] /f]h]sf] s[i0f/fhfgu/f hfg] 6«]g g} ;f] af6f] eP/ x'AanL;Dd hfg] lyof] .
t/ x'AanL k'Ub}df afx| aHg]jfnf lyof] . lrqb'u{df klg x]g{ nfos :yfgx¿ /]nj]af6
6f9f6f9f /x]5g\ . Totfaf6 kms{gsf nflu 6«]gsf] ;do ldn]g . a; kqmg'kg{] x'GYof]
. To; lx;fan] b'O{ ah];Dddf kms{g] ;Defjgf sd b]v]/ d}n] of] /x/ Tofu]F .
clg klZrdlt/sf lalNns]/], x'G;'/, lkl/ofk6gf cflb :yfgsf] af/]df klg
vf]hL u/]F . dnfO{ lkl/of k6\6gfsf] af/]df yk ?lr eof] . of] :yfg ltAatL
z/0ffyL{x¿sf] ;x/ xf] . oxfFsf u'Daf / r}Tox¿ x]g{ ljZje/af6 dflg; cfpF5g\ .
csf{] s'/f, of] :yfg ;'tL{ pTkfbgsf nflu gfd'b 5 . ef/tsf ;'tL{ pTkfbs :yfgdWo]
of] Ps xf] . d ;'tL{ pTkfbg / vktnfO{ lg?T;fxg u/f}F eG5' . d}n] oltsf 6f9f
cfP/ ;'tL{ pTkfbsnfO{ dxŒj lbgfn] dnfO{ lrGg] ;'tL{ pTkfbs / vktstf{nfO{ yk
pT;fx ldNg] nfu]/ Tof] nIo klg cg'ko'St dfg]F .
t/ oxfFsf] gfDbf]lnª u'Daf e|d0fsf nflu Psbd of]Uo 5 . kfFr xhf/ af}4
leIf'x¿ a:g] Tolt ljzfn u'Daf hfg}kg{] 7fpF xf] . glhs} b'af/} xfQL kfng :yn 5
. ToxfF k'u]/ xfQL r9\g kfOof] eg] csf{] dhf x'G5 . a]6\68fk'/f 8fF8fsf]
6'Kkfsf] dlGb/;Dd k'Ug ;lsof] eg] t s'/} leGg}, hLjgel/ ;Demg of]Uo ofqf aGg]5
.
df};d x]/]F . Totf ef]lnkN6 lbge/ w'lDdg] / kfgL kg{] b]lvof] . ca
em/Lavf{df To:tf] kxf8L e"efu x]g[ nfos x'Fb}g . km]l/ olt ;ayf]s ul/;Sg
xfdL;Fu slt klg ;do k'Ub}g . ;Q/L lsnf]ld6/ cft]hft]d} 5–;ft 306f hfG5, clg laxfg
5 ah] lxF8]df a]n'sf b'O{ ah] cfpg] ePdf cf7 306f dfq ;do 5 . o;f] lx;fa u/]F,
ghfg' a]; b]lvof] .
æef]ln stf hfg] c/] <Æ ;Ltfn] n'uf wf]O;s]/ ;'sfpFb} ;f]lwg\ .
xfdLn] sGofs'df/Ldf lsg]sf] Knfl:6ssf] kftnf] 8f]/L sf]7fdf st} em'G8\ofO{ n'uf
;'sfpg] tl/sf lgsfn]sf lyof}F . n'uf ;'sfO;s]kl5 pgL dg]/ cfOg\ .
æv} lglZrt ePsf] 5}g . d ;jf{]Qd nIo vf]Hb} 5' .Æ
æca vf]h]/ x'G5 < cl:t g} vf]h]sf] eP kf] Û st} ghfcf}F . cfgGbn] a;f}F
sf]7fdf .Æ pgL clns a9L g} yfs]sL lyOg\ .
/ftsf] ;f9] gf} ah]lt/ 9f]sf 9s9s u¥of] . 9f]sf vf]Nbf o'j/fh bfh'
x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 . pxfFn] r'sGb/ sf6]/ Kn]6df Nofpg'ePsf] /x]5 . xfdLn]
sGofs'df/Lb]lv g} k|ltlbg eg]h:tf] r'sGb/ vfO/x\of}F . :ofp / cª\u'/ otf t
g]kfndf eGbf lgs} dxFuf nfu] . To;}n] :ofp clns sd vfof}F . s]/frflxF otf w]/}
dxFuf] . t/ klg vfg' kl/xfNof] . lt?jgGtk'/df t k|ltsf];f kGw| ?lkofF lt/]/
;d]t vfof}F . ef/tLo kGw| ?lkofF eg]sf] sd xf] / < t/ klg vfg dg nfu]kl5
nfUof]–nfUof] .
æof]hgf aGof] <Æ bfh'n] ;f]Wg'eof] .
ænueu aGof] . ef]ln 5 ah]sf] 6«]g ;dfTg] xf] . s[i0f/fhfgu/f hfg] .
sf]7faf6 kfFr ah] t lg:sg}k5{ .Æ d}n] eg]F . jf:tjdf sxfF hfg] eGg] ljifodf
cem} d 3f]lTnO/x]sf] lyPF . s[i0f/fhfgu/feGbf cem dxŒjsf] 7fpF t/ glhs}sf]
xf];\ eGg] vf]hL hf/L lyof] .
d};'/sf] klZrdL v08sf uf]gLsf]Kkf / kf]Ggdk]6sf] af/]df yk vf]hL u/]F .
uf]gLsf]Kkfsf] skmL v]tL, kf]Ggdk]6sf] wfgv]t / gl/jnsf au}Frfsf] e|d0f kmnbfoL
x'g] x'G5 . t/ olt ;fgf] 7fpFnfO{ Tolt w]/} dxŒj lbg klg dg dfg]g . kxf8L
v08sf] ofqf lsg ug'{ / eGg] klg eof], kxf8} /fHg] eP g]kfnsf kxf8 slt xf] slt
;'Gb/ 5g\, g]kfns} e|d0f ubf{ eOuf] lg, olt 6f9f cfP/ lsg b'Mv kfpg] <
cGTodf ef]lnkN6 s[i0f/fhfgu/f hfg], cfs{]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] bz{g ug{] / sfj]/L
gbLsf] hnn] lz/ l;~rg ug{] ljrf/ v]nfpFb} ;'t]F .
gf]e]Da/ !, @)@# , a'wjf/ . /flq 6«]g
laxfg lapFlemFbf ;f9] rf/ aHg nfu]sf] /x]5 . xtf/xtf/ lxF8]/ /]nj]
:6];g k'Uof}F . d};'/sf] /]nj] :6];g plt eL8ef8o'St / 7"nf] 5}g . ;xh}
l6s6 lnP/ 6«]g r9\of}F . af6fdf u|fdL0f a:tL / ljzfn k}mnfj6sf v]tL b]lvP . otf
wfgv]tL v'a} x'Fbf] /x]5 . hldg d}bfgh:tf] ;Dd 5}g, kxf8 klg xf]Og . cUnf]
e"ld dfq xf] . otfsf gbLdf kfgLsf] dfqf Psbd sd b]lvof] / ;a} gbLdf ;s];Dd
a9L afFw afFwL l;FrfOsf] k|aGw u/]sf] b]lvof] . gx/}gx/ 5g\ htftt} . wfgsf]
v]tLls;fgL ug{sf nflu hldg ;lhnf] 5}g . v]tsf u/f ;fgf ePsfn] 6«ØfS6/ rnfpg
ufx|f] k5{ .
clg s[i0f/fhf;fu/ b]lvof] . d gS;f x]b}{ o; If0fsf] k|tLIffdf lyPF .
ofq'bnsf ;a} ;b:onfO{ ca ;ts{ eO{ hnfzosf] cjnf]sg ug{ eg]F . geGb} Ps}l5gdf
ljzfn hnfzo b]lvof] . laxfg ;a]/} ePsfn] Psvfn] x':;' of kf7n] k/ lIflth wldnf]
b]lvP klg o; ;fu/sf] km}nfj6 cg'dfg ug{ ;lsg] g} 5 . x'g t of] cToGt ljzfn tfn
xf], hlt;'s} ;kmf df};ddf klg ;fu/sf] b; k|ltzt b]Vg] ;Defjgf x'Fb}g . t/ klg
xfdL /dfof}F . kfgLsf] ;tx ev{/ clnslt a9]h:tf] 5 . ;'Svf hldgdf emf/ 5 / ev{/}
kfgL a9]/ emf/ 9fSt} 5 . o;sf] dtna of] efu jif{sf] w]/}h;f] dlxgf ;'Svf /xG5 /
avf{sf] cGTolt/ aNn hnfzo el/P/ oxfF;Dd kfgL cfOk'U5 .
t/ klg cem tLgrf/ lkm6 pFrfO;Dd v]tLkftL u/]sf] b]lvPg . o;sf] cy{
hnfzo c¿ tLg rf/ lkm6 el/g} 5 . sflQssf] dWo a]nf 5, otf ev{/ hnfzox¿ el/g
nfu]sf 5g\ . cgf}7f] nfU5 .
d;Fu}sf] ofq'nfO{ d}n] of] s'/f eg]F . p;n] eGof]– æo;kfln jiff{ lgs}
sd k/]sf] 5 . ca hn;tx o;eGbf vf;} clUng] b]lvFb}g . avf{ofd ;dfKt x'g nfUbf
o:tf] xfnt 5, ls;fgn] ca s;/L l;FrfO ug{] < s;/L afFRg] <Æ
p;sf] cg'xf/el/ kL8f kf]ltof] .
;f9] 5 aHbf xfdL s[i0f/fhfgu/f /]nj] :6];gdf k'lu;s]sf lyof}F .
6«]gaf6 cf]n{]kl5 cfsf;] k'n t/]/ xfdL ;x/k6\l6 nfUof}F . of] efu
cw{kxf8L 5 . dtna kxf8h:tf] 7f8f] psfnf] 5}g / d}bfg klg xf]Og . emGg}emGg}
xfd|f] sf7df8f}Fsf] d"nkfgL, ;fFv'lt/sf] hldgh:tf] nfU5 . cfwf 306fhltdf
xfdL d'Vo ;8sdf k'Uof}F . dflg;x¿ Psbd sd lyP .
s[i0f/fhfk'/f gofF ;x/ xf] . ;g\ !(@) df sfj]/L gbLdf cfPsf] eofgs
af9Ln] o]bftf]/] ufpFnfO{ aufof] . ufpF Wj:t ePkl5 tTsfnLg zf;sx¿n] a:tLnfO{
gofF 7fpFdf ;fg{' clgjfo{ b]v] . cfhsf] o]bftf]/] ufpF km]l/ kl5 dflg; a;fO
;/]/ ag]sf] xf] . ;d:t a:tL ;/]/ s[i0f/fhfgu/f ag]sfn] o]bftf]/] gfddfqsf] a:tL
5 . of] gofF ;x/ Psbd 5l/Psf] 5 / cfkm\gf] ;jf/L ;fwg gx'g]x¿sf nflu ;x/leqsf] ofqf
emGeml6nf] 5 .
xfdL a; r9]/ ;f]em} cs{]Zj/ dlGb/ uof}F . of] :yfg o]bftf]/] ufpFdf 5 .
o]bftf]/] clxn] klg v]tx¿sf aLrsf] ;fgf] ufpF /x]5 . dlGb/ k'Ug] a]nfdf
7"nf] u]6 /x]5 . xfdLn] kmf]6f] lvFRof}F . clg dlGb/df k'Uof}F . xl/ofnL /
/l;nf] v]tsf aLrdf 5 of] k|frLg t/ la:ofxf/ dlGb/ cs{]Zj/ .
klxn] o;nfO{ s'nf]Q'ª\u rf]n k|ydn] agfPsf lyP . b'O{–;f9] b'O{ ;o
jif{cl3 d};'/ clw/fHosf zf;s dxf/fh s[i0f/fhf jf]8]o/ t[tLon] cfh b]lvPsf] :j¿kdf
agfPsf x'g\ . of] dlGb/ ef/tLo k'/ftŒj ljefudf ;"rLs[t eO{ /fHo;/sf/åf/f
;+/lIft ;Dkbf ePsf] 5 .
cfs{]Zj/ dlGb/sf] clnslt klZrdk6\l6 ptf sfj]/L gbLkfl/ ef/tLo ;/sf/åf/f
;+/lIft ;Dkbfsf] ¿kdf csf{] klg k|frLg dlGb/ 5 . Tof] xf] >L of]u]Gb]Zj/
;/:jtL ;+:yfgd\ . o]bftf]/] d7 cå}t ;+:yfg xf] . of] klg oxfFsf] k|frLg ;+/rgf
xf] . glhs} k'/fgL dl:hb klg 5 . xfdL gbLkfl/sf] ;/:jtL dlGb/, cå}t d7 / dl:hb
uPgf}F .
xfdL t gbLsf crDd nfUg] uf]nf / lrNnf 9'ª\uf x]/]/} 5Ss k¥of}F . xfd|f]
bds ;x/af6 ;f]em} pQ/ dw'dNnfaf6 s]xL k"j{ k]?ª\u]sf] gfd'b Rofk 5 . Tof]
Rofk kf/ u/]kl5 o:t} lrNnf 9'ª\uf e]l6G5g\ . b'?:t} o:t}, g]kfnsf 9'ª\uf w]/}
7"nf, nueu tL;–rfnL; lsnf]u|fdsf / oxfFsf ;fgf, d6\ofª\u|fhqf dfq .
xfdL 3f6df uof}F / ;a}lt/ x]/]/ /dfof}F . laxfgsf] cf7 aHb} lyof] / 3fd
ev{/ tfTg nfu]sf] lyof] . xfdL ;f9] ;ft ah]lt/} oxfF cfOk'u]sf, t/ k'hf/Ln] cf7
ah]dfq dlGb/ vf]N5g\ eGg] ;'g]sfn] sltv]/ k'hf/L cfpnfg\ eg]/ klv{/fVof}F . s]
cfpFy], cfPgg\ . leQfdf k'hf/Lsf] kmf]g gDa/ n]v]sf] /x]5, xfdLn] ltgnfO{
af]nfPgf}F klg . :yfgLox¿ dlg{ª jfssf] ¿kdf dlGb/sf] jl/kl/ agfOPsf] lkr ;8sdf
km6fkm6 lxF8]/ kl/qmdf ubf{ /x]5g\ . d}n] klg gf} k]m/f 3'd]/ Psvfn] dlg{ª jfs
u/]F .
kljq sfj]/L gbLsf] lkFw 9'ª\u}9'ª\ufsf] /x]5 . oxfFsf] hldg ;d'b|;txaf6
&%# ld6/ cUnf] /x]5 . gbL aUb} tn s[i0f/fhf;fu/ afFw;Dd k'Ub5 .
s[i0f/fhf;fu/ afFw afFw]/ sfj]/L / o;sf ;xfos gbLx¿ x]dfjtL tyf
nId0ftLy{;d]tsf] kfgL km'nL !@( ju{lsnf]ld6/sf] ljzfn tnfp ag]sf] 5 . t/ oxfF
gbL x]bf{ casf] s]xL lsnf]ld6/ tn o;nfO{ y'lgPsf] 5 eGg] cg'dfg g} ug{ g;lsg],
lsgls gbL oxfF lgs} cf]/fnf] au]sf] 5 .
j/k/ ;a}lt/ wfgsf xl/of v]t lyP . otflt/ sflt{ssf] dWo eP klg ev{/} wfg
k;fpg yfn]sf] b]lvof] . x'g t otflt/ jif{}el/ wfg /f]Kg] / sf6\g] ul/G5, t/
oxfF glhs} st} klg /f]kfOF ub{} u/]sf] b[Zo b]lvPg . ;a}lt/ wfg kf]6fPsf] jf
k;fpg yfn]sf] b]lvof] . htftt} Psbd xl/ofnL 5 oxfF .
k'hf/L cfpg] 5fF6sfF6 gb]v]kl5 ;f9] cf7 ah]lt/ xfdL ToxfFaf6 lxF8\of}F
. glhs} ;8slsgf/df Pp6f lgs} /fd|f] /]:6'/fF /x]5 . xfdLn] ToxfF k;]/ lrofgf:tf
lnof}F clg ;8sdf lg:s]/ a; r9L d};"/lt/ nfUof}F .
d}n] d};'/ ;x/sf] e|d0fof]hgf agfpFbf s]xL yk :yfgsf] af/]df klg ;fdfGo
lrgf/L a6'n]sf] lyPF . hfg g;s] klg s]s] 5'6fOof] eGg] yfxf xf];\ g
cfkm"nfO{ . d};'/ lrl8ofvfgfg]/sf] ev{/} ag]sf] hnhGt' k|bz{gL :yn nf]s/~hg cSjf jN8{ cG8/jf6/ h' cg]s hnhGt'sf] eJo k|bz{gL x'G5 . PdhLcf/P; jf6/kfs{, :ofG8 Do'lhod,
z's jg a8{ :ofª\Ro'c/L / af]G;fO{ uf8]{g klg e|d0fof]Uo 5g\ .
d};'/leq s;/L e|d0f ug]{ < d};'/df oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf /fd|f] 5 . dfly
pNn]v ul/Psf nueu ;a} :yfgsf nflu ;fj{hlgs a;sf] pknAwtf 5 . a}ª\Unf]/sf]
lx;fan] x]g]{ xf] eg] oxfFsf 6ØfS;L / c6f] klg w]/} ;:tf k5{g\ . d};'? 3'Dgsf
nflu ;a}eGbf pQd tl/sfrflxF df]6/;fOsndf x'G5 . 5'§Lsf lbgdf df]6/;fOsn kfpg
rflxF sl7g 5 . oxfF lghL a;n] ko{6g u/fpg] k|aGw /x]5 . xfdLn] Ps lbg ;f]
;'ljwf k|of]u u/L d};'/ ;ª\u|xfno, cDafljnf; b/af/, ;]G6 lkmnf]ldgf rr{,
lrl8ofvfgf, sf/GhL tfn, rfd'08]Zj/L, s[i0f/fhf ;fu/, j[Gbfjg uf8{]G; cflb Ps}
lbgdf 3'Dof}F . ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L ;fwg k|of]u u/]sf] eP sDtLdf b'O{ lbg t nfUg] g}
lyof] . 6'/ ufO8n] oxfFrflxF a}ª\unf]/df h:tf] yf]/} ;do glbP/ clns ;do lbP .
clns dhfn] x]g{ kfOof] . xfdLn] x]/]sf :yfgsf] af/]df dfly g} kof{Kt lrgf/L
lbPs} 5' . ;f/} xtf/df ofqf ug{]n] of] ljsNk /f]h]sf] a]; . t/ xfdLn] h:t} u/L
tLg lbg ;do lgsfNg ;Sg] xf] eg] rflxF To:tf] ko{6g a; k|of]u ug'{eGbf t a?
6\ofS;L lbge/sf nflu l/ha{ ug{' pQd b]lvof] . kfFr;ft hgf ePdf t ToxL ljsNk
;:tf];d]t k5{ .
s] vfg] < a6/ 8f];f . l:6«6 km'8 o; ;x/df w]/} nf]slk|o 5g\ .
;'sfPsf] km"nsf]kL / cG8f lkHhf oxfF v'a vfOG5 . d};'/ kfs gaf]sL sf] 3/
hfG5 / < olt dL7f] kfs cGoq sxLF kfOg] klg xf]Og . ;x/sf] nueu ;a} s'gfdf
d};'/ kfs kfOG5 .
s] lsGg] < d};'/ oxfFsf] /]zdL sk8fsf nflu gfd'b 5 . oxfFsf] /]zd
pBf]u ljZjdf gfd'b 5 . /]zdL ;f8Lx¿ 5 xhf/b]lv rfnL; xhf/;Dddf lsGg ;lsG5 .
d};'/ cfpg]n] oxfF rGbg lsGb5g\ . oxfFsf] rGbg ;jf]{Ts[Ó u'0fsf] x'G5 . xfdL
ofqfsf] qmddf cem} w]/} :yfg k'Ug afFsL /x]sfn] lslgPsf] ;fdfg emf]nfdf
af]sLaf]sL w]/} lbg ef}Ftfl/g'kg{] ;d:of ;Dem]/ hlt;'s} OR5f eP klg s]xL glsgL
kmls{of}F .
!@= e]nf]/ -ljNnf]/_
gf]e]Da/ @, @)@# laxLjf/ .
hLcf/ dfg;g, e]nf]/
tldngf8" /fHodf kg{] ljNnf]/ 3'Dgsf nflu lxpFbsf] ;do pQd xf] .
c;f]h–sf¨ts jf kmfu'g r}t klg plt v/fa ;do xf]Ogg\ . ljNnf]/ of e]nf]/
g]kfnLx¿sf nflu gofF 7fpF xf]Og . cg]s sf/0fn] o;sf] rrf{ eO/fV5, vf;u/L
oxfFsf] c:ktfnsf] s'/f a9L x'G5 . ljNnf]/sf] ;LPd;L c:ktfnsf] d]l8sn ;]jf
g]kfnLx¿n] klg kfO/x]sf 5f}F .
!= ;LPd;L c:ktfn M lqml:6og d]l8sn sn]h
e]nf]/ lqml:6og ;d'bfoåf/f ;~rflnt Ps d]l8sn :s'n, c:ktfn / cg';Gwfgs]Gb| xf] .
of] tldngf8' 8f= PdhLcf/ d]l8sn ljZjljBfno;Fu cg'alGwt sn]h xf] . of] ;g\ !())
df Ps cd]l/sg ld;g/L, 8f= O8f P;= :s'8/åf/f :yflkt xf] . 8f= O8f :s'8/ r]Gg}af6
;f7L lsnf]ld6/ k/sf] l6lG8jgd\ eGg] ufpFdf hGd]sL lyOg\ . pgsf dftflktf 8fS6/
lyP . pgL 8fS6/ aGg k6Ss} rfxGglyg\ . ha pgn] blIf0f ef/tdf dflg; clgsfn, Joflw
/ d[To'sf] eofgs b'Zrqm b]lvg\ . To; ;dodf dflg;sf] ;/b/ cfo' @% jif{ lyof] .
pgnfO{ 8fS6/ ag]/ dflg;sf] ;]jf ug{] dg knfof] . kl5 logL lqml:6og
ld;g/Ldf sfd ug{ yflng\ . pgn] Pp6f a]8 ePsf] ;fgf] l8:k]G;/L vf]lng\ .
la/fdLsf] eL8n] pgL ljrlnt eOgg\ . pgn] dlxnf sDkfpG8/ tflnd ;~rfng ug{ yflng\
. clg l8:k]G;/LnfO{ qmdzM lj:tf/ ub{} nlug\ . ca o;n] c:ktfnsf] cfsf/ lnOxfNof]
. !(!* df pgn] dlxnf lkmlhl;og k9fpg] sn]h vf]lng\ . pgn] cfkm\g} hLjgsfndf
o;nfO{ ljzfn d]l8sn sn]hsf] ¿kdf b]Vg kfOg\ .
;LPd;L e]nf]/n] ef/tsf] d]l8sn If]qdf ljlzi6 :yfg /fv]sf] 5 . o;n] ;g\
!($^ df ef/tdf klxnf] gl;{ª sn]h :yfkgf u¥of] . ljZjdf ;j{k|yd s'i7/f]uLsf]
k'glg{df{0f ;h{/L !($* df ug{ ;Sof] . ;g\ !(^! df ef/tdf ;j{k|yd cf]kg xf6{
;h{/L ug{ ;kmn eof] . ef/td} ;j{k|yd d[uf}nf k|Tof/f]k0f oxLF ul/of] . of] s'/f
;g\ !(&! sf] xf] . oltdfq xf]Og ef/td} ;j{k|yd !(*^ df df;L -af]g Dof/f]_
k|Tof/f]k0f oxLF ul/of] . o;}u/L ef/td} ;j{k|yd cldNbf] -incompatible_ d[uf}nfsf] k|Tof/f]k0f klg oxLF ;Dej eof] .
;/ cn]Sh]G8/ km\n]ldª, dxfTdf ufGwL, 8f= /fh]Gb| k|;fb, OlGb/f ufGwL,
PkLh] cAb'n snfd cflb cg]s ljZjk|l;4 /fhg]tfx¿n] o; c:ktfnsf] e|d0f u/]sf 5g\ .
clxn] oxfF ljleGg !&% lsl;dsf kf]:6 u|fh'P6 sf];{ k9fO x'G5 .
a;{]lg !)) PdaLaLP;;lxt kf]:6u|fh'P6, kf]:6u|fh'P6 l8Knf]df, df:6;{, kLPr8L u/L
@,^)) ljBfyL{ egf{ x'G5g\ . lbgx'F cf7 xhf/ la/fdL cf]kL8L / b'O{ xhf/ la/fdL
jf8{df pkrf/ kfpF5g\ . oxfF ^& jf8{, (@ lSnlgs / !%) eGbf a9L ljefu 5g\ . o;
d]l8sn sn]hn] 8ANo'Prcf] tyf cGo cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx¿åf/f k'/:s[t / ;Ddflgt x'g
kfPsf] 5 .
e]Nnf]/sf] d'Vo c:ktfnafx]s ptf afufofddf klg !%@* 8fS6/, @%)) g;{;lxt
*,*)) :6fkm 5g\ . afufofd e]Nnf]/af6 & lsnf]ld6/ k/ 5 . o:t} u/L ptf !@
lsnf]ld6/ k/sf] /fgLk]6df gofF c:ktfn ag]sf] 5 . ;x/sf] d'Vo c:ktfnaf6
/fgLk]6sf] c:ktfn hfg–cfpgsf nflu c:ktfnn] la/fdL / la/fdLsf s'?jfsf nflu
lgMz'Ns a;sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .
xfdL sf6kf8L k'Ubf laxfgsf] b'O{ ah]sf] lyof] . olt /flt stf hfg' <
pHofnf] gxf]pGh]nsf nflu xfdL ToxLF Kn]6kmfd{df a:of}F . bfh', efph" /
;Ltf kmnfd] s';L{df a;]/ pF£b} x'g'x'GYof], drflxF e'OFdf tGgf la5\ofP/ 9Ns]F .
æ7fpFsf] gfd s] xf] c/] efph" <Æ d lhl:sO/xGy]F . ;Ltf /
efph"nfO{ otfsf 7fpF, dlGb/, kfs{, b/af/, lsNnf cflb ;a}sf gfd cToGt
cK7\of/f nfu] . d ;DemfO/xGy]F, t/ elg;Stf e'ln;Sg] pxfFx¿rflxF .
sf6kf8Lsf] gfdrflxF efph"n] ;Demg] tl/sf lgsfNg'ePsf] lyof]– ækf8L
sf6\g] 7fpF cyf{t\ kf8L sf6\ . olt ;Dem\of] eg] x'G5 .Æ
o;f] eGb} pxfF dhfn] xfF:g'x'GYof] . ;LtfrflxF lv:; xfFl:yg\ .
æo; 7fpFdf t xfdL klxn] klg cfPsf lyof}F lg, xf]Og / <Æ bfh'n]
;f]Wg'eof] .
æxf] . Pgh]kLaf6 lt?jgGtk'/d\ k'Ug] xfd|f] 6«]g o;} :yfg eP/ uPsf] xf]
. xfdL lt?jgGtk'/d\af6 sGofs'df/L, db'/}, /fd]Zj/d\, lt?lr/fkNnL, t]Ghf}/,
lrbDa/d\, lkrj/d\, t]Ghf}/, lt?lr/fkNnL, a}ª\Unf]/, d};'/ x'Fb} oxfF cfPsf .
d};'/af6 oxfF cfpFbf a}ª\Unf]/ eP/} t cfof}F . o; :yfgdf xfdL km]l/ kl5 kms{g]
a]nfdf klg cfOk'Ug]5f}F .
ælsg To;/L kmgkmgL 3'dfPsf] t xfdLnfO{ <Æ efph"n] xfF:t}
;f]Wg'eof] .
æaf6} To:tf] k/]sf] 5, xfdLn] rfx]sf :yfgx¿ k'Ug o;} u/L lxF8\g'kg{]
ePsf] 5 . xfdL Psf]xf]/f] st} uO/xg]5}gf}F . kl5 cGTodf k'gM Pgh]kL k'Ug' 5 lg,
To:t} .Æ d}n] of]hgf agfpFbf ljrf/ gk'¥ofP/ o:tf] gePsf] k|:6 kfg{ vf]h]F .
clg pxfFx¿ 9';'9';' pF£g yfNg'eof] . d t Psl5g dh}n] lgbfPF5' . pHofnf]
ePkl5 xfdL sf6kf8L 5f8]/ a; kqmL e]Nnf]/lt/ nfUof}F . oxfFaf6 e]Nnf]/ Psbd
glhs} /x]5 .
knf/ gbLlsgf/sf] of] ;x/ klxn] s'g} dxŒjsf] lyPg . pTkfbg klg Psbd sd
x'g] ;'Svf ufpF lyof] . l9:sfl9:sL htftt} eP/ oftfoft klg c;xh x'GYof] . ha
;LPd;L c:ktfn v'Nof], o;n] Psbd l56f] ;x/Ls/0f x'g kfof] . cfh e]Nnf]/ lgs}
7"nf] ;x/ nfU5 .
xfdL e]Nnf]/ cfpgf;fy Pp6f c6f] kqm]/ xf]6nsf] vf]hLdf nfUof}F . oxfF
la/fdL cfpg] ePsfn] xf]6nx¿df dflg; nfdf] ;do;Dd a:5g\ . ctM oxfFsf xf]6n
cGoqsf x]/L w]/} ;:tf 5g\ . oxfFsf xf]6ndf ksfP/ vfgsf nflu efF8fs'F8f,
efG;fsf]7f cflb ;d]t kfOg] /x]5 . xfdLn] tLgrf/ 7fpFdf sf]7f x]¥of}F . sf]7f
;:tf t x'g\ t/ plt ;kmf;'U3/ xf]Ogg\ .
cGTodf sf6kf8L /f]8df /x]sf] ‘hLcf/ dfG;g’ gfdsf] ;fwf/0f xf]6ndf b'O6f
sf]7f lnof}F . cfkm\gf emf]nfem\ofD6f la;fP/ xfdL 8'Ng lg:Sof}F . d}n] u'undf
x]/]F, ;LPd;L Psbd} glhs} /x]5 . xfdL k}bn} uof}F .
;LPd;Lsf j/k/ lgs}lt/ 8'Nof}F . Odh{]G;L jf8{, cf]kL8L jf8{, 8fS6/x¿sf
Sjf6{/ cflb 3'Dof}F . gl;{ª sn]h klg k'Uof}F . olt 3'Dbf laxfgsf] gf} ah]sf]
lyof] xf]nf . ca xfdLnfO{ ef]s nfu]sf] lyof] . aflx/ lg:s]/ Pp6f /f]8;fO8
xf]6ndf vfgf vfof}F .
ca xfdL k'gM ;LPd;Lsf cGo v08x¿ 3'Dg eg]/ lg:Sof}F . emfkfsf]
rf/cfnLlt/sf Ps hgf bfxfn efO;Fu e]6 eof] . pgn] ptf /fgLk]6sf] c:ktfn hfg /
x]g{ eg] . xfdL c:ktfnn] pknAw u/fPsf] lgMz'Ns a; r9]/ kfgLk]6l:yt ;LPd;Lsf]
gofF Ansdf k'Uof}F . of] cem Jojl:yt, 7"nf] / cfsif{s /x]5 . ;a}lt/ 3'dL3'dL
cjnf]sg ug{ kfOof] . c:ktfnaflx/sf] u|fdL0f / kxf8L kl/j]z klg cjnf]sg ug{
kfOof] . /fd|f] eof] . xfdL oxfFaf6 kms{Fbf afx| ah]sf] lyof] xf]nf .
clg xfdL ljNnf]/ lsNnf x]g{ uof}F . udL{ ax't} lyof] t/ klg xfdL k}bn}
uof}F . plt xtf/ klg t lyPg . :yfgLox¿nfO{ ;f]w]/ ;xh} k'lug] /x]5 ljNnf]/
lsNnf . xfdLn] otf ;LPd;Laf6 guP/ ;f]em} xf]6n ePsf] rf]saf6 k'/fgf] a; :6]G8
hfg'kg{] /x]5 . af6f] ;f]emf], 5f]6f] / ;lhnf] kg{] /x]5 . clg ljNnf]/ lsNnfsf]
cjnf]sgdf xfdL b'O{ 306fhlt x/fof}F .
@ ljNnf]/ lsNnf M ;LPd;L c:ktfnaf6 k}bn}
k'lug] b"/Ldf /x]sf] of] lsNnf nueu $%) jif{ k'/fgf] xf] . of] lsNnf 7"nf7"nf
kTy/n] agfPsf] 5 . ljNnf]/ lsNnfsf] jl/kl/ jf6/df]6 w]/} km/flsnf] / ulx/f] 5 .
p; hdfgfdf o; df]6df uf]xLx¿ klg 5fl8Gy] tf ls zq' of] df]6 kf/ u/]/ cfqmd0f
ug{ c;dy{ xf];\ . ljhogu/ /fHosf /fhfx¿n] agfPsf] o; lsNnfnfO{ kl5 lahfk'/sf
;'Ntfgx¿n] lhtL oxLFaf6 /fHo u/] . To;kl5 d/f7fx¿sf xftdf of] kg{ uof] . c´ kl5
sgf{l6s gjfasf] zf;g oxfF cfOk'Uof] . s0ff{6s gjfax¿kl5 of] :yfg la|l6;x¿sf]
xftdf k'Uof] . xfn of] ef/tLo k'/ftŒj ljefusf] ;+/If0fdf 5 .
ljNnf]/ kmf]6{ cg]s P]ltxfl;s 36gfx¿sf] ;fÔL /x]sf] 5 . oxfFsf
;'Ntfgsf] xTofkl5 p;sf kl/jf/hgnfO{ oxLF s}b ul/of] . >LnÍfsf clGtd /fhf
>Lljqmdf /fhfl;Gxfsf] kl/jf/nfO{ klg a]nfotLx¿n] o;} lsNnfdf s}b u/] . kl5
!()^ df o;} ljNnf]/ kmf]6{leq ljNnf]/ ljb|f]x eof] . ljNnf]/ kmf]6{leq Ps dl:hb
b]lvG5 . cfsf{6 gafjåf/f lgld{t Tof] dl:hb aGb cj:yfdf 5 . ;DejtM d'l:nd
zf;sx¿n] nfdf] ;do;Dd o;nfO{ lghL k|fy{gfejgsf] ¿kdf k|of]u u/] xf]nfg\ .
kTy/n] ag]sf] of] tLg ;o jif{hlt k'/fgf] x'g'k5{ . xfn of] eUg cj:yfdf 5 .
ef/tdf !*%& sf] klxnf] ljb|f]x oxLF ePsf] lyof] . o;} lsNnfdf .
oxfF k|j]z lgMz'Ns /x]5 . xfdL kmf]6f] lvFRt} / /dfpFb} leq uof}F .
udL{ x'gfn] xfdL;Fu ePsf] kfgL clu g} ;lSsO;s]sf] lyof] . o'j/fh bfh'n] b'O{
ln6/sf] 7"nf] af]tnsf] kfgL lsGg'eof] . olt ePdf xfdL rf/ hgfnfO{ Ps–8]9
306fsf nflu kfgLsf] aGbf]a:t eOxfNof] .
clg ToxfFsf] a]nfotL /fhsf] ;dosf] k'/fgf] ejg, ;]G6 hf]G; rr{, kvf{n, l6k'
dxn, x}b/ dxn, SofG8L dxn, dw"zf dxn, a]ud dxn, dl:hb clg j/sf ljzfn ¿v,
kfs{, v]nd}bfg cflb x]b{} Do'lhoddf uof}F .
#= ueg{d]G6 Do'lhod M of]
ax'p2]ZoLo ;ª\u|xfno lsNnfleq 5 . Do'lhod x]g{ nfos 5 . sd{rf/Lx¿ Psbd af]n}of
/ ;xof]uL /x]5g\ . xfdL e]Nnf]/ pkrf/fy{ geO{ ljz'4 ko{6gsf nflu cfPsf eg]kl5
ltgsf] xfdLk|lt ljz]if ?lr / ;Ddfg b]lvof] .
æpQ/ ef/tsf ;d]t sd} dflg; oxfF ljz'4 ko{6gsf nflu cfpF5g\ . cfpg] klg
Do'lhoddf sd} k:5g\ . k:g]x¿ klg oxfFsf] k'/ftflŒjs, P]ltxfl;s, wfld{s /
;f+:s[lts dxŒjsf w/f]x/x¿sf af/]df vf;} ?lr /fVt}gg\ . o;f] kmf]6f] lvRg] x'g\
TolQ . tkfO{Fx¿n] h:tf] klxNo} cWoog u/]/ of]hgfa4 9ª\un] sf] cfpF5 / <Æ
Do'lhodsf] So'/]6/n] eg] .
t/ of] Do'lhod Psbd dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . h;/L k'u] klg, h] p2]Zon] k'u]
klg, e]Nnf]/ hfg]n] of] Do'lhod ;do nufP/ x]g{ eG5' d .
clg lsNnfsf] blIf0fL kvf{n x]g{ uof}F . kvf{ndf ddfq r9]F . bfh' /
efph" cufl8 nfluxfNg'eof], ;LtfrflxF dl;t lxF8\g] ls bfh'–efph";Fu
lxF8\g] eg]/ cndn kl/g\ . Ps}l5gdf bf}8]/ d ;Ltf eP7fpF k'u]F . clg xfdL k|x/L
tflnds]Gb| / ;]G6 hf]G; rr{ x'Fb} ptf hns07]Zj/ dlGb/lt/ nfUof}F .
hns07]Zj/nfO{ oxfF nf]saf]nLdf hnu08]Zj/ eGbf /x]5g\ . oxfF s]6fs]6Lsf nflu
/dfpg kfs{ klg ag]sf] /x]5 .
$= hns07]Zj/ dlGb/ M :yfgLo
af]nLdf hnu08]Zj// sf]ljn elgg] of] dlGb/ ljNnf]/ kmf]6{leq cjl:yt 5 . ljhogu/
;fd|fHosf] ;dodf ag]sf] of] dlGb/ lzjdf ;dlk{t 5 . o; dlGb/sf] jl/kl/ lsNnf´}F ;'/Ôf
vf8L df]6 agfOPsf] 5 . dlGb/sf] ;'/Ôf k|aGwdf o:tf] cGoq sxLF b]lvFFb}g . xfdL
k'Ubf lbgsf] Ps aHg nfu]sfn] dlGb/ aGb ug{] a]nf eO;s]sf] /x]5 . bf}8]/ leq
k:of}F . k:gf;fy xfdL bz{gsf nflu nfOgdf nfUof}F . t'?Gt bz{g kfOof] . clg
aflx/ lg:s]/ s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] klg lvRof]F . blIf0f ef/tLo o'jfx¿n] xfdLnfO{
o;sf] af/]df s]xL atfP .
hns07]Zj/ dlGb/sf] Oltxf; M ls+jbGtLcg';f/ oxfF wld/fsf] Ps ljzfn
uf]nf] cyf{t\ l9:sf] lyof] . wld/fsf] l9:sfjl/kl/ jiff{sf] kfgL hDg yfNof] .
kfgL hDgfn] ;f] :yfg kmf]xf]/ eof] . ljhogu/ ;fd|fHosf Ps clwklt oxfF a;]sf lyP
. tL clwkltsf] gfd l5Ggaf]DdL gfosf lyof] . ltgL o; lsNnfsf] /Iffsf nflu k|d'v
lgo'St eP/ oxfF cfPsf lyP .
;kgfdf ltgnfO{ lzjhLn] bz{g lbg'eof] . lzjhLn] pgnfO{ eGg'eof]– æo;
hndUg vfN8fdf ltdLn] dlGb/ agfpg" .Æ
;]gfkltn] ;f] :yfgdf ;/;kmfO ug{ yfn] . dlGb/ agfpgsf nflu vGg'kg{]
eof] . wld/fsf] Tof] uf]nf] klg eTsfpg'kg{] eof] . gfosfn] ;f] wld/fsf] l9:sf]
9fn] . l9:sfleq x]bf{ t ToxfF Ps lzjlnª\u /x]5 . o;nfO{ :joDe" lzjlnª\u
elgof] . pgn] ;g\ !%%) df of] dlGb/ agfPsf x'g\ . wld/fsf] l9:sf] ePs} :yfgdf
cfh dlGb/sf] ue{u[x /x]sf] 5 .
pSt lzjlnª\u hndUg tnfpsf] aLrsf] l9:sfdf e]l6Psf] x'gfn] dlGb/nfO{
hns07]Zj/ eGg yflnof] . tldn efiffdf kfgLnfO{ hnd\ elgG5 . hns07]Zj/sf] cy{
hndf a:g'x'g] lzjhL eGg] x'G5 . of] s'/f ljhogu/d\ ;fd|fHosf ;d|f6\ ;bflzjb]j
dxf/fosf kfnfdf ePsf] xf] . o;} dlGb/df >Lclvnf08]Zj/L cDdf -hns07]Zj/
lzjhLsL cwf{ª\lugL kfj{tL_ sf] klg dlGb/ 5 .
lgs6 u|fdL0f If]qsf clen]vx¿df rflxF o; dlGb/nfO{ x/Hj/]Zj/ elgPsf]
b]lvG5 . dlGb/ k"jf{led'v eP klg ue{u[x, cw{d08k, dxfd08k qmdzM
k|blIf0ffkyo'St lgld{t 5 . dlGb/sf åf/kfn ;hLjtfk"0f{ pTsL0f{ 5g\ .
dlGb/df b'O{ k|frL/ / b'O{ uf]k'/d\ 5g\ . o; dlGb/ kl/;/leq g6/fhsf] dfq xf]Og
u0f]z, >Llgjf;, ;'a|x\d0od\, cDdfg cflbsf dlGb/x¿;d]t agfOPsf 5g\ .
ljhogu/d\ jf:t'snfsf] ljlzi6 gd'gfsf] ¿kdf o; dlGb/nfO{ lnOG5 .
dlGb/sf] uf]k'/d\df s'FlbPsf b]jLb]jtfsf c;ª\Vo d"lt{ / lrqx¿n] p; o'usf]
snfsf] ljsf;sf] k|bz{g ub{5g\ . dlGb/sf] uf]k'/d\ nueu !)) lkm6 cUnf] 5 . of]
dlGb/ nueu * xhf/ lkm6 3]/f ePsf] hns'08sf] aLrdf 5 . dlGb/leqsf] sNof0fd08kd\
cyf{t\ ljjfxd08kdf Psfk6\l6 ;fF9] / csf{k6\l6 xfQL s'FlbPsf] ljzfn d"lt{ 5
. dlGb/ kl/;/s} uª\ufuf}/L tLy{d\ gfdsf] Ogf/af6 kfgL NofP/ oxfFsf lzjlnª\usf]
cleif]s ug{] ul/G5 . gGbLsf] d"lt{k5fl8 /flvPsf] df6fsf] lbof] s;}n] xft
/fVof] eg] 3'D5 elgG5 . of] lbof] 3'Dof] eg] xft /fVg] JolStsf OR5f k"/f
x'G5g\ eGg] ljZjf; ul/G5 .
eSthgx¿ æ;k{bf]ifd\Æ af6 d'St x'gsf nflu ;'gf}nf / rfFbLdf s'FlbPsf
leQL / ;k{sf] k"hf u5{g\ . d';ndfgx¿sf] cfqmd0fsf sf/0f of] lsNnf Wj:t
eof] . oxfFsf dlGb/x¿ klg eTsfOP . d'unsfndf lxGb" dlGb/x¿sf] Wj+;sf]
l;lN;nf rln/x\of] . d';ndfgx¿n] oxfF ul/Fb} cfPsf] k"hfcfhfdf k|ltaGw nufP
. kl5 t d';ndfgx¿n] dlGb/ eTsfO{ ;f] :yfgdf sfdrnfp dl:hb;d]t agfP . rf/ ;o
jif{hlt o; :yfgnfO{ d';ndfg / cª\u|]h ;}Gox¿n] uf]nfaf?b /fVg] :yfgsf] ¿kdf
k|of]u u/] .
lzjlnª\unfO{ eSthgx¿n] oxfFaf6 u'Kt tl/sfn] p7fP/ ;fb'jGr]/L eGg]
:yfgdf nu] . rf/ ;o jif{;Dd oxfF /f]lsPsf] k"hfkf7 lj=;+= @)#& b]lv
k'gM ;'? eof] . d';ndfgx¿n] dlGb/ eTsfO{ dl:hb agfPsf] ejgnfO{ k'gM k'/fgf] :j¿kdf
kmsf{pg] lxGb" k|oTgnfO{ ef/tLo k'/ftŒj ljefun] /f]s nufof] . ctM clxn]
klg dlGb/sf] tNnf] efu k'/fgf] df}lns lxGb' :j¿kdf eP klg dflyNnf] v08 d';ndfgx¿n]
Iflt k'¥ofO{ pgLx¿n] rfx]sf] dl:hbsf] cfsf/df 5 . t/ klg oxfF lxGb"x¿nfO{
k"hfcfhf ug{df /f]s6f]srflxF 5}g .
ef/tLo Oltxf;sf/ Ps] z]ifflb||n] cfkm\gf] k':ts æe]Nnf]/sf] lsNnf /
ToxfFsf dlGb/x¿ o'uo'udfÆ df oL syf ;k|df0f n]v]sf 5g\ . oxfF cfof]hgf x'g
yfn]sf] s'Defleif]sd\ sfo{qmdsf nflu ljzfn /y agfOPsf] 5 . o; /ysf] lgdf{0fdf
nueu kfFr s/f]8 g]kfnL ?lkofFa/fa/sf] gub vr{ ePsf] 5 . ;fy} o;df nueu ;ft
lsnf]u|fd ;'g;d]t r9fOPsf] 5 .
wGg ;dod} k'luP5 . Ps ldg]6 l9nf] u/]sf] eP dlGb/sf] bz{g kfOg] lyPg .
cw'/f] wf]sf] af]s]/ xfdLn] kms{g'kg{] x'GYof] . bz{g ldn]sfn] xfdL ;Gt'i6
eof}F . clg xfdL lsNnfaflx/ lg:Sof}F . lbgsf] Ps alh;s]sf] lyof] . ca ptf
>LnIdL :j0f{dlGb/ hfg' lyof] .
ofq'6f]nL a; kqm]/ ptf gf/fo0fL dlGb/tkm{ nfUof] . k'Ubf lbgsf] b'O{
ah]sf] x'g'k5{ . a;af6 cf]n{gf;fy xfdL gf/fo0fL dlGb/df k:of}F . o;nfO{
cflbgf/fo0fL dlGb/, k'/fgf] nIdL dlGb/ jf cf]l/lhgn dlGb/ cflb gfdn] lrlgFbf]
/x]5 . ;8ssf] blIf0fk6\l6 k'/fgf] dlGb/ / pQ/k6\l6 ljzfn km}nfj6df gofF dlGb/ 5
.
k'/fgf] dlGb/sf] u]6 ;'gf}nf /ªsf] 5 / dlGb/;Dd k'Ugsf nflu 5fgf] ePsf]
;kmf dfu{ 5 . otf klg c¿ dlGb/df h:t} h'QfrKkn /fVgsf nflu pko'St k|aGw /x]5 .
clg xfdL dlGb/leq k:of}F . dlGb/ ;fFRr} ljzfn 5 . ;'Gb/ klg 5 . o;df
cg]s /ª k|of]u ePsf 5g\ / ;a}n] blIf0f ef/tLo /ªlk|otf b;f{pF5g\ . xfdL leq
k;]/ ljlwk"j{s k"hf–cf/fwgfdf nfUof}F . nueu Ps 306f ToxfFsf]
ehgsLt{gdf ;xefuL ePkl5 xfdL aflx/ lg:Sof}F . dlGb/sf] zflGt, ;/;kmfO, ;'/Iff
cflb bªbf; kg{] :t/sf] 5 . ax't ldn]sf], ;'Gb/ / eJo .
o;kl5 xfdL ljZjk|l;4 >LnIdL :j0f{dlGb/tkm{ nfUof}F .
%= >LnIdL :j0f{dlGb/ -:j0f{dlGb/ >Lk'/d\_ M e]Nnf]/af6 glhs} dn}sf]8L kxf8sf] km]bdf /x]sf] lt?k'/d\ cfWoflTds
pBfgdf cjl:yt of] >LdxfnIdL gf/fo0fL dlGb/ xf] . o;sf] lgdf{0fdf !%,)))
lsnf] :j0f{sf] k|of]u ePsf] 5 . ljZjsf] s'g} klg wfld{s d7, dlGb/, rr{, u'Daf
cflbdf olt w]/} ;'gsf] k|of]u ePsf] 5}g . o; dlGb/sf] lgdf{0f nfut tLg ;o
s/f]8eGbf a9L ef/tLo ?lkofF vr{ ePsf] 5 . oxfF cfpg] x/]s tLy{ofqL eÏhg oL
dftf/fgLsf] j}ej b]v]/ d'Uw eP/ kms{G5g\ . o; dlGb/df s'Flbg] lrqsf/L ck|ltd
cè't 5g\ . ;g\ @))& cu:tdf o; dlGb/sf] pb\3f6g ePsf] xf] . /ftdf oxfFsf]
dlGb/sf] ´ndn x]g'{ a]; 5 . oxfF jif{el/ g} >4fn'x¿sf] tfFtL nflu/x]sf] x'G5
. lbgdf Ps nfveGbf a9L >4fn' bz{gfy{ cfOk'U5g\ . !)) Ps8eGbf Hofbf Ô]qdf
km}lnPsf] o; dlGb/sf] j/k/ ;j{q xl/ofnL 5 . o; dlGb/sf] lgdf{0f j[Qfsf/ 5 . o; kl/;/df
lgld{t k'isl/0fLdf b]zsf ;a} k|l;4 / kljq gbLx¿sf] kfgL NofO{ vGofOPsf] 5 .
oxfFsf nflu d"n dGq xf] M ç >LnIdLgf/fo0fL gdf]gdM .
o; dlGb/sf] lgdf{0f ljNnf]/l:yt >Lgf/fo0fLkL7d\åf/f u/fOPsf] xf] .
;'gåf/f n]kg ul/Psf] o; dlGb/df klxn] s]xL tx;Dd tfFaf] 5 / To;dfly gf} tx;Dd
;'gsf] k/t nufOPsf] 5 . o; dlGb/sf h'g;'s} cj;/df, dxfs'Defljif]sd\ kj{df klg,
;a} wd{ / hfthfltsf dflg;nfO{ ;xif{ ;k|]d :jfut ul/G5 . oxfF k|j]zsf nflu s'g}
lsl;dsf] z'Ns nfUb}g t/ kmf]6f]u|fkmLrflxF k"0f{tof lglif4 5 .
>Lgf/fo0fL kL7d\åf/f Ps c:ktfn klg ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 .
^= ;fOG; kfs{ M e]Nnf]/df Ps ;fOG; kfs{ klg 5 t/ xfdL ToxfF uPgf}F .
ljBfyL{, lh1f;'sf nflu of] ljz]if bz{gLo :yn xf] .
&= cld/tL h'nf]lhsn kfs{ M of] :yfg klg
cToGt ;'Gb/ 5 eGg] hfgsf/L lyof] . :yfgLox¿n] eg] o;nfO{ plt dxŒj lbPgg\ .
snsQf, nvgf}, sf7df8f}F, e'jg]Zj/, sfgk'/ / bflh{lnªsf lrl8ofvfgf x]/]sf] 5'
eg]sf] t d;Fu} a;df >Lk'/d\af6 kmls{/x]sf Ps hgf :yfgLon] eg]– ætkfO{Fn] Toltsf
lrl8ofvfgf x]g'{ePsf] 5 eg] of] s] x]g'{, of] t cem ;fgf] xf] .Æ
(= j]0f' afk' cAhe]{6/L M gÔqlj1fgdf
ljz]if ?lr x'g]sf nflu of] j]wzfnf ljz]if cy{k"0f{ x'G5 . of] j]wzfnf nueu
!)) Ps8df km}lnPsf] 5 . afnaflnsfsf nflu klg oxfF ljz]if Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
oxfF ef/tsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] 6]ln:sf]k /flvPsf] 5 . of] (# OGr nfdf] 5 . xfdL
uPgf}F .
!)= /f]dg Sofyf]lns rr{ M of] :yfg
ljNnf]/ 6fpg /]nj] :6];gaf6 nueu # lsld k/ . cToGt cfsif{s . xfdLn] leq k;]/
;a}lt/ x]/]gf}F, o;f] ;8saf6 dfq lrxfof}F .
!!= l;d]6/L M lqml:6ogx¿sf] lrxfg xf] of]
l;d]6/L . xfdL k'Ubf ToxfF æcn ;f]N; 8]Æ kj{sf] w'dwfd lyof] . ;a} lrxfg
km"n / lah'nL aQLn] l;Fufl/Psf lyP . ;j{q lemlnldnL lyof] . dflg;x¿ ljz]if
k|jrg ;'lg/x]sf lyP . xfdL lxGb'x¿n] kf}v] cf}F;Ldf lkt[x¿nfO{ ;DemL ;/fb u/]/
d[tfTdfsf] ;bf j}s'07jf;sf nflu k|fy{gf u/]em}F lqml:6ogx¿n] cfkm\gf d/]sf
k"j{hsf] ;Demgf u/L ltgsf] cfTdfsf] :ju{df lr/ zflGtsf] sfdgf u5{g\ .
xfdL l;d]6/Lleq k:of}F . ;a}lt/ 3'dL3'dL lrxfgx¿ x]¥of}F . oxfF lrxfgx¿
dfa{n / u|]gfO6n] ;'Gb/ kf/]/ agfOPsf lyP . htf klg lrxfg . 7"nf lrxfg,
;fgf lrxfg . cToGt :ofxf/ kfPsf lrxfg, la:ofxf/ lrxfg, gofF lrxfg, k'/fgf lrxfg
. lrxfg}lrxfg dfq . s;}n] eg]sf] ;DemG5' M æof] k[YjL lrxfg xf] .Æ
xf] klg, ;+;f/df hlt dflg; 5g\ tLeGbf w]/} u'gf a9L lrxfg 5g\ . dflg;
;a} d5f{}F, d/]kl5 lrxfgdf k'luxflnG5 . To;}n] o; k[YjLnfO{ dflg;sf] lrxfg
dfGg' dgfl;a 5 . hLjg t slt kf] nfdf] 5 / .
cd]l/sfsf k|l;4 /fhg]tf Pjd\ sfnf lrGts n]; a|fpg eG5g\– æ;+;f/sf]
;a}eGbf wgL :yfg lrxfg xf], lsgls lrxfgdf slxNo} k"/f x'g g;s]sf cg]sf}F
cfzf, ;kgf / /x/x¿, slxNo} gn]lvPsf k':tsx¿, slxNo} gufOPsf uLtx¿, slxNo}
k|sfzdf gNofOPsf cfljisf/x¿, slxNo} kQf gnfu]sf pkrf/x¿ e]l6G5g\ . of] lsgeg]
d/]/ hfg]n] ltgnfO{ oyfy{df Nofpg cfF6 u/]g, jf To;sf nflu klxnf] sbd rfNg'cl3
g} pm lanfof], cyjf x'g ;S5 p;n] cfkm"n] b]v]sf cfzf, ;kgf / /x/x¿
k"/f ug{} EofPg .Æ
oxLF /x]5 8f= O8f :s'8/sf] lrxfg klg . 8f= O8f :s'8/
-!*&)–!(^)_ ;LPd;L d]l8sn sn]hsL ;+:yflksf x'g\ . pgL db|f;af6 ;f7L
lsnf]ld6/hlt k/sf] /fgLk]6 gfdsf] Pp6f ul/a ufpFdf hGd]sL lyOg\ . kl5 cWoogsf]
l;lN;nfdf pgL cd]l/sf k'lug\ . lrlsT;s afa'cfdfsL 5f]/L eP klg ;'?df d]l8sn
lzIffk|lt pgsf] ?lr lyPg . t/ cd]l/sfdf ToxfFsf] :j:y kl/j]z ef]Ub} ubf{ ef/tsf]
tldngf8"sf cfkm\gf ufpF3/df ul/aL, ef]sd/L / /f]un] dflg; esfes dl///x]sf]
b[Zo pgn] emNemnL ;lDemg\ . dflg;x¿sf] b'u{ltk"0f{ hLjgnfO{ d'St ug{ pgn] /f]ux¿sf]
pkrf/ af6f] /f]lhg\ / lrlsT;flj1fgsL ljBfyL{ algg\ . pgsf dftflktf b'j} lrlsT;s
lyP . pgn] ljrf/ ul/g\– 8fS6/ aGg ;lsof] eg] dfgj sNof0fsf nflu w]/}yf]s ug{
;lsg]5 .
kl5 logn] e]Nnf]/df cfO{ ;g\ !()) df Pp6f ;fgf] lSnlgs vf]lng\ tf ls
:yfgLo ul/ax¿sf] ;]jf ug{ ;lsof];\ . l56} g} pgn] dx;'; ul/g\, olt sfdn] t
;d'b|df yf]kf] dfq x'g] /x]5 . pgn] hlt;'s} d]xgt u/] klg nfvf}F la/fdL pkrf/
gkfO{ dl//xg] /x]5g\ . ctM pgn] ;of}F dlxnfx¿nfO{ sDkfpG8/ tflnd lbg] c7f]6
ul/g\ . cfh ;f]xL ;fgf] l8:k]G;/L a9]/ ljZjk|l;4 lrlsT;flj1fg cg';Gwfg ;+:yfg
ag]sf] 5 . a;{]lg ;of}F, g;{, lrlsT;s, zNolrlsT;s / ljz]if1x¿ pTkfbg x'G5g\ . nfvf}F
dflg;n] /f]uaf6 pGd'lSt kfPsf 5g\ . cfh e]nf]/af6 afx| lsnf]ld6/hlt k/sf] ltg}
8f= O8f :s'8/sf] hGde"ld /fgLk]6df ;LPd;Lsf] gofF eJo / ljzfn c:ktfn
ag]sf] 5 . 8f= :s'8/sf] hGde"ldn] yk ;fy{stf kfPsf] 5 .
ltg} dxfg\ gf/Lsf] zjbfx:yn x]g{ xfdL k'u]sf lyof}F pSt lqml:6og
l;d]6/Ldf . ;LPd;L c:ktfndf / oxfF pgsf] hGdltly l8;]Da/ # nfO{ ;LPd;Ldf :yfkgf
lbj;sf] ¿kdf eJo sfo{qmd u/L dgfOG5 . pgsf] b]xfGt ePsf] lbg dO{ @$ x/]s jif{
:d[ltlbj;sf] ¿kdf dgfOG5 .
O8f s;/L 8fS6/ algg\ < of] syf rfvnfUbf] 5, cyjf eg"F
b'MvnfUbf] 5 .
O8f PskN6 l6lG8jgd\df ePsf] a]nf pgL;Fu d2t dfUg eg]/ tLg hgf k'?if
cfPsf lyP, Ps}rf]l6 xf]Og, cnu cnu ;dodf . pgLx¿ tLg}hgfsf kTgLx¿ lszf]/L lyP .
;'Ts]/L Joyfn] ltgsf lszf]/L kTgLx¿ 56k6fO/x]sf lyP .
ænf} g, s]xL ul/lbg'k¥of] .Æ pgLx¿n] O8fnfO{ eg]sf lyP .
O8f;Fu g s'g} cf}iflw lyof] g d]l8sn 1fg . pgL s]xL ug{ ;lStglyg\ . t/
pgn] lognfO{ d2t ug'{ cToGt cfjZos b]lvg\ . ;dod} pkrf/ gkfP tL lszf]/L dg{
;Sy] .
æd a'afnfO{ af]nfpF5' lg t . pxfF 8fS6/ x'g'x'G5 .Æ pgn] elgg\ .
tL k'?if emf]lSsP .
æs] /] < s] /] < k'?ifn] xfd|L >LdtL 5'g] < x'Fb}g . 5'g' t
k/} hfcf];\, x]g{ klg ldNb}g . a? d/] d¿g\ .Æ pgLx¿n] O8fnfO{ eg]sf lyP .
kl5 pgn] ;'lgg\, tL tLgf]6} lszf]/L ;'Ts]/L Joyfn] d/] . ltgsf lzz' klg
afFr]gg\ . o; 36gfn] pgnfO{ g/fd|/L 3f]Rof] . oxfF dlxnf 8fS6/ 5}gg\ / k'?if
8fS6/n] dlxnfnfO{ 5'g] s'/f d[To'eGbf c;x\o x'G5 . ctM pgn] ef/tdf dl//x]sf
nfvf}F cfdfnfO{ arfpg] xf] eg] dlxnf 8fS6/ g} rflxg] b]lvg\ . pgL cd]l/sf uOg\
/ d]l8sn sf];{df egf{ eOg\ . tL; jif{sf] pd]/df pgL ;Ifd 8fS6/ ag]/ ef/t kmls{g\
clg l6lG8jgd\df Pp6f ;fgf] l8:k]G;/L vf]lng\ . sf]7fsf] Pp6f s'gfdf cf}iflwx¿,
csf{] s'gfdf la/fdL hfFRg] 7fpF / csf{] s'gfdf Pp6f la/fdL ;'Tg] a]8 . of] s'/f
;g\ !()) sf] xf] . ToxL ;fgf] l8:k]G;/L cfh cfP/ Toqf] d]l8sn ;x/ aGof] .
sxfFsf] Tof] ;fgf] ufpF l6lG8jgd\, sxfFsf] cfhsf] ljzfn d]l8sn xa e]Nnf]/ .
rlr{t dfgjtfjfbL 8f= O8f :s'8/sf lgDg egfOx¿ ljZjk|l;4 5g\ M
!= c¿sf] b'u{ltaf6 efUg rfxg'x'G5 eg] Pp6} pkfo 5, To;nfO{ d2t
ug'{xf];\ . (The only way to escape the misery of
others is to help them.)
@= ;a}eGbf 7"nf] pkrf/fTds y]/fkL ldqtf / k|]d xf] . (The greatest healing
therapy is friendship and love.)
#= bofjz ul/g] ;fgf] sfdsf] zlStnfO{ klg slxNo} sd
gcfFSg'xf];\ . (Never underestimate the power of a small act of kindness.)
clg xfdL k}bn} lxF8]/ sf]7fdf kms{g nfUof}F . lbge/ otf / ptf ub{}df
yflsPsf] lyof] . b'O{ lsnf]ld6/hlt lxF8\bf klg k'lug] 5fF6 b]lvPg . d}n] ;8sdf
lxF8\b} u/]sL Ps hgf ;'sGofnfO{ ;f]w]F– æoxfFaf6 ca k'/fgf] a; :6]G8 slt 6f9f
xf]nf <Æ
ætkfO{Fx¿ club]lv d;Fu} x'g'x'G5 . sxfFaf6 cfpg'ePsf] < sxfF hfg]
xf] <Æ
æxfdL:j0f{dlGb/df >Lb]jLsf] bz{g u/]/ cfPsf . lqml:6og l;d]6/Ldf
cf]ln{of}F . ToxfFsf] /fd/ldtf x]/]/ cfwf 306f latfof}F . ca ptf ;LPd;Laf6 k/
sf6kf8L /f]8df xf]6ndf hfg' 5 .Æ
æl;d]6/Laf6 Ps lsnf]ld6/ lxFl8of] . ca Ps lsnf]ld6/ lxF8]kl5 :6]l8od
k'Ug'x'G5 . clg klt{/ t xf] lsNnf / a; :6]G8 .Æ
ænf} df¥of], b'O{ lsnf]ld6/eGbf a9L af6f] sfl6of] eg]sf] t oL ;'sGof
elG5g\– Ps lsnf]ld6/ lxFl8;Sof} . ca Ps lsnf]ld6/ lxF8 clg :6]l8od k'U5f} .
efph" club]lv ugugfpg'x'Fb} lyof] . /fte/ ;'Tg kfPsf] xf]Og . 8]9
ah] 6«]gaf6 pq]/ a]Grdf a:g'k¥of] . ;'Tg kfOPg . cfh klg lbge/ otf / ptf
ef}Ftfl/of}F . >LnIdL :j0f{dlGb/d} cf7 lsnf]ld6/ lxFl8of] xf]nf . otfaf6
ptf, ptfaf6 otf clg km]l/ otfaf6 ptf kmGkmgL 3'dfP . ca oxfF klg lxF8]/} hfg
;lsFb}g .
xfdLn] a; ;dfTof}F . sf]7fdf
k'Ubf dg k|km'Nn lyof] . lbge/ 3'd]sf 7fpF, ef]u]sf ljlzi6 cg'ej / b]v]sf
:df/sx¿n] x[bonfO{ cfglGbt agfPsf lyP . t/ lbgel/sf] bf}8w'kn] z/L/sf] s'g} klg
cª\urflxF b'Vg afFsL lyPg .
gf]e]Da/ #, @)@# sf~rLk'/d\
sflt{s !& z'qmjf/ .
c/s6 M laxfg} c/sf]6sf nflu a; kqm]/
lxF8\of}F . d}n] km];a'sdf n]v]sf] 5' M c/s6 s'g} gfd'b ;x/ xf]Og . of] s'g}
wfld{s :yn klg xf]Og . of] s'g} Jofkfl/s s]G› jf dxfk'?ifsf] hGd:yn;d]t xf]Og .
To;f] eP xfdL s]sf nflu c/s6 e|d0f uo{f}F xf]nf < k|Zg hfoh 5 . xfdL
tldnf8" /fHosf] /fgLk]6 lhNnfdf l:yt of] ;fgf] ;x/df cjl:yt oxfFsf] lbNnL
u]6 x]g{ / eUg lsNnf x]g{ ToxfF k'u]sf lyof}F . c/s6 ToxfFsf] lbNnL u]6, eUg
lsNnf / oxfFsf dL7f dSvg k]8f PjD la/ofgLsf nflu gfd'b 5 . nueu ;jf nfv
hg;ª\Vof ePsf] ;fgf] P]ltxfl;s ;x/ xf] of] . oxfFsf dfG5]x¿ o;nfO{ ‘c/sf8' eGbf
/x]5g\ . otfsf h'g;'s} ;x/ / ufpFdf k'Ug'xf];\, tkfO{Fn] ToxfF 8f];f / O8nL
e]6\g'x'g]5 . kmf]6f]df O8nL ksfpg tof/ /flvPsf] 5 . oxfFsf] O8nL, crf/ / ;Daf/
ljlzi6 :jfbsf] 5 .
ætkfO{F O8nLsf] df}lns :jfb rfVg rfxg'x'G5 < c/s6 cfpg'xf];\ .Æ
xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] 6]Dkf]jfnfn] eGof] . laxfgsf] vfhfnfO{ oxfF ‘l6kmg’ eG5g\ .
xfdLn] ;f9] cf7 ah]lt/ O8nLsf] ‘l6kmg’ vfof}F . lbpF;f]rflxF O8nL 8f];f ldNb}g,
eft vfg] xf] .
lbNnL u]6 c/s6 M e]Nnf]/af6 sf~rLk'/d\ hfFbf af6fdf kg{] o; c/s6df xfdL
oxfFsf] lbNnL u]6 x]g{ rfxGYof}F . xhf/f}F ;}lgsn] /Iff u/]sf] oxfFsf] ljzfn
lsNnf s;/L ;fgf] a]nfotL ;]gfn] Wj:t kf¥of] < lbNnLsf ;'Ntfgn] s0ff{6s
/fHosf nflu gjfa lgo'Qm u/]sf rGbf ;fxasf] Toqf] ljzfn ;]gf b'O{ ;jf b'O{ ;o
a]nfotL ;]gfåf/f s;/L Ps} /ftdf Wj:t eof], Toqf] ljzfn lsNnfnfO{ s;/L la|l6;
O:6 OlG8of sDkgLsf s]xL ;}lgsn] w"ln;ft\ kf/] . k|m]Gr ;}lgsn] ;}Go ;xfotf
lbP/ lglj{£g /x]sf] Toqf] ;]gfnfO{ cfkm"tkm{ Ps hgf klg xtfxt x'g glbO{
s;/L tx;gx; kfl/of], syf rfvnfUbf] 5 .
c/s6sf] ljzfn lsNnf Wj:t u/]kl5 ca lbNnLsf] d'un zf;gsf] hu xNnfpg ;kmn eOof], ca lbNnL g} xfGg] xf]
eGg] efj hgfpg oxfF lbNnL u]6 agfOPsf] xf] .
a]Ënf]/ / r]GgO{sf] Jofkfl/s dfu{df kg{] c/s6 ;x/sf] ;'/Iff tyf ;}Go dxŒjsf
sf/0f oxfF k6sk6s eofgs o'4 eP . o;sf/0f oxfF ce]B lsNnf ag] . t/ k|To]s ce]B
elgPsf lsNnf klg e]bg eP, Wj:t eP . klxn] d';ndfgx¿n], clg klg a]nfotLx¿n] tL
lsNnf ;d"n gi6 u/]/ zf;g;Qf pN6fP . c/s6sf] ktgn] a]nfotL O:6 OlG8of
sDkgLsf] xf};nf cem a9\of] . a]nfotL / k|mfG;]nL Jofkfl/s zlQmx¿sf
cfkm\gf–cfkm\gf :jfy{ lyP . cfkm\gf :jfy{ ;fwgfsf nflu tL b'O{ zlQm :yfgLo
zf;sx¿nfO{ pkof]u uy{], le8fpFy] / qmdzM cfkm\gf] ks8 alnof] kfb{} nUy] .
;G !&%) lt/ a]nfotL zlQmn] kfnf/ gbLlsgf/sf] ce]B 7flgPsf] o;
lsNnfdf /ftsf] ;do kf/]/ cfqmd0f u/] / cGwsf/df slt ;}lgs cfqmd0f ub{} 5g\,
cg'dfg ug{ g;sL lsNnfsf] /Iffy{ a;]sf gjfa rGbf ;fxasf ;}lgs ltt/lat/ eO{ efu]
. gjfa dfl/P . pgsf] :yfgdf d'xDdb cln vfg jfnfhfxnfO{ gjfa agfOof] . gofF gjfa
b]z3ftL lg:s], ltgL a]nfotLx¿sf] kIfdf uP . l56} g} a]nfotLx¿n] ;Dk"0f{
s0f{f6snfO{ cfkm\gf] k"/f lgoGq0fdf lnOxfn] . c/s6sf] xf/n] d'un zf;gsf]
hu xlNnof], o;sf] cfTdljZjf;sf] 9f8 klg efFlrof] . blIf0fL ef/t qmdzM la|l6;
O:6 OlG8of zlQmsf] cwLgdf kb{} cfof] .
xfdL c/s6sf] a; :6]G8g]/sf] ;fgf] xf]6ndf laxfgsf] l6kmgkl5 c6f] kqm]/
c/s6sf] lbNnL u]6 / eUg lsNnf x]g{ uof}F . lsNnfsf] ljzfn rf}8f kvf{n Wj:t
kf/]sf] b[Zo slt eofjx lyof] xf]nf cfh oltsf jif{kl5 slt cg'dfg ug{ ;lsPnf /
< To; o'4df cflQPsf d'un ;}lgssf] efufefu, xtfxtL / :yfgLo u|fdL0f k|hfsf]
eosf] sNkgfdfq klg 7Ls;Fu ug{ ;lsFb}g .
t/ ;do aUof] . Tof] ;do klg laTof] . ‘slxNo} 3fd gc:tfpg] ;fd|fHo’ klg
v'lDrP/ / rfpl/P/ ;fgf] ;fOhdf cfof] . ;of}F /fHodf ljeSt ljzfn ef/te"lddf
tLg b]z a;]sf 5g\ cfh . kfls:tfg / ef/tsf] b':dgL a]sf/sf] b':dgL xf], b'O{
3dG8Lx¿sf] cgfxssf] n8fOF xf] . Tof] Ps} b]z x'g'kg{] lyof], ePg, 7Ls} klg eof]
. d';ndfgx¿sf] hg;ª\Vof cem a9L k|ltztdf ePsf] eP lxGb'hfltnfO{ cem d'l:sn kg{]
b]lvof] .
c/s6sf] clGtd o'4 sfo/tf, c1fg / b]z3ftsf] syf klg xf] . o;sf] Oltxf;
/fd|/L k9\g] xf] eg] yfxf x'G5 o'/f]k]nL zlSt oxfF s;/L v]Ny], v]nfpFy] eg]/ .
knf/ gbLsf] blIf0fL lsgf/df a;]sf] lbNnL u]6 cfh cnkq 5, lsNnfsf] s'/}
5f8f}F . s;}n] Wofg lbPsf], ?lr /fv]sf] b]lvPg . Tof] cnkq / cndNn k/]sf] 7fpF
ef/tLo sfo/tfsf] gd'gf ePsfn] cnkq k/]sf] xf]Og, ef/tLox¿ Oltxf; rfF8} la;{G5g\
eGg] k|df0f xf] . dnfO{ nfUof], d';ndfg zf;sx¿ a]nfotLb]lv xfbf{ zfl;t,
zf]lift, blnt lxGb'x¿n] /ldtf x]/] . s/f]8f}F lxGb'hgsf] lgM:k[xtfsf] kmfObf
a]nfotLx¿n] p7fP . d';ndfgx¿n] lxGb'x¿nfO{ ef}lts ¿kn] cfqmd0f u/], gf]S;fg k'¥ofP
. lxGb'x¿sf dlGb/, d7 eTsfP . u'?s'n / kf7zfnfx¿df cfuf] nufP, k':tsfno Wj:t
kf/] . afx'gx¿sf hg} sf6], 6'KkL sf6] . hah{:tL d';ndfg agfP . sltko lxGb'x¿
efu]/ g]kfn k;], a'4dfuL{x¿ >Lnª\sf, adf{ / ltAat k;] . d';ndfgn] lxGb'x¿sf
5f]/Lr]nLnfO{ hah{:tL nu] . ToxL eP/ afnljjfxsf] k|rng cfof] .
clg cª\u|]h cfP . ltgn] kmsfP, nf]EofP M cfly{s k|nf]eg, gf]s/L /
Joj;fosf] k|nf]eg, lzIff / :jf:Yosf] k|nf]eg .
d';ndfgx¿n] ef/tnfO{ n'6]/ ef/td} /fv]sf lyP . a8fa8f b/af/ agfPsf lyP
. dl:hb / b/ufx agfPsf lyP . cfkm"n] df]hd:tL u/]sf lyP . hyfefjL s/
yf]k/]sf lyP . pgLx¿sf] tl/sf lx+;|s lyof] . t/ cª\u|]hn] n'6]/ a]nfot nu] .
pv' r';]/ vf]Onf kmfn]em}F ef/tnfO{ ;Stf] r';] . oxfFsf] s[lif, pBf]u, Jofkf/ /
lzIffk|0ffnL Wj:t kf/] . dflg;nfO{ k/lge{/ agfP . clg hfFbf e|i6, vf]qmf],
l/Qf], ?vf], gfª\uf] ef/t 5f8]/ uP . d';ndfgn] h]hlt gf]S;fg u/] Tof] cfh
b]lvG5, a]nfotLx¿n] u/]sf] gf]S;fg slxNo} gfk]/ ;lsg] 5}g .
c/s6df k'u]kl5 ef/tsf] Oltxf;, e"uf]n, /fhgLlt / cy{tGqdfly d}n]
h]hlt hfg]sf] lyPF, ltgLx¿ d]/f] duhdf af9Lem}F ;nn au]/ cfP . pQ/k6\l6 knf/
gbLsf] afn'jfxLg lsgf/f, kfgLxLg km}nfj6 / z"Go cfsfzlt/ x]b{} d ;f]rdUg
ePF .
!#= sf~rLk'/d\
sf~rLk'/d\ cfGw|k|b]zsf] Ps d'Vo dlGb/ xf] . sf~rLk'/d\df sfdfÔL
dftfsf] bz{gfy{ uOG5 . sf~rLk'/d\ :6];gdf 6«]gaf6 cf]n]{/ Ps lsnf]ld6/ k/ k5{ .
a;af6 hfFbfrflxF Tolt kb}{g . tldngf8'sf] e]Nnf]/af6 k"j{blÔ0f nueu ^^
lsnf]ld6/ k5{ of] tLy{:yn .
e]nf]/af6 vflvbfk]6 clg knf/ gbLlsgf/sf] af6f] gbLsf] bfofF lsgf/ eP/
uOG5 . c/sf]6kl5 knf/ gbL tl/G5 clg gbLsf] afofF lsgf/ eP/ uOG5 . sf~rLk'/d\
;x/ knf/ gbLsf] pQ/L cyf{t\ afofFk6\l6 kb{5 . oxfF gbL k"j{ axG5 . knf/
gbL oxfFaf6 nueu rf};ÝL lsnf]ld6/ k"j{ ax]/ sbnk'/ eGg] 7fpFdf aËfnsf]
vfnLdf k:b5 . sf~rLk'/d\ r]GgO{af6 ;Q/L lsnf]ld6/hlt klZrddf kb{5 .
sf~rLk'/d\af6 dxfanLk'/d\ klg nueu k}F;ÝL lsnf]ld6/ k"j{df k5{ .
sf~rLk'/d\af6 gbLsf] afofF lsgf/}lsgf/ $) lsld k"j{df r]Ëfnk6\6" k5{
.
sf~rLk'/d\ tLg s'/fsf nflu k|l;4 5 M sfdfÔL dlGb/, sf~rLk'/d\ ;f8L /
sf]ljn O8nL . sf~rLk'/d\nfO{ blÔ0fsf] sfzL eg]/ klg lrlgG5 . o;nfO{ Ps xhf/
dlGb/sf] ;x/ klg elgG5 . oxfF glhs–glhs} ljzfn Pjd\ eJo dlGb/ bz{g ug{ kfOG5 .
sf~rLk'/d\nfO{ blÔ0fsf nueu ;a} /fhj+zn] /fHo u/] . kNnj /fhfx¿, ljhogu/ /fhj+z,
rf]n zf;sx¿ clg kf08\o j+z . o;sf/0f oxfF ;do;dodf dlGb/x¿sf] hL0ff{4f/ eO g}
/àf] . dlGb/x¿ c´eGbf c´ ;'Gb/ / eJo aGb} cfP .
sf~rLk'/d\ ;x/leq !,))) jif{b]lv @,))) jif{ k'/fgf cg]s dlGb/ 5g\,
ltgLx¿ k|To]ssf] PsPs leGgfleGg} ljz]iftf 5 . sf~rLk'/d\nfO{ ef/tsf ;Ktk'/LdWo]
Ps dflgG5 M cof]Wof, dy'/f, åf/sf, xl/åf/, sfzL, pHh}g, sf~rLk'/d\ . sf~rLk'/d\
blÔ0f ef/tdf :yflkt Psdfq ;Ktk'/L xf] . sf~rLk'/d\df tkfO{Fn] zlÏsf], lzjsf] /
lji0f'sf] bz{g ug{ kfpg'x'g]5 . x'g t sf~rLk'/d\df Ps xhf/ dlGb/ 5g\ elgG5, tL
;a 3'Dg], bz{g ug]{ s'/f ;xh 5}g . ctM xfdLn] 5gf]6 gu/L pkfo 5}g . ;a}eGbf
7"nf], ;a}eGbf k'/fgf], ;a}eGbf a9L eÏhg k'Ug], ;a}eGbf ;'Gb/, ;a}eGbf
/x:odo M o:t}o:t} cfwf/df xfdLn] s]xL dlGb/ 5fGg'kg{] x'G5 oxfF .
c/sf]6af6 a; r9]/ oxfF k'Ubf lbgsf] b'O{ ah]sf] lyof] . e]Nnf]/af6
laxfg} lxF8]sf xfdL c/sf]6sf] O8nL vfg kfP klg tftf] 3fdn] xfdLnfO{ ylst ulnt
agfPsf] lyof] . ;j{k|yd a; :6]G8g]/sf] Ps xf]6ndf sf]7fsf] aGbf]a:t u¥of}F .
Psl5g cf/fd u/]kl5 xfdL sfdfIfL cDdfgsf] bz{gsf nflu tof/ eof}F . dlGb/ glhs}
x'gfn] xfdLn] k}bn} hfg] ;f]r agfof}F .
æxfdLn] dftf sfdfÔLb]jLsf] bz{g ug{ hfg] a]nf eof] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
;a}hgf lxFl8xfNof}F .
sfdfIfL dlGb/M
sf+rL t' sfdfIfL, db'/} t' dLgfIfL .
blIf0f] sGofs'df/L ddM zlQm¿k]0f eujtL. gdf] gdM gdf] gdM ..
>L sfdfIfL tLy{:ynnfO{ :yfgLo af]nLrfnLsf] efiffdf gfle:yfg cf]l§ofg
kL7d\ klg elgG5 . cflwsfl/s :yfgLo efiffdf rflxF >L sfdfIfL cDafn b]j:yfgd\
elgG5 . ef/tjif{sf zlQmkL7x¿dWo] Ps k|d'v zlQmkL7 xf] of] . ;tLb]jLsf] ljbUw
z/L/ lzjhLn] af]sLaf]sL lxF8\bf oxfF cfO{k'Ubf >Llji0f'sf] ;'bz{g rqmn]
5'gfn] gfle ktg ePsf] xf] .
o; dlGb/nfO{ k[YjLsf] s]G› dflgGYof] . b]jLn] e08f;'/ gfdsf] c;'/sf] jw
ug{sf nflu ?›:j¿kf aGg'eof] . ha e08f;'/sf] jw eof] b]jL oxfF cfO{ sGof :j¿kdf
lj/fhdfg x'g'eof] . b]jLsf] lju|xnfO{ :joDe" cy{ft\ cfkm}F pTkGg ePsf] xf]
eGg] dflgG5 . oxfF b]jLsf tLg :j¿k 5g\ elgG5 M :y"n :j¿k, ;"Id :j¿k /
z"Go :j¿k .
sfdfIfL dftfn] lzjhLsf] d[lQsf d"lt{sf] lgdf{0f ug{'eof] /
sf~rLk'/d\df :yflkt ug{'eof] . lzjhLn] dftfsf] k"hg k/LIff lng] ljrf/
ug{'eof] . pxfFn] ljzfn 5fno'Qm sDa gbLsf] ¿k wf/0f ug{'eof] . gbLn] df6fsf]
;f] d"lt{ aufpg nfUof] . t/ b]jLn] pQm d"lt{nfO{ e]naf6 arfpg'eof] .
pxfFn] b]jk|ltdfnfO{ xftn] alnof] u/L ;dfTg'eof] .
oltdfq xf]Og, cfkm\gf] tk:of l;l4sf nflu b]jLn] k~rflUg tfkL ;f+;fl/s
nf]e, df]x cflbsf] kl/Tofu ug{'eof] . b]jLsf] k"hf, cf/fwgf / Wofgaf6
k|;Gg eO{ lzjhL dLgfIfL;Fu ljjfx ug{ tof/ x'g'eof] . sf~rLk'/Ddf lzjhLsf cg]s
dlGb/ 5g\ . t/ >L sfdfIfL dftfsf] dlGb/ Psdfq 5 . of] b]jLsf] ue{u[x ePsf]
Psdfq dlGb/ xf] . dlGb/jl/kl/ b]jLsf cf7 zlQm ¿kx¿ :yflkt 5g\ .
sfdfIfL b]jLsf] ;'j0f{do d"lt{ v8f :j¿kdf 5 . b]jL v8f /x]/}
lzjhLsf] cf/fwgf ug{'x'G5 . pxfFsf] o; cfs[ltnfO{ aË? sfdfIfL elgG5 . d';ndfg
xdnfj/x¿n] dlGb/nfO{ cfqmd0f ug{] / n'6kf6 ug{] 8/ ePkl5 b]jLk|ltdfnfO{ p7fP/
t]Ghf}/ nluPsf] lyof] .
of] dlGb/ sf~rLk'/d\sf ;Dk"0f{ dlGb/dWo] ;a}eGbf eJo / ;'Gb/ 5 .
sfdfÔLb]jLsf] d'Vo k|j]zåf/ k"j© åf/ xf] . oxfF eujtL kfj{tLsf] >L
lju|x 5 . lognfO{ sfdfÔLb]jL jf sfdsf]6L klg elgG5 . lqk'/f;'Gb/Lsf]
k|ltd"¨t g} sfdfÔLb]jLsf] k|ltdf xf] . of] blÔ0fL ef/tsf] ;a}eGbf d'Vo
zlÏkL7 xf] . ef/tsf åfbz b]jLlju|xdWo] of] Ps xf] . o;sf] lgdf{0f
zÍ/frfo{hLåf/f u/fOPsf] xf] . sf~rL zlÏkL7 ef/tsf PsfpGg zlÏkL7dWo] Ps xf] .
b]jL zlÏsf] sÍfn ktg ePsf] 7fpF xf] of] . db'/}df dLgfÔL, sfzLdf ljzfnfÔL /
oxfF sfdfÔL b]jL 5g\ . oL tLg zlÏkL7sf] ljz]if dxŒj 5 .
oxfF k~ruËf klg 5g\ . klxn] oxfF >4fn'x¿ :gfg klg ub{y] .
sf~rL sfdsf]6L sfdfIfL cDdfgsf] bz{gkl5 xfdL aflx/ ;8sdf lg:Sof}F .
sf~rLk'/d\sf] ahf/ eL8ef8o'St / cJojl:yt 5 . nfU5, xfdL jL/uGh of hgsk'/sf]
s'g} ;8sdf lxFl8/x]sf 5f}F . bf]sfg]x¿n] cfkm\gf] ;fdfg xfdLsxfF em}F ;8s};Dd
km}nfPsf 5g\ . blIf0f ef/tdf o:tf] cGoq sxLF b]Vg kfOGg . xfdL o:t} cJoj:yf /
eb|uf]ndf afFr]sf, oxL kf] Kof/f] nfUg] . xf] eGof .
oxfFaf6 PsDa/]Zj/ dlGb/ nueu #)) ld6/dfq 5 eGg] ;'g]sf xfdL
;f]Wb}vf]Hb} cufl8 uof}F . nueu Ps lsnf]ld6/ k/ h:tf] nfUof] dnfO{ t .
PsDa/]Zj/ dlGb/ M
PsDa/]Zj/sf] bz{g ug'{ eg]sf] ef/tsf rf}w Hof]ltln{ËdWo]sf] Ps,
k~rdxfe"tdWo] Ps k[YjLlnËd\sf] bz{g ug'{ xf] . o;nfO{ PsDa/]Zj/ cyf{t\
PsDa/gfy dlGb/ elgG5 . oxfF /x]sf] lzjlnË afn'jfsf] ag]sf] xf], ctM o;nfO{
k[YjLlnË elgPsf] xf] . blÔ0f ef/tdf lzjhLnfO{ k~rdxfe"tsf clwkltsf] ¿kdf
k"hf ul/G5 . k[YjL, hn, clUg, jfo', cfsfz M log} kfFr tŒjaf6 ;Dk"0f{
;[lÓsf] lgdf{0f ePsf] xf] eGg] dfGotf 5 . lrbDa/d\df cfsfztŒjsf], snx6L cyf{t\
>Lsfnx:tLdf jfo'tŒjsf], lt?jg]sjndf hDa's]Zj/sf] ¿kdf hntŒjsf], lt?jGgdnO{df
clUgtŒjsf] k|tLs b;f{pF5g\ . o;}u/L oxfF sf~rLk'/d\df >L PsDa/gfy/ dlGb/df
:yflkt lzjlnËnfO{ k[YjLtŒjsf] k|tLssf] ¿kdf lnOG5 . oL kfFr} dlGb/ Ps} /]vfdf
l:yt 5g\ . blÔ0f ef/tsf k|j]zåf/x¿ cfkm}Fdf dlGb/´}F 5g\ . eJo, ;'Gb/,
7"nf / cUnf 5g\ . lognfO{ uf]k'/d\ elgG5 . uf]k'/d\nfO{ d'Vo dlGb/nfO{
eGbf Hofbf ljzfntf b]vfOG5 . oxfFsf] uf]k'/d\ %* ld6/ cUnf] 5 . uf]k'/d\x¿df
eujfg\ lzjsf] g[To/t cj:yf g6/fh ¿k b]vfOG5 .
xfdL pQ/k6\l6sf] uf]k'/d\df k'Uof}F . of] uf]k'/d\ nfdf] ;dob]lv,
cyf{t\ tLgrf/ jif{b]lv, aGb /x]5 . uf]k'/d\sf] bfofFk6\l6 kvf{n eTsfP/ af6f]
vf]lnPsf] /x]5 . clg xfdL dlGb/df k'Uof}F . of] dlGb/ cToGt 7"nf],
snfk"0f{, eJo, Jojl:yt, ;'Gb/ / e|d0fof]Uo 5 . xfdL eSthgsf] eL8df nfOgdf
nfUof}F . nueu Ps 306fdf bz{gsf] kfnf] cfof] . bz{gkl5 s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lvr]/
xfdL aflx/ lg:Sof}F . k"/} cFWof/f] eO;s]sf] /x]5 aflx/ t .
eujfg\ lzjsf] o; lnËnfO{ hn r9fOFb}g . rd]nLsf] ;'ulGwt t]nn] oxfFsf
lzjlnËsf] cleif]s ul/G5 . of] dlGb/ ;ftf}F ztfAbLdf kNnj /fhfx¿n] agfPsf x'g\ .
dlGb/sf] Oltxf; lzjhL / dftf kfj{tLsf ;fy hf]l8G5 . dftf kfj{tLn] lzjhLnfO{ klt¿kdf
k|fKt ug{ oxfF Ps cfd|j[Ôd'lg a;]/ 3f]/ tk:of ug'{eof] . cfh klg oxfF cfFksf]
Ps j[Ô v8f 5 . pxfFn] eujfg\ lzjhLsf] k|tLs:j¿k afn'jfsf] lzjlnË agfpg'eof] .
oxfFsf] cfFksf] ¿v ;f9] tLg xhf/ jif{ k'/fgf] dflgG5 . o; j[Ôsf rf/ ljzfn zfvf
5g\ / k|To]s zfvfdf cnucnu hft / :jfbsf cfFk kmNb5g\ . xfdLn] o; af]6nfO{ k5fl8
kf/]/ s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lnof}F . s]xL ?;L dlxnfx¿ o; dlGb/sf] bz{gsf nflu cfPsf
/x]5g\, pgLx¿l;t ;Ltf / efph"n] kmf]6f] lvFr] . d}n] Ps /l;og dlxnfnfO{
cfkm"n] ?;L ;flxTo k9]sf] s'/f u/]F . lgsf]nfO{ cf:qf]E:sL, uf]uf]n,
bf]:tf]o]E:sL, n]e tf]N;tf]O{, Oefg t'u{]g]esf] gfd lnPF . DoflS;d uf]sL{sf]
klg gfd lnPF .
d}n] eg]F– æOefg t'u{]g]enfO{ tkfO{Fx¿ s;/L hfGg'x'G5 d hflGbgF t/ d}n]
rflxF pgn] n]v]sf ;a} k':ts, ;a} n]v k9]sf] 5' . d}n] hLjgdf g]kfnsf b'O6f
n]vssf ;a} cIf/ k9]sf] 5' / ?;sf Pshgfsf ;a} cIf/ k9]sf] 5' . Oefg t'u{]g]e
ltg} ?;L n]vs x'g\ .Æ
ltgL Psbd v';L eOg\ . pgnfO{ dgkg{] rflxF bf]:tf]o]E:sL /x]5g\ .
bf]:tf]o]E:sLsf qmfOd PG8 klg;d]G6, k'c/ kmf}s, b a|b;{ sf/fdfhf]e, b xfp; ckm
b 8]8, gf]6\; k|md b cG8/u|fpG8 / b UofDAn/ dnfO{ c;fWo dg k/]sf] s'/f u/]F .
ltgL 5Ss kl/g\ . d]/f] 5gf]6df ltgL cToGt /dfOg\ .
ælkmS;gdf ?;Ln] / sljtfdf a]nfotLn] ljZjdf ;jf{]Ts[i6 l;h{gf lbPsf 5g\ .
x'g t af]l/; kf:t/gfs plt 7"nf slj dflgFb}gg\ t/ dnfO{ ltgsf sljtf w]/} dg
k5{g\ .Æ
kf:t/gfssf] gfd lnPkl5 t ltgL cem 5Ss kl/g\ . ltgn] d]/f cfFvfdf dfofn'
gh/n] x]l/g\ . ltgn] ;LtfnfO{ elgg\– ætkfO{F t efUodfgL gf/L x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 .
olt efj's >Ldfg\ kfpg'ePsf] 5 .Æ
d]/f] 5ftL PsDa/]Zj/ dlGb/sf] k"jL{ 5]pdf To; ljlrqsf] cfFksf] ¿vg]/
9Ss km'n]/ cfof] . tL /l;og gf/LnfO{ s]xL lbOgF, lbg} kfOgF . pgsf] ;Ddfgdf
Psb'O{ kf]h kmf]6f] lvFr]F, TolQ .
xfdL k'gM dlGb/leq k:of}F . clxn] klg eL8 p:t} /x]5 . t/ clxn] k'hf/L /
;'/IffsdL{x¿n] oxfF kmf]6f] lvRg cj/f]w u/]gg\ . xfdLn] dhfn] cfFksf] To;
kf}/fl0fs sf08;Fu kmf]6f] lvFrfof}F .
dlGb/leq k;]kl5 b]lvG5, kfj{tLn] h'g cfFksf] km]bdf a;]/ tk:of
ug'{ePsf] xf], To; cfFksf h/fnfO{ sf6]/ rfFbL´}F /flvPsf] 5 . dflg;x¿ o;
h/fnfO{ k"hf ub{5g\ .
>LPsDa/]Zj/gfysf] csf]{ klg Pp6f ljz]iftf 5 M oxfF k|fË0fd} Ps xhf/
cf7 lzjlnËsf] bz{g ug{ ldNg]5 . xfdL uPsf] a]nf ltgnfO{ sk8fn] 5f]lkPsf] lyof]
. xfd|f] cg'/f]wdf Pshgf ;'/IffsdL{n] Ps}l5gsf nflu Tof] sk8f lemlslbof] .
kmf]6f] lvRg klg kfof}F . ;a} lzjlnËsf] Ps} r§fgaf6 lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] egL
ljZjf; ul/G5 . o; dlGb/sf] ljzfntfsf] cg'dfg nufpg'xf];\, oxfFleq kfFr uNnL 5g\
. of] dlGb/ nueu aL; Ps8df km}lnPsf] 5 . PsDa/gfy dlGb/ sf~rLk'/d\sf] ;a}eGbf
7"nf] dlGb/ xf] . oxfFsf] ljzfn xn Ps xhf/ :tDex¿n] ag]sf] 5 . To;} eP/
xf] o;nfO{ Ps xhf/ :tDe dlGb/ klg elgG5 . cgf}7f] nfU5 oxfFsf ljzfn :tDex¿ /
ltgdf s'FlbPsf a'6\6f, ltgdf s'FlbPsf b]jLb]jtf b]Vtf . k|To]s a'6\6fsf] ljz]if
kf}/fl0fs 36gf, syf jf kfq;Fu ;DaGw 5 . o; dlGb/sf] sfl/u/Lsf] s'/f, Ps} :tDedf
;of}F dlGb/ s'FlbPsf 5g\ . p; ;dodf klg dflg;n] s;/L o:tf] hl6n sfo{ u/]
xf]nfg\ eGg] ;f]Rtf klg cfª l;l/Ë x'G5 .
PsDa/]Zj/gfysf] dlGb/df rf/ lsl;dn] bz{g ug{ kfOG5 M klxnf]M
k[YjLlnËsf] bz{g, bf];|f] M k}FtL; ;o jif{ k'/fgf] cfd|j[Ôsf] bz{g, t];|f] M
oxfFsf Ps xhf/ :tDex¿ ePsf] xnsf] bz{g, rf}yf] M cG7fpGg ld6/ cUnf] uf]k'/d\ .
dftf sfdfÔLnfO{ sf~rLk'/d\sf] cfTdf klg elgG5 . of] dlGb/ ;/;kmfOsf
sf/0f sf~rLk'/d\df dfq xf]Og, ;Dk"0f{ tldngf8'df rlr{t 5 . sd{rf/Lx¿ x/]s
s'gfdf x/]s lsl;dn] / x/]s avt ;/;kmfOdf Jo:t b]lvG5g\ . eÏhgn] kmf]xf]/
gul/lbg] xf] eg] oL ;kmfO sd{rf/Ln] s]xL g s]xL /fxt kfpg] lyP xf]nf .
oxfF Ps uf}zfnf klg 5 / ufO{sf nflu 3fF;k/fnsf] klg k|aGw ul/Psf] 5 .
oxfF eÏhgsf nflu ;f9] P3f/ ah]b]lv Ps ah];Dd lgMz'Ns k|;fbsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5
.
dfly rlr{t b'j} dlGb/ sf~rLk'/d\ ;x/sf] dWodf l:yt 5g\ .
xfdL o;kl5 lxF8]/} xf]6ndf kmsL{ cfof}F . af6}df Pp6f /]:6'/fFdf vfglkg
u/]kl5 sf]7fdf cfof}F .
lbge/sf] udL{n] z/L/ kl;g}kl;gf ePsf] lyof] . g'xfOw'jfO u¥of}F / ;f]
lbgsf] la6 dfg{ OR5's eof}F .
gf]e]Da/ $, @)@# r]ª\ufnk6\6'
lrqu'Kt dlGb/ M laxfg ;a]/} p7]/ cfh
k'Ug'kg{] :yfg / bz{g ug'{kg{] dlGb/sf] ;"rL x]/]F . ;j{k|yd lrqu'Kt dlGb/
hfg'kg{] b]lvof] . of] dlGb/ ;]G6«n a; :6]G8af6 glhs} 5 . k}bn} lxF8]/ k'luG5 .
xfdL laxfg} k}bn lxF8]/ lrqu'Kt dlGb/df k'Uof}F . oxfF bz{g kfpg plt eL8ef8 5}g
. dlGb/ ;fgf] eP klg eJo 5 . d}n] o;cl3 sxLF klg lrqu'Ktsf] dlGb/ b]v]sf] lyOgF
.
sR5k]Zj/ dlGb/ M sf~rLk'/d\sf] lt?sr'/
pkgu/df l:yt of] dlGb/ lrqu'Kt dlGb/af6 glhs} 5 . lxF8]/} k'luG5 . lzjhLdf
;dlk{t of] dlGb/ 7"nf] / eJo 5 . xfdL laxfg ;ft ah]lt/ k'Ubf plt eL8 lyPg
. glhs}sf] kf]v/Ldf df5f Psbd 7"nf lyP . kf]v/L w]/} 7"nf] xf]Og t/
kf]v/L x]/L df5frflxF lgs} 7"nf x'g\ . oxfF klg lzjhLsf] lnª\uk|ltdf
k'lhG5 . ;fydf kfj{tLhL x'g'x'G5 / pxfFnfO{ oxfF cGtgfIfL gfdn] k'sfl/G5 . xfdL
pSt ;fgf] kf]v/Lsf df5f b]v]/ /dfof}F .
clg sR5k]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] bz{g ug{ leq uof}F . eL8 vf;} gePsfn] bz{g ;xh
eof] . clg aflx/ lg:s]/ dlGb/sf] kl/qmdf ug{ yfNof}F . xfdLsxfF klxn] kl/qmdf
ug{] / kl5 bz{g ug{] rng 5 eg] otfrflxF klxn] bz{g ug{] clg kl/qmdf ug{] rng
/x]5 . xfdL dlGb/sf] kl5Nnf] v08df k'Uof}F . otf w]/} v'nf / cem ;kmf /x]5 .
;kmfOsf] dfdnfdf otfsf s'g} klg dlGb/ sdhf]/ 5}gg\ .
clg k5fl8sf] ljzfn kmf]xf]/fo'St kf]v/Ldf s]xLa]/ kmf]6f] lvr]/
cNdlnof}F . uf}/fª\u–uf}/fª\ugfx¿sf] Ps x"n lyof] . ltgLx¿dWo] Ps hgf xFl;nL
gf/L lyOg\ . ;Ltfn] ltgnfO{ ;f]lwg\– æ?;L <Æ
ltgn] d':s'/fpFb} / 6fpsf] xNnfpFb} elgg\– æo]; . k|md /:;f .Æ
æjL cf/ k|md g]kfn .Æ ;Ltfdf ca cfTdljZjf; knfO;s]sf] lyof] .
æu|]6 . d sf7df8f}F k'u]sL 5' . kf]v/f klg . kf]v/f /dfOnf] 5 . gd:t]
.Æ
ægd:t] .Æ ;Ltf / d}n] Ps}rf]l6 xft hf]8\of}F . bfh' / efph" ptf
kmf]6f] lvRgdf Jo:t x'g'x'GYof] .
;Ltfn] pgL;Fu kmf]6f] lvlrg\ .
clg xfdL aflx/ lg:Sof}F . Pp6f ef/tLo kl/jf/;Fu lrofk;ndf ukmufkm eof]
. ltgLx¿ otf dWok|b]zsf /x]5g\ .
æ;tgf .Æ a"9f] dflg;n] eGof] .
ædnfO{ d}x/ b]jLsf] dlGb/ cfpg] dg 5 . d}x/nfO{ dWok|b]zsL j}i0ff]b]jL
eGbf /x]5g\ . uPsf] clk|ndf xfdL hDd"sfZdL/sf] j}i0ff]b]jL k'Ug kfof}F .Æ
d}n] eg]F .
æcf]xf], d}n] j}i0ff]b]jL bz{gdf hfg] ;do h'6fpg ;s]s} 5}g . tkfO{Fx¿n]
kf] pl5Gg'eP5 xlu <Æ a"9f] lv:; xfF:of] . kl/jf/df 5f]/f], a'xf/L,
gfltgfltgf / a"9fa"9L /x]5g\ . ;a} hgf Ps}rf]l6 sf~rLk'/d\ cfPsf .
æslt lbgsf] ofqf xf] lg <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
æcf7 lbgsf] . sf~rLk'/d\ / lt?klt . tkfO{Fx¿sf] lg <Æ
æP, slt xf] slt nfdf] 5 . v}, slxNo} ;lsG5 h:tf] nfUg} 5f8\of] eGof .Æ
;Ltfn] elgg\ .
æaQL; lbgsf] xf] . s]/nf, tldngf8', s0ff{6s / cfGw|k|b]zsf s]xL 7fpFsf]
ofqf tyf s]xL dlGb/sf] bz{g .Æ d}n] ;RofPF .
pgLx¿sf] kl/jf/;Fu kmf]6f] lvRof}F .
ætkfO{Fx¿ s;/L lxF8\g'x'G5 lg < dtna Kn]g, 6«]g, a; of lghL uf8L
<Æ a"9fn] ;f]Wof] .
ætkfO{x¿n] h:t} t xf] . xfdLn] 6«]gsf] l6s6 l/he{];g u/]sf 5f}F .
o;kfln 6«]g / a;df dfq . Kn]gofqf st} 5}g .Æ d}n] eg]F .
xfdL pgLx¿af6 5'6\l6of}F . ptfaf6 bfh' / efph" klg cfOk'Ug'eof] .
clg rf/}hgf aflx/ lg:Sof}F .
sR5k]Zj/nfO{ :yfgLo hglha|fn] s5j]Zj/ eGbf] /x]5 . o; dlGb/g]/ d?GbLZj/
dlGb/ klg 5 . d?GbLZj/nfO{ sR5k]Zj/ dlGb/sf] hf]8f dflgG5 . lzjlnª\unfO{ sR5k
cyf{t\ s5'jfdfly :yflkt ul/Psf] x'gfn] oxfF lzjhLnfO{ sR5k]Zj/ elgPsf] xf] .
rf]n /fhfx¿n] ;ftf}F ztfAbLdf o; dlGb/sf] :yfkgf u/] klg kl5kl5sf
/fhfn] o;df ljleGg ;+/rgf yKg] tyf k'g?4f/ ug{] sfd ul//x] . of] dlGb/ klg
sfdfIfL / PsDa/]Zj/h:t} ef/tLo k'/ftŒj ljefusf] ;/If0fdf 5 .
;8saf6 ptf blIf0fdf PsDa/]Zj/ dlGb/ b]Vg kfOof] . t/ xfdL dflg;x¿nfO{
;f]Wb} ;f]em} s}nf;gfyf/ dlGb/lt/ a9\of}F . of] dlGb/ ;x/sf] k"jL{
lsgf/fdf /x]5 . cem egf}F, ;x/aflx/sf] u|fdL0f v08df /x]5 . glhs} 5 xf]nf eg]/
k}bn lxF8]sf, af6f] t lgs} /x]5 . xfdLnfO{ emGg} cfwf 306f nfUof] .
af6fdf ;'Ggft hfdft hfdf dl:hb gfdsf] dl:hb /x]5 . leq k;]gf}F,
aflx/af6} dl:hbsf] kmf]6f] lvRof}F . af6}df Pp6f 7"nf] lghL ljBfno /x]5 .
To;sf] aflx/L efuaf6 /fd|/L cjnf]sg u¥of}F . ;a}lt/af6 3'dL3'dL x]g{ kfof}F .
leq k;]/ ljBfyL{ / lzIfsnfO{ lgoldt sfddf afwf kfg'{ 7Ls b]v]gf}F, lsgeg] xfdL
of]hgfa4 9ª\un] ljBfnosf] cjnf]sg e|d0fdf lyPgf}F .
s}nf;gfyf/ dlGb/ M xfdL ca sf~rLk'/d\sf] ;j{k|frLg s}nf;gfyf/ dlGb/sf]
bz{gsf nflu Jou| lyof}F . udL{ a9\b} lyof], xfdL yfSg yfn]sf lyof}F, crfgs
cufl8 lgs} km/flsnf] xl/of] rp/ b]lvof] . rp/sf] kNnf] 5]pdf dlGb/ klg b]lvof]
. xfdL xif{n] k'nlst eof}F . rL/k|tLlIft s}nf;gfyf/ dlGb/df xfdL cfOk'u]sf
lyof}F . xfdLn] dlGb/sf] aflx/L ;fgf] u]6d} h'QfrKkn vf]Nof}F / leq k:of}F . c¿
dlGb/df h:tf] oxfF s'g} uf]k'/d\ 5}gg\ . k|j]zsf] cf}krfl/stf lbg] ljzfn u]6
cflb s]xL 5}g . lzjhL, pdf–kfj{tLsf nflu ;dlk{t of] dlGb/leq k:gf;fy} xfdL rlst
kg{ yflnxfNof}F . oxfF lzj–kfj{tLsf cG7fpGg k|ltdf /x]5g\ / ;a} k|ltdf
of]ud'b|fdf /x]5g\ . k|To]s of]ud'b|f cnu–cnu /x]5g\ . kNnj /fhfx¿n] :ofG8:6f]g
jf u|]gfO6sf d"¨t agfPsf c/] . oxfF pgLx¿n] kfnL efiffdf n]v]sf 5g\ . w]/}
:ofG8:6f]g d"lt{ ;dosf] k|sf]kn] ubf{ lvOPsf, km'6]sf / eTs]sf 5g\ . t/
klg k|frLgtfsf] /Iffsf nflu o;df plt w]/} hL0ff{]4f/ u/]sf] b]lvPg . t/ klg of]
dlGb/ c;'/lIft jf nfkaf{xLk"j{s ;~rfng ePsf] klg b]lvPg .
of] dlGb/ !$)) jif{ k'/fgf] xf] . rf]n /fhf g/l;+xjd{g låtLon] of]
dlGb/ agfpg nufPsf x'g\ eg] To;sf] ;o jif{hlt kl5 dx]Gb|jd{g t[tLon] yk ;+/rgfx¿
lgdf{0f u/fP .
oxfFsf] d'Vo dlGb/df /fhfx¿
k"hf ub{y] eg] cGo dlGb/x¿df ;fw' / of]uLhg Wofg ub{y] . p;a]nf bxL /
;AhLx¿af6 /ª agfO{ d"¨tx¿ /FufOGYof] . k|fs[lts /ª ePsfn] rf}w ;o jif{kl5
klg lgs} d"¨tdf /FufOPsf] /ª c´} afFsL 5 . cfhsf] ;dodf oltsf w]/} dlGb/ /
d"¨tdf s'Fb]/ olt ;'Gb/ agfpg] sfd ;f]Rg klg ;lsFb}g . laxfg ( ah]dfq of]
dlGb/ v'Ng] ePsfn] To;eGbf rfF8f] hfg' a]7Ls x'G5 . xfdL ;f9] cf7 ah] k'u]sf,
cfwf 306f kv{g'k¥of] . kv{g'k¥of] klg s] eGg], otfptf ;a}lt/ kmf]6f]x¿ lvr]/
latfof}F . /dfOnf] eof] .
oxfFsf] lzjlnË ;f]x|d'vL /x]5 . ;a} d'vx¿sf d'b|f / efj cnu–cnu 5g\ . xfdL
;dod} k'u]sfn] k'hf/Lx¿n] 7Ls;Fu bz{g u/fP .
bz{gkl5 oxfF klg cGo lzjdlGb/df em}F lje"lt lbOG5 . xfdLn] oxfF lg
lje"lt lnof}F / clnslt sfutdf kf]sf] kf/]/ 3/ Nofpgsf nflu /fVof}F . ToxfF
Pp6f Rofkaf6 l5/]/ k|blIf0ff ug{] rng /x]5 . d klg l5/]F . leq t Psbd cK7\of/f]
/x]5, s;f] nl8gF . aNnaNn ;fFu'/f] Kjfnaf6 l5/]/ k|blIf0ff ug{ ;kmn ePF .
lg:sg] 7fpFrflxF plt c;lhnf] xf]Og . ;xh} lg:s]F .
aflx/ lg:s]kl5 km]l/ s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lvRof}F . bfh'efph" klg
w]/} v';L x'g'eof] . o; k|frLg dlGb/sf] k|frLgtf, df}lnstf, zflGt / ;/;kmfOn]
xfdL rf/} hgf v'a} k|efljt eof}F .
j/b/fh dlGb/ M o;kl5 xfdL lji0f'sf~rLsf]
bz{g ug{ rfxGYof}F . ToxfFaf6 lji0f'sf~rL hfgsf nflu c6f] kqmg'kbf{] /x]5 .
j/b/fh dlGb/ jf j/b/fh k]?dn dlGb/ >Llji0f'df ;dlk{t 5 . o;nfO{ /x:o /
ljz]iftfn] el/Psf] dlGb/ elgG5 . oxfFsf] d"¨t j/sf] ¿vsf] sf08 sf6L
s'FlbPsf] 5 . of] d"¨t x/]s rfnL; jif{kl5 hnaf6 aflx/ lgsfn]/ bz{g ul/G5 .
dlGb/df cgGt ;f/:j/ ;/f]j/ Psbd d'Vo xf] . o; ;/f]j/df cltj/b/fh eujfg\
x/]s rfnL; jif{kl5 bz{g lbg'x'G5 . rfnL; jif{kl5 of] d"¨t lgsfNbf g of]
;8]sf] x'G5, g un]sf] x'G5 g o;sf] /ª ablnPsf] x'G5 . # h'nfO{ @)!( df kl5Nnf]
k6s bz{g ug{ kfOPsf] lyof] eg] ca csf]{ bz{g @)%( df x'g]5 . lji0f'nfO{
cltj/b/fh elgg'sf sf/0f s] xf] eg] æcltÆ sf] cy{ clGh/sf] sf7 / j/b/fhsf] cy{
x/]s lsl;dsf j/bfg lbg] eGg] x'G5 .
oxfF bz{gfyL{sf] nfdf] nfOg x'Fbf] /x]5 . nueu ;jf b'O{ 306fdf aNn
xfd|f] kfnf] cfof] . oxfF ;a}lt/ ljz]if ;'/Iff Joj:yf 5 / eSthgsf] ;'ljwfsf]
/fd|f] Vofn /flvFbf] /x]5 .
dlGb/ kl/;/d} ljz]if k|;fb tof/ ul/G5 . xfdL dlGb/aflx/ lg:sFbf dlGb/åf/f
ljt/0f ul/g] k|;fb vfg] a]nf ePsf] /x]5 . bfh' / d}n] k|;fb vfof}F . efph"
/ ;Ltfn] gvfP/ xfdLnfO{ lbPsfn] Tof] klg xfdLn] g} vfOlbof}F . olt vfPkl5 b'O{
hgfsf nflu t ;f] lbgsf] vfgfsf] emGem6 g} vtd eof] .
j/b/fh dlGb/nfO{ x:tlul/, clQo'/d\ cflb gfdn] klg k'sfl/Fbf] /x]5 . lji0f'sf
!)* dlGb/ cyf{t\ lbJob]zd\dWo] of] Ps xf] . >L/fdfg'hfrfo{ oxfF a:g'x'GYof]
eGg] dfGotf 5 . PsDa/]Zj/, sfdfIfL cDdfg / cltj/b/fh oL tLgnfO{ ldnfP/
d'd"lt{j;d\ elgG5 . o;sf] cy{ lzj, zlSt / lji0f' tLgsf] jf;:yfg eGg] x'G5
.
syf M ls+jbGtLcg';f/ ;/:jtLn] :ju{sf /fhf OGb|nfO{ xfQL eP/ dTo{nf]sdf
8'ln/xg'kg{] >fk lbOg\ . t/ kl5 lji0f' eujfg\n] pSt >fkaf6 OGb|nfO{ d'St
ul/lbg'eof] . lji0f' eujfg\ x:tlul/ kj{tsf] ¿kdf k|s6 x'g'eof] . x:tlul/ eGgfn]
xfQL kj{tsf] ¿kdf ePsf] eGg] cy{ x'G5 . j/b/fh dlGb/sf] l;lnªdf h'g ;'gf}nf /
rfFbLsf leQL 5g\, tL OGb| :jod\n] :yfkgf u/]sf x'g\ elgG5 . oL b'O{ hLj OGb|
>fkdf k/]sf] / >fkaf6 d'St ePsf] 36gfsf ;fIfL x'g\ elgG5 . a|xdfhL cfP/
oxfF Ps o1 ug'{ePsf] lyof] . t/ o1 ub{} ubf{ oxfFsf] j]ujtL -;/:jtL gbL_ n]
o1:ynnfO{ emGg} aufof] . pSt j]ujtL gbLnfO{ cfh knf/ gbL elgG5 .
t/ gbLn] o1:yn aufpg] b]v]kl5 eujfg\ lji0f' :jod\ cfP/ gbLsf] dfu{df
;'ltlbg'eof] . gbLn] o1e"ld aufpg kfPg, o1sfo{ ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg eof]
. ca eujfg\ lji0f' xhf/f}F ;"o{sf] t]h lnP/ j/b/fh:jfdLsf] ¿kdf p7\g'eof]
clg clt gfdsf] j[Ifdf :yfoL ¿kn] al;lbg'eof] . pxfFnfO{ glhs}sf] kf]v/Ldf
g8'afpGh]n;Dd pxfFdf ;f] t]h sfod /x\of] . j/sf] ¿vnfO{ tldn efiffdf clt elgG5
.
g/l;+x dlGb/dfly Ps kTy/ k|ltdf 5 . o;nfO{ b]j/fh k]?dn elgG5 . b]j/fh
k]?dnsf] k"hgnfO{ j/b/fhsf] k"hgsf ¿kdf dflgG5 . o;sf] cy{ xf] Ps}
kTy/df b'O{ eujfg\sf] jf; 5 .
–––
;'?df eg]sf] 5', sf~rLk'/d\ tLg s'/fn] ljZjk|l;4 5 M oxfFsf dlGb/,
sf~rLk'/d\ ;f8L / sf]ljn O8nL . oxfFsf] sf]ljn O8nL afF;sf l;Gsfx¿df tof/ ul/G5
. of] 7"nf] x'g] ePsfn] sf6]/ lbOG5 / o;dfly vf];f{gL;lxtsf d/d;nf xflnG5
. oxfF cfpg]n] of] O8nL rfVg'k5{ . xfdLn] a]n'sfsf] vfgfsf] ;f6f] oxL O8nL
vfof}F . dhf eof] .
o;kl5 xfdL Ps–8]9 ah]lt/ kmsL{ xf]6ndf cfof}F . lbge/sf] ysfO lyof] .
lgs}a]/ cf/fd u/]/ a:of}F .
æcasf] sfo{qmd s] 5 <Æ tLg ah]lt/ o'j/fh bfh'n] ;f]Wg'eof] .
æ sf~rLk'/d\ ;x/ / j/k/ >Ls~ra]Zj/ dlGb/, >Lj}s'07 k]?dn dlGb/,
sfzL ljZjgfy dlGb/, d'6' df/L cDdfg sf]ljn, dl0fd08kd\, sf6' d'gLZj/d\ dlGb/
kfbkd\, PNnfO{cDdfg dlGb/ cflb cg]s tLy{:yn 5g\ . t/ xfdL tL 7fpFdf ghfg] .
yflsof], /x/ klg k'Uof] . cfhsf] sfo{qmd olQ . ca xfdL r]ª\ufnk6\6' hfg] . a;df
. casf] s]xLa]/df .Æ
æslt ;do nfUnf <Æ
a;df 8]9 306fhlt nfUnf . rfnL;–aofnL; lsnf]ld6/dfq xf] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æP .Æ bfh' olt eg]/ ptf cfkm\gf] sf]7fdf k:g'eof] . s]xLa]/df pxfFsf]
xftdf r'sGb/sf 6'qmfx¿n] el/Psf] Kn]6 lyof] .
æn' vfcf}F .Æ pxfFn] eGg'eof] .
ævfcf}F g t .Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
æxfd|f nflu pt} /fv]sf] 5' . tkfO{Fx¿n] vfg] xf] of] .Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof]
. pxfF lxFl8 klg xfNg'eof] .
cfwf 306fkl5 xfdL lg:Sof}F . a; r9]/ r]ª\ufnk6\6' cfof}F . oxfF sf]7f
kfpg clns emGem6 eof] . xf]6n g} sd /x]5g\ . aNnaNn u0f]z ejg eGg] xf]6ndf
sf]7f ldNof] . ldNg t cGoq klg ldn]s} xf] t/ k};f crfSnL dxFuf] eg] .
sf]7fsf] aGbf]a:t ePkl5 xfdL glhs}sf] sf]nfjfO{ tfn x]g{ uof}F .
sf]nfafO{ tfnsf] blIf0fL lsgf/sf] kmf]xf]/ ufpFdf Pp6f ;–;fgf] dlGb/ lyof] .
;f] :yfgLo dlGb/ klg x]¥of}F . otfsf dlGb/x¿ cToGt s8f /ªn] /FufOPsf x'G5g\ .
;x/sf] s]xL efu k}bn g} lxF8]/ x]¥of}F . /dfOnf] s'/f, otfsf dflg; lxGbL
ga'em\g] . cª\u|]hL klg ghfGg] . efiffsf] ;d:ofn] a]nfa]nf lgs} hl6ntf
NofpFYof] .
gf]e]Da/ %, @)@# r]ª\ufnk6\6'
!$= dxfanLk'/d\
dxfanLk'/d\ Ps 6fk'df cjl:yt 5 . b u|]6 ;N6 n]s gfdsf] Aofsjf6/n]
o;nfO{ d'Vo e"ld;Fu cnu u/]sf] 5 . sf~rLk'/d\af6 dxfanLk'/d\ a;df hfg'k5{
. nueu ^% lsnf]ld6/ k5{ . olb nf]sn 6«]gsf] 6fOd ldNof] eg] sf~rLk'/d\af6 r]Ëfnk6\6';Dd
nf]sn 6«]gdf cfpg' ;/n x'G5 . xfdL a;]sf] xf]6naf6 a; :6]G8 / /]nj] :6];g b'j}
glhs} g} ky{] .
;Ltfn] elgg\– æTof] 6«]gaf6 ghfcf}F . dnfO{ r9\g / pqg g} lbSbf/ nfU5 .Æ
xfdL a;d} uof}F . emGg} b'O{ 306f nufof] a;n] . xfdL dxfanLk'/d\sf] a;
:6]G8df k'Ubf laxfgsf] ;f9] ;ft ah]sf] lyof] . o;kl5 xfdLn] Pp6f c6f]sf]
aGbf]a:t u¥of}F . xfdL k'Ug'kg{] :yfg / nfUg ;Sg] ;do eg]/ Ps ah];Ddsf nflu
Tof] c6f] aGbf]a:t u/]sf lyof}F .
ækfls{ª z'Ns / c¿ vr{ tkfO{Fsf] lg ÛÆ d}n] eg]F .
ætkfO{Fx¿sf] k|j]z z'NsrflxF cfkm}F ltg'{xf]nf . sDkf]lh6 l6s6
lng'xf]nf . Tof] l6s6 hxfFhxfF hfg] xf] ;fydf /fVg'xf]nf . Ps] l6s6n] 3'Dg
kfOG5 . l6s6 sf6\g] emGem6 36\5 / ;:tf] klg k5{ . d sxLF klg tkfO{Fx¿nfO{ kv{]/
a:g]5}g . cfkm" aflx/ lg:sg'cufj} kmf]g ug'{xf]nf d bf}8]/ cfpg]5' Æ
c6f]jfnfn] ;do arfpg] / kfls{ª z'Ns arfpg] pkfo lgsfn]sf] lyof] .
æt/ kvf{pg rflxF kfOFb}g lg ÛÆ d}n] eg]F .
ækfFr ldg]6 klxNo} kmf]g ug'{xf]nf, d cfOxfN5' .Æ
s'/f ldNof] .
!= k~r/y M ;j{k|yd p;n] xfdLnfO{ ;f]em}
k~r/y k'¥ofof] . kfFr kf08j / b|f}kbLsf /yx¿ s'FlbPsf 5g\ . ljzfn kTy/nfO{
sf6]/ ljlrq ¿k lbOPsf] /x]5 . oxfF :ofG8:6f]g s'Fb]/ agfOPsf /y / xfQLx¿ cToGt
;'Gb/ 5g\ . log} kTy/snfsf sf/0f ljZje/sf ko{6s oxfF cfpF5g\ .
xfdL pTkft} /dfof}F . laxfgsf] cf7 ah]sf] x'gfn] dflg;sf] eL8ef8 lyPg .
x]bf{x]b{} dflg;x¿ cf]Ol/g yfn] . xfdLn] /dfpFb} otf / ptf bf}8]/ cg]s kf]h
kmf]6f] lvRof}F . emGg} cfwf 306fkl5 xfdL aflx/ lg:Sof}F .
c6f]jfnf cfOxfNof] . p;n] xfdLnfO{ eGof]– ca dlxiff;'/dlb{gL u'kmf hfg]
. ToxLF 5 k'/fgf] nfO6 xfp; . otfk6\l6 rflxF gofF nfO6xfp; 5 . k'/fgf] nfO6xfp;df
r9]/ hfg ldN5, gofFrflxF tn}af6 x]g{] xf] .Æ
clnslt af6f] s'bfPkl5 p;n] xfdLnfO{ eGof]– æoxL xf] . otfaf6 hfg'xf]nf
. pt}pt} . b|f}kbL s"k, u0fklt dlGb/ / s[i0f a6/an x]/]/ lg:sg'xf]nf . d
Tot} x'G5' .Æ
æslt ;do nfUnf xfdLnfO{ <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
æPs–8]9 306f .Æ
cf]nSsg]Zj/ dlGb/ M clg xfdL k|j]z /l;b
b]vfP/ k:of}F . clnslt psfnf] /x]5 . ljzfn kTy/af6 j/k/sf] xl/of] ;+;f/
b]lvFbf] /x]5 . blIf0ftkm{ gLnf] ;d'b|, k"j{ / klZrdtkm{ dxfanLk'/d\sf]
xl/of] ;+;f/ / 3/x¿, pQ/tkm{ gl/jnsf ljzfn au}Frf, v]t / ufpFx¿ . o;nfO{ 6fk'
agfpg] ;fgf] Rofgn cyf{t\ Aofsjf6;{ . To; kTy/df r9\g kTy/ sf6]/ v'8\lsnf
agfOPsf] 5 dfgf}F of] kSsL 3/sf] tnf r9\g] l;F9L xf] .
dfly k'Uof}F . cg]s kf]h kmf]6f] lvFRof}F . clg ‘nfO6xfp;’df r9\of}F .
afFb/ lgs} /x]5g\ . tL dflg;sf] Psbd glhs cfpFbf /x]5g\ . ;Ltf / efph"
afFb/sf] 5]pdf a;]/ kmf]6f] lvFlrdfUg yfNg'eof] . e/] kf] yfxf eof] xfdLn] nfO6
xfp; eg]sf] ;+/rgf t cf]nSsg]Zj/ dlGb/ /x]5 . To;} dlGb/sf d'lg lyof]
dlxiff;'/dlb{gL dlGb/ .
dlxiff;'/dlb{gL u'kmf dlGb/ M clg cf]n{]/
dlxiff;'/dlb{gL u'kmf dlGb/df k:of}F . of] /s–s6 s]e cyf{t\ 9'ª\uf] sk]/
agfOPsf] dlGb/ xf] . 9'ª\ufdf b]jLb]jtfsf w]/} xft ePsf d"lt{ / /fIf;sf
eofgs ¿kx¿ s'FlbPsf lyP . b]jf;'/ ;ª\u|fdsf] Ps k|;ª\u klg lrlqt /x]5 . chGtf /
Pnf]/f s]E; b]v]/ cfPsf dflg;sf nflu of] s]xL xf]Og t/ klxnf]kN6 o:tf] dlGb/
b]Vg] rlst x'G5 . bfh' / efph' Psbd rlst x'g'eof] . o:tf] ;+/rgf pxfFx¿sf]
sNkgfaflx/sf ljifo lyP . g]kfnsf 9'ª\ufx¿df o;f] ug{ ;lsFb}g, To} eP/ .
nfO6 xfp; M clg xfdL k'/fgf] nfO6xfp;df
k'Uof}F . ToxfF hfg] l;F9L klg ToxL ljzfn kTy/ sf6]/ agfOPsf] 5 . l;ª\u} kxf8
Pp6} kTy/n] ag]h:tf] nfU5 . klxn] ;d'b|df cfphfp ug{] hxfhx¿nfO{ ca hldgsf]
5]pdf k'Ug nfluof] x} eg]/ cFWof/fdf af6f] b]vfpgsf nflu nfO6xfp; agfOPsf]
x'GYof] . cr]n ;fob nfO6xfp; geP klg ;xh} kfgLhxfh af6f] klxNofpF5g\, lsgf/fdf
k'U5g\ .
ca cf]n{g] a]nf ePsf] lyof] . xfdL k"j{lt/sf] /fd|f] / xNsf
cf]/fnf] af6f] kqm]/ cl3 a9\of}F . Pp6L tldn gf/Ln] ev{/sf sfFrf cfFk sf6]/
a]Rg /fv]sL lyO{ . ;Ltf / efph"sf d'v /;fP . sfFrf] xl/of] cldnf] cfFksf
PsPs 6'qmf lsgL vfof}F . To; :qLn] Pp6f cfFknfO{ sDtLdf b; 6'qmf agfpFyL /
k|To]s 6'qmfnfO{ tL; ?lkofF lnGyL . Ps bfgf] cfFk sf6]/ ef/tLo tLg ;o ?lkofF,
ultnf] sdfO /x]5 .
xfdL sflt{s dlxgfdf sfFrf] cldnf] / g'gvf];f{gL blnPsf] /l;nf] cfFk
vfFb} lxF8\of}F . Totfsf ljlrq cfsf/sf 9'ª\uf x]b{}, kmf]6f] lvRt} cl3 a9\of}F
. Ps 7fpFdf s]xL o'jfx¿ dfly kTy/sf] 6'Kkfdf xNnf ul//x]sf lyP . o;f] x]/]sf]
k|frLg ;+/rgfh:tf] b]lvof] . ;fob oxfF ;'/IffsdL{ a:g] :yfoL k|s[ltsf] ejg
lyof] / clxn] Tof] eTs]/ rf}tf/f]h:tf] ePsf] 5 . d kTy/sf] 7f8f] PskfOn]
l;F9Ldf psfn} bf}8]F . dfly Psbd km/flsnf] t/ psfn} k/]sf] 7fpF /x]5 . d ToxfF
k'u]/ lrRofpFb} cf]/fnf] em/]F . v';Lsf] lrRofx6n] d]/f] 3fF6L g} a:of] .
-dnfO{ nfU5 ToxL xf] ch'{g tk:of:ynL ._
clg Pp6f d"nåf/h:tf] ;+/rgfdf k'luof] . s'g} /fhfn] agfPsf]
d"nåf/ /x]5 . Psbd ;'Gb/ . ToxfF Psb'O{ kf]h kmf]6f] lvlrof] . clg cem cl3
a9\bf af6f b'O{lt/ 5'6\l6P . stf hfg] xf], cndn eof] . bfh'efph" cl3cl3
x'g'x'GYof] . xfdL klg kl5 kl5 nfUof}F . glhs} b|f}kbL s"k /x]5 .
9'ª\uf] sk]/ 7"nf] s"k agfOPsf] . xfdL avf{ofddf k'u]sfn] xf]nf Tof]
9'ª\u] s"k el/e/fp lyof] . xfdL otfptfsf] /ldtf x]b{} ToxfF s]xLa]/
cNdlnof}F . clg kms{]/ k'gM cf]/fnf]k6\l6sf] af6f] ;dfTof}F . af6}df wd{/fhsf]
l;+xf;g Ps u'kmf sf6]/ agfOPsf] /x]5 .
u0f]z /y dlGb/ M clns klt{/ v'nf vfnsf]
;Dd rp/ /x]5 . ToxfF u0fkltsf] dlGb/ xl/of] rp/sf] aLrdf 5 . of] klg /s–s6
dlGb/ g} xf] . o; dlGb/sf] kmf]6f] lvr]/ xfdL klt{/sf] xl/of] rp/df k'Uof}F .
dflg;x¿ otfptf ul//x]sf lyP . 3fd 6G6nfk'/ nfu]sf] lyof] t/ s;}nfO{ To:tf]
udL{sf] kaf{x lyPg .
s[i0ffh a6/ an M ljzfn rKn]6L 9'ª\ufdfly
csf{] d6\ofª\u|f]h:tf] t/ ljzfn 9'ª\uf] clncln le/fnf] 7fpFdf n8\nf–n8\nf h:tf]
u/L cl8Psf] /x]5 . Rof] ljzfn rKn]6L 9'ª\uf] nueu b;kGw| s6\7f hldgdf km}lnPsf]
lyof] . xfdL 5Ss lyof}F . ;a}hgf ;Fu} lyof}F t/ dgx¿ PSnfPSn} stfstf pl8/x] .
dflg;x¿ o; If0fnfO{ ;bf :d/0fof]Uo /fVg kmf]6f] / lel8of] lvlr/x]sf lyP . 3/
k'u]/ 3/kl/jf/nfO{ b]vfpg], ;fyLefOnfO{ b]vfpg] /x/ s;sf] x'Fb}g / <
clg xfdL Pp6f ¿vsf] l;ofFndf a;]/ kf]h kmf]6f] lng yfNof}F . ;Ltfn]
lvr]sf kmf]6f]x¿ lgs} xlNnPsf x'g\ ls lsg xf] kmf]s; ldn]sf /x]g5g\ .
km]l/km]l/ lvFRof}F . /dfOnf] eof] . To; ljzfn 9'ª\ufnfO{ s[i0fsf] dSvgsf]
8Nnf] s[i0ffh a6/ an gfd lbPsf /x]5g\ . hxfF klg cª\u|]hLs/0fsf] /f]u ef/tdf
klg 5 . xfdLsxfF dftftLy{ cf}F;LnfO{ db;{ 8], a'afsf] d'v x]g{] lbgnfO{ kmfb;{
8] eg]em}F ef/tdf klg o:tf] xLgtfaf]wL cg'jfbsf] vfFrf] /x]g5 .
o;kl5 xfdL u]6df cfOk'Uof}F . oxfF klg l6s6 sf6\g] sd{rf/L a;]sf 5g\ .
xfdLn] klxNo} ;a}lt/sf nflu Ps} l6s6 lnO;s]sf x'gfn] of] emd]nf k/]g . o;kl5
glhs}sf] xf]6ndf k;]/ k'/L–t/sf/L tyf 8f];f–;Daf/ vfof}F . d}n] rflxF e/;s
blIf0f ef/tdf /x'Gh]n O8nL, 8f];f, pkdf, pTykd\, kf]ª\un cflb blIf0f ef/tLo
l6kmg tyf vfgf vfg] ljrf/ u/]sf] lyPF . otf klg vfg]s'/f s]/fs} kftdf k:s] .
6Gg vfPkl5 xfdLn] Psl5g ;':tfpg] ljrf/ u¥of}F . ha df]afOndf kmf]6f]x¿
x]/]F, a6/ andf d ePsf kmf]6f]x¿ Psbd sfdgnfUg] b]lvP . ;LtfnfO{ km]l/ uP/
lvrf}F eg]F . xfdL b'j} uof}F / k'gMk'gM lvRof}F . o;kN6sf kmf]6f]x¿ /fd|f cfP
. d}n] kTy/df psfnf] bf}8]/ lgs}k6s lel8of] lvlrdfu]F . oLdWo] Pp6f g Pp6f
;ª\u|x0fLo xf]nf eg]/ w]/}j6f lel8of] lvlrdfu]sf] lyPF . o;f] x]/]sf], o;kN6sf
kmf]6f] / lel8of] /fd|f cfPsf /x]5g\ .
ch'{g tk:of:yn M ljzfn lznfv08df eujfg\ /
hgfj/x¿sf] snfTds sf}zn lrq 5 / s'FbfOsf] cfsif{0f ljlrq 5 eGg] ;'g]sf] lyPF .
s'g 7fpF xf] of], d}n] yfx} gkfO{ cl3 a9]F5' . a9]5f}F .
o'j/fh bfh' / efph' ;f]xL xf]6ndf al;/xg'ePsf] lyof] . xfdL b;–kGw|
ldg]6df kmsL{ cfOxfNof}F .
æxfdL a6/an–cufl8 5f}F .Æ d}n] c6f]jfnfnfO{ kmf]g u/]/ eg]F .
æcfpFb} 5' .Æ p;n] eGof] .
s]xLa]/df pm cfOk'Uof] . xfd|f] 6f]nL c6f]df r9]/ km]l/ d'Vo rf]slt/
cfof] .
æch'{g tk:of:ynLrflxF sxfF xf] lg <Æ d}n] 8«fOe/nfO{ ;f]w]F .
æpt} lyof] t . clu g} x]g'{kYof{] lg .Æ 8«fOe/n] eGof] . nf}, vQd eP5 .
ca ghfg], d}n] ;f]r]F .
xfdL r'krfk c6f]df al;/x\of}F . ca t6jtL{ dlGb/ hfg' lyof] . a; :6]G8
eP/ ptf blIf0f nfUof}F . udL{ k|r08 lyof] t/ udL{ eof] eg]/ sfo{qmd :ylut ug{
;Dej lyPg . xfdL ptf ;d'b|lsgf/df k'Uof}F . ToxfFsf] gLnf] ;d'b|sf]
b[Zofjnf]sgdf s]xL a]/ /dfof}F . ;fgfltgf kf]y|fx¿sf] l;ofFndf a;]/ ;d'b|sf]
rfnsf] cjnf]sg ug{'sf] dh} csf{] 5 .
t6jtL{ dlGb/ (Shrore Temple) M clg xfdL t6jtL{ dlGb/df k'Uof}F . dlGb/ k|frLg xf] . of] dlGb/ b|lj8
jf:t'snfsf] pRr gd'gf xf] . s7f]/ 3fdkfgL / ;d'b|sf] em6\sf k6sk6s vfPsfn]
xf]nf d"lt{x¿ lvOPsf lyP . ;d'b|sf] lgb{oL :jfF cfjfh lg/Gt/ cfpFbf] /x]5
oxfF . dflg;x¿ xif{df b|ljt lyP . ;a} kmf]6f] lvRg / otfptf bf}8gdf Jo:t lyP .
s]6fs]6L, o'jfo'jtL, cwa}F;] / a"9fa"9L htftt} lyP . ;a}sf nflu oxfF
s]xL g s]xL lyof] . ;fob s]6fs]6Lx¿ v'nfkgdf v]Ng'sf] cfgGbdf lyP, o'jfo'jtLx¿
k|]d ;f6f;f6 / ;flGgWosf] :jfbdf /dfO/x]sf lyP . cwa}F;]x¿ oxfFsf] Oltxf;,
ef}lts kl/j]z, cfly{s dxŒj cflb s'/fdf ?lr /fVy] / a"9fa"9Lx¿
O{Zj/sf] bz{g kfpg] nfn;f af]s]sf lyP . ;a} ;Fu} lyP t/ sf]xL klg ;fydf lyPg,
;a} PSnfPSn} hLjg afFlr/x]sf lyP .
xfdLn] blIf0f, klZrd / pQ/k6\l6af6 dlGb/nfO{ kfZj{df kf/L s]xL kf]h
kmf]6f] lvRof}F .
s]xLa]/kl5 o'j/fh bfh'n] ;f]Wg'eof]– æoxfF x]g{] / ug{] sfds'/f c¿ s]s]
5g\ .Æ
æslt xf] slt 5g\ lg bfh' . t/ cfh ;d'b|sf] cjnf]sg, kof{j/0fsf] cWoog,
dlGb/sf] bz{g, dflg;x¿sf af/]df lrGtg dfq ug{ ;do 5 . ca ptf hfcf}F .Æ d}n]
klZrdblIf0f lbzflt/ b]vfP/ eg]F .
æstf <Æ bfh'n] ;f]Wg'eof] .
ædxfanLk'/d\ ;d'b|L lsgf/fsf nflu gfd'b 5 . dxfanLk'/d\ lardf uPkl5
xfd|f] dgsf] tfk, z/L/sf] udL{, xfjfsf] cfb{|tf / pv'd ;a vtd x'G5 . hfcf}F .Æ
d}n] eg] .
clg xfdL lxFl8xfNof}F . dlGb/cufl8 pTvgg eO/x]sf] /x]5 . s'g} ;dodf
oxfF csf{] dlGb/ lyof] h:tf] b]lvof] . To;sf] ue{u[xsf] ;+/rgf pTvgg eO;s]sf]
/x]5 . xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5, Oltxf;sf] s'g} sfnv08df, vf;u/L rf]nj+zL /fhfx¿sf]
;dodf, of] :yfg ljzfn aGb/ufx lyof] . cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/sf] Ps dxŒjk"0f{
s]Gb| lyof] dxfanLk'/d\ . tL ;a s'/fsf] cWoogsf nflu k'/ftŒjljb\x¿n] oxfF pTvgg
sfo{qmd rnfPsf xf]nfg\ .
xfdL clns klt{/ xl/of] rp/sf] aLrdf k'Uof}F . Pp6f em\ofDd k/]sf] ¿vd'lg
dflg;x¿ a;]sf lyP . xfdL ToxLF uof}F . xfdLnfO{ klg a:gsf nflu a]Gr ldNof] .
s]xLa]/ oxLF ;':tfof}F . lbgsf] x'x'{/ aNbf] 3fddf lxF8\g' cToGt si6s/ 5 . t/
3fd ef], kfgL ef], hf8f] ef], udL{ ef], of] ef] / Tof] ef] eGg]n] 3/aflx/
lg:sg} kfpFb}g, ;+;f/sf] of] ljlrqtf b]Vg] kfpFb}g eG7fG5' d .
clg p7]/ d"nåf/lt/ uof}F . ptf ;d'b|lsgf/ hfg] af6fdf k;nx¿sf nx/
lyP . k;n]x¿ xfdLnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;fdfg lsGg af]nfO/xGy] . cfkm"n] a]Rg l7Ss
kf/]sf] ;fdfg cf]l/lhgn xf] . o:tf] cf]l/lhgn ;fdfg cGoq st} kfOFb}g / kfOxfn]
klg tkfO{Fn] tLgrf/ u'gf a9L df]n ltg'{knf{, ltgLx¿ eG5g\ .
xfdL k;n]x¿sf s'/} g;'gL ;d'b|sf] lsgf/lt/ uof}F . kfgLdf k'u]kl5 dnfO{
s;f]s;f] u?F eGg] dg eof] . bfofFafofF g;f]rL d}n] xtf/xtf/ n'uf kmfn]F . clg
em\ofDd xfDkmfn]F . ;d'b|sf] gLnf] kfgL g'lgnf] klg 5 . t/ gLnf] of g'lgnf]
d]/f nflu vf;} rf;f]sf] ljifo lyPg . o;sf] cgGt km}nfj6, ljlrqsf 5fn, ;kmf au/,
lsgf/df a;]/ ljl:dt\ cfFvfn] cgGtlt/ x]l//x]sf dflg;x¿ d]/f nflu /dfOnf] /
efj'stfsf sf/0f aG5g\ . oltsf dflg;x¿ gePsf eP oxfF sf] /dfpg ;S5 / < oL ;a}
/ldtf x]g{ cfPsf, cfkm}F /ldtf ePsf 5g\ . aª\ufnaf6 cfpg]x¿sf nflu s]/nfsf
dflg; /ldtf, s]/nfsf dflg;x¿ dxf/fi6«sf dflg;sf nflu /ldtf . ;a}sf nflu ;a} hgf
/ldtf . lnDa"x¿sf] ;+:sf/df Pp6f rng 5 M ;o hgf dflg; b]lvof] eg] To; lbg
k'0o sdfOG5 . oxfF t Ps}l5gdf xhf/f}F dflg; b]lvG5 . xf] klg, oltsf dfG5]sf aLr
x'g' g} efUo xf] .
kfgLaf6 lg:s]kl5 d}n] xtf/xtf/ kfOG6 ;6{ nfOxfn]F . clg ;a}hgf ;d'b|L
5fndf /dfof}F . s]xLa]/ kmf]6f] / lel8of] lvr]kl5 xfdL ToxfFaf6 lg:Sof}F . 3fd
hlt;'s} rsf{] eP klg ;d'b|sf] o; v08df zLtn xfjf rn]/ jftfj/0f cfgGbdo lyof] .
oxfFaf6 lg:s]kl5 xfdLn] zª\v / ;fgfltgf pkxf/ lsGof}F, tf ls Psb'O{ gft]bf/nfO{
Tof] lbg kfOof];\ . cem} lgs} lbg ofqf afFsL lyof], af]s]/ nUg sl7g x'g] ePsfn]
xfdL ux|f}F ;fdfg lsGg ;St}gYof}F, emf]nfdf /fVg sl7g x'g] ePsfn] 7"nf]
;fdfg klg lsGg ;St}gYof}F, k};fsf] ;Lldttfsf sf/0f dxFuf] klg lsGg sl7g x'GYof]
.
oxfFsf c¿ klg bz{gLo :ynx¿ 5g\ . xfdL ;dosf] ;Lldttf / c;x\o udL{sf
sf/0f oxfF c¿ nfdf] ;do;Dd a:g rfxGgYof}F . t}klg d yk :yfgx¿sf] ;"rL
k|:t't u5'{ . xfdLrflxF oL s'g} 7fpFdf klg k'u]gf}F M
s[i0fd08kd\ M kTy/df s[i0fsyf k"0f{¿kn] lrlqt .
j/fx u'kmf dlGb/ M cv08 /s–s6 dlGb/ .
lqd"¨t u'kmf dlGb/ M cUnf] r§fg . k|frLg /s–s6 dlGb/
du/dR5 a}Í . %))) eGbf Hofbf du/dR5 uf]xL ;+/lÔt 5g\ .
zª\v ;ª\u|x .
oL :yfgx¿sf] af/]df d}n] clncln cWoog u/]sf] lyPF, t/ ca ylst eO;s]sf]
x'gfn] oxfFaf6 pDsg xfdL rfxGYof}F . dxfanLk'/d\nfO{ :yfgLo af]nLdf dfdNnk'/d\
elgG5 . oxfF o'g]:sf] ljZjw/f]x/ Ô]q 5 h;df ;ftf}F jf cf7f}F ztfAbLdf ag]sf
cg]s lxGb' w/f]x/x¿ 5g\ . kNnj ;fd|fHosf] ;dodf of] Ps aGb/ufx ;x/ lyof] .
dxfanLk'/d\ r]Ënk6\6'af6 @( lsnf]ld6/sf] b"/Ldf 5 . r]GgO{sf] lt?jlGdo'/
a; 6ld{g;af6 ;f]´} dxfanLk'/d\sf nflu a; 5g\ . dxfanLk'/d\ ko{6s :yn laxfg 5
ah]b]lv a]n'sf 5 ah];Dd v'nf /xg] /x]5 .
xfdL ca dxfanLk'/d\af6 labf x'g] ;do eof] . bfh'–efph"nfO{ g'g
pBf]u b]vfpg] dnfO{ dg lyof] . Tof] cfh k"/f x'g] ePsf] lyof] . xfdL a;
kqmL snjSsd\ uof}F . lzj gb/ ljZjljBfno;Fu}sf] Pp6f g'g vfgL x]g{] /x/n] Totf
nfUof}F . rf/ hgf dflg; cfkm\gf Kn6lt/ uPsfn] b'O{ dflg; df]6/;fOsndf x'OFlsP/
xfdL eP7fpF cfP .
æKn6 x]g{] xf] <Æ Pp6fn] ;f]Wof] .
æx}g . xfdL t 8'nGt] . ko{6s .Æ d}n] xfF:t} eg]F . pgLx¿ t'?Gt
kmls{Oxfn] .
o:tf 7fpFdf klg 38]/L laStf /x]5g\ . x]b{} l3gnfUbf], ynyn l;d;f/,
g'lgnf] kfgLsf] ;+;f/ 5 sxfF 3/ agfpg' < oxfFaf6 kmf]xf]/ / kfgLsf] lgsf;
klg ;Dej b]lvPg . t/ jlt{/klt{/ uugr'DaL 3/ ag]sf b]Vtf pb]s nfUof] . cToGt eJo
ejgx¿, au}Frfx¿, xf]6n / l/hf]6{x¿ 5g\ . r]GgO{ ;x/af6 clns k/sf] zfGt 7fpF
ePsfn] otfsf dflg;n] cfjf;Lo 3/ agfpgsf nflu klg ot} hldg lsGbf x'g\ . xf]6n,
kfs{, kf6L{ Kofn];, uf8L dd{t sf/vfgf, :s'n, sn]h cflb agfpg]sf nflu t ot} 7Ls
x'Fbf] xf] .
t/ o:tf] lj/StnfUbf] 7fpFdf s]sf] 38]/L < d]/f] dgdf o:tf] efjgf
cfO/x\of] .
xfdL clns cufl8 a9\of}F . Ps}l5gdf 7"nf7"nf v]tsf u/fh:tf
;fN6 Kofgx¿ b]lvg yfn] . sflt{s dlxgf otfsf] avf{df; ePsfn] g'g pBf]u aGb /x]5
. tL ;fN6 Kofgx¿df kfgL el/Psf] /x]5 t/ Tof] g'g pTkfbgsf nflu geP/ avf{sf]
kfgL el/P/ /x]5 . xfdL k'Ubf Pp6f ;'/Iffuf8{ s';L{df a;]/ d;d;L lgbfO/x]sf]
lyof] . s] u/f];\ lar/f . c¿yf]s ug{' klg t lyPg p;sf nflu . d}n] uP/ To;nfO{
lapFemfPF .
æ;fN6 Kofg x]g{ cfPsf xfdL . ko{6s . hfg kfOG5 xf]nf ls <Æ
æcxF . ldNb}g . leq gk:gf];\ . ot}af6 kmls{xfNgf];\ . cg'dlt 5}g .Æ pm
lgb|}df /x]5 . a8a8fof] .
o;f] j/k/sf] kmf]6f] lnof}F / kmSof{}F . avf{df; x'gfn] oxfF sfd
eO/x]sf] lyPg . cg'dlt g} kfPsf] eP klg s] x]g'{ / < a; kqmL lt?kf]?/ a;
l8kf];Dd cfof}F . oxfFaf6 r]ª\ufnk6\6' hfg] a; kqmgsf nflu . t/ Ps 306fhlt
kv{]kl5 aNnaNn a; cfof] . Psbd eL8 /x]5 a; . hlt eL8 eP klg of] a; g;dft] csf{]
a; cfpg km]l/ Ps 306f nfUnf eg]/ eL8 eP klg a;df r9\of}F . xfdLn] a:gsf nflu
l;6 kfPgf}F . r]ª\ufnk6\6' kms{Fbf 8]9 306fhlt pleP/ a;ofqf ug'{k¥of] . otfsf
dflg; a;df hlt;'s} eL8 eP klg xf]xNnf ub{}g /x]5g\ . r'krfk tf]s]sf] ef8f ltbf{
/x]5g\ . sf]xL s;};Fu af]Ng' kl/xfn] ;fptL u/]em}F v';'Ss eGbf /x]5g\ .
!%= r]GgO{
ef/tsf] tldngf8' /fHosf] /fhwfgL ;x/ r]GgO{ Ps ;'Gb/ ;x/dWo] Ps xf] .
of] ;x/ aËfnsf] vf8Ldf sf]/f]df08n lsgf/fdf kb{5 . tldngf8'sf cg]s ;x/dWo] of]
k'/fgf] ;x/sf] cf}Bf]lus, Jofkfl/s, ;fdl/s, wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts cflb cg]s lx;fan]
7"nf] dxŒj 5 . o; ;x/nfO{ klxn] db|f; elgGYof] . o;nfO{ c6f]df]afOnsf]
;x/, c:ktfnx¿sf] ;x/ / ef/tsf] ;f+:s[lts /fhwfgL cflb elgG5 . oxfFsf] cfafbL Ps
s/f]8 aL; nfveGbf a9L 5 . of] ;x/ $@^ ju{ lsnf]ld6/df km}lnPsf] 5 .
r]GgO{ ;x/ hg;ª\Vof tyf Ô]qkmn b'j} lx;fan] tldngf8'sf] d'Vo ;x/ xf] .
hg;ª\Vofsf lx;fan] r]GgO{ ef/tsf] 5}6f}F 7"nf] ;x/ xf] . / dxfgu/ lgudsf
lx;fan] ef/tsf] rf}yf] 7"nf] gu/ lgud xf] . ljZjdf nG8gkl5 ;a}eGbf klxn]
dxfgu/ 3f]lift ePsf] ;x/ klg oxL xf] . r]GgO{nfO{ !*^^ df dxfgu/ 3f]lift
ul/Psf] lyof] .
cg]sf}F ztfAbL;Dd r]GgO{ rf]n, kf08\o, kNnj, ljhogu/ cflb /fhj+zåf/f
zfl;t /àf] . klxn] of] :yfg ;d'b|lsgf/sf] d5'jf/] a:g] ;fgf] ufpF lyof] M
db|f;k6\l6gd\ . a]nfotLx¿n] of] ufpF bdnf{ rGgk gfos gfdsf zf;saf6 vl/b u/] .
la|l6;x¿n] o;nfO{ aGb/ufxsf] ¿kdf ljsf; u/] . a]nfotLx¿n] cfˆgf] klxnf] lsNnf
;]G6 hf]h{ kmf]6{ oxLF lgdf{0f u/] . !&$^ df 5f]6f] ;dofjlwsf nflu
k|m]Grx¿n] sAhfdf lnPsf lyP . t'?Gt} g} ;f] :yfg k'gM O:6 OlG8of sDkgLn] lht]/
lnof] . !((^ df o;sf] gfd db|f;af6 abn]/ r]GgO{ /flvPsf] xf] . ;g\ @)!( df ljZjsf
;a}eGbf a9L ko{6s cfpg] ;x/dWo] r]GgO{ #^cf}F :yfgdf /x]sf] lyof] .
g];gn Hof]u|flkmssf] cWoogn] ljZjsf b; vfB ;x/dWo] oxL Psdfq Pl;ofnL
;x/ 5fg]sf] lyof] . nf]gnL Knfg]6n] ljZjsf ;jf]{Qd ( ;x/dWo] o;}nfO{ 5fg]sf]
lyof] . ef/tsf ;jf/L ;fwg pBf]udWo] Ps ltxfO{ pTkfbg o;} ;x/df x'G5 . o;}u/L
;ËLt–snf;flxTosf] lx;fan] of] ;x/ ef/tsf] ;jf{Ts[Ó ;x/ dflgG5 .
!= dl/gf lar M of] r]GgO{sf] ;a}eGbf ;'Gb/ :yfg xf] . of] lar ;]G6 hh{
lsNnfsf glhs} 5 . o;sf] nDafO !# lsnf]ld6/ 5 . ef/tsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] /
nfdf] ;fy} / ljZjsf] bf];|f] nfdf] lar klg xf] of] . oxfF cfpg] ko{6s o; lardf
;fF´sf] ;do cf/fd;Fu latfpg dg k/fpF5g\ . oxfF /dfOnf] ug]{, vfg]lkg]sf cg]s
yf]s pknAw 5g\ .
@= r]GgO{sf wfld{s If]qx¿ M r]GgO{df ljZjsf ;a} k|d'v wd{sf kljq tyf
k/dk"Ho :ynx¿ 5g\ hxfF k|ltlbg xhf/f}F >4fn' eÏhgx¿ cfO{ ehgsLt{g,
k"hfcf/fwgf, k|fy{gf cflb u5{g\ . d'Vo wfld{s k|lti7fgx¿ M
s= skfn]Zj/ dlGb/, of] dfOnfk'/df 5 .
v= cÓnIdL dlGb/
u= O:sf]g dlGb/
3= yfph]G8 nfO6 dl:hb ª= ;]G6 yf]d; afl;lnsf .
#= blIf0ff lrq M of] r]GgO{sf] Ps cè't :yfg xf] . of] cf]kg Po/ PG8
l/on 6fOd Do'lhod xf] . Do'lhodsf ;fy;fy} of] Ps ;f+:s[lts s]Gb| klg xf] . oxfF
blÔ0f ef/tLo ;dfhsf] snf, hLjgz}nL / k/Dk/f hLjGt ¿kdf b]vfOG5 . oxfF k|bz{gL,
ufO8]8 6'/, js{ ;k cflbå/f ko{6ssf] hfgsf/L a9fOG5 .
$= cl/Ug/ cGgf h'cf]nf]lhsn kfs{ M r]GgO{ ;x/af6 nueu #@ lsnf]ld6/
k/sf] of] kfs{ Psbd nf]slk|o 5 . !@^) Ps8df km}lnPsf] of] lrl8ofvfgf cfˆg}
lsl;dsf] blÔ0fk"j{ Pl;ofsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] lrl8ofvfgf xf] .
%= /ª\ugfyg\ l:6«6 M of] uNnL r]GgO{sf] lsnd]nsf] d'Vo s]Gb| dflgG5 .
o; uNnLnfO{ ljZjs} Ps Jo:t ;8sdWo] Ps dflgG5 . oxfF x/]s lbg xhf/f}F ko{6s
cfpF5g\ / sk8f, u/uxgf / vfglkgsf ;fdfg lsG5g\ .
^= ;/sf/L ;ª\u|xfno M nueu !& Ps8df km}lnPsf] of] ljzfn Do'lhod
ko{6sx¿sf aLr Ps nf]slk|o :yfg xf] . of] ef/tsf] bf];|f] ;a}eGbf k'/fgf]
Do'lhod xf] . o;nfO{ db|f; Do'lhod of ;]G6«n Do'lhod eg]/ klg hflgG5 . oxfF
t]Ghf}/ k]lG6ª Uofn/L, 8]sf]/]l6e cf6{ Uofn/L, ef/tLo k/Dk/fut snf sÔ / /lj
jdf{ k]lG6ª Uofn/L klg b]Vg kfOG5 . afnaflnsfsf nflu u'l8of Uofn/L, ;fOG;
Uofn/L / 6]Sgf]nhL Uofn/L klg 5g\ .
o; Do'lhodleq kmf]6f] lvRg kfOG5, lgif]w 5}g . of] ;ª\u|xfno z'qmjf/
tyf ;/sf/L labfsf lbgdf aGb /xG5 .
&= db|f; qmf]sf]8fOn a}ª\s M r]GgO{sf] of] qmf]sf]8fOn a}Í hLjhGt'
tyf k|s[ltk|]dLx¿sf nflu Ps ljlzÓ :yfg xf] . oxfF ;q k|hfltsf uf]xLx¿ b]Vg
kfOG5 . ;fy} oxfF Eofu'tf, ;k{, leQL, 5]kf/f cflbsf cg]s k|hfltsf] klg cjnf]sg
ug{ kfOG5 . oxfF ufO8sf] klg ;'ljwf 5 . laxfg gf} ah]b]lv of] :yfg a]n'sf %M#)
ah];Dd v'nf /xG5 . of] :yfg x/]s ;f]daf/ aGb x'G5 .
*= r]GgO{ /]n Do'lhod M ;g\ @))@ df :yflkt of] /]n Do'lhod /]nj]
k|]dLsf nflu Ps vf; 7fpF xf] . of] :yfg r]GgO{sf] Ps cfsif{0f klg xf] of]
Do'lhod . oxfF l:6d OlGhg, l8h]n OlGhg / la|l6; sfnsf] b'O{tn] sf]r klg b]Vg kfOg]5
. dxfTdf ufGwL r9]sf] 6«]g klg oxfF b]vfOG5 . of] Do'lhod ;f]djf/ aGb x'G5 / c¿
lbg !) ah]b]lv ^ ah];Dd v'nf /xG5 .
(= luG8L g];gn kfs{ M ;g\ !(&) df :yflkt of] ;'Gb/ /flÓ«o pBfg
r]GgO{ /fhejgsf] glhs} 5 . of] nueu @&) Ps8 hldgdf km}lnPsf] 5 . of] kfs{
ko{6ssf nflu laxfg ( ah]b]lv ;fF´ % ah];Dd v'nf /xG5 . x/]s dËnjf/ of] aGb /xG5
.
!)= jn'jf/ sf]§d M /y´}F b]lvg] of] k|Voft slj Pjd\ ;Gt lt?jNn'j/df
;dlk{t P]ltxfl;s :df/s xf] . of] :df/s nueu !)) lkm6 cUnf] 5 . o;sf] e'OFtnfdf
k|Voft u|Gy lt?s'?/sf !## v08 b]Vg ;lsG5 . ;fy;fy} lt?jNn'j/sf] k|ltdf klg b]Vg
;lsG5 . ko{6sn] oxfFsf leQfx¿df kf}/fl0fs syf tyf j[Qlrq b]Vg ;Ï5g\ .
!!= ;]G6 hh{ lsNnf M of] lsNnf la|l6;x¿n] agfPsf x'g\ . ;Fu} ;]G6 d]l/h
rr{ klg 5 . oxfFsf] Do'lhod x]g'{ dxŒjk"0f{ 5 .
!@= k'hn tfn M /]8lxn a; :6]G8g]/ 5 . oxfF Eo" KjfOG6 klg 5 .
!#= sf]jnd\ larM of] :yfg qmf]dk]6af6 #@ lsld / dxfanLk'/d\af6 @) lsld
k5{ .
!$= g];gn l/kf]lh6/L nfOa|]/L M cToGt 7"nf] / dxŒjsf] . o;sf gofF
v08 / k'/fgf] v08 u/L b'O{ efu 5g\ . k'/fgf] v08sf] dd{tsfo{ k"/f eO{ xfdL
uPsf] a]nf k'gM rfn' xf]nf .
!%= AIADMK M ko{6ssf
nflu :yfgLo /fhgLlt;Fu s] lng'lbg' x'G5 / < t/ klg PcfO{P8LPds] kf6©sf]
s]Gb|Lo sfof{no x]g{ nfos 5 . blÔ0f ef/t cfh h] 5 o;sf nflu o; kf6©sf] klg
7"nf] e"ldsf 5 . o;}u/L oxfFsf PdhLcf/ / honlntf :d[lt ejg hfg}k5{ .
of] :yfg dl/gf larg]/ 5 .
!^= ljj]sfgGb ejg M ha :jfdL ljj]sfgGb ljZj wd{ ;+;b\af6 kms{g'eof], o;
:yfgdf nfdf] ;do;Dd /xg'eof] . o;}sf/0f o; ejgsf] gfd ljj]sfgGb xfp; /xguPsf]
xf] . oxfFsf lrqsf/L cToGt nf]enfUbf 5g\ .
gf]e]Da/ ^, @)@#, gjdL ltly .
r]Gg}, sf]of;
r]ª\ufnk6\6"sf b'O{ /ft ;'vdo lat] . oxfF vfglkg klg /fd|f] kfOof]
. laxfg–a]n'sf lrof vfg] 7fpF klg glhs} lyof] . glhs} a; l8kf] / /]nj] :6];g
klg ePsfn] u0f]z ejgsf] jf; ;'vb / ;xh eof] .
xfdL laxfg l56} p7\of}F . 5 ah]sf] 6«]g kqmL xfdL r]GgO{ hfg] ePsf
lyof}F .
6«]g ;dod} lxF8\of] . s]xL ;dokl5 yfxf kfof}F, xfdL e"njz unt
l8Aafdf r9]5f}F . s]xL k/ k'u]kl5 k'gM ;xL l8Aafdf r9\of}F .
xfdL r]GgO{ kfs{ :6];g k'Ubf ;f9] cf7 hlt ah]sf] lyof] . ;j{k|yd xfdLn]
ptf PdhLcf/ ;]G6«n /]nj] :6];gdf lxF8\b} uP/ Snf]s xfp;df cfkm\gf kf]sfk'Gt'/f /fVof}F,
tf ls Toltv]/ xf]6n vf]Hgdf ;do vr{ ug{ gk/f];\ / ljgfsfd Ps lbgsf] ef8f
ltg'{gk/f];\ .
;fdfg yGSofPkl5 xfdL km';{t eof}F . :6];gcufl8sf] a; :6]G8df ds} pl;g]/
a]lr/x]sf lyP, xfdLleqsf] ef]s lapFlemof] . xfdLn] rf/ 3f]uf ds} lsg]/ Ps–Ps
3f]uf] afF8L vfof}F . olt vfPkl5 ca afx| ah];Dd l6Sg ;SYof}F . ;xh} kfOg]
vfg]s'/f 5f8]/ csf{] vfgf vf]Hgdf Hofbf ;do lsg gi6 ug'{ / <
s]xLa]/ xfdLn] r]GgO{sf] /]nj] :6];gsf] eL8ef8, bf}8w'k / lemlnldnL
x]/]/ latfof}F . k'gM ofqf ;'? eOxfNof] . ;j{k|yd xfdL a; r9]/ dfOnfk'/sf] skfn]Zj/
dxfb]j dlGb/df k'Uof}F .
skfn]Zj/ dlGb/ M k'/f0fx¿sf cg';f/ kfj{tLn] lzjhLnfO{ kf]yL
do"/sf] ¿k lnO{ k"hfcr{gf ul/g\ . tldn efiffdf do"/LnfO{ dflon
elgG5 . kl5 oxfF a:tLsf] ljsf; eof] . dflg;x¿n] o; :yfgnfO{ dflonfk'/ eGg yfn]
. oxfFsf lzjhLnfO{ skfnLZj/ elgof] / lzjhLnfO{ lnª\u¿kdf k'Hg yflnof] .
kfj{tLnfO{ rflxF sk{uDan eg]/ k'lhg yflnof] . sk{uDansf] cy{ sNkj[If x'G5 .
;ftf}F ztfAbLsf tldn ;Gt sljx¿nfO{ gogf/ elgGYof] . oL ;Gt sljx¿n] skfnLZj/
dxfb]jnfO{ cfkm\gf elStsfJodf ‘kfbnk]q :ynd\’ eg]/ ufog u/]sf 5g\ . skfn zAbsf]
cy{ 6fpsf] eGg] x'G5 . lz/sf O{Zj/sf] ¿kdf dx]Zj/nfO{ oxfF k'lhg] ul/Psf] xf] .
dlGb/ kl/;/df cg]s b]jLb]jtfsf dlGb/ 5g\ . tLdWo] skfnLZj/ / sk{uDan
d'Vo x'g\ . kl/;/df cg]s sIfx¿ 5g\ . o; dlGb/df laxfg ;f9] kfFrb]lv a]n'sf b;
ah];Dddf lbgsf] 5j6f cnu–cnu k"hf–cr{gf ljlw 5g\ . jif{df rf/j6f ljz]if
pT;j dgfOG5 .
tldn kfqf]cg';f/ kª\u'gL dlxgfdf a|x\df]T;j ul/G5 / a|x\df]T;jsf]
pknIodf c?kltd"j/ kj{ klg dgfOG5 . oxfF a|x\df]T;j g} ;a}eGbf 7"nf]
pT;j xf] .
syfcg';f/ PskN6 s}nfzkj{tdf a|x\df / lzjsf] e]6 eof] . a|x\dfn]
lzjhLnfO{ k|s6 ug'{kg{] >4f / dof{bf k|s6 u/]gg\ . lzjhLn] l/;fP/ a|x\dfsf
kfFr lz/dWo] Ps lz/ pv]lnlbg'eof] . Ps lz/ -skfn_ u'dfPkl5 a|x\dfn] k|folZrQ
ub{} lzjhLnfO{ k|;Gg ug{sf nflu d}nfk'/df cfO{ lzjlnª\usf] :yfkgf ug'{eof] . o;
:yfgsf cg]s gfd 5g\ . s}nfO{ d}nfO{ jf d}nfO{ s}nfO{, z'qmk'/L, j]bk'/L cflb .
s}nfO{ d}nfO{sf] cy{ d}nfk'/ g} s}nfz xf] eGg] x'G5 .
PskN6 kfj{tLn] s'g} >fksf sf/0f do"/L ¿k wf/0f ug'{eof] .
cfkm\gf] k"j{¿kdf kms{gsf nflu pxfFn] 7"nf] k|folZrQ ug'{eof] . o;}
:yfgdf kfj{tLk'q d'?ugn] Ps /fIf;nfO{ gfz ug{sf nflu dftfaf6 Ps efnf k|fKt
u/]sf lyP .
o;} :yfgdf a|x\dfn] cfkm\gf] 3dG8 gfz xf];\ eGgsf nflu 3f]/ k|folZrQ
u/L ;[li6 ug{] cfkm\gf] u'd]sf] zlSt k'gM k|fKt ug{ tk:of ug'{eof] . rf/ j]bn]
klg oxfF lzjsf] cf/fwgf / k"hf u/]sf lyP . z'qmfrfo{n] oxfF lzjhLsf] Wofg
u/L cfkm\gf] u'd]sf] b[li6 k'gM k|fKt u/] . o;} :yndf >L/fdn] /fj0fsf] gfz
ug{sf nflu lzjhLsf] k"hf ug'{eof] .
lzjg]; r]Tof/ cl/ud k'Dkj}nfO{ ha gfun] 8:of], pgsf 5f]/Lx¿n] lzjsf]
k|fy{gf u/] . gogf/ ;Gt ;DaGw/sf] zlStn] pgn] k'ghL{jg kfP . o;} u/L jlnof/
gfdsf gogf/ ;Gtn] oxLF df]If kfP . lt?Ss'/}sf n]vs lt?jNn'jf/sf] hGd o;} :yndf
ePsf] lyof] .
O;fsf] ;ftf} ztfAbLdf kNnj /fhfx¿n] of] dlGb/ agfPsf x'g\ eGg] ljZjf;
ul/G5 . o;} ;dosf gogf/ ;Gtx¿n] o; dlGb/sf] dlxdf ufPsf 5g\ . ;d'b|sf] lsgf/df
of] dlGb/ /x]sf] klg pgLx¿n] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . dlGb/leq kfOPsf lznfn]vrflxF
afx|f}F ztfAbLsf x'g\ . dlGb/sf] klZrdL uf]k'/d\ !@) lkm6 cUnf] 5 . of]rflxF
!()^ df agfOPsf] xf] . k"jL{ uf]k'/d\rflxF $) lkm6 dfq cUnf] 5 . klZrdL
uf]k'/d\af6 dlGb/sf] kf]v/Ldf k'Ug ;lsG5 .
dlGb/ kl/;/sf ljleGg b]jtfsf dlGb/cufl8 ;fF9], gGbL, afv|f], do"/,
;'uf, d';f cflb jfxg 5g\ . dlGb/ kl/;/sf] ljzfn /yrflxF cfw'lgs xf] .
d}nfk'/sf ;Kt:yn lzjdlGb/x¿ M
!= s/0fLZj/ dlGb/
@= tLy{kfnLZj/ dlGb/
#= j]NnLZj/ dlGb/
$= lj¿kfIfLZj/ dlGb/
%= jnLZj/ dlGb/
^= dfNnLZj/ dlGb/
&= skfnLZj/ dlGb/ .
oLafx]s glhs}sf] PsDa/]Zj/–jNn'jf/ dlGb/nfO{ klg oL ;Kt:yn dlGb/x¿;Fu}
u0fgf ul/G5 .
dlGb/sf] klZrdk6\l6 t]Kkfs'nd\ cyf{t\ kf]v/L 5 . of] !() ld6/ nfdf] /
!$# ld6/ rf}8f 5 . kf]v/Lsf] jl/kl/ @!%) ld6/ nDafOsf] k}bn ky 5 . kf]v/Ldf !!(
xhf/ 3gld6/ kfgL c6fpg] Ifdtf 5 / of] jif{el/ slxNo} klg ;'St}g .
kf]v/Lsf] aLrdf u|]gfO6 kTy/sf] 5fgf] ePsf] ;f]x| :tDejfnf d08k 5 .
lqlbj;Lo a|x\df]T;jdf skfnLZj/ / cGo b]jLb]jtfnfO{ 8'ª\ufdf r9fO{ hnljxf/
u/fOG5 / o; d08ksf] jl/kl/ 3'dfOG5 . o; d08ksf] ljz]if dxŒj o;} ;dodf x'G5 .
lgs} 7"nf], eJo, ;kmf / cfsif{s /x]5 of] dlGb/ . ef/tLo k'/ftŒj
ljefusf] ;+/IfsTj kfPsf] o; dlGb/sf] ljz]iftf ;x/sf] eL8ef8o'St ;fFu'/f] v08df
eP klg dlGb/ km/flsnf] / ;kmf 5 . bz{gfyL{x¿sf] eL8 klg plt;f/f] b]lvPg .
xfdLn] ;xh} ToxfFsf] k"hfcfhf / cf/fwgfdf ;xefuL x'g kfof}F . dlGb/leqsf]
zflGt, cfWoflTds jftfj/0f nf]enfUbf] /x]5 . v'a} cfgGb cg'e"lt x'G5 oxfF .
aflx/ lg:s]/ kmf]6f] lvRof}F . dlGb/cufl8sf] ljzfn kf]v/L olt
7"nf] eP/ klg ;kmf, Jojl:yt / cfsif{s kfl/Psf] 5 . s'g} klg s'gfdf dflg;sf]
;Lk / d]xgt k'Ug afFsL b]lvPg .
To;kl5 kf]v/Lsf] klZrdL v08af6 pQ/lt/ nfUof}F . of] af6f] eL8ef8o'St /
c;lhnf] /x]5 . xfdL d}nfk'/sf] ;fO{afaf dlGb/df k'Uof}F t/ xfdL k'Ubf dlGb/ aGb
eO;s]sf] / a]n'sf $ ah]dfq v'Ng] hfgsf/L k|fKt eof] . clg xfdL glhs}sf s]xL
;fgfltgf dlGb/ / Jofkfl/s k|lti7fgx¿sf ejg x]b{{} k'gM d'Vo ;8sdf cfOk'Uof}F .
oxfFaf6 ca a];G6 lar hfg' lyof] .
c6f]df larlt/ nfUof}F .
æoxfFaf6 lxF8\b} hfgf];\ .Æ c6f]jfnfn] xfdLnfO{ ptf/]/ eGof] .
æstfaf6 hfg] lg <Æ d}n] eg]F .
æot}ot} .Æ p;n] pQ/tkm{sf] km/flsnf] af6f] b]vfof] . oqf] /fhdfu{ 5 .
ca pQ/ uP/ sxfF k'lug] xf], lar hfg t k"j{ hfg'kg{] lyof], of] pQ/ kf] hf
eGb} lyof] . xfd|f] cndn b]v]/ glhs} plePsf] k'ln;n] klg pQ/lt/} O;f/f u¥of] .
glhs} ;8ssf] afofF lsgf/df ljzfn rr{ /x]5 M æcGg} j]nfGsfGgL ;|fOgÆ .
ljzfn, ;kmf, zfGt / ;'Gb/ . rr{aflx/ s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lvr]/ kfs{h:tf]
xl/ofnLk"0f{ / km"naf/Lo'St ;8ssf] lsgf/}lsgf/ s]xL sbd cl3 a9\of}F .
Pp6f kfs{h:tf] 7fpF cfof] / ptf ;8skfl/ k/ ;d'b|lsgf/ b]lvof] . k/ gLnf] ;d'b|
zfGt b]lvof] . ;8sdf df]6/ / df]6/;fOsn olt hf]8n] x'OFlsGy] ls ;8s kf/ ug{ g}
8/ nfUYof] . ;8s kf/ u/]/ kfs{ kf/ u¥of}F . ;d'b|lsgf/ k'Ug ;fgf] u]6af6
hfg'kg{] /x]5 . xfdL afn'
a];G6 lar cToGt ;'Gb/ /x]5 . xfdL lgs}a]/ ;d'b|lsgf/sf] kfgL / afn'jfdf
/dfof}F . oxfFrflxF d}n] n'uf kmfn]/ kfgLdf cfkm\gf] z/L/ x'Tofpg kfOgF . ;Ltf
a]n}b]lv ;ts{ lyOg\ . pgn] d]/f] ‘b':;fx;’df lgb{oL /f]s nufOg\ . d}n] ca pkfo
nfUb}g eGg] dx;'; ePkl5 s'g} k|oTg klg ul/gF .
kfgLdf lgs}a]/ v]Nof}F . s]xL :yfgLo;Fu ukmufkm klg u¥of}F . o'j/fh
bfh' / efph" v'a} /dfpg'eof] oxfF klg . ;Ltfsf] t s'/} gu/f}F, d kfgLdf
gk;]sfn] pgdf pT;fx / cfF6 b'u'gf ePsf] lyof] . pgL k/k/;Dd /dfP/ kl:yg\ .
5fnsf] kfgLn] sk8f lehfP/ pgL lgy|'Ss lyOg\ t/ pgnfO{ o:tf s'/fn] cfgGb dfGgaf6
/f]Sg ;s]g . hLjge/ a6'n]sf ;f/f afWotf, /x/, 8/, rfxgf r6Ss e'n]/ pgL
xif{ljef]/ eO{ 5fn;Fu /dfO/x]sL lyOg\ . pgL oxfF cfP/ aNn jt{dfgdf afFr]sL
lyOg\ .
otf d]/f] dg lvl;|Ss lyof] . c¿ dflg;x¿ kfgLdf xfDkmfn]/ v'a /dfOnf]
ul//x]sf lyP, cfkm"rflxF d'v ld7\ofP/ lrQ a'emfpg] cj:yfdf lyPF . /x/
ck"/f], OR5f cw'/f], dg vNnf] / duh vfnL eof] .
s'g} n]vsn] eg]sf] ;Dem]F– æxª\u/ Oh a]6/ b\ofg km'nlkmnd]G6 .Æ cyf{t\
c3fpg'eGbf ef]s g} /fd|f] . xf] klg, ef]sn] sNkgfsf nflu 7fpF lbG5 . ef]sn]
k|oTgnfO{ ;fy lbG5 . ef]sn] OR5fx¿nfO{ arfpF5 . ef]s g} dfgj ;Eotfsf] d"n
xf] . ha ;a} OR5f k"/f x'G5g\, dflg;sf] l;Sg], cWoog, cg';Gwfg / cfljisf/
ug{] hfFu/ ;]nfpF5 . lhpg] Wo]o db{5, s]sf nflu afFrf];\ pm <
5fnx¿ emg\emg\ pln{P/ / x'l/{P/ lsgf/f;Dd cfpFy] . lsgf/fsf] pk/L
v08;Dd cfpg g;sL tL lg/fz eO{ kms{Gy] . cw'/f] ;kgf 5fnx¿sf] . ct[Kt ef]s 5fnx¿sf]
. ToxL ct[Kttfn], ToxL ef]sn] tL k'gM csf{] 5fn ag]/ cem a9L ;fdYo{sf ;fy
lsgf/fdf em8\sf lbg egL cfpFy] . Pp6f 5fn kms{Fbf csf{] 5fn cfpFb} 5 eg] cfk;df
h'w]/ af6}df ltgsf] d[To' x'GYof] . 5fnx¿ cfk;df h'w]sf] g/fd|f] . ef]sx¿sf]
cfk;L åGå g/fd|f] . Pp6f ef]sn] csf{] ef]snfO{ hGdfcf];\ . Tof] /fd|f] . To;
ef]sn] ;kmntf k|fKt ug{ ;S5 .
ef]s g} hLljttfsf] k|df0f xf] . hLjgnfO{ ef]sn] lbzflgb{]z ub{5 .
ca oxLF /dfO/xg ldNb}gYof] . r]GgO{df w]/}yf]s x]g'{ 5, w]/}lt/ 3'Dg' 5
. ;dorflxF yf]/} 5 .
xfdL o;kl5 ci6nIdL dlGb/lt/ nfUof}F . unt af6flt/ nfu]/ lgs} k/
k'luxfn]5f}F . efiffsf] sl7gfO ePkl5 o:t} x'g] xf] . k'gM kmsL{ dlGb/df k:of}F
. oxfF klg dlGb/ aGb x'g nfu]sf] ;do k/]5 . xtf/xtf/ k:of}F . bz{g u¥of}F / lkm¥of}F
.
7Ls;Fu bz{g ug{ kfOof] . eL8 klg lyPg . t/ dlGb/sf] 9f]sfdf dfUg]x¿n]
x}/fg nufP . tldngf8'sf] ;a}eGbf s'¿k kIf log} levf/L x'g\ . ;f/} l3g nfU5
dnfO{ o:tf] b]Vtf .
o;kl5 xfdL /]nj] :6];gdf kmSof{}F .
;Ltfn] PskN6 dnfO{ ;f]lwg\– æbfh'nfO{ s] ePsf] 5 < Tolt v';L
b]lvg'x'Gg . o:tf 7fpFdf t pxfF v'a} /dfpg] dfG5] .Æ
club]lv g} d}n] ljrf/ ul//x]sf] lyPF, bfh' a]nfa]nf cFWof/f] cg'xf/
kfl//xg'ePsf] lyof] .
ædnfO{ ;Grf] ePg . v} Psbd b'Vt} 5 k]6 klg .Æ o'j/fh bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
pxfFx¿nfO{ :6];gd} 5f8]/ d sf]7fsf] aGbf]a:t ug{ lxF8]F .
Ps}l5gdf d kmsL{ cfPF . /]nj] :6];g;Fu} hf]l8Psf] Pp6f ;–;fgf] xf]6ndf
sf]7f ldn]sf] lyof] . sf]7f ;lhn} x'g\, ;:tf klg .
æsf]7f ldNof] . ca emf]nf af]s]/ hfcf}F . glhs} 5 .Æ d}n] eg]F .
clg xfdL emf]nfem\ofD6f af]s]/ sf]7flt/ nfUof}F .
æd vfgf vfGgF . o;f] kmnkm"n vfg kfP x'GYof] . 8]Gh/ tl/sfn]
8fOl/of eO/x]sf] 5 .Æ a]n'sf bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
æsltk6s uof] lg <Æ d}n] 8fol/of sltk6s uPsf] eg]/ ;f]w]F .
æuof] lg tLgrf/ k6s .Æ bfh'n] d':sfpg sf]l;; ub{} eGg'eof] .
d kmnkm"n vf]Hg lg:s]F . glhs} kmnkm"n kfOg] /x]5 . lnP/ cfPF
clg kfgL klg lbPF . xfdL tLghgf rflxF e'OFtnfsf] /]:6'/fFdf vfgf vfg uof}F .
To; /ft æxf]6n sf]of;Æ df latfof}F .
gf]e]Da/ &, @)@# bzdL ltly,
;fwgf, /]lgu'G6f
bfh'nfO{ ;Grf] ePg . cfh dnfO{ st} 3'Dg hfg klg OR5f ePg . sxfF hfg]
< lsg hfg] < bfh'nfO{ 8fol/ofn] Psbd ;tfO/x\of] . /fte/ b'Mv eP5 .
efph" klg lgb|f gk'u]/ cfn;tfn; x'g'x'GYof] .
æcfh st} ghfg] . xf]6nd} a;f}F . cf/fd u/]/ . ef]ln a]n'sflt/sf] 6«]g 5
ptf lt?klt hfg] . Toltv]/ 7Ls eof] eg] hfg], geP c¿ Ps lbg ot} a:g] . s] 5 /
<Æ d}n] eg]F .
æwt\ Û dnfO{ s] ePsf] 5 / < s]xL ePsf] 5}g . 6Gg kfgL vfG5' clg hlt 8fol/of
eP klg s]xL x'Fb}g . a? hLjghn kfOG5 eg] vf]h]/ NofOlbg'xf];\ . d hLjghn / kfgL
vfG5', a:5' . tLg hgf 3'Dg hfg] . dl;t kmf]g 5Fb} 5, sl7g eOxfNof] eg] kmf]g u¿Fnf
g, s] ef] / <Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
xfdL dfg]gf}F . la/fdLnfO{ PSn} 5f8]/ stf hfg] < km]l/ bfh'n]
eGg'eof]– æcfh d vfgf vfG5' . c;lhnf] eof] eg] xf]6nsf] efOnfO{ eG5' .Æ
xf]6nsf] efO af]n}of / ;xof]uL lyof] . Tof] lxGbL klg a'em\Yof] .
dxf/fi6«sf] gfGb]8af6 cfPsf] /x]5 . p;n] eGof]– æd 5Fb} 5' lg . lbge/ xf]6nd}
x'G5' d . tkfO{Fx¿ dhfn] hfg'xf];\ . pxfFnfO{ h] ug'{k5{ d u5'{ .Æ
æa]nfa]nfdf tftf] kfgL lbg'xf];\ x} .Æ efph"n] eGg'eof] .
æeOxfN5 lg .Æ p;n] eGof] .
xfdL rf/} hgfn] ;Fu} a;]/ vfgf vfof}F . sf]7fdf Psl5g a;]kl5 cyf{t\ b;
aHg nfu]kl5 xfdL tLg hgf lg:Sof}F . bfh'nfO{ sf]7}df a:g eg]/ 5f]8]/ . d]/f
dflxnf efGhf l8NnL 5f]/fsf] pkrf/sf] l;lN;nfdf nfdf] ;do;Dd d};'/df x'g'x'GYof]
. xfdL d};'/ cfpg'cl3 pxfF lbNnL nfUg'ePsf] lyof] .
efGhfnfO{ kmf]g u/]F– æefGhf Û xfdL r]GgO{df 5f}F .Æ
ær]GgO{df < uHha Û r]GgO{sf] dl/gf lar h;/L eP klg hfg'xf]nf . Psbd
/fd|f] 5 . d klg k'u]sf] 5' . v'a dhf cfpF5 .Æ efGhfn] v';L eP/ eGg'eof] .
xfdL ;]G6«n /]nj] :6];gdf k'Uof}F . a; kqm]/ dl/gf lar uof}F .
efph", ;Ltf / ddfq . oxfF t lar k'Ug'cl3 g} ;'Gb/ kfs{ e]l6of] . s]xL kf]h
kmf]6f] lvr]kl5 dfq Tof] kfs{ 5f8\g ;lsof] . dl/gf larsf] au/ t ptf a];G6
lareGbf nfdf] / 7"nf] /x]5 .
dl/gf lar ;+;f/sf ;x/L lardWo] aª\unfb]zsf] sf]S;]h ahf/ larkl5sf]
nfdf] k|fs[lts lar xf] . of] pQ/df ;]G6 hh{ kmf]6{b]lv blIf0fdf kmf]/;f]/
O:6]6;Dd cjlR5Gg km}lnPsf] 5 . of] lar ;/b/df tLg ;o ld6/ rf}8f afn'jfsf]
au/o'St lar xf] . ;a}eGbf a9L rf}8fO ePsf] 7fpFdf of] lar $#& ld6/ rf}8f 5
. sfg'gL lx;fan] oxfF kf}8L v]Ng lgif]w 5 . lsgeg] lsgf/}b]lv oxfF kfgL ulx/f]
5 / cG8/s/]G6 Pjd\ 5fn klg 3fts 5g\ . dl/gf lardf 5'6\6Lsf lbgdf ;/b/ %) xhf/
dflg; cfpF5g\ eg] c¿ lbgdf ;/b/ #) xhf/ dflg; cfpg] u5{g\ . udL{sf] ;dodf eg]
lbgsf] kGw|b]lv aL; xhf/ dflg; dfq oxfF cfpF5g\ .
klxn] Hjf/ef6f / ;d'b|L 5fnn] lsgf/fsf v]tLnfO{ 7"nf] gf]S;fgL k'¥ofpFYof]
. db|f; aGb/ufx aGg'cl3 of] :yfg n]bf] ePsf] au/ dfq lyof] . a]nfotLx¿n] ha
oxfF aGb/ufx agfP, o;sf] :j¿kdf l56f]l56f] kl/jt{g eof], / cfhsf] ¿kdf
cfOk'Uof] .
r]GgO{sf k|d'v larx¿df OGgf]/, l5Ggs'Kkd\, cgf{p/s'Kkd\, ef/tLo gu/,
u|f]Og];, s]eLs] s'Kkd\, knu} tf]6\6Ls'Kkd\, lt?jf]lqo'/, dfs{]6 n]g, Pgkmf]/,
sf;Ld]b', dl/gf, ufGwL, k6\l6gfkSsd\, df;L, a];G6, P8jf8{ Olno6, lt?jlGdo'/,
lt/jNn'jf/gu/, cf=6L=cf]=, sf]6LjSsd\, knjsd\, gLnfª\u/} -An'_, ;f]gfnL,
j]6'jGs]gL cf]lne, O;Lcf/ uf]cf, cf]lne, eLhLkL uf]N8]g, uf]N8]g, afnf cflbtg,
cSs/}, sk/, O;Lcf/, sk/, kg}o'/, pldgf], ptG8L, h'x', d[b'nf, sgt'/, huGgfy,
k]lgG;'nf a'4, O;Lcf/ cf]lne, O;Lcf/ /s, sf]jnd\ lar cflb cg]sf} ;d'b|Llsgf/
kb{5g\ .
xfdL au/}au/ tftf] afn'jf 6]St} uof}F . ;Ltfn] elgg\– æo:tf] tftf] 5 .
ptfaf6 hfcf}F .Æ
æptf klg p:t} t xf] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
t/ ptf k;nx¿ ePsf] 7fpFdf k;n]x¿n] c:yfoL kfn 6fFu]/ clns eP klg zLtn
agfPsf /x]5g\ . xfdL lsgf/df k'Uof}F . lsgf/df dflg;x¿sf] eL8 lyPg . dWofGxsf]
;do x'g nfu]sfn] dflg;sf] eL8ef8 x'g] a]n} ePsf] lyPg . d}n] ;f]r]F e/] rf/
ah]b]lv ;ft–cf7 ah];Dd rflxF v'a} eL8 xF'bf] xf] .
xfdL kfgL;Dd uof}F . lgs} kf]h kmf]6f] / lel8of] lvRof}F . bfh' ;fydf
gePkl5 /dfOnf] t s] x'GYof] /, t/ klg /dfPsf] clego ug{ yflnxfNof}F . s]xLa]/df
;fFlRrs} /dfOnf] klg dfGof}F .
dflg;x¿ kfgL 5\ofkf5\ofk ub{} /dfO/x]sf lyP . 7"nf] 5fn x'l/{P/
cfpFYof] . dflg;x¿ sxflnGy] . 5fnn] pgLx¿nfO{ lxsf{pFYof] / ;Gt'i6 ePem}F u/L
Ps}l5gdf kms{GYof] . ;d'b|sf 5fnsf] yKk8 vfP/} xf] dflg;n] ;Eotfsf] lgdf{0f ug{
;s]sf] . hlthlt dflg; ;d'b|sf] lsgf/af6 6f9f k'U5, dflg; ;Eotf / ;+:s[lt 5f8\b}
hfG5 . ;Eotf / ;+:s[ltsf lx;fan] r]GgO{jf;Lx¿ s7f]/ b]lvP .
/ldt]x¿sf] eL8 a9\g yflnxfNof] . Ps}l5gdf lsgf/sf] au/ el/P/ cfof] .
;d"x–;d"xdf cfPsf dflg;x¿ ljz]if xf]xNnf / /dfOnf] uy{] . xfdLnfO{
klg g/dfOnf] ePsf] t xf]Og, t/ klg pgLx¿df em}F Tof] pdª\u, Tof] km'tL{ / Tof]
;fx;sf] xfdLdf sdL b]lvof] .
xfd|f] glhsd} tLgrf/f]6L o'jtLx¿sf] Pp6f ;fgf] 6f]nL lyof] . Pp6L
sfnLsfnL cToGt /fd|L sGof PSn} otfptf 8'ln/x]sL lyOg\ . pgn] ;]NkmL lng vf]Hbf
d}n] cª\u|]hLdf eg]F– ælsg ;]NkmL lng] < d ;a}vfn] kmf]6f] / lel8of]
lnOlbpFnf g ÛÆ
pgL v';L eOg\ . d}n] s]xL glhsaf6 / s]xL 6f9faf6 kmf]6f] lnOlbPF .
æca xfd|f] klg lvlrb]pm gfgL Û kfnfsf] k}Frf] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
pgn] xfd|f] kmf]6f] ;xif{ lvlrlbOg\ .
ægfd s] xf] lg <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
æk"hf ÛÆ d':sfpFb} pgn] elgg\ . slt ;'Gb/ d':sfg Û
ænf} Û xfd|L 7"nL 5f]/Lsf] gfd klg k"hf xf] . pm ;km\6j]/
OlGhlgo/ xf] .Æ d}n] v';L eP/ eg]F .
æxf] / < d klg ;km\6j]/ OlGhlgol/ª k9\b} 5' . clGtd ;]d]:6/ xf] .
r]GgO{df . clg xh'/x¿sL 5f]/LrflxF lg <Æ
æpm < p;n] t b'O{tLg jif{cl3 g} kl9;sL . sf]/f]gfsf] ns8fpgdf p;sf]
sGef]s];g lyof] . xfdL hfg kfPgf}F .Æ
æsxfFaf6 k9]sL lg <Æ
æptf cd]l/sfdf . elh{lgofsf] cf]N8 8f]ldlgog o'lgel;{6Laf6 .Æ clxn] pt}
sfd ub{} 5] . l;sfuf]df .Æ d}n] eg]F .
pgL v';L b]lvOg\ . pgn] ;Ltflt/ x]/]/ ;f]lwg\– æclg c¿ 5f]/f5f]/L <Æ
æxfd|f b'O{ 5f]/L . b'j} pt} 5g\ . o'P;Pdf . ;fgL jfl;ª6g 8L;Ldf 5] .
ljZja}ª\sdf sfd u5{] . 7"nLrflxF s'g sDkgLdf xf] d hflGbgF, l;sfuf]df a:5]
.Æ pgn] elgg\ .
ltgn] g]kfn / ef/tsf] ;f+:s[lts ;DaGw, k/Dk/f / lzIffaf/] ;f]wvf]h
ul/g\ . clg g]kfn hfFbf s;/L s]s] lnP/ hfg'k5{, slt vr{ nfU5 cflb ;f]lwg\ . xfdLn]
;xif{ ;a}yf]s ;s];Dd a'lemg] u/L atfof}F .
æs'g ljZjljBfnodf k9\5f} lg <Æ ;Ltfn] ;f]lwg\ .
ær]GgO{sf] lzj gb/ ljZjljBfnodf .Æ pgn] elgg\ .
æP xf] < xfdL ToxLF uPsf lyof}F lxhf] . ptf dxfanLk'/d\ x]g{ uPsf]
a]nf kms{Fbf . g'gvfgL x]g{ dg nfu]/ . t/ of] ;do avf{ /x]5 otf . g'g pTkfbg
aGb /x]5 . x]g{} kfOPg lg s]xL klg . clg r]ª\ufnk6\6' uof}F . jf; a:g .Æ
ær]ª\ufnk6\6' < lsg lg < ot} cfpg'ePsf] eP glhs} kYof{] lg t ÛÆ
æx'g t xf] t/ ptf sf~rLk'/d\af6 xfdL cfPsf . emf]nfem\ofD6f
r]ª\ufnk6\6'sf] Pp6f xf]6ndf /fv]sf lyof}F . ToxL eP/ .Æ
æPP . clg sf~rLk'/d\ slxn] cfpg'ePsf] lyof] lg <Æ
æxfdL lxF8]sf] cfh afO;f}F lbg eof] . cfh afO;f}F lbg g} xf] lg t x}g
<Æ pgnfO{ eGg'kg{] s'/fsf] cflwsfl/stfsf nflu d ;Ltflt/ kms{]F .
;Ltfn] elgg\– æcF, xf] . cfh afO;f}F lbg xf] . ca b; lbg afFsL 5 .Æ
æcfDdfdfdf ===. slt nfdf] ofqf <Æ ltgL 5Ss k/]sL lyOg\ .
æs]/nfsf] lt?jgGtk'/d\dfq k'luof] . s0ff{6s / cfGw|k|b]z clncln 3'Dg]
of]hgf 5 . tldngf8'sf w]/} 7fpF 3'Dg] dg eP/=== .Æ d}n] eg]F .
pgL PSn} ;d'b|lsgf/df axnfpg cfPsL /lx5g\ . o;kl5 pgn] xfdL;Fu labf
dflug\ . pgL uPsf] d}n] x]l//x]F . sfnLsfnL cToGt /fd|L, vfOnfUbL . x]bf{
cfzfjfbL, sNkgfzLn, ;kgfzLn . s;sL 5f]/L xf]lng\ . ltgsf afa'cfdf s] ubf{ x'g\
< 3/;Dd ;f]lwPg . sxfFsL x'g\ .
uOg\ . k/k/ k'u'Gh]n d]/f cfFvfn] ltgnfO{ ;k|]d k5\ofO/x] . 7\ofSs} xfd|L
5f]/Lh:t} .
clg c¿ Ps l5g xfdL tLg hgf ;d'b|lsgf/sf] To; ;'vb–rlst jftfj/0fdf
/dfO/x\of}F . dflg;x¿sf] eL8 aflSnFb} lyof] . a]n'sf x'Fb} uPkl5 oxfF eL8 a9\b}
hfg] xf] . ca aNn lrofrd]gf, df5f, lemFu] df5f, gl/jnsf] kfgL, zª\v, df]tLdfnf,
sk8f, h'QfrKkn / ;:tf u/uxgf a]Rg]x¿ dfly l8ndf k;n vf]Ng yfn] . xfdLrflxF ptf
bfh'nfO{ sf]7}df 5f8]/ otf cfPsfn] a]r}g lyof}F . cfOk'Ug'eGbf klxNo}b]lv d
a]nfa]nf kmf]g ul//xGy]F .
ædhfn] 3'd]/ cfpg" . d]/f] lkms/ lng'kb{}g . d 7Ls 5' . ;'wf/ 5 .Æ
pxfFsf] :j/ s8f lyof] .
o;kl5 xfdL kfy{;f/yL dlGb/ hfg tof/ k¥of}F . o; dlGb/sf] cf}krfl/s gfd
c?lNdu' >L kfy{;f/yL:jfdL k]?dn dlGb/ xf] . of] r]GgO{ ;x/sf] ;d'b|t6Lo a:tL
lt?jNnLs]gLdf 5 . dl/gf laraf6 of] k}bn b"/Ldf 5 t/ xfdL cNdlnP/ ptf a;
:6]G8lt/ nfu]5f}F, ca olt nfdf] af6f] s] lxF8\g' eGg] nfu]/ c6f] ;dfTof}F .
xfdL kfy{;f/yL dlGb/ klg aGb x'g'eGbf s]xL cl3 dfq k'u]5f}F . otfsf
;a}h;f] dlGb/ lbpF;f] Ps ah] aGb eO{ rf/ ah] v'Nbf /x]5g\ . ;Dej eP;Dd dlGb/sf]
bz{g laxfg of a]n'sf ug'{ 7Ls x'g] /x]5 . dlGb/x¿ k"j{ of blIf0f kms{g]
x'gfn] laxfgsf] 3fddf kmf]6f]x¿ PlG6nfO6 gkg{] x'G5 .
xfdLn] ;f9] rf/sf] 6«]g kqmg' lyof] . ctM tLg ah] sf]7fdf k'luxfNof}F .
t'?Gt emf]nf af]s]/ xfdL /]nj] :6];glt/ nfluxfNof}F .
!^= lt?klt afnfhL
/]lgu'G6f M xfdL /]lgu'G6fdf 6«]gaf6 cf]n{Fbf a]n'sfsf] cf7 ah]sf]
lyof] . ca /]lgu'G6fd} jf; a:g] ls lt?klt hfg] eGg] cndn eof] . d}n] t'?Gt
lg0f{o lnPF, lt?kltdf sf]7f ef8f dxFuf] k5{, oxLF a:g'k5{ . kl5 dx;'; eof] oxL
lg0f{o ;xL /x]5 . xfd|f] ofqfsf] t]O;f}F /ft /]lgu'G6fsf] ;fwgf xf]6ndf jf; a:of}F
.
gf]e]Da/ *, @)@# ;fwgf,
/]lgu'G6f
lt?dfnf lt?klt afnfhL eujfg\ >Llji0f'df ;dlk{t k|l;4 dlGb/ xf] . lt?klt
;x/ j}Í6]Zj/ :jfdL cyf{t\ lt?klt afnfhLsf gfdn] k|l;4 5 . lt?dfnfdf l:yt
a}Í6]Zj/ :jfdLsf] dlGb/ g} lt?klt afnfhL xf] . o; e"efusf] ;a}eGbf d'Vo
dlGb/ klg oxL xf] .
of] dlGb/ lt?klt /]nj] :6];gaf6 nueu kRrL; lsnf]ld6/sf] b"/Ldf 5 .
ljZjsf ;a}eGbf wgL dlGb/dWo] of] Ps xf] . k}bn hfg] ofq'x¿nfO{ lbJobz{g l6s6
lgMz'Ns k|fKt x'G5 . of] l6s6 cgnfOg tLg ;o ?lkofFsf] l6s6a/fa/ x'G5 .
>L a}Í6]Zj/sf] cyf{t\ lt?dfnf lt?klt afnfhL k|lt306f nueu rf/ xhf/
eQmn] bz{g kfpFb5g\ . Tolt nfdf] nfOg nfu]/ 306f}F kl5 aNn Psfw ;]s]G8sf nflu
dfq bz{g ug{ kfP klg dflg;n] c;Ld ;'v / zflGtsf] cg'e"lt ub{5g\ oxfF .
7Ls;Fu bz{g ug{ gkfOg] ePsfn] csf]{ b'?:t p:t} dlGb/ klg agfOPsf] 5 M gd'gf
cfnod\ . ¿k, cfsf/ / ultljlwdf b'?:t p:t} 5 of] klg dlGb/ . d"n dlGb/df
ultljlw 7Ls;Fu x]g{ gkfpg] / g;Sg]sf nflu dlGb/ ;ldltåf/f o:tf] Joj:yf ul/Psf]
xf] .
>La}Í6]Zj/sf] d"n dlGb/df leq sfnf] kTy/sf] cf7 lkm6 cUnf]
d"¨t 5 . o; dlGb/nfO{ eQmx¿ >La}Í6]Zj/:jfdL, lt?dfnf afnfhL, uf]ljGb,
>Llgjf;, :joDe"gfy cflb cg]s gfdn] lrGb5g\ . of] lji0f'k|ltdf s;n]
agfof], slxn] agfof] jf s;n] :yfkgf u¥of] eGg] af/]df :kÓ hfgsf/L s;}l;t 5}g .
t/ w]/}sf] s] ljZjf; 5 eg] of] o; ¿kdf :jod\ k|s6 ePsf] xf] . o;}sf/0f o;nfO{
:joDe" klg elgPsf] . >La}Í6]Zj/gfy:jfdLsf lrqx¿df Hofbft/ d"n
dlGb/s} k|ltdfnfO{ lrlqt ul/G5 . t/ oxfF oxL dfq :j¿k xf]Og . d'Vo k|ltdfsf
5]p5fpdf s}of}F k|ltdf 5g\ / x/]s k|ltdfsf cnu klxrfg, cnu cy{ / p2]Zo 5g\ .
pu|>Llgjf;n] eujfg\sf] j|m'4 :j¿knfO{ b;f{pFb5 . >LdnofKkf:jfdL :j¿ksf
b'j}tkm{ b]jLx¿ 5g\ M e"b]jL / >Lb]jL . k|ltlbg ul/g] k"hfsf nflu
ue{u[xaf6 aflx/ hfg] d"¨t oxL xf] . jflif{s dxfa|áf]T;jd\sf cj;/df zfgbf/
zf]efoft|fdf ;jf/L lgsflnG5 . k|ltdf ue{u[xsf xf]pmg\ ls aflx/sf, ltgdf
ax'd"No uxgfx¿ klx/fOG5 . zfgbf/ k/Dk/fut kf];fs klg nufOlbOG5 .
oxfF b'O{ ;oeGbf a9L k'hf/L /xG5g\ / ltgsf Ps d'Vo k'hf/L x'G5g\ .
k|To]s k'hf/Ln] k|frLg lxGb" zf:qx¿sf] ulx/f] cWoog ug'{kb{5 . o; cWoogdf
JolQmsf] jiff}{Fsf] tk:of vr{ x'G5 . a}Í6]Zj/ j]blj1fgkL7d\ klg plt 6f9f 5}g .
oxfFsf] kl/j]zn] j}lbs sfnsf] ;D´gf u/fpFb5 . of] ljBfkL7 rfnL; jif{hlt cl3
:yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . oxfF of] j]bljBf>d :yfkgfsf] p2]Zo dlGb/sf nflu pRr
Ôdtfsf ljåfg\ u'? kl08t k'hf/L pTkfbg ug'{ xf] . o;afx]s oxfF j}lbs k/Dk/f /
pRr u'¿k'/f]lxtx¿sf] pTkfbgsf nflu u'0ffTds lzÔf lbOG5 . oxfFaf6 pTkflbt s}of}F
ljBfy©n] >Lj}Í6]Zj/gfysf k'hf/L / dxfk'hf/Lsf] ¿kdf ;]jf u/]sf 5g\ .
j]blj1fgkL7d\n] eljiodf klg cg]s kl08t, k'hf/L / u'?k'/f]lxtx¿sf] pTkfbg ug]{5
.
oxfF k9fpg] tl/sf Psbd k|frLg k/Dk/fut 5 . ljBfy©x¿ xhf/f}F jif{ k'/fgf
;"q–dGqx¿ k9\b5g\ . b; jif{sf] pd]/b]lv g} j6'sx¿ ;d:t aflx/L b'lgofF
5f8]/ cWofTdbz{g, j]bj]bfGt, :d[lt / k'/f0fx¿ k9\g cfpFb5g\ . lt?dfnfdf lt?klt
afnfhLafx]s cGo y'k|} bz{gLo dlGb/ 5g\ . lt?kltsf] bz{gkl5 Ps} lbgdf tkfO{Fn]
oL ;a} dlGb/ 3'Dg ;Sg'x'g]5 .
oxfFaf6 nueu kfFr lsnf]ld6/sf] b"/Ldf 5, lqjf/L kfbfn' . ha
a}Í6]Zj/ :jfdL klxnf]k6s cfg'ePsf] lyof], pxfFsf r/0f klxnf] k6s k/]sf] 7fpFdf
r/0fsf lgzfg 5g\ . oL r/0fsf] bz{gfy{ xhf/f}F JolQm k|ltlbg k'Ub5g\ . o;
:yfgsf] jl/kl/ 3gf hËn 5 / o; hËndf rGbgj[Ô kfOG5 . :jfdLsf r/0f :yfg;Dd k'Ug
oxfFn] kxf8L l;F9L eP/ hfg'kg]{ x'G5 . ha kxf8sf] 6'Kkfdf r9]/ k'Ug'x'G5
tkfO{Fn] a}Í6]Zj/ :jfdLsf r/0flrâsf] bz{g ug{ kfpg'x'g]5 . of] tLy{:yn laxfg %
ah]b]lv ;fF´ ( ah];Dd v'nf /xG5 .
lt?dfnf lt?klt afnfhL dlGb/af6 nueu % lsnf]ld6/ b"/Ldf csf]{ :yfg
5M cfsfzuª\uf . cfsfzuËfdf Ps ´/gf 5, hxfF ;w}F lgd{n hn k|jflxt eO/xG5 .
cfsfzuËfdf axg] kfgL g} lt?dfnfsf dlGb/x¿df k|of]u ul/G5 . of] klg k|d'v
tLy{:yn ePsfn] k|ltlbg xhf/f}F tLy{ofqLx¿ k'Ub5g\ .
csf]{ tLy{:yn xf] M kfkljgfzgd\ . h'g tLy{ofqL tLyf{6g u/]/ sfofsNksf]
cg'ej ug{ rfxG5g\ tL oxfF cjZo cfpmg\ . s] ljZjf; ul/G5 eg] oxfF cfP/ :gfg ug]{
xf] eg] z/L/nfO{ dfq kljqtf k|fKt x'g] xf]Og, ;d:t kfkx¿ klg kvflnP/ hfG5g\ .
of] :yn k|fs[lts ef}uf]lns lx;fan] klg cToGt dgf]/d :ynsf] ¿kdf ulgG5 .
lznftf]/0fd\ M of] csf]{ hfg}kg]{ 7fpF xf] . afnfhL dlGb/af6 nueu b'O{
lsnf]ld6/sf] b"/Ldf l:yt of] tLy{:yfg cgf}7f] / /x:odoL cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb|
/lxcfPsf] 5 . ;+;f/sf tLg ljlrq r§fgL åf/dWo] Ps xf] of] . oL r§fgx¿
k|f]–SoflDa|og o'usf x'g\ . o;sf] dtna oL 9'Ëf !=% ca{ jif{ k'/fgf x'g\ . oxfF
cfpgsf nflu ;a}eGbf pko'Qm ;do ;"of]{bo / ;"of{:tsf] ;do xf] . o;
;dodf of] tf]/0f ;a}eGbf /x:odo nfUb5 .
lznftf]/0fd\g]/ Pp6f cToGt ;'Gb/ kfs{ agfOPsf] 5 . o;nfO{ lt?dfnf lt?klt
b]j:yfgD; >Llgjf; /s uf8]{G; elgG5 . To;f] t lt?dfnfdf cg]sf}F jfuau}Frf 5g\
t/ 6L6L b]j:yfgd\ pBfg ;a}eGbf cfsif{s 5 . /ªla/ªsf ;of}F lsl;dsf
km"nj[Ôx¿sf] ;'Gb/tfsf] g]qkfg ug{ oxfF k|ltlbg xhf/f}F dflg; cfpF5g\ .
lt?kltl:yt >L kßfjtL cDdfjf/L dlGb/ klg bz{gLo 5 . >L kßfjtL
cDdfjf/LnfO{ >L j}Í6]Zj/ lt?klt afnfhLsL kTgLsf] ¿kdf lrlgG5 . xfdLn] lt?klt
hfFbf klxn] log} kßfjtL cDdfjf/Lsf] bz{g ug'{k5{ clg dfq afnfhL bz{g ug'{k5{ .
kßfjtL dftfsf] dlGb/ k|fË0fdf cToGt ;'Gb/ tnfp 5 . of] :yfg lt?klt /]nj]
:6];gaf6 sl/a ;f9] tLg lsnf]ld6/ b"/Ldf 5 . dftf kßfjtLsf] bz{gsf nflu
laxfg % ah]b]lv a]n'sf gf} ah];Dd s'g} klg ;dodf hfg ;lsG5 .
csf]{ k|l;4 dlGb/ xf] >Luf]ljGbf/fhf:jfdL dlGb/ .
>Luf]ljGb/fhf:jfdLnfO{ j}Í6]Zj/:jfdLsf bfh' eg]/ lrlgG5 . of] dlGb/ afnfhL
dlGb/h:t} 5 . of] dlGb/ !!#) df ;Gt /fdfg'hfrfo{n] agfPsf x'g\ . o:t} u/L slkntLy{d\
oxfF k'u]sf] a]nf bz{g ug}{kg]{ dlGb/ xf] . of] lt?kltsf] Psdfq lzjdlGb/ xf] .
of] dlGb/ lt?klt /]nj] :6];gaf6 ;f9] tLg lsnf]ld6/dfq 5 . o; tLy{df Ps ´/gf
v:t5, h;n] tLy{sf] ;'Gb/tf yk]sf] 5 . of] cToGt k'/fgf] lzj dlGb/ xf] . oxfFsf]
lzjlnËnfO{ :joDe" dflgG5 . oxfFsf] ´/gfaf6 v;]sf] kfgLdf leHgfn] ;d:t
kfkx¿ gfz eP/ hfg] ljZjf; ul/G5 . eQmhgx¿ oxfFsf] ´/gfdf yflkO/x]sf] b]Vg ;lsG5
.
tfnfsf]gf ´/gf M of] :yfg lt?kltaf6 nueu krf; lsnf]ld6/ k/ 5 . a;df hfg
;lsG5 . of] ´/gf cfGw|k|b]zsf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] ´/gf klg xf] . ;dofefjsf sf/0f
xfdL oxfF hfg kfpFb}gf}F xf]nf . oxfFsf] kfgLdf cf}ifwLo u'0f x'G5 elgG5 . of]
cfGw|k|b]z ;/sf/åf/f ;+/lÔt jGohGt' cf/Ôsf] aLrdf 5 . oxfF k'Ug sDtLdf b'O{
lsnf]ld6/ k}bn ofqf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . k|ltlbg xhf/f}F ko{6s oxfF k'Ub5g\ .
lt?klt bz{g M bfh'nfO{ ;Grf] eO;s]sf] lyPg . 6«]gdf kvfnf eOxfn]df rkL{
5Fb} lyof], t/ otf a;df To:tf] x'g] s'/f ePg . xfdL cGof}nu|:t lyof}F . laxfg
bfh'nfO{ km]l/ la;Grf] eof] .
bfh'n] eGg'eof]– æd xf]6nd} a:5', tkfO{Fx¿ hfg'xf];\ .Æ
lt?kltsf] bz{gsf] s'/f, ;xh} 5fl8xfNg] s'/f] klg ePg . bfh'sf] cj:yf
;fdfGo lyof], hl6n lyPg . ;Ltf / d}n] ;Nnfx u¥of}F M xfdL b'O{ hfcf}F .
bfh'–efph" xf]6nd} /xg'eof] eg] pxfFx¿nfO{ sl7gfO x'g]5}g . olb
:jf:Yol:yltdf ;'wf/ eof] eg] a? ef]ln pxfFx¿ hfg'x'g]5 .
æo;f] u/f}F . xh'/x¿ b'O{ hgf sf]7fdf a:g'xf];\ . xfdL hfG5f}F .Æ
bfh'–efph"nfO{ d}n] eg]F .
æx}g, d]g'sf klg hfpmg\ .Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
xfdLn] /]lgu'G6f cfOk'Ug] a]nfdf d]/f] sflxFnf] efO d'/fl/sf ;;'/fa'af
o1 k/fh'nL -lgsf;L, cf;fd_;Fu s'/fsfgL u/]sf lyof}F . o'j/fh bfh' / ;;'/fa'af
;fyL ePsfn] pxfFx¿aLr lg/Gt/ ;Dks{ eO/xFbf] /x]5 . ;;'/fa'afx¿n] /dfOnf]df
clnslt hldg klg vl/b ug'{ePsf] x'gfn] klg To; ;DaGw / ;Dks{nfO{ yk dha't
agfPsf] /x]5 .
æHjfOF, xfdLnfO{ t c7f/ 306f nfu]sf] lyof] . a]n'sf nfOg nfUof}F .
/fte/ nfOgdf a:of}F . ef]lnkN6 P3f/ ah] kfnf] cfPsf] lyof] .Æ pxfFn]
kl/l:yltsf] cfFsng ub{} cfkm\gf] cg'ej ;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof] . o;f] ePsfn]
efph"n] la/fdL bfh' 5f8\g' 7Ls gx'g] / oltsf lbgkl5sf] df}sf xfdLn] TofUg
gx'g]df d :ki6 lyPF .
æo;f] gu/f}F bfh' . slt 306f nfUg] xf], rf}aL; 306f g} klg nfUg s] a]/
< ctM efph" ghfg' a]; . kl5 df}sf ldn] km]l/km]l/ cfOPnf . oxfF;Dd
cfOPs} 5 .Æ d}n] eg]F .
ækm]l/km]l/ oxfF cfpg Tolt ;lhnf] 5}g . cfh df}sf 5, hfpm .Æ bfh'n]
efph"nfO{ eGg'eof] .
t/ d ;xdt x'g ;lsgF . d}n] eg]F– æd]/f] s'/f ;'Gg'xf];\ . To;f] gu/f}F
. a? ef]ln cg's"n ePdf b'j}hgf hfg'xf]nf .Æ
æd hfg kfpF5' h:tf] 5}g efO, lognfO{ g/f]sf}F .Æ bfh'n] c8\8L lng'eof]
.
æx]gf{];\, tLy{ hfFbf >Ldfg\–>LdtLn] Ps;fy hfg] xf] . k'?if of
:qLn] PSn} tLyf{6g u/]sf] kmn ldNb}g eG5g\ zf:qx¿ . ctM o;k6s bfh'n]
efph"nfO{ gk7fpg'x'g d]/f] cfu|x .Æ d}n] zf:qx¿ hfGg] dfG5]sf] d'vaf6
;'g]sf] s'/f eg]F .
bfh' lrlGtt b]lvg'eof] . pxfFsf] :jf:Yodfq xf]Og, olt la/fgf] d'n'sdf
rf}aL;–kRrL; 306f PSn} a:g'k/]df x'g] lbSbf/L klg hf]l8P/ cfPsf] lyof] . pxfF
dlt/ x]l/ dfq /xg'eof] . efph"sf] dg klg hfg] vfnsf] b]lvPg .
efph"n] eGg'eof]– æb'O{rf/ 306fsf] s'/f ePsf] eP d hfGy]F . oxfF t
w]/} 306fsf] s'/f 5 . hfGgF .Æ
æxf] efph" . oxfFaf6 lt?klt ;x/ aL; lsnf]ld6/hlt 5 . ToxfFaf6 dfly
kxf8 r9\g'k5{ . a;df klg Ps 306feGbf a9L nfU5 . cft]hft] dfq sDtLdf 5 306f nfU5
. bz{g ug{ c7f/ 306f nfUof] eg] hDdfhDdL rf}aL;–kRrL; 306f ;do 5'6\ofpg}k5{ .
clxn] laxfgsf] 5 aHof], ef]ln ;ft ah]lt/ dfq cfOk'luG5 . tkfO{Fx¿ b'j} ;fydf
x'g'ePdf bz{g ug{ gkfpg'sf] kL8f klg ;femf x'G5 .Æ d}n] eg]F . cGTodf s'/f
ldNof] .
æx]gf{];\, h;n] lt?klt bz{g ug{ kfpF5 pm ;d:t kfkaf6 d'St x'G5 elgG5 . t/
s;}n] 3/af6 lt?kltsf] bz{gfy{ otf lxF8\g yfNof] t/ pm cfOk'u]g eg] klg pm d'St
x'G5 . h;n] oxfF cfpg] af/]df ;Nnfx u5{, cfpgsf nflu ;fyL vf]H5, vr{ h'6fpF5,
cfkm";Fu ePsf] b'O{rf/ k};f bz{gfyL{nfO{ lbP/ r9fpg eG5 jf otf cfpg]
OR5fn] ofqf ug{] af/]df s'g} lsl;dn] ;DalGwt x'G5 eg] Tof] klg d'St x'G5 . s'g}
tLyf{n'nfO{ lt?klt hfg eGof] eg], lt?klt lxF8]sf] dflg;nfO{ vfgf v'jfof] jf
af6fvr{ lbof] eg] jf cGo s'g} klg lsl;dn] d2t lbof] jf ;3fof] eg] Tof] klg d'St
x'G5 . olt elg;s]kl5 xh'/ t :jtM d'St x'g'ePg / < la/fdL k/]/ dfq hfg
gldn]sf] xf] . gq xfdL ;Dk"0f{ ¿kn] lt?klt bz{gsf] of]hgf lnP/ oxfF
cfOk'u]sf xf}F .Æ d}n] eg]F . d]g'sf efph" xfF:g'eof] . pxfFx¿n] xfdLnfO{
labf lbg'eof] .
/]lgu'G6faf6 a; r9]/ lt?klt k'Uof}F . ToxfFaf6 a; abn]/ lt?dfnf k'Uof}F
. oxfF t Pp6f wfld{s ;x/ g} /x]5 dfly kxf8sf] lzv/df . lzv/ klg s] eGg], oxfF t
ljzfn d}bfgL v08 g} /x]5 . pRr;d:ynL nfU5 oxfFsf] e"–agf]6 .
;f9] cf7 ah] lgMz'Nsjfnf nfOgdf k;]sf xfdLn] ;f9] afx| ah]lt/ bz{g
kfof}F . sGofs]6L, ;wjf / k'?ifx¿ htf klg lrG8] b]lvGy] . ;Ltfn] dnfO{ ;f]lwg\–
æskfn bfg ug{] 7fpFrflxF sxfF /x]5 < oL ;an] bfg u/]/ s:tf b]lvPsf xlu <Æ
dnfO{ klg skfn bfg ug{] 7fpF sxfF xf] yfxf lyPg . d}n] eg]F– ædnfO{ klg
yfxf 5}g .Æ
dflg;x¿ skfn bfg u/]/ otf l5bf{ /x]5g\ . xfdL skfn bfg ug{] of]hgfdf
lyPgf}F, To;}n] kl5tf] x'g] s'/f klg lyPg . cl:t ;fgL 5f]/L cg'hfrflxF eGb}
lyO{–ælt?klt k'luof] eg] skfn bfg ug{] xf] .Æ
;Ltfsf nflu cg'hfsf] lrG8] tfn' eofjx lrq aGg] lyof] . of] ;Dem]/ d}n]
klg cg'hfsf] /x/df cfklQ hgfPsf] lyPF . To;} eP/ klg xf] d}n] oxfF cfP/ s]z bfg
ug{] /x/ Tofu]sf] lyPF .
s]z bfg;DaGwL syf 5 . j}ª\s6]Zj/:jfdL >Llji0f'n] ljjfxvr{sf nflu
s'a]/;Fu l/g lng'ePsf] lyof] . >Llji0f'sf eStx¿n] ;f] l/g ltl/lbgsf nflu
skfn bfg ub{5g\ . bfg ug{] eSthgnfO{ >LnIdLn] bfg u/]sf] j:t' of wgsf] b; u'gf
kmsf{Olbg'x'g] ljZjf; ul/G5 . k};f bfg u/] k};f, skfn bfg u/] skfn, cGg bfg u/]
cGg .
aflx/ lg:s]/ kmf]6f] lvRg], /ldtf x]g{] / s]xL dfnf–k|;fbx¿ lsGg] sfddf
nfluof] . nueu 8]9 306f xfdL cNdlnof}F . cGTodf xfdL lgMz'Nsjfnf a; r9]/ ha j/
d'Vo rf]sdf cfof}F, xfdLnfO{ yfxf eof] xfdLn] lsg]sf km"n, k|;fb, dfnf
cflb t k/} 5fl8P5 . e'OFdf tL ;fdfg /fv]/ d}n] ;Ltfsf s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lvFr]F,
t/ k'gM ;f] emf]nf l6Kg la;{]sf] /x]5' . gf]S;fg eof] . s;n] Tof] l6Kof] xf]nf
< leq s] 5 x]b{} gx]/L kmf]xf]/ 7fg]/ kmfln kf] lbof] ls < s;}n] k|of]u
u/] t 7Ls} xf], t/ ;kmfO sd{rf/Ln] kmf]xf]/ kmfNg] sG6]g/ of uf8Ldf kmflnlbP
eg] a]sf/ v]/ uof] . g/fd|f] nfUof] . Joy{df ;ft–cf7 ;o ?lkofFsf] ;fdfg v]/
uof] . yflsPsf] lyof] . xf];\, 5'6f];\ eg]/ csf{] dfnf–k|;fb lsGof}F .
lbpF;f] df]afOn cdfgt 3/df /fVg'cl3 / aflx/ lg:sgf;fy bfh'sf]
:jf:Yo–cj:yfsf] af/]df kmf]gaf6 hfgsf/L lnPsf lyof}F . bfh'nfO{ w]/} ;Grf]
eO;s]sf] /x]5 .
lt?klt s;/L hfg] <
/]lgu'G6faf6 a; kj|mg] . /]lgu'G6faf6 lt?klt clg lt?kltaf6 a; kj|mL
lt?dfnf hfg'k5{ . oxfF hfg lt?kltaf6 x/]s b; ldg]6df a; rNb5g\ .
lt?kltaf6 b'O{ lsnf]ld6/hlt cufl8 k'u]kl5 ;a} ofq'sf] z/L/ / ;fdfgsf]
:Soflgª ul/G5 . uf8L k"/f vfnL u/]/ lg/LÔ0f ul/G5 . otf cfpFbf ;s];Dd sd
;fdfg lnP/ hfg' a]; . ;s];Dd ;fdfg pt} /]lgu'G6f of lt?kltd} xf]6n aGbf]a:t u/L
/fVg' plrt 5 . xfdLn] t /]lgu'G6fd} ;a} ;fdfg xf]6nd} 5f8]/ cfPsf lyof}F .
k};fsf] k;{ / df]afOn kmf]gafx]s xfdL;Fu s]xL lyPg . r]lsª kf/ ug{ ;lhnf] eof]
.
lt?kltb]lv lt?dfnf;Ddsf] efu kxf8L 5 . jg}jgsf] aLr eP/ ;8s hfG5 . lt?klt
of lt?dfnfsf nflu cgnfOg xf]6]n a'lsª ug{ ;lsG5, t/ o;sf nflu b'O{ dlxgfhlt
cufj} a'lsª ug'{k5{ . ctM xfdLn] /]lgu'G6fsf] jf; /f]h]sf lyof}F . otf w]/}
ofq'sf] rfk x'Fb}g / xf]6n ;:tf klg 5g\ .
d t c´ eG5', lt?dfnfdf ofqL;bgdf uP/ a:g' a]; . ofqL;bgdf cfˆgf ;fdfg
/fVg ns/ ;'ljwf 5 . jf; lgMz'Ns 5 . a'lsªsf] ;dodf kl/rokq b]vfpg'kg]{ x'G5 .
of] /]nj] l/he]{;g ;]G6/g]/ 5 . oxfF n'uf w'g / ;'sfpgsf nflu c;'ljwf xf]nf ls,
gq oxL ljsNk 7Ls 5 . /]lgu'G6fdf jf; a:g] k|aGw u/]df oxfFsf] 3'dfOdf afwf kg]{
x'G5 lsgls oxfF cfpg hfgd} Psf]xf]/f] b'O{ c9fO{ 306f t vr{ eOxfN5 . dlGb/sf]
b'O{tLg ;o ld6/ b"/Lsf u]:6 xfp; klg xfd|f] ah]6n] wfGg ;lsg] vfns} 5g\
xf]nf . t/ xfdLn] of] ljsNk g/f]Hg'sf] sf/0f o;a]nf ;/sf/L labfsf] ;do lyof] .
ofq'sf] rfk a9L ePdf w]/} b'Mv kfOg] x'G5 otf .
oxfF lgMz'Ns k|fKt x'g] cGg k|;fbd\ lbgdf nueu ;Q/L xhf/b]lv c;L xhf/
tLy{ofq'n] u|x0f ub{5g\ . oltsf dflg;sf nflu s]/fsf] kftdf vfgf k:sg] k|aGw
ug'{ klg rfgr'g] xf]Og . ;g\ @)@@ df # s/f]8 eÏhg tLy{ofq'n] o; cGgk|;fbd\df ef]hg
u/] . of] ;ª\Vof eg]sf] b}lgs nueu *@ xhf/ kg{ cfpF5 . 6«:6sf ef]nlG6o/
dlxnfsf] a6flnog g} b]Vg kfOG5 . logLx¿nfO{ lt?dfnfsf] ljifodf h'g;'s} hfgsf/L
dfUg ;lhnf] k5{ . xfdLn] klg nfOgdf k;]kl5 Ps–Ps sk b"w vfg kfof}F . clg
s]xL a]/kl5 k|;fbd\ .
oxfF cfpFbf cf]l/lhgn kl/ro kq cfwf/ sf8{, gful/stf cflb b]vfpg'k5{ gq
k|j]z kfOFb}g . oxfF cfP/ l6s6 lnPkl5 k|tLÔfsf] 38L ;'? x'G5 . leqL xndf
a:g'k5{ . oxfF l6s6 lnP/ ;do kfPkl5 leqL v08df otfptf e|d0f ug{ ldNg] /x]5 .
aflx/ lg:s]kl5 b; ?lkofF lt/L lt?klt afnfhLsf] 6Lsf nufpFbf gjLg cg'e"lt
eof] .
oxfF lt?kltsf aÍ6]Zj/sf] bz{g ug'{cl3 j/fx eujfg\sf] bz{g ug'{kg{] /x]5
. of] lgod xfdLnfO{ yfxf ePg . o; :yfgnfO{ cflbj/fxÔ]q klg elgG5 .
cflbj/fxIf]qdf bz{g gu/L xfdL uPsf lyof}F .
kmsL{ sf]7fdf cfOk'Ubf tLgrf/ ah]sf] lyof] .
æd ca 7Ls ePF . efOx¿n] olt ;xh} bz{g ug'{eof] . o:t} xf] eg] t d klg
bz{g ug{ ;S5' . clns sdhf]/L dfq g xf] ca t .Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
æef]ln laxfg xfdL kfFr} ah] lxF8\g] . b;–afx| ah];Dddf bz{g kfOof] eg]
;lhnf] k5{ .Æ efph"n] eGg'eof] .
xfd|f] bf];|f] /ft klg /]lgu'G6fd} laTof] .
gf]e]Da/ (, @)@# kRrL;f}F lbg,
/]lgu'G6f
laxfg eof] .
æef]ln laxfg tkfO{Fx¿nfO{ gp7fO{ xfdL hfG5f}F .Æ bfh'n] a]n's} eGg'ePsf]
lyof] . laxfg p7L ptfsf] sf]7fdf uP/ x]/]sf] t tfnf df/]sf] /x]5 . 38L x]bf{
laxfgsf] ;f9] 5 aHg nfu]sf] lyof] .
kmf]g u/]F .
æxfdL t nfOg nflu;Sof}F, clu g} .Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof] . pxfFx¿ laxfg rf/}
ah] sf]7faf6 lxF8\g'eP5 . clg 5 ah] t k|j]z ul/;Sg'ePsf] /x]5 nfOg nfUgsf nflu,
lt?kltdf .
9'Ss eof] . bfh'efph"n] bz{g ug{ gkfpg' kf] x'g] xf] ls eGg] lrGtf
b"/ eof] . s]xLa]/kl5 pxfFx¿sf] df]afOn l:jr ckm eof], dtna pxfFx¿sf]
df]afOn Snf]s ?ddf uO;s]sf] lyof] . ca bz{gkl5 glg:s'Gh]n ;Dks{ x'g]5}g eGg]
yfxf eof] .
æxfdL ca s] ug{] <Æ ;Ltfn] ;f]lwg\ .
æltdL g} eg g t, ca s] u/f}F <Æ d}n] xfF:t} ;f]w]F .
æv} lt?klt afnfhLsf] bz{g ul/xflnof] . ca s] sfd afFsL 5 / <
a}ª\s6]Zj/ :jfdLsf] dlGb/ klg bz{g ug{ kfP x'g] < of] dlGb/rflxF sxfF 5
<Æ
æa}ª\s6]Zj/ :jfdLsf] bz{g xfdLn] ul/;Sof}F . lt?kltsf afnfhLnfO{
a}ª\s6]Zj/:jfdL klg elgG5 . dlGb/nfO{ lt?dfnf lt?klt b]j:yfgd\ jf a}ª\s6]Zj/
:jfdLjf/L klg elgG5 .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æPP . To;f]eP xfd|L ltlD;GgL cfdfn] eGg'ePsf a}ª\s6]Zj/ :jfdL / lt?klt
afnfhL Ps} x'g\ t <Æ xfd|L l5d]sL t'n;f ltlD;gf cfdf lt?klt afnfhLsf] bz{g
u/]sf] cg'ej ;'gfpg'x'GYof] . pxfFs} d'vaf6 ;'g]sf] j}ª\s6]Zj/:jfdLsf] gfd
olta]nf ;Ltf ;lDemO/x]sL lyOg\ .
æx'g\ . Ps} x'g\ . log} x'g\ .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æ;ft' /]8L 5 .Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ . pgn] 3/af6 NofPsf] ;ft' lems]/ clnslt
lehfPsL /lx5g\ . b'j} hgfsf nflu ;ft' tof/ eO;s]sf] /x]5 .
xfdLn] kfgL / dxdf lehfPsf] ;ft' dhfn] vfof}F . olt ePkl5 afx| ah];Dd
vfg kfOPg eg] klg si6 x'g]5}g . xfdLn] nueu rf/ lsnf]u|fd ;ft' af]s]sf lyof}F .
x/]s lbg eg]h:tf] ;ft'sf] vfhf vfof}F . slxn]sfxLF t ;Ltf / efph" a]n'sf
klg æcyf{]s gvfg]Æ eGb} ;ft' vfg] ug'{x'GYof] . d]g'sf efph"n] klg nueu
rf/ lsnf] g} ;ft' tof/ kf/]/ af]Sg'ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] t clnslt 3/df agfPsf]
crf/ klg af]Sg'ePsf] lyof] . xfdLn] af]s]sf sfutL b; lbg;Dd l6s] . To;kl5 eg]
tL clns ;8\g yfn] eGg]] nfUof] . clg afFsL /x]sf tLgcf]6f sfutL d}n] kmfn]F .
;ft' vfg yfn]sfn] d]/f] af]em lbgx'F clncln ub{} xNsf eO/x]sf] lyof] .
æclg cfh sxfF hfg] c/] <Æ ;Ltfn] ;ft' vfO;s]kl5 a6'sfx¿ yGSofpFb}
;f]lwg\ .
æhxfF uP klg s] / < ltdLn] gfd hfGg] x}g . d lnP/ hfG5' . ltdL
n'?n'? d]/f kl5 nfUg] t xf] .Æ d}n] gfdx¿ ofb gug{] pgsf] afgLdfly Joª\Uo s;]F
.
æd}n] ;a} Oltxf; ghfg] klg 7fpFsf gfd t hfg]sL 5' x} . lt?jgGtk'/d\b]lv
oxfF;Ddsf ;a} 7fpFsf] gfd d s07:y eGg ;S5' .Æ pgn] elgg\ .
!&= >Lsfnx:tL M
æTo;f]eP cfh xfdL >Lsfnx:tL hfcf}F g t . lt?klt afnfhLsf] bz{gkl5
>Lsfnx:tLsf] bz{g ug{] rng 5 .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æ>Lsfnx:tL ÛÆ pgn] elgg\ .
xfdL sf]7faf6 lg:sFbf ;f9] ;ft ah]sf] lyof] . a; r9]/ >Lsfnx:tL
k'Uof}F . af6f] t w]/} xf]Og, t/ a;n] lgs} ;do nufOlbof] . rfnL; lsnf]ld6/sf]
b"/LnfO{ a;n] k"/f b'O{ 306f nufOlbof] . xfdL :j0f{d'vL gbLkfl/k6\l6 k'n}sf]
d'vdf a;af6 cf]ln{of}F . clg ;f]em} >Lsfnx:tL dlGb/lt/ nfUof}F . dnfO{ t
k'/fgf] jfg]Zj/sf] wf]jLvf]nfsf] k'naf6 lsgf/}lsgf/ gofF jfg]Zj/tkm{ nfu]sf]
cg'e"lt eof] . otf Tolt cUnf 3/ lyPgg\, t/ kmf]xf]/ wf]aLvf]nfnfO{
la;f{pg] . :j0f{d'vL gbLdf kfgL lyPg, o;f] vfN6fv'N6Ldf hd]sf] dfq . o; jif{
7"nf] jiff{ k/]s} lyPg / gbLsf] d"n km'6]s} lyPg .
gbLsf] b'u{lt x]b{} xfdL dlGb/ k|j]z u¥of}F . nfOg nfUg'kg{] /x]5 .
;j{k|yd kftfnu0f]zsf] bz{g ug{ k'Uof}F . kftfn u0f]zsf] bz{g ug{ Psbd ;fFu'/f]
l;F9L eP/ hfg'k5{ / dlGb/df PskN6df a9Ldf kfFr hgfn] k|j]z kfpF5g\ . wGg xfdL
uPsf] a]nfdf eL8 lyPg, t'?Gt} bz{gsf] df}sf ldNof] . kftfnu0f]z hfg] l;F9Ln]
b]j3f6sf] ;Ltf u'kmf hfg] l;F9Lsf] ;Demgf u/fof] . t/ oxfFsf] l;F9L
;Ltfu'kmfsf] h:tf] ;lhnf] xf]Og, Tolt 5f]6f] klg xf]Og .
u|x0fdf klg aGb gul/g] Psdfq dlGb/ >Lsfnx:tL dfq xf] . csf{]
ljz]iftf, oxfFsf] lzjlnËnfO{ k'hf/Lx¿n] klg 5'g'x'Fb}g .
blÔ0f ef/tdf lzjlnËsf k~rtŒj lnËx¿ 5g\ . tLdWo] >Lsfnx:tLdf jfo'tŒj
lnË 5g\ .
!= sf~rLk'/d\ M
k[YjLtŒj lzjlnË . PsDa/]Zj/ .
@= hDa's]Zj/ M
hntŒj lzjlnË .
#= >Lsfnx:tL M
jfo'tŒj lzjlnË .
$= lrbDa/d\ M
cfsfztŒj lzjlnË .
%= lt?jGgdnO{ M
clUgtŒj lzjlnË .
>Lsfnx:tL lzjlnË;Fu} :j0f{k§L 5 . dfnf, km"n cflb h]hlt
r9fpg'kg]{ xf] To;}df r9fOG5 . oxfFsf lzjlnËsf] bz{g lbofsf] k|sfzdf ul/G5 . x'g
t otfsf ;a}h;f] lzjlnª\usf] bz{g lbofs} k|sfzdf ul/G5, lah'nL aQLsf] rng /
;"o{sf] k|sfzsf] kx'Fr 5}g .
s] elgG5 eg] of] dlGb/ Pp6} l;ª\uf] 9'ª\ufaf6 agfOPsf] xf] . s'Fb]/ jf
sf6]/ .
o;nfO{ lsg >Lsfnx:tL elgPsf] xf] <
>Lsf] cy{ dfs'/f], sfnsf] cy{ ;k{ / x:tLsf] cy{ xfQL xf] . o;
lzjlnËdf dfs'/f], xfQLbGt / ;k{lrGx :kÓ b]lvG5 . oxfF ;k{, dfs'/f] / xfQLn] g}
eujfg\ zÍ/sf] cf/fwgf u/]sf] ljZjf; ul/G5 . lzjhLn] k|;Gg eP/ oL tLg hLjnfO{
bz{g lbg'eof] / cfkm"nfO{ o; :yfgdf :yflkt ug'{eof] .
vf;u/L dflg;x¿ /fx' / s]t'sf] k"hf u/fpgsf nflu oxfF cfpF5g\ . o;}
eP/ xf] o;nfO{ /fx' dlGb/sf] gfdaf6 klg lrlgg] u/]sf] xf] . /fx' / s]t'n] 8:g]
ePsf] x'Fbf ;"o{ / rGb|dfdf u|x0f nfUb5 elgG5 . o;}sf/0f u|x0fsf] ;dodf
klg o; dlGb/nfO{ aGb gul/g] ePsf] xf] .
oxfF ul/g] /fx' / s]t'sf] k"hfljwfg cnu–cnu 5 . k"hf z'Ns @%)
?lkofFb]lv ;'? x'G5 / tLg–rf/ xhf/;Dd k'U5 . cnucnu d08kdf cnu–cnu z'Ns nfUg]
ePsf] xf] . h'g sGofsf] ljjfxdf afwf cfO/xG5g\, ltgsf] u|xbf]if lgjf/0fsf nflu
‘;k{bf]if lgjf/0f’ k"hf ul/G5 . o; k"hfsf nflu nueu Ps 306f ;do nfU5
.
sfnx:tLZj/ dlGb/sf] clUgsf]0fdf r§fg sf6Lsf6Lsg agfOPsf] Ps d08k 5,
To;nfO{ dl0fu0fLo u§d\ elgG5 . dl0fu0fLo u§d\ gfdsL Ps elQmgL lyOg\, pgnfO{
d[To'sf] ;dodf zÍ/ eujfg\n] bflxg] sfgdf tf/s dGq ;'gfpg'ePsf] lyof], h;/L sfzLsf
ljZjgfy eujfg\n] sfzLdf dg{ kfpg]sf nflu tf/s dGq lbg'x'G5 . ltg} elQmgLsf]
gfddf cfh Ps d08k ag]sf] 5 .
cr]n eQmhgx¿ e"lddf 3f]K6f] k/]/ d/0f cf;g agfpFb5g\ / cfˆgf]
bflxg] sfg e"lddf c8\ofpF5g\, tf ls cfˆgf] bflxg] sfgsf] l5b|af6 cfˆgf]
k|f0fkv]? p8]/ hfcf];\ . sfzLdf klg oxL ljwfg 5 . o;}sf/0f >Lsfnx:tLnfO{
blÔ0fsf] sfzL elgg] u/]sf] xf] .
of] dlGb/ :j0f{d'vL gbLsf] t6df 5 . jfo'b]jn] :j0f{d'vL gbLsf] t6df
a;]/ xhf/f}F jif{;Dd 3f]/ tk:of u/]sf lyP . oxfF pgn] lzjhLsf] sk"{/
lnËsf] cf/fwgf u/] . eujfg\n] k|;Gg eP/ jfo'b]jnfO{ o;} :yndf bz{g lbg'eof] .
To;a]nf dxfb]jn] pgnfO{ tLg j/bfg lbg'eof] M
!= ;Dk"0f{ ;[lÓel/ x/]s hLjleq ltdL jfo'¿kdf ljBdfg /xg]5f} .
@= ltdLa]u/ s'g} klg hLj hLljt /xg ;Sg]5}gg\ .
#= cfOGbf sk"{/lnËd\nfO{ jfo'lnËd\sf] ¿kdf k'lhg]5 .
eujfg\ lzjsf] of] tLy{:yn w]/} zlQmzfnL 5 . w]/} k|l;4 eQmx¿n] oxfF
cfP/ tk:of u/] . of] dlGb/ s}nf;lul/ gfdsf] kxf8sf] km]bdf 5 . gGbLZj/ eujfg\n]
k[YjLdf tLg lzv/sf] :yfkgf ug'{ePsf] lyof] . tL tLgdWo] of] Ps xf] .
æsNof0ftLy{d\Æsf cg';f/ wg'wf{/L ch'{gn] o;} :yfgdf cfP/ tk:of u/]sf lyP . pgn]
lzjaf6 oxLF kfz'ktf:q k|fKt u/]sf lyP . 8fF8fsf] 6'Kkfdf ch'{gåf/f :yflkt
lzjlnË 5 .
k~rdxfe"tdWo] jfo'dxfe"t o; lzjlnËsf] Oltxf; eQm s00fksf
;fydf klg hf]l8G5 . eQm s00fknfO{ blÔ0f ef/tdf wg'wf{/L ch'{gsf cjtf/ x'g\ eg]/
dflgG5 . 8fF8fsf] 6'Kkfdf eQm s00fksf d"¨t :yflkt 5g\ . logL dxfb]jsf
7"nf eQm lyP . pgn] o; lzjlnËsf] /Ôfsf nflu cfˆgf b'j} cfFvf bfg lbPsf lyP
. eQm s00fk Ps leNn hfltsf dflg; lyP . pgsf] vf; gfd gLn lyof] .
PskN6 dxfb]jn] eQm s00fksf] cfkm"k|ltsf] elQmsf] k/LÔf lng
rfxg'eof] . w/tLdf xnrn ;'? eof] . pgL jgaf6 3/ kms]{/ cfO/x]sf lyP, pgn]
oxfFsf] lzjlnËsf Ps cfFvfaf6 /Qmwf/f alx/x]sf] b]v] .
pgnfO{ ;D´gf eof], dg'iosf] 3fpdf dg'iosf] tfhf 5fnfsf] k|of]u u/]df
3fp l56f] lgsf] x'G5 . pgn] slQ klg glxlRsrfO{sg cfˆgf] 7f]j|mfaf6 Pp6f af0f
lgsfn], / cfˆgf] Ps cfFvf] l´s]/ pQm d"¨tsf] g]qdf nufP .
d"¨tsf] g]qaf6 /Qmwf/f k"0f{¿kdf aGb eof] . t/ gLnn]
b]lvxfn], d"¨tsf] Pp6f cfFvf] t 7Ls eof] t/ ca csf]{ cfFvfaf6 klg /Qmwf/f
axg nfu]sf] 5 . gLnn] d"¨tsf] pQm g]qdf cfˆgf] kfpsf] a"9Lcf}Fnf]
/fv], tf ls cfkm" k"/f cGwf] ePkl5 klg ;f] 7fpF klxNofpg ;lhnf] xf];\
. pgn] af0fsf] wfl/nf] wft'n] ha cfˆgf] bf];|f] cfFvf] klg l´s], pgnfO{ lzjhLn]
cfP/ bz{g lbg'eof] . pgnfO{ lzjhLn] cfˆgf ;fydf lzjnf]s n}hfg'eof] . o;kl5 tL
gLnsf] gfd s00fk /xg uof] . tldn efiffdf s00fksf] cy{ æg]qÆ x'G5 .
o;afx]s o; dlGb/sf] kl/;/df kftfn u0f]zhL / kfj{tLsf klg dlGb/ 5g\ .
klxn] u0f]zhLsf] bz{g u/]kl5 dfq d'Vo >Lsfnx:tL dlGb/sf] bz{g ul/G5 .
Psk6sdf kfFr JolQmnfO{ dfq tn cG8/u|fpG8df cjl:yt kftfnu0f]zhLsf] bz{gsf nflu
k7fOG5 . /dfOnf] nfU5 oxfF cf]n{Fbf / pSnFbf . Psbd nfdfnfdf v'6\lsnf 5g\ /
l;F9L Psbd ;fFu'/f] 5 . Tolt tn ulx/fdf ag]sf] dlGb/df hfg slt c;'ljwfhgs l;F9L
<
dftf kfj{tLnfO{ oxfF 1fgk|;" elgG5 . >Lsfnx:tL jfo'lnË]Zj/sf]
bz{gkl5 1fgk|;" gfdsL clDasf dfFsf] bz{g ul/G5 . bz{gsf] j|md ;a} tLy{df
Ps} x'Fbf] /x]g5 .
dlGb/ kl/;/df k|;fbL klg pknAw x'G5 . kGw| ?lkofFdf b];L 3Lsf]
n8\8" kfOG5 . k'lnxf]/f gfdsf] ltqL ldl;Psf] rfdnsf] eft kfOG5 . kGw|
?lkofFdf @)) u|fd k'lnxf]/f rfdn k|;fbsf] ¿kdf kfOG5 . k|;fb sfpG6/g]/ !!
ah]b]lv b'O{ ah];Dd lgMz'Ns cGg k|;fb kfOG5 . xfdL Psl5g nfOgdf al;x]¥of}F t/
k|;fb k|fKt ug{ lgs}a]/ nfUg] a'em]kl5 xfdL k|;fb glnO{sg lg:Sof}F .
>Lsfnx:tLsf] leqL dlGb/ rf]n /fhj+zsf] ;do cyf{t\ kfFrf}F ztfAbLsf]
xf] eg] cfh h'g lgdf{0fsnf b]lvG5 Tof] s[i0fb]j /foåf/f ;f]x|f}F ztfAbLdf agfpg
nufPsf] xf] . oxfF pgn] Ps xhf/ d08kd\sf] lgdf{0f u/fPsf x'g\ .
>Lsfnx:tL dlGb/sf] af/]df cg]s ls+jbGtL /x]5g\ . Ps syfcg';f/
jfo'b]jtfn] lzjhLnfO{ sk"{/lnª\ud\ ¿kdf xhf/f}F jif{ tk:of u/]/ v';L kf/]
. csf{] ls+jbGtLsf cg';f/ s00fkn] lzjhLsf] k"hf u/] . csf{] sygcg';f/ o;}
:yndf ch'{gn] tk:of u/L lzjaf6 kfz'ktf:q kfP .
cem c¿ klg syf 5g\ . PskN6 lzjhLn] l/;fP/ kfj{tLhLnfO{ >fk lbg'eof]
. o;af6 >Lkfj{tLhL o;} e"lddf cfO{ dfgjrf]nf u|x0f u/L /xgnfUg'eof] .
kfj{tLhLn] 3f]/ tk:of u/L pSt >fkaf6 d'lSt kfpg'eof] . lzjhLn] kfj{tLhLnfO{
k'gM b]jL :j¿k k|fKt ug{] j/bfg lbg'eof] . o;kl5 kfj{tLhL klxn]eGbf xhf/f}F
u'gf 1fgzLnf Pjd\ ;'Gb/L x'g'eof] . To;kl5 kfj{tLhLnfO{ 1fgk|;" eGg
yflnof] . 3gsnf gfdsL Ps dlxnfnfO{ lkzfrof]lgdf kg{] ;/fk lyof] . pgn] kGw|
jif{ s7f]/ tk:of u/L /ftf]lbg e}/jdGqn] lzjhLsf] cf/fwgf ul/g\ . lzjhLn\
;/fkaf6 d'lSt lbP/ klxn]s} :j¿k agfOlbg'eof] . do"/, rGb| Pjd\ b]j]Gb|n]
klg >Lsfnx:tLsf] k|fy{gf u/L :j0f{d'vL gbLsf] 3f6df :gfg u/]kl5 ;d:t >fkx¿af6
d'lSt kfP .
o;} :yndf lzjhLn] dfs{08]o ClifnfO{ bz{g lbg'eof] . pxfFn] ClifnfO{
u'Kt 1fgsf] af/]df atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] ClifnfO{ eGg'eof]– æu'Kt /x:ox¿dfly
k|sfz kfg{] clwsf/ u'?x¿nfO{ dfq 5 . ctM u'?x¿ a|x\df, lji0f' / dx]Zj/ x'g\ .Æ
PskN6 jfo' / z]ifaLr sf] 7"nf] eGg] ljifodf ljjfb eof] .
cfkm" dxfg\ x'F eg]/ l;4 ug{ z]ifn] s}nf;kj{tsf] kl/qmdf ug{] eP . jfo'n]
pgsf] kl/qmdfdfly cj/f]w ug{ cfFwLa]x/L ag]/ sf]l;; u/] . o; cfFwLa]x/Ln] s}nf;
kj{tsf cf7 6'qmfx¿ 5'6\l6P/ cfO{ cf7 7fpFdf 5l/P . tL x'g\ M uf]s0f{ cyf{t\
l6«ª\sf]dfnL ->Lnª\sf_, >Lsfnx:tL, lt?lr/fdn} -lt?lr/fkNnL_, lt?PGsf]Odn}
-PGuf]dn}, lt?lr/fkNnL_, /fhbflul/ -sf]oDa6'/_, gLt{lul/ -gt{dn},
lt?lr/fkNnLaf6 @% lsld_, /Tglul/ -s'lntn}, lt?lr/fkNnL_, Zj]tlul/ lt?kGuLnL
-ljZjgfy, lt?lr/fkNnLaf6 @) lsld pQ/_ .
P3f/f}F ztfAbLsf rf]nj+zL /fhf /fh]Gb| rf]n k|ydn] oxfFsf] dlGb/sf]
k'g?4f/ u/L d'Vo dlGb/sf] gofF ¿k lbPsf x'g\ . rf]nj+zL tyf ljhogu/ ;fd|fHosf
cg]s /fhfn] o; dlGb/nfO{ yk lgdf{0f u/fP . /fhf s[i0fb]j/fon] ;g\ !%!^ df !@)
lkm6 cUnf] /fhuf]k'/d\ Pjd\ !)) ;'Gb/ a'6\6f s'FlbPsf :tDeo'St d08k agfpg nufP
. pSt /fhuf]k'/d\ @)!) df eTSof] . o;nfO{ k'glg{df{0f ug{ $% s/f]8 ef/tLo
?lkofF vr{ eof] .
>Lsfnx:tL dlGb/ kl/;/df dfly pNn]v ePsf kftfnu0f]z / 1fgk|;"–cDafsf
dlGb/ 5g\ . oxfF ;bof]uL d08k / hnsf]6L d08k gfdsf b'O6f 7"nf7"nf sIf
5g\ . ;"o{k'isl/0fL / rGb|k'isl/0fL gfdsf b'O{ s'08 klg 5g\ . oxfF
lzj/flqsf] cj;/df t]x| lbg;Dd w'dwfd;Fu pT;j dgfOG5 .
xfdL ch'{g tk:of:ynL kxf8 r9\of}F . af6f] ;'Gb/ l;F9Lo'St 5 .
psfnf] r9\g' klg ;'Gb/ cg'ej x'G5 . hlt r9\b} uof], plt k/k/;Ddsf] ;'Gb/ b[Zo
b]Vg kfOG5 . :j0f{d'vL gbL afª\uf]l6ª\uf] eP/ uPsf] b[Zo cem ;'Gb/ 5 . kxf8sf]
ptfk6\l6 cem 7"nf] ;x/ /x]5 . 3/x¿ cem ljzfn /x]5g\ Totfk6\l6 .
;Ltfn] >Lsfnx:tL ;x/sf] of] b[Zo clt dgk/fOg\ . pgn] elgg\– æolt
cUnf] l9:sfaf6 olt glhs} olt ;'Gb/ ;x/ lhGbuLdf slxNo} b]Vg kfOPsf] lyPg . ef/t
klg oltsf lbg 3'ldof], sxLF o:tf] ;'Gb/ cg'ej ePsf] lyPg . 5f]/Lx¿ oxfF cfpg
kfPsf eP, cfxf Û slt /dfpg] lyP ÛÆ
zLtn xfjf rn]/ jftfj/0fnfO{ sfJofTds agfPsf] lyof] . To;} kj{tdf eSt s00fk
dlGb/ klg /x]5 . oxfF k'Ug] a]nfdf x}b/fafb ;x/af6 otf cfPsf] tLy{ofqLsf] Pp6f
6f]nL;Fu xfd|f] e]6 eof] . pgLx¿;Fu klg kmf]6f] lnof}F . dlxnfn] rflxF lt?kltdf
skfn r9fPsL lyOg\ .
æs:tf] rng xlu < >Ldfg\ lhpFb} 5, >LdtL lrG8f .Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\
.
jf:tjdf klt x'g' of gx'g';Fu skfnsf] s'g} ;DaGw /x]g5 xfd|f] wfld{s
k|rngdf . skfn sf6\g' eg]sf] ;kmfO / z'4tfsf] s'/f dfq xf] . oxfF lt?kltdf
sGofs]6L, ;wjf, ljwjf, afnaflnsf, k'?if h;n] klg s]z bfg ug{] u5{g\ . s]z
bfgsf] syf klg 5 . >La}ª\s6]Zj/:jfdLn] kb\dfjtLcDdfg;Fu ljjfx ug{sf nflu
lng'ePsf] l/g eSthgx¿n] skfn sf6]/ r9fO{ ltl/lbPsf x'g\ .
dflysf] cUnf] l9:sfaf6 cg]s kmf]6f] lnof}F . ch'{g tk:of:ynLdf kfj{tL /
lzjhLsf ;]tf /ªsf ljzfn d"lt{ 5g\ . logsf cfwf/e"lddf s]xL kmf]6f]
lnP/ dfq xfdL tn cf]ln{of}F . eSt s00fksf] ;fgf] dlGb/df cfOk'Ubf b'O6L
o'jtLx¿n] xfdLnfO{ pgLx¿sf] kmf]6f] lvlrlbg cg'/f]w u/] .
ægfgLx¿ sxfFaf6 xf} lg <Æ ;Ltfn] ;f]lwg\ .
æxfdL r]GgO{af6 . xh'/x¿rflxF sxfFaf6 lg <Æ uf]/LrflxF s]6L lgs} af]n}of / pHofnL /lx5, p;n] egL .
æxfdL g]kfnaf6 .Æ pgLx¿sf] kmf]6f] lvlrlbFb} d}n] eg]F .
æxfdL rf/} hgfsf] klg kmf]6f] lvrf}F g ÛÆ ;Ltfn] elgg\ . pgLx¿ ;xif{
tof/ eP . xfdL rf/ hgf plePsf] kmf]6f] Ps hgfnfO{ cg'/f]w u/]/ lvlrdfUof}F .
æxfd|f b'O6L 5f]/L 5g\ . ltdLx¿s} pd]/sf ÛÆ ;Ltfn] elgg\ . uf]/LrflxF
s]6L v';L b]lvO{ . p;n] 7"nf] d':sfg cg'xf/df km}nfO{ .
æs] k9\b} 5f} lg <Æ ljBfyL{ g} x'g'k5{ eGg] nfu]/ ltgnfO{ d}n]
;f]w]F .
æof] OlGhlgol/ª k9\b} 5] . r]GgO{df . sDKo'6/ OlGhlgol/ª . drflxF sfg'g
k9\b} 5' . :gfts tx .Æ ToxL af]n}of uf]/Ln] egL .
d}n] xfd|f gfgLx¿ cfz' / cfo'ifnfO{ w]/} dfof ug{] /~hgf l3ld/]
5f]/LnfO{ ;Dem]F . of] uf]/Lsf] d':sfg klg /~hgfs} h:tf] /x]5 . k9fO klg sfg'g
g} . /~hgfsf] 3/ vgf/df xf] / pgn] lj/f6gu/af6 PnPnaL k9fO ;Sg nfu]sL 5g\ .
/~hgfnfO{ d eGg] u5'{– æx]/ gfgL Û sfg'g k9\g]n] efiffdf bVvn /fVg'k5{
. g]kfndf sfg'g k9\g]n] g]kfnL / cª\u|]hL b'j} efiffdf kf]Vt x'g'k5{ . b'j}
efiffsf] z'4 / :t/Lo ¿ksf] k|of]u ug'{k5{, b'j} efiffdf zAbe08f/ ljk'n
agfpg'k5{ .Æ
pgL km]l/ d':sfpFl5g\– æxf] lg a'af ÛÆ
>Lsfnx:tLdf e]l6PsL oL sGg8 gfgLsf] / /~hgfsf] :jefj, ?lr,
cfTdljZjf; / bIftf p:t} nfUof] .
æca xfdL uof}F x} <Æ ltg} uf]/L gfgLn] elgg\ . ;Ltfsf cfFvf ltgLx¿
uPlt/ Psf]xf]l/O/x]sf /x]5g\ .
æxfd|f 5f]/Lx¿ slxn] oxfF cfpg kfpnfg\ <Æ pgsf cfFvf /l;nf b]lvP .
psfnf] r9\b} ePsf] a]nfdf afbn nfu]sf] eP klg kfgL kl/xfNnf h:tf] b]lvPsf] lyPg . t/ ha xfdL ch'{g tk:of:ynLaf6
cf]n{g nfUof}F, cfwfplw cf]/fnf] em/]kl5 kfgL l56\ofpg yfNof] . clncln xfjfx'/L
klg cfof] . ca kfgL cf]Ol/of] eg] aaf{b eOG5 eGg] eof] . clncln leHb} eP klg
xfdL l;F9Laf6 km6fkm6 cf]ln{OxfNof}F . 7"nf] gk/] klg kfgL Ps;/f] lehfpg]
u/L kb{} lyof] . af6fdf km"nk|;fb, v]nf}gf / sk8fsf k;n]x¿n] Knfl:6s
6fFu]/ kfgL 5]s]sf x'gfn] xfdL leHgrflxF vf;} leh]gf}F .
tn cfOk'u]kl5 k'gM >Lsfnx:tL dlGb/lt/ k:of}F . kms{g] af6f] ot}af6
;lhnf] 5 . dlGb/df cfOk'Ubf e08f/fsf] ;do ePsf] /x]5 . Ps dgn] eGof] nfOg
nfu"F / oxfFsf] e08f/f vfPsf] cg'ej klg lnOxfn"F . t/ nfOg ljrf/ ubf{ clns a9L ;do vr{ x'g]
b]lvof] . xfdLn] oxfFsf] e08f/fsf] cg'ej kl/Tofu u¥of}F . dlGb/ kl/;/af6 af6f]
;f]Wb}–;f]Wb} aflx/ lg:Sof}F . dlGb/sf] d"nåf/b]lv lgs} k/;Dd dfu{sf]
b'j}tkm{ k"hf;fdu|L, dfnf, k|;fb / pkxf/sf ;fgf–;fgf c:yfoL k;n lyP .
aflx/sf] jftfj/0f Psbd aflkmnf] lyof] . tftf] / ps';d's'; lyof] . cl3 kfgL
l56\ofPsf] ljifo ;'b"/ eO;s]sf] lyof] . 3fd 6G6nfk'/ nfu]sf lyP / cfsfzdf
k/k/ dfq ;'lsnf afbnsf 8Nnf b]lvGy] .
>Lsfnx:tLaf6 /]lgu'G6f kms{g nfUbf afx|–;jf afx| ah]sf] lyof]
kms{g'cl3 ev{/} k'glg{ld{t /fhuf]k'/d\nfO{ k5fl8 kf/]/ Psb'O{ kf]h kmf]6f]
lnof}F . ;8ssf] lsgf/df Pp6L dlxnf xl/of ds} kf]n]/ a]Rt} lyO{ . dnfO{ kf]n]sf
ds} eg]kl5 d'vdf kfgL cfOxfN5 .
ævfcf}F g t .Æ ;Ltfsf] ;dy{g
cfof] . xfdLn] pleO{–pleO{ Ps–Ps 3f]uf kf]n]sf xl/of ds} vfof}F . /dfOnf] eof]
. udL{ k|r08 eP klg gofF ofqfsf] cg'ejn] udL{sf] kL8f ;Demg lbPg .
a; r9]/ xfdL sf]7fdf ;f9] b'O{ ah]lt/ cfOk'Uof}F . ptf bfh'–efph"
lt?klt bz{gsf nflu hfg'ePsf] t/ k6sk6s k|of; ubf{ klg df]afOn l:jr ckm eg]sfn]
xfdL lrlGtt lyof}F . pxfFx¿ 5 ah] g} nfOgdf nfUg'ePsf] x'gfn] b;, ;f9] b; ah]
kSs} bz{g ug{ kfpg'eof] eGg] ljZjf; lyof] . To;}n] b; ah]kl5 x/]s 306f kmf]g
u/]sf lyof}F . xfdL r'krfk sf]7}df a:of}F .
æbfh'–lbbL cfOk'Ug ;do nfUnf h:tf] 5, o;f] u/f}F g, s]xL vl/bf/L klg
u/f}F . o;f] pkxf/ rflxPg < ca t ofqf ;lsg nfUof] t ÛÆ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
xf] klg . ca oxfFaf6 k'6\6ktL{ hfg' lyof] . k'6\6ktL{af6 a}ª\Unf]/ uP/
6«]g ;dfTg'dfq lyof] . ctM tLyf{6gaf6 kms{]/ 3/ hfg]n] nUg] pkxf/ sf];]nL,
k|;fb–dfnf cflb lsGg' cfjZos lyof] . o;afx]s ;Ltfsf c¿ klg /x/ lyP . lbbLalxgL,
b]p/fgL–h]7fgL / ldNg] dlxnf ;fyLx¿dWo] s]xLnfO{ kf]t], 6Lsf cflb nlulbg
rfxlGyg\ pgL .
æhfcf}F g t .Æ d}n] eg]F . xfdL t'?Gt} a; r9]/ lt?kltlt/ nfluxfNof}F .
lt?klt a; :6]G8 k'Ug nfUbf ptf o'j/fh bfh'sf] kmf]g cfof]– æefO Û bz{g
aNn kfof}F . xfdL aflx/ lg:sgf;fy kmf]g u/]sf] .Æ
æcf]xf] Û w]/} kf] ;do nfu]5 t . lsg <Æ
ælsg lsg Û lbge/ lr;f] sf]7fdf y'lgg'k¥of] . ef]sn] emGg} dl/of] lg .
ax't b'Mv kfOof] .Æ bfh'n] ;ª\lIfKtdf lbge/sf] k|ult ;'gfpg'eof] . h] eP klg
lt?kltsf] bz{g ldn]5 . c¿ s'/f eg]sf tkl;nsf x'g\ . s'g tLy{:yn hfFbf / bz{g
ug{ nfUbf ;xh x'G5 / <
æxfdL o;a]nf lt?klt a; :6]G8 cfOk'Ug nfu]sf 5f}F .Æ d}n] eg]F .
casf] 8]9–b'O{ 306fdf xfdL klg em5f{}F xf]nf .Æ bfh'n] dfly lt?dfnfaf6
@* lsnf]ld6/ tnsf] lt?klt cfOk'Ug] ;dosf] cg'dfg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . a]n'sfsf]
;do x'gfn] a;x¿df Hofbf eL8 x'G5 . a; kfpg klg d'l:sn x'g ;S5 . pxfFx¿ cfzf
u/]eGbf cem l9nf] klg x'g ;Sg'x'G5 eGg] d}]n] cg'dfg u/]F .
>Lslkngfy:jfdL M æoxfF cfOxflnof] .
slkngfy:jfdLsf] bz{g u/f}F klxn] . clg vl/bf/L t s] 5 / cf7– gf} ah];Dd ug{
ldlnxfN5 .Æ d}n] ;LtfnfO{ eg]F .
clg xfdL c6f] kqm]/ ;f]em} slkngfy:jfdL dlGb/df k'Uof}F . of] dlGb/
r6\6fgL kxf8sf] km]bdf /x]5 . ljzfn em/gfsf] d'lg 7"nf] tnfp 5 . em/gfsf]
kfgLdf ;of}F dflg; /dfO{/dfO{ g'xfO/x]sf lyP . carflxF Totf hfg] af6f] aGb
eO;s]sf] /x]5 . dflg;x¿ af/ gf3]/ xfDkmfnL hfFbf /x]5g\ . d klg af/ gf3]/ ptf
k'u]F . g'xfpg t dg lyPg t/ kmf]6f] / lel8of]sf] nf]e lyof] .
;Ltfn] d ptf uPsf] kmf]6f] lnOg\ .
kmsL{ cfP/ pgnfO{ x]/]F . pgsf] cg'xf/ cfZro{, xif{ / s't"xnn]
wkSs an]sf] lyof] .
æs:tf] nfUof] t <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
æolt ;'Gb/ 7fpF /x]5 . tkfO{FnfO{ t ;a yfxf 5Fb} lyof], lsg clu sf]7fdf
a;]sf < a]sf/df b'O{ 306fhlt ;do v]/ uof] . a]n}df cfpg kfPsf] eP cem slt
/dfOnf] x'g] lyof] <Æ pgn] elgg\ . t/ lbpF;f]sf] k|r08 3fdn] cfn;tfn; eP/
cf/fd u/]sf dfq lyof}F xfdLn], a]sf/df a;]sf lyPgf}F .
æs'g 7fpF xf] c/] <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
pgn] o; :yfgsf] gfdrflxF Vofn u/]sL /lx5g\ . pgL xflh/L hafkmdf ;f]lwg]
vfnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ tof/ /fv]/ a;]sL /lx5g\ . pgn] elgg\– æslkn afafsf] .Æ
æslkn]Zj/gfy dlGb/ . >Lslkngfy:jfdL eG5g\ otfsfx¿ .Æ d}n] ;RofPF .
otf gf/fo0fL dlGb/, slkn]Zj/gfy dlGb/ / cGo s]xL dlGb/ /x]5g\ . dflg;sf] eL8 sd
ePsf] lyPg . xfdL lg:sg yfNof}F .
c6f] kqm]/ k'gM a; :6]G8 cfOk'Ubf emdSs ;fFem k/]sf] lyof] . ;Ltf ca
vl/bf/Lsf] d'8df lyOgg\ . pgn] elgg\– æca /ft k¥of] . 3/ hfcf}F . bfh'–lbbLx¿
klg ca t cfOk'Ug'eof] xf]nf .Æ
d}n] bfh'nfO{ kmf]g u/]/ ;f]w]F– æsxfF cfOk'Ug'eof] <Æ
ækxf8af6 cf]ln{O;Sof}F . ca ;Dd d}bfg cfof] . xfd|f] a; ;f]em} pt} hfg]
/x]5 . /]lgu'G6f g} .Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof] . ;lhnf] eP5 .
æxfdL lt?klt ahf/df 5f}F . ;do nfU5 xf]nf . xh'/x¿ sf]7fdf hfFb}
ug'{xf]nf . lbge/ lr;f] eof], s]xL tftf] vfg'xf]nf . xfdLnfO{ vfgsf nflu klg
gkv{g'xf]nf .Æ d}n] eg]F .
pxfFn] eGg'eof]– æx;\ . xfdL hfFb} u5f{}F t To;f] eP .Æ
>Lkb\dfjtL cDdfjf/L M æca xfdL
kb\dfjtL cDdfg dlGb/ hfcf}F .Æ d}n] ;LtfnfO{ eg]F . of] >LnIdLsf] dlGb/ xf]
. lt?kltsf j}ª\s6]Zj/sL kTgL >LnIdLsf] gfd oxfF kb\dfjtL 5 . log}
kb\dfjtLsf] bz{g u/]/ dfq kxf8 r9L lt?klt bz{g ug'{kg{] lyof] . t/ xfdLn] pN6f]
sfd ug{ vf]lh/x]sf lyof}F .
æca /ft kl/;Sof] . ghfcf}F . stf hfg'kg{] dfG5], stf hfg vf]Hg'x'G5 .Æ
pgn] elgg\ .
>Lkb\dfjtL cDdfjf/L dlGb/ /]lgu'G6f hfg] af6fg]/} k5{ . af6f]
5f]l6G5 .Æ d}n] eg]F . pgn] c;lhnf] dfg] klg cfklQ hgfOgg\ .
xfdL a; kqm]/ kb\dfjtL dlGb/lt/ nfUof}F . ;x/ ltxf/sf] lemlnldnLdf
/dfPsf] lyof] . ;8sdfly 5fgf]em}F agfP/ aQL afn]sf lyP . lah'nLsf] rdsn] cfFv}
ltld{/fpnf em}F lyof] . htf klg hxfF klg lah'nLsf] lemlnldnL . otfsf dflg;sf]
ltxf/ dgfpg] tl/s} leGg} .
Psbd l9nf] u/L, cyf{t\ Ps 306fhltdf a;n] aNn dlGb/df k'¥ofof] . dlGb/
v'Ng cem ;do s]xL afFsL /x]5 . ;fdfg /fVg] 3/df df]afOn cflb /fVof}F . l6s63/df
uP/ l6s6 lnof}F . krf; ?lkofFjfnf nfOgdf uOof] eg] l56f] bz{g ug{ kfOg] nfn;fn]
. xf] /x]5, lgs} l56f] bz{g kfOof] . leqsf] ;hfj6, z[ª\uf/, lemlnldnL /
/fd/ldtf crDdsf] /x]5 . slt xf] slt vlr{nf], e8\lsnf], rdsbf/ / ;Eo . ot}
al;/x"F nfUg] ;'Gb/ . ehg klg p:t} ;'dw'/ . sGg8f efiffdf ufOg] oL ehgsf]
Ps zAb a'lemFb}g, t/ ;ª\uLt g} olt nofn' ls, s] eGg], zAbsf] tfuteGbf ;ª\uLtsf]
tfut w]/} alnof] /x]5 .
xfdL gf} ah] t dlGb/aflx/ lgl:s;s]sf lyof}F . t/ /ft k/]sf]
cg'e"lt x'g glbg] u/L dflg;sf] rxnkxn, eL8ef8 / Jo:ttf b]lvGYof] .
>Lkb\dfjtLnfO{ oxfF cnfd]n'dª\u gfdn] k'sfl/G5 .
>Lkb\dfjtL o; e]usf /fhf cfsfz/fhfsL k'qLsf] ¿kdf hGdg'ePsf] lyof] .
pxfFsf] gfd cnfd]n' /x]5 . cnfd]n'sf] ljjfx j}ª\s6]Zj/:jfdL;Fu eof] . syfcg';f/
b]jLn] kb\d;/f]j/df :j0f{¿kdf sdn cyf{t\ kb\d¿k wf/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
j}ª\s6]Zj/ dfxfTDosf cg';f/ >L;"o{gf/fo0fn] sdn 9sdSs kmqmfpgdf ljz]if
e"ldsf v]Ng'eof] . k'isl/0fLsf] k"jL{ lsgf/fdf
>L;"o{gf/fo0fsf] dlGb/ 5 .
kb\dk'/f0fdf >Lkb\dfjtL / >Llgjf;sf] ljjfxsf] j0f{g a8f] ;hLj
9ª\udf ul/Psf] 5 . sflt{s z'Sn k~rdL, pQ/fiff9f gIfqsf] ;dodf >Lkb\dfjtL
b]jLn] bz{g lbg'x'G5 . oxfF kb\dfjtL cjtf/sf] ;dodf a|x\df]T;j eJo ¿kdf dgfOG5
.
bz{gkl5 xfdL st} gcndlnO{sg ;f]em} /]lgu'G6f hfg rfxGYof}F . /]lgu'G6fsf
nflu a; t lt?klt uP/ dfq e]l6g] /x]5 . bf]xf]/f] lxF8fO x'g] /x]5 . xfdL a;
kqm]/ lt?klt a; :6]G8 k'Uof}F clg ToxfFaf6 /]lgu'G6f hfg] a;df r9\of}F .
sf]7fdf k'Ubf /ftsf] ;f9] b; ah]sf] lyof] .
æs] vfg'eof] t <Æ d}n] bfh'nfO{ kmf]g u/]F .
æxfdLn] vfof}F . tkfO{Fx¿ vfgf vfP/} cfpg'xf]nf .Æ ptfaf6 efph"sf]
:j/ cfof] .
d uP/ glhs}sf] xf]6naf6 ;'Svf /f]6L, bfn, ;AhL cflb lsg]/ NofPF . vfP/
;'Tbf /ftsf] nueu afx| ah]sf] lyof] .
gf]e]Da/ !), @)@# 5AaL;f}F lbg,
k'6\6ktL{
laxfg * ah]sf] 6«]g lyof] k'6\6ktL{sf nflu . @&) lsnf]ld6/ af6f]
nueu 5 306fdf k'lug]jfnf lyof] . /]lgu'G6fb]lv lt?klt;Dd a;df clg c6f] kqm]/
/]nj] :6];gdf / xfdL 6«]gsf nflu ;dod} r9\of}F
. jftfj/0f /dfOnf] lyof] . df};d cfgGbsf] lyof] . xfdL xfF:t} /dfpFb} hfFb}
lyof}F . bf}l8O/x]sf] 6«]gaf6 em\ofnaflx/sf v]t, kxf8, gbL, tnfp cflbsf] b[Zo
kmf]6f] / lel8of] lvlr/x]sf lyof}F . dflg;x¿ 6«ØfS6/n] v]t hf]lt/x]sf lyP . v]tx¿
kfgLn] el/e/fp lyP . sfdsf] Jo:ttfsf] ;do lyof] . wfg /f]kfOFsf nflu aLp tof/
x'Fb} lyof] . sflt{ssf] ;do eP klg otf aNn dWoavf{ nfu]sf] lyof] / /f]kfOF
st}st} dfq ;'? ePsf] lyof] .
;Ltf gl/jnsf ljzfn au}Frfsf] lel8of] lvlr/x]sL lyOg\ . efph" ptf
9Ns]/ cf/fd ul//xg'ePsf] lyof] . o'j/fh bfh' ufpFsf s'g} 5/l5d]sL;Fu d];]Gh/df
s'/f ub{} x'g'x'GYof] . cl3Nnf] lbg lt?klt bz{gsf nflu slt ;do nfUof], sltsf]
x}/fgL eof] cflb ljifodf ;'gfpFb} x'g'x'GYof] . b'O{–tLg lbg 8fol/ofn] ;tfP/
aNn 7Ls ePsf] klg atfpFb} x'g'x'GYof] . pxfF sdhf]/ x'g'ePsfn] laxfg klg pxfFsf
emf]nf efph" / d}n] af]s]sf lyof}F
. of] klg pxfF ;'gfpFb} x'g'x'GYof] . 6«]gdf ePsf c¿ ofq'x¿l;t lrgfkrL{ eP/
ukmufkm ;'? eO;s]sf] lyof] . ltgLx¿ g]kfnL tLy{ofq';Fu g]kfnsf] af/]df s]xL
hfGg pT;'s lyP . g]kfn ofqf ef/tLosf nflu slQsf] ;xh 5 hfGg kfPsfdf v';L lyP .
yk hfGg tL Jou| lyP . xfdL xfF:Yof}F / k/b]zL d':sfg ;f6f;f6 ub{} lyof}F .
ælbgsf] b'O{ ah] t kSs} wd{j/d\ k'luG5 xf]nf .Æ d]/f] 5]pdf a;]sf] Pp6f
d/f7L o'jsn] eGof] .
ægf} alh;Sof], cem;Dd kfsfnf cfOk'luPsf] 5}g .Æ ptfk6\l6 a;]sf] dflg;
;fob tldn lyof], p;n] eGof] .
ærfnL; lsnf]ld6/ klg lxFl8Psf] 5}g ==== .Æ d}n] g]6df x]/]/ eg]F .
æg]kfndf
e"sDkn] slt Iflt u¥of] lg < 7"n} kf] cfP5 t, xlu <Æ d/f7Ln]
;f]Wof] .
æ7"n} xf] .
t/ xfd|flt/ Iflt vf;} ePg . dWo / klZrdL g]kfndf 7"nf] gf]S;fg u/]sf]
lyof] .Æ d}n] eg]F . dnfO{ nfUof], logLx¿ axQ/ ;fnsf] dxfe"sDksf] s'/f
ub{} 5g\ . To; e"sDkn] dWo g]kfndf a9L Iflt u/]sf] lyof] . k"jL{ /
klZrdL g]kfndf sd} Iflt ePsf] lyof] .
æklZrdL g]kfn /
otf pQ/fv08df a9L wSsf dx;'; eof] Sof/ . dfgjLo Iflt g]kfnk6\l6 a9L eof] .Æ
p;n] eGof] . axQ/ ;fndf t klZrdL g]kfndf eGbf w]/} a9L Iflt dWo g]kfndf ePsf]
lyof] . g]kfnsf] af/]df rf;f] /fVg] o; ef/tLodf p;a]nfsf] 36gfsf] af/]df 7Ls7Ls
hfgsf/L x'g}k5{ eGg] klg s] 5 / .
æcF . xf] .Æ d}n]
;dy{g hgfOlbPF .
g]kfndf ev{/}
e"sDk uPsf] va/sf] s'/f u/]sf] /x]5 p;n] . d otf k"/} a]va/ . o;f]
OG6/g]6df g]kfnsf kqklqsf x]g{] u/]sf] eP klg x'g] lg . g]kfnaf6 cfPsf]
dflg;af6 ;xL;To ;dfrf/ kfpg] nfn;fn] p;n] dl;t To; ljifodf af]Ng rfx]sf] /x]5,
d}n] ljifofGt/ x'g rfx]F, k'/fgf] k|;ª\u 7fg]/ .
o;}]a]nf d]/f] kmf]gdf d];]h cfof], ætkfO{Fsf] l6s6 sGkmd{ ePsf] 5}g .Æ
t'?Gt} ptf clnu9af6 d"nrGb| tf]d/sf] kmf]g cfof]– æd];]h ldnf <
cfknf]uf]+ sf l6s6 sGkmd{ gxLF x'cf . s}lG;n x'cf . nf]sn l6s6 n]nf] .Æ
ca kl/of] km;fb . 6«]gdf rl9Psf] lyof] . ;xL l8Aafsf] ;xL l;6df k'u]/
cf/fd;Fu al;/x]sf] a]nf o:tf] d];]h cfof] . sGkmd{ gePsf] l6s6 af]s]/ ofqf ubf{
;hfodf kl/g]jfnf lyof] . t/ hl/afgf ltb{} ofqf ug'{ g t ;'vs/ x'G5, g ;Ddfghgs
. cufl8 kfsfnf eGg] ;fgf] :6];g lyof] . ca 5nkmn ug{] ;do lyPg . d}n]
;a}hgfnfO{ eg]F– æcasf] :6];gdf pqf}F . csf{] 6«]g kqmg'kg{] ef] . o; 6«]gsf
nflu sf6]sf] l6s6 sGkmd{ ePsf] 5}g /x]5 . kmFl;of] .Æ
bfh' / efph" klg rlst x'g'eof] . ;Ltf ugug ug{ yflng\– æhlxNo} Ps
g Ps yf]s ePs} x'G5 .Æ
æof] s'g} 7"nf] ;d:of xf]Og . ca Ps ;o tL; lsnf]ld6/hlt dfq 5 .
h]g/n l8Aafdf r9]/ hfg ;lsxflnG5 lg olt yf]/} af6f] t . s]sf] 6]G;g <Æ d}n]
9f8; lbOx]/]F .
d"nrGb|sf] kmf]g km]l/ cfof] . pgn] ;f]w]– æ6«]g rl9;Sg'eof] ls
s;f] <Æ
æcl3 g} r9]sf lg . ca nf]sn l6s6 lng klg ;do 5}g . of] 6«]g sxLF klg
nfdf] ;do /f]St}g /x]5 . xfdL o;nfO{ 5f8\g] ePsf 5f}F . ca cfpg] :6];gdf
cf]n{g] / 6L6LO{n] ;dfltxfn]df s] ePsf] xf] atfP/ csf{] 6«]g kqmg] . c¿ s] ug{
;lsG5 / <Æ
æ7Ls} xf] . To;} ug'{xf]nf .Æ d"nrGb| efOn] eg] .
kfsfnf :6];g cfOk'Uof] . 6«]g /f]lsgsf nflu l9nf] ug{ yfNof] . hlt;'s}
clgR5f eP klg xfdL pqg] ;'/;f/ ug{ yfNof}F . c¿ ofq'x¿n] xfd|f] l:yltdf r'sr's
u/], s] ug{ ;lsGYof] / < cfkm\gf emf]nfem\ofD6f Rofk]/ em'G8ØfpFb} xfdL xtf/xtf/
cf]ln{OxfNof}F .
3fd rs{g nfu]sf] lyof] . /]nj] Kn]6kmfd{df ylst–rlst eP/ cfkm"
cfPsf] 6«]g uPsf] b[Zo x]/]/ a:of}F . kfFr ldg]6 cl3;Dd Tof] 6«]g ‘xfd|f]’
lyof], ca 5f8]/ uof] .
ca s;f] ug'{ 7Ls x'G5, ;Nnfx dfUg d l6s6 sfpG6/df k'u]F . l6s6 sfpG6/df
l6s6 sf6\g]x¿sf] eL8 lyPg . s]xL ldg]6;Dd b'O{rf/ dflg; lyP, tL klg cfkm\gf]
sfd ;sL lxFl8xfn] .
d}n] cfkm\gf] l6s6 b]vfPF / p;nfO{ s] ug'{ 7Ls x'G5 ;f]w]F . l6s6
sGkmd{ gePsf] d];]h cfPsf] s'/f klg eg]F .
æ6«]g t ev{/} uof] . ca s] ug{ ;lsG5 / <Æ p;n] eGof] .
æxfdL lt?kltb]lv To;}df cfPsf . ;xL l8Aafdf . ;xL l;6df . t/ o:tf]
d];]h cfof] clg ===.Æ
æclg lsg cf]n{]sf] t < hfg'kYof{] .Æ p;n] eGof] .
æca 5fl8xflnof] . s] ug{ ;lsG5 / <Æ
p;n] c¿ klg sd{rf/Lsf] ;Nnfx lnof] / eGof]– æTo;}df hfg'kYof{] .
6L6LO{nfO{ eg]/ . hl/afgf t nfUYof] t/ hfg kfOGYof] . tkfO{F;Fu lk|G6 ePsf]
l6s6 5Fb} /x]5 . hl/afgf lt/]/ eP klg hfg'kYof]{ . l;6rflxF gkfOg] x'GYof]
xf]nf, TolQ .Æ
æxfdL ko{6s xf}F . hl/afgf ltg'{ zf]egLo xF'b}g . Tof] ;Ddfghgs klg
x'Fb}g . a? b'Mv em]N5f}F, hl/afgf / ;hfoF em]Ng' 7Ls xf]Og .Æ d}n] :ki6 eg]F .
æo;nfO{ elgG5 Odfgbf/L . ;xL Kof;]Gh/sf] rl/q . t/ cgfjZos b'Mv
kfpg'x'g] ef] lg ÛÆ pm xfF:of] .
æTof] t xf], t/ xfd|f] uNtL 5}g o;df . nfkaf{xL jf sdhf]/L klg 5}g .
ef/tLo /]nj] ;]jf slt cljZj;gLo 5 o;n] b]vfpF5 . xfdLnfO{ t s] 5 / csf{]kN6
ef/t ofqf ug'{k/]df b'O{rf/kN6 ;f]R5f}F, olQ xf] .Æ
æsxfFaf6 cfpg'ef lg < OlG8og g} b]lvg'x'G5 t ÛÆ
æxfdL g]kfnL xf}F . xfd|f 5f]/Lx¿ cd]l/sfdf 5g\ . ‘hlxNo} OlG8of
3'Dg'x'G5, otf klg 3'Dg cfpg] af/]df ;f]Rgf];\ g’, 5f]/Lx¿ eGb} lyP . pgLx¿sf] cfu|x To;} nTofP/ otf tLy{ofqfdf
lg:s]sf . b'Mv kfOg] eOof], kmFl;of] gdHhfn], oxfF cfP/ . ca s;nfO{ s] eGg]
<Æ
csf{] sd{rf/L pleP/ xfd|f s'/fdf rfv lbP/ ;'Gb} lyof], p;n] eGof]– æca
o;f] ugf{];\ . Ps ah] csf{] 6«]g cfpF5 . Tof] ;'k/kmf:6 xf] . To;df r9]/
hfgf];\ . tkfO{Fx¿sf] ;do w]/} gfz x'Fb}g . hDdfhDdL b'O{ 306fdfq v]/ hfG5 .Æ
æTo;eGbf cufl8 csf{] 6«]g 5}g / < rf/–rf/ 306f oxfF s] u/]/ a:g]
xfdL <Æ
æcsf{] 6«]g t 5}g . ToxL xf] ca cfpg] . a:g}k¥of] . s] eGg] / ca . a?
aLrdf vfglkg ugf{];\ . otf cfP/ cf/fd ugf{];\ . c¿ s] ug{] / <Æ p;n] ofq'
lj>fdfnolt/ Oª\lut ub}{ eGof] .
æof] l6s6 <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
æPh]G6nfO{ eg]/ k};f lkmtf{ dfUgf];\ . P]n]sf nflu oxfFaf6 h]g/nsf]
l6s6 sf6]/ hfg'xf];\ .Æ
æTo;f]eP h]g/nsf] l6s6 lbg'xf];\ g t .Æ
æclxn] ldNb}g . e/] 6«]g cfpg] a]nfdf sf6\g'xf];\ .Æ p;n] eGof] .
clg d 6f]nLsf c¿ ;b:onfO{ lng ptf b'O{ gDa/ Kn]6kmd{df uPF . ;a} kl/j]z
;'g;fg lyof] . olt km/flsnf /]nj] Kn]6kmd{df Ps hgf klg dflg; lyPg . ;a} hgf
emf]nf cflb af]s]/ l6s6 sfpG6/df cfof}F . ofq' k|tLIffnodf ePsf s';L{x¿df a:of}F
.
kfsfnf ;fgf] ahf/ xf] . lt?kltaf6 of] nueu k}FtfnL; lsnf]ld6/ blIf0f–klZrddf
k5{ . of] :yfg >Llgjf; lyP6/sf sf/0f cfGw|k|b]zdf lrlgG5 . o;}u/L /fds[i0f
lyP6/ klg rlr{t 5 oxfFsf] . ;fdflhs ultljlwx¿ d'Votf b|f}kbL dlGb/, ;'a|x\d0od\
dlGb/, PsDa/]Zj/ lzjfno, s[i0fdlGb/ / kb\dfjtL cDdfjf/L dlGb/sf ultljlwx¿ x'g\
. oxfF ksfnf gu/ cbfnt klg 5 . t/ oxfFsf] ;a}eGbf d'Vo cfsif{0frflxF ksfnf tfn
xf] . oxfF t]n'u' efiffdfq af]lnFbf] /x]5 . lxGbL / cª\u|]hL hfGg] dfG5] t
/]nj] :6];gsf sd{rf/L dfq e]l6P . ptf :s'n / sn]h klg 5g\, ltgdf k'u]sf] eP
pb{", lxGbL / cª\u|]hL efiff hfGg] dfG5] kSs} e]l6g] lyof] xf]nf, xfdL
uPgf}F .
æca rf/–rf/ 306f ljgfsfd s;/L a:g] < xfdL ahf/lt/ 3'Dg hfcf}F . pt}
h] vfg kfOG5 vfcf}F .Æ d}n] bfh'nfO{ eg]F .
æxfdLnfO{ rflxF lrp/f / s]/f NofOlbg" . oxLF a:5f}F . emf]nf ?Fu]/
.Æ efph"n] ;Ltf;Fu ;Nnfx u/]/ eGg'eof] .
æx'G5 . bxL kfOof] eg] Tof] klg NofpFnf g .Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
xfdL ahf/lt/ nfUof}F . udL{ Hofbf x'gfn] k/k/ hfg ;Sg] s'/f lyPg .
:6];gg]/sf] ahf/dfq 3'Dof}F . ;fgf] ahf/ / af6f] Psbd ;fFu'/f] x'gfn] Pp6f
df]6/ cfpFbf klg d'l:sn kg{] vfnsf] . 7fpF clns ;'Vvf nfUof] . ;d'b|;txaf6 of]
:yfg w]/} cUnf]rflxF xf]Og . udL{ / cf]l;nf]kgaf6 cg'dfg u/]F, of] :yfg rf/ ;o
ld6/eGbf cUnf] xf]Og .
bfh' / d ;Ltf / efph"sf nflu lrp/fsf] vf]hL ug{ yfNof}F . sxLF
kfOPg . t]n'u' efiffdf lrp/fnfO{ s] elgG5 eGg] xfdL ghfGg] clg cª\u|]hL zAb
la6]g /fO;, lxGbL zAb kf]xf, aª\ufnL
lrj8f / d}lynL r'8f logLx¿ ga'em\g] . cg]s lsl;dn] a'emfpg vf]Hof}F . lgs}j6f
ls/fgf k;n rfxf¥of}F . kf/ nfu]g .
cGTodf bfh'n] h'lSt lgsfNg'eof]– æo;f] u/f}F, OG6/g]6df lrp/fsf]
kmf]6f] vf]hf}F / b]vfcf}F .Æ
xf] t lg, oltsf a]/ a]sf/df kf/ gnfUg] sf]l;; ul//fv]sf . hlt O;f/f u/]
klg pgLx¿ vfln rfdn dfq a'em\y] . clg d}n] g]6df vf]h]F . lrq klg /fd|f] / :ki6
e]l6of] . Tof] b]vfP/ Pp6f ls/fgf k;NgLnfO{ b]vfPsf] t ltgL v';L eOg\ . ltgn]
lrp/fsf] Pp6f cfwf s]hLsf] kf]sf] lgsflng\ / xfdLnfO{ lbOg\ .
æk};f <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F .
ltgn] O;f/fn] elgg\– ærfnL; ?lkofF .Æ
kNnf] k;nsf] dflg; ToxfF cfof] . p;n] xfdLnfO{ x]/]/ eGof]– æg]kfn . g]kfn
.Æ
æo]; .
d}n] eg]F . bfh'n] nfpg'ePsf]
9fsf 6f]kL lrg]/ p;n] eg]sf] /x]5 . p;n] xftn] cf}FNofpFb} bfh'sf] 6f]kL
b]vfof] . d}n] nfPsf] sfnf] 6f]kLnfO{
;fob d';ndfgsf] 6f]kL eG7fg] xf]nfg\ . d}n] To; dflg;;Fu af]Ng vf]h]F . t/ To;
dflg;nfO{ lxGbL jf cª\u|]hL Ps hft cfpFbf] /x]g5, s;/L af]Ng' <
lrp/f kfPkl5 7"nf] o'4 lht]h:tf] eof] . ca s;/L ;fdfg lsGg] xf]
tl/sf kQf nfu]sf] lyof] . b; sf];f s]/f, cfwf ln6/ bxL cflb lsg]/ xfdL gofF
kl/l:ylt;Fu ;fdgf ug{ tof/ eof}F .
æcfh O8nL vfcf}F . tkfO{FnfO{ ;Grf]
klg u5{ .Æ d}n] bfh'nfO{ eg]F .
æuha .Æ bfh'n] d':sfpFb} ;dy{g hgfpg'eof] . clg clnslt klt{/sf] Pp6f
;fgf] xf]6]ndf k:of}F . tftf O8nL tof/ eO/x]sf lyP . xfdLn] c8{/ ul/xfNof}F .
t/ k;n]n] cs}{ dflg;nfO{ ePe/sf ;a} O8nL lbP/ k7fof] . d}n] O;f/fn] ;f]w]F–
æxfdLnfO{ v} t <Æ
p;n] O;f/fn] eGof]– ækv{gf];\ . kfnf] cfpF5 .Æ
p;n] csf{] Ps hgf dfG5]nfO{ b]vfP/ O;f/f u¥of] . klxn] pM Tof] dfG5]sf]
kfnf] clg tkfO{Fx¿sf] .Æ
>Ldfg\–>LdtL ldn]/ Tof] xf]6n rnfPsf /x]5g\ . dflg;sf] cfphfp
k|z:t x'Fbf] /x]5 . ltgnfO{ sfdsf] rfkfrfk x'Fbf] /x]5 .
xfd|f] kfnf] cfof] . dhf;Fu O8nL–;Daf/ vfof}F . efph"nfO{ nfu]sf]
lyof] bfh'n] r]GgO{df laxfgsf] vfgf vfFbf gl/jnsf] crf/ Hofbf vfPsf] kl/0ffd
xf] 8fol/of . efph"n] Tolt w]/}
gvfg eGbfeGb} dL7f] nfu]sfn] bfh' / d}n] v'a vfPsf lyof}F . dnfO{ t s]xL ePg,
;a kRof], t/ bfh'nfO{ Psbd la;Gr u¥of] . To; lbg r]GgO{sf] xf]6njfnf xfdLn]
:jfb dfgLdfgL vfPsf] 5Ss k/]/ x]l//x]sf] lyof] . To;}sf] 8/n] oxfFrflxF bfh'n]
gl/jnsf] r6gL clns sd vfg'eof] . d}n] klg bfh';Fu ;f/ ldnfpgsf nflu sd} vfPF .
æslt k};f eof] <Æ bfh'n] O;f/f u/]/ ;f]Wg'eof] .
æk}FtfnL; ?lkofF .Æ xf]6njfnfn] cf}Fnf b]vfP/ eGof] .
æxfdL b'O{ hgfsf] hDdf slt xf] lg <Æ bfh'n] km]l/ O;f/f u/]/
eGg'eof] .
æb'O{ hgfsf] hDdf k}FtfnL; ?lkofF .Æ p;n] km]l/ O;f/f u¥of] .
xfdLnfO{ nfUof], b'O{ hgfsf] k}FtfnL;–k}FtfnL; eg]sf] xf] . bfh'n] ;o
?lkofFsf] gf]6 lbg'eof] . p;n] krkGg ?lkofF kmsf{of] . olt ;:tf] vfgf gvfPsf]
Ps h'u ePsf] lyof] . Ps hgfsf] ;f9] afO; ?lkofFdfq .
æslt ;:tf] < o:t} vfgf xfdLn] lt?lr/fkNnLdf Tolt dxFuf]df vfg'k/]sf]
lyof] ÛÆ bfh'n] k};f lkmtf{ kfPkl5 xfd|f ;fdfg af]St} eGg'eof] .
k;ncufl8 g]kfndf h:t} u/L s]/f em'G8\ofPsf x'Gy], O;f/fn] b]vfof], k};f
klg O;f/fn] ;f]Wof], pgLx¿ O;f/fd} atfpFy], s'/f ldlnxfNYof] . bxL lsGgrflxF
sxLF vf;} sl7g k/]sf] lyPg . a'em\y] cª\u|]hL zAb ‘s8{’ hxfF klg .
d}n] s]/f / lrp/fsf] emf]nf dfu]/ af]s]F, bfh'n] bxLsf] emf]nf . b'j}
efO k|tLIffnodf uof}F .
æs] xf] rfnf < lsg oltsf a]/ nfPsf] < kv{Fbf–kv{Fbf===.Æ ;Ltfn]
elgg\ .
æToxfF Ps 7fpFdf ;/fb rNb} /x]5 . ;/fb vfg] lgDtf kfOof] . vfP/ cfpFbf
l9nf] eof] .Æ d}n] xfF:t} eg]F .
efph"n] s'/f a'em\g'ePg5, ;LtfnfO{ O;f/fn] ;f]Wg'eof]– ælogLx¿n]
sxfF ;/fb vfg kfP cfh <Æ
æxf]6ndf vfgf vfPsf] eGg'x'G5 lg .Æ ;Ltf xfFl;g\ .
æs:tf] dfof u/]/ af]nfP, cfpgf];\ cfpgf];\, c3fpFhL vfP/ hfgf];\ .
dL7f] 5 . ;kmf / z'4 5 . tftf] / tfhf 5 . olt eg]kl5 uP/ vfOlbg'k/]g . t/ oxfF
6k/Ldf x}g s]/fsf] kftdf vfg lbFbf /x]5g\ . ;/fb ug{] k'/]trflxF b]lvPg .Æ d}n]
eg]F . bfh' / efph" xfF:g'eof] . d}n] k6sk6s eGg] u/]sf] k'/fgf] hf]s
k/]sfn] ;LtfnfO{ xfF;f] p7]g .
clg ;Ltf / efph"nfO{ bxL, lrp/f / s]/f lbof}F . lrp/f lsGbf ePsf]
syf klg atfof}F . /dfOnf] eof] . aNnaNn afx| aHof] . /]nj] l6s6sf] sfpG6/
v'Nof] . clusf] sd{rf/L cfPsf] /x]5 .
p;n] dnfO{ s/fP/ af]nfof] . clg l6s6 lbof] . rf/} hgfsf] . h]g/nsf] .
clg Ps ah] 6]«]g cfof] . xfdL wd{j/d\;Dd To;df ;xh} uof}F . clns j/}
cf]ln{Psf] eP klg x'g] /x]5, sflb/Ld} . sflb/Laf6 wd{j/d\ k'Ug} 6«]gn] emGg}
8]9 306f nfOlbof] . cfwf af6f] pleg'k/]/ aNn l;6 e]6]sf xfdLn] 6«]gaf6 cf]n{g
dg u/]gf}F, wd{j/d\;Ddsf] l6s6 5Fb} lyof] . pt}af6 kfFr;ft lsnf]ld6/ eP klg
5f]6f] k5{ eGg] nfUof] .
!*= k'§ktL{
wd{j/d\ M cfGw|k|b]zsf
7"nf /]nj] hÍ;g ePsf ;x/dWo] wd{j/d\ kfFrf}F xf] . :6];gdf kfFr Knf6kmd{
5g\ . oxfF x]g'{kg]{ s'/fx¿dWo] /fhb/af/ -/fgLdxn;lxt_, ;fO{afaf dlGb/ -wd{j/d\
tfng]/_ / wd{j/d\ tfn d'Vo x'g\ . oLafx]s a}Í6]Zj/ dlGb/ sf]7k]6f, hfldof dl:hb
/ b/ufx, ;fpy OlG8og o'gfO6]8 rr{ klg nf]slk|o ko{6g:yn x'g\ .
k|s[ltk|]dLx¿rflxF uf]6n'/ tfn, ck/f r]?j', /j'nf r]?j', /]uf6LkNnL tfn,
/fd'nfj/L tfn klg x]g{ k'U5g\ . otf sd kfgL kg]{ ePsfn] 7"nf7"nf 6ØfÍ
agfOPsf x'g\ . oL ;a} tfn s[lqd x'g\ .
d}n] wd{j/d\sf] af/]df oxfF cfpg'cl3 oL hfgsf/L a6'n]sf] lyPF . t/ logLx¿dWo]
s'g} klg :yfgsf] e|d0fsf] of]hgf lyPg xfd|f] . ;a} 7fpFdf k'Ug ;lsFb}g, k'u]sf
7fpFdf ;a}lt/ 3'Dg klg t ;lsFb}g . d}n] ;'g;/Ls} klg slt ufpF k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g,
O6x/Ldf a;]sf] c6\7fO; jif{ ef] eg]/ ef] <
/]nj] :6];gaf6 c6f] kqm]/ a; :6]G8 clg a; :6]G8af6 a; r9]/ k'6\6ktL{
k'luxfNof}F . ;fO{afafsf] hGdynf] . ljZjk|l;4 k|zflGt lgnod\ k'Ubf a]n'sfsf]
emGg} kfFr ah]sf] lyof] .
k'§kt© ;x/ cfGWf|k|b]zsf] cgGtk'/ lhNnfdf kb{5 . oxfFsf] /]nj] :6];g
ef/tsf ;a} d'Vo ;x/;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . klxn] o; 7fpFnfO{ uf]NnkNnL elgGYof] . of]
:yfg lrqfjtL gbLsf] t6df 5 . lrqfjtL gbL k]Ggf gbLsf] ;xfos gbL xf] . lrqfjtL gbLdf
afFlwPsf] afFwn] ljzfn tfn ag]sf] 5 . sf]6r]?j' ahf/glhs /x]sf] o; tfnsf] gfd
a'Ssktgd\ xf] . of] kfFr lsnf]ld6/hlt nfdf] / 8]9 lsnf]ld6/hlt rf}8f 5 .
k'§kt© zAbsf] cy{ wld/fsf l9:sfsf] ufpF eGg] x'G5 . s'g} uf]7fnfn] Pp6f
uf]dg ;k{nfO{ lxsf{P5, l/;n] To; ;k{n] dflg;nfO{ ;/fk]5 . ;/fksf sf/0f ufpFel/
wld/f km}lnP5g\, ufpF g} wld/fsf u'F8n] el/P5 .
oxfFsf] d'Vo efiff t]n'u' xf] . oxfFsf] hg;ª\Vof nueu ;f7L xhf/ 5 . of]
:yfg jif}{el/ ud© / ;'Svf /xG5 . oxfF hfg'cl3 ;To ;fO{sf] hLjgL, ;fO{
k|lti7fgx¿ s] ub}{ 5g\, g]kfndf ;fO{eÏ / ;fO{ k|lti7fg sxfFsxfF 5g\ cflb hfg]/
hfg ;lsof] eg] yk pknlAw x'g] 7fG5' d . cfkm\g} ;x/sf] ;fO{ dlGb/ uO{
;"rgf lng' klg a]; xf]nf . d}n] rflxF OG6/g]6df vf]h]/ cfjZos ;"rgf
a6'n]F . o'6\o'adf o; :yfgsf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] lel8of]x¿ k|z:t /x]5g\ . v';L
nfUof] .
k'§kt© cfOk'u]kl5 ;a}eGbf klxn] tkfO{Fsf cfFvf oxfFsf] ;'k/ :k]l;ofln6L
c:ktfndf kg]{5g\ . of] !((! df ag]sf] xf] . oxfF hl6n k|sf/sf sfl8{ofs, cyf]{,
cˆyflNds, o'/f]nhL / Knfl:6s ;h{/L k"0f{ lgMz'Ns ¿kdf ul/G5 . oxfFsf]
/]nj] :6];g aGg'eGbf rf/ jif{klxNo} cyf{t\ !((! d} oxfF xjfOd}bfg klg ag]sf] 5
. o]g'dNnfkNnL rf}af6f] s6\tf ha u0f]zsf] ljzfn d"¨t b]Vg'x'G5, ljBflu/L
/f]8 ;'? x'G5 . o; ;8ssf] b'j}tkm{ cg]s z}lÔs k|lti7fg 5g\ . clg !(&% df
eujfg\ ;To;fO{n] ;'? ug'{ePsf] uf]s'nd\ 5 . oxfF ;of}F b"w lbO/x]sf / c´
a9L yf/f ufO{a:t' 5g\ . tkfO{Fn] rfxg'ePdf ToxfF uP/ uf};]jf ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 .
clg c´ cl3 a9]kl5 tkfO{Fn] ;ËLt dxfljBfno b]Vg'x'g]5 . of] dxfljBfno tLyf{6gdf
cfpg] jf ko{6ssf nflu xf]Og, t}klg oxfFsf] ;fËLlts jftfj/0f dgdf]xs x'g] g} 5
tkfO{Fsf nflu klg . xfdL uf]s'nd\ k'Ubf
Tof] ko{6ssf nflu aGb ePsf] ;do k/]5 . xfdL ufO{x¿ gb]vL kv{g afWo eof}F .
k'§ktL{df x]g'{kg]{ :yfgx¿ M r}tGoHof]lt Do'lhod, r}tGo Hof]lt, j6j[Ô,
;To ;fO{ :k]; lyP6/, k'§kt© d'Vo k|j]zåf/, ;fO{ s'njGt xn, Do'lhs sn]h, lzj
bz{g cf6{ Uofn/L, ;To;fO{ afaf dxf;dflw, ;To;fO{ :kf]6{; ;]G6/, u0f]z dlGb/,
;To;fO{ o'lgel;{6L, sNkj[Ô, ;To;fO{ xf]:6]n km/ AjfOh, >LdtL O{Zj/fDdf xfo/
;]s]G8/L :s'n, blÔ0fd"¨t, lxn Eo" :6]l8od, ;fO{afaf hGd:ynL,
xg'dfgsf] d"¨t -^% lkm6 cUnf]_ .
xfdLnfO{ a;n] k'6\6ktL{sf] d'Vo k|j]zåf/g]/ ptfl/lbof] . ;Ltf /
efph"nfO{ emf]nfx¿ ?FUg nufP/ bfh' / d}n] ;f]em} uP/ sf]7f a's ug{ rfx\of}F .
æho ;fO{/fd ÛÆ u]6sf ;'/IffsdL{n] xfdLnfO{ clejfbg ub{} eg] . ;fdfGo
;'/Iff hfFrsf] k|lqmof k'¥ofP/ xfdL leq uof}F .
æho ;fO{/fd Û xfdL b'O{ lbgsf nflu oxLF a:g rfxG5f}F .Æ d}n] eg]F .
OG6/g]6df lbOPsf] hfgsf/Lcg';f/ oxfFsf xf]6nx¿df a:g'eGbf ;fO{s]Gb|sf
eStlgjf;df a:g' w]/} hftL x'G5 .
æho ;fO{/fd Û sf]7f t vfnL 5}gg\ cfhsf nflu . 8ld6«Ldf a:g] eP
ToxfFrflxF a]8 5g\ .Æ
æ8ld6«Ld} eP klg a:g kfP k'Uof] . b'O{ lbgsf nflu .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æcfO{8L k|'km <Æ
d}n] ;a}sf gful/stfsf k|df0fkq b]vfPF . b'O{ /ftsf nflu hgfsf] c;L
?lkofFsf b/n] /sd a'emfof}F . pgn]
:jod\;]jLn] xfdLnfO{ ;f]w]– æo;cl3 sltk6s cfpg'ePsf] 5 oxfF <Æ
æklxnf] kN6 xf] of] . xfdL ptf l;/8Lsf] ;fO{ wfddf Ps /ft a;]sf 5f}F,
TolQ .Æ d}n] eg]F .
pgn] eg] oxfF a:g'kbf{ s]xL lgod s8fOsf ;fy kfng ug'{k5{ . ;'Ggf];\ M
!= of]
tLy{:yn ePsfn] oxfF /S;L vfg kfOFb}g .
@= r'/f]6dfq xf]Og, oxfF ;a}vfn] ;'tL{
lgif]w 5 .
#= oxfF s'g} klg lsl;dsf] xltof/ af]s]/
lxF8\g kfOFb}g .
$= o; kl/;/sf
s'g} klg :yfg, ejg jf JolStsf] s'g} klg ;fwgåf/f kmf]6f] lvRg, lel8of] lng jf
cl8of] /]s8{ ug{ kfOFb}g . kmf]gsf] k|of]u s'/fsfgL ug{df ;Lldt ug'{xf]nf .
%= oxfF 7"nf] :j/n] s'/fsfgL ug{
ldNb}g .
^= oxfF xfkm
KofG6, 5f]6f] :s6{ jf To:tf s'g} vfnsf 5f]6f n'uf nufP/ lxF8\g kfOFb}g .
xftkfv'/f / uf]8f 7Ls;Fu 5f]lkg] n'uf nufpg'xf]nf . :yfgLo ;+:s[lt / kl/wfgsf]
;Ddfg ug'{xf]nf .
&= sltko
:yfgdf oxfFx¿nfO{ k|j]z lgif]w ul/Psf] x'G5 . ;"rgfx¿ :yfgLo efiff /
cª\u|]hLdf lbOPsf] x'G5 . Vofn ug'{xf]nf . oL lgodx¿ kfng ug{df c6]/ jf
nfkaf{xL ug{]nfO{ s'g} klg a]nf aflx/ hfg cg'/f]w ug{ ;lsg]5 . gdfg]df
;'/IffsdL{n] an k|of]u u/]/ ;d]t labf ug{ ;Sg]5g\ .
xfdL aflx/ lg:Sof}F . emf]nfemfD6f le/]/ rf/} hgf leq k:of}F . ;'/Iff
hfFr km]l/ klg ul/of] . leq ;kmf, zfGt, ;'Gb/ / a8f] cfWoflTds jftfj/0f /x]5 .
b]Vgf;fy ;a} dflg; cfkmGth:tf nfu], ;a} dflg; c;n / ;xof]uL 5g\ eGg] nfu] .
ha 8ld6«Ldf k'Uof}F . ;Ltf t o:tf] xndf ;'Tg ;lsFb}g eGg kf] yflng\ .
æhfcf}F . aflx/ xf]6ndf a;f}F . oxfF a:g ;lsFb}g . sxfF ;'Tg ;lsG5 o:tf
7fpFdf < d t PsemKsf] klg lgbfpg
;lStgF . hfcf}F . lgl:sxfnf}F .Æ ;Ltf eGg yflng\ .
æoxL cg'ej a6'Ng xfdL Tolt 6f9faf6 cfPsf . hLjgdf cg]s vfnsf 7fpFdf jf;
a:g'k5{ . hLjg eg]s} cg'ejsf] ;Fufnf] g xf] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æo:tf cg'ej rflxPg . gkfPsf] b'Mv vf]h]/ ef]Ug] xf] / <Æ pgL b'MvL
lyOg\ . t/ d}n] dflggF . cfhsf] /ft oxLF sf6f}F . /ftdf ;'tfO k/]g eg]
ef]lnrflxF csf{] 7fpFdf vf]hf}Fnf . oxfF cfh sf]7fsf nflu ;f]wvf]h u/]s} xf],
kfOPg / kf] t Û d}n] bfh'af6 ;fy;dy{gsf]
cfzf ub{} eg]F .
æcfhsf nflu sf]7f vfnL 5}g eGof] .Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
æoxfF geP s] ef] / < aflx/ xf]6n 5g\ lg Û Tof] c6f]jfnf elg/x]sf]
lyof] . k'¥ofOlbG5' eg]/ . lsg kfOFb}g sf]7f <Æ ;Ltf d]/f] lg0f{odf lrQ
a'emfO/x]sL lyOgg\ . pgL xf]6nd} a:g rfxlGyg\ . drflxF k|zflGt lgnod\sf] o;
tLy{:ynsf] a;fOnfO{ cg'kd cg'ej dfGg] ePsfn] cfkm\gf] lg0f{odf 6;sf] d; eOgF .
xfdLnfO{ 8ld6«Ldf Ps–Ps vl6of ldNof] . vl6of klg s] eGg], oL 8an 8]s/
kmnfd] a]8 lyP . kf}g] gf} ah] cfP/ ToxfFsf] /vaf/L ug{] dfG5]n] s8f pbL{
;'gfof]– ægf} ah]kl5 df]afOn aGb . ehg ;'Gg, ukm ug{, aQL afNg, cfjfh lgsfNg,
s]xL ug{ kfOFb}g . /flt lb;flk;fa ug'{k/] s'g} cfjfh glgsfnL la:tf/} ptf
hfg" .Æ
p;n] 9f]sfaf6} rkL{ b]vfof] . s]xL dfG5] kmf]gdf s'/f ub{} lyP . sf]xL
rflxF df]afOndf lel8of] x]b{} lyP . sf]xL cfjfh glgsfnL df]afOndf s]xL
x]l//x]sf lyP . Psb'O{ hgf cfk;df ;fptL ub{} lyP . tL ;asf] cfjfh / pHofnf]
Ps;fy ufoa eof] .
æcfhsf] /ft oltsf dfG5]sf aLr klg zflGtk"j{s ;'Tg kfOg] eof] . t/
dnfO{ kf] cfkt\ x'g] eof] . afx| gahL pF3 klg nfUb}g .Æ d}n] dgdg} eg]F . /flt
ca]/;Dd a:g] d]/f] afgL, d'l:sn kg{] eof] . slxn]sfxLF t d b'O{–;f9] b'O{
ah];Dd sDKo'6/df s]s] sfd ul//xG5' . ;'Tg] ;do l9nf] / p7\g] ;do klg l9nf]
x'g]n] oxfFrflxF b'Mv kfpg] /x]5 .
ælaxfg rf/ ah]kl5 g'xfOw'jfOsf nflu tftf] / lr;f] kfgL ldN5 . 5 ah]kl5
tftf] kfgL aGb x'G5 . ;a}n] afy?ddf g'xfpg" . afy?ddf lk;fa gkm]g"{ .
s;}n] s'g} lsl;dsf] xf]xNnf, ukmufkm jf cfjfh u¥of] eg] c¿n] s]xL gegL dsxfF
cfpg" . tTsfn d aflx/ lgsflnlbG5' To;nfO{ . of] rf/ ;o hgf ;'Tg] xn xf] .
Ps hgfn] l8:6a{ u¥of] eg] slt dfG5]sf] lgb|f layf]lnG5 < gf} ah]b]lv rf/
ah];Dd cfgGbn] lgbfpg] ;do xf] . s'/f a'em\g'eof] xf]nf .Æ p;n] s8f / :ki6
zAbdf lgb{]zg lbof] . dnfO{ km]l/ cfkt\ eof], rf/} ah]b]lv xf]xNnf x'g] /x]5,
d]/f] lgb|f layf]Ng Ps hgfsf] rndn sfkmL x'G5, oltsf dfG5]n] lgsfNg] cfjfh t d
dl/xfn]df ;d]t lapFemfpg kof{Kt x'G5 .
æcfkm\gf ;fdfg ;a}n] cfnld/fdf /fv]/ tfnf nufpg'xf]nf . s;}nfO{ s]xL
k/]df r'krfk lg:s]/ otf clkm;df cfpg'xf]nf . xfdL /fte/ hfu} /xG5f}F . ef]ln
laxfg 5 ah] lrofgf:tfsf nflu s'kg kfOg]5 . ;ft ah]leqdf vfO;Sg'xf]nf . ;ft
ah]b]lv ptf ehgsLt{gsf] ;do xf] . afx| ah];Dd sLt{g x'g]5 clg bf]kx/sf] vfgf .
To;kl5 dg nfu]sf] sfds'/f ug'{xf]nf . Æ nf} t ca ;'Tgf];\ .Æ olt eg]/ pm ptf
clkm;lt/ nfUof] .
Tof] /ft rf/} hgf 8ld6«Ld} ;'Tof}F .
gf]e]Da/ !!, @)@# ;QfO;f}F lbg,
eStlgjf;, k|zflGt lgnod\
laxfg x]5'{ t ;Ltfsf cfFvf 8Dd ;'lGgPsf /x]5g\ .
ælgs} /fd|L b]lvO/x]sL 5f} . cfFvflt/sf rfp/L Ps} /ftdf ufoa Û
eujfg\l;t oxL dfu]sL lyof} ls s;f] <Æ d}n] ;Ltfsf cfFvf ;'lGgPsf] b]v]/
xfF;f] u/]F . dgdf lrGtf eof], s] eP/ ;'lGgPsf x'g\ .
æ/fte/ ;'t]sf] eP kf] Û lemldSs ug{ kfOPg . clncln emsfpg yfNof], Pp6f
p7]/ ;/s–;/s cfjfh lgsfNb} rkL{ hfG5 . clg s]xLa]/kl5 km]l/ emsfpg vf]Hof],
csf{] vf]S5 . b'O{ ah]lt/ emsfpg yfn]sL dfq lyPF ptfk6\l6sL cfOdfO{ 3'/]/ s]
eGg], ;'Tg} lbOg /fIf:gLn] . hlt 3'g{ dg nfU5 klxNo} 3'g'{ lg . clu rf/ ah]lt/
emGg} lgbfPF5', p M Tof] a"9f] s/fpg yflnxfNof] .Æ ;Ltf pbf; b]lvlGyg\ .
laxfg lrofgf:tf vfof}F . dlxnf v08 / k'?if v08 cnucnu /x]5 .
clg ehgsLt{gdf ;xefuL eof}F . ;ft ah]b]lv b; ah];Dd . cfgGbdo ;ª\uLt .
dnfO{ O:sf]gsf] ;ª\uLt plt cfgGbdo nfUb}g, clns v;|f / Psgf;] . ;fO{afafsf eStx¿sf]
;ª\uLtdf ljljwtf, cfWoflTdstf, nofn'kg, :j/nx/L / zAbsf] d'nfod 5 . xfdL ehg–sLt{gsf]
;ª\uLtdo jftfj/0fdf /lx/xg rfxGYof}F . ;Ltf / efph"n] gf/L v08df / xfdLn]
k'?if v08df ;xefuL x'g'kbf{] /x]5 ehg–sLt{gdf klg . 5'6\l6g'cl3 xfdLn] b; ah]
lglb{i6 7fpFdf e]6\g] to u/]sf lyof}F . df]afOn kmf]g / cGo On]S6«f]lgs ;fdfg
;fydf /fVg gkfOg] x'gfn] ;a}yf]s cdfgtL 3/df a'emfP/ xfdL ehgsLt{gdf ;xefuL
ePsf lyof}F .
b; ah]lt/ bfh' / d lg:Sof}F . ehg–sLt{gdf ;xefuL x'g cfPsfx¿ cg]s hflt
/ e"uf]nsf dfG5] lyP . ef/tsf k|foM ;a} k|fGtsf dflg; x'g'k5{ oxfF .
g]K6f, r'Rr], sfnf / uf]/f cg'xf/ lyP . xf]rf, cUnf / dWod ;fOhsf klg lyP .
d]/f] 5]pdf Pp6f ?;L lyof], ?;L g} x'g'k5{, d}n] ;f]lwgF, t/ oxfF ?;Lx¿sf]
7"nf] ;d"x cfPsf] s'/f a]n's} yfxf kfPsf lyof}F . ;of}Fsf] ;ª\Vofsf
?;Lx¿sf lgs}j6f 6f]nL cfP/ w]/}j6f eStlgjf; cf]u6]sf lyP . w]/}h;f] dfG5]
Zj]tj:q klxl/P/ cfPsf lyP . xfdLrflxF h]h:tf] sk8f 5, ToxL nufP/ cfPsf lyof}F .
t/ Pp6f ;'vb s'/f, o'j/fh bfh'sf] 9fsf 6f]kL k/}af6 :ki6 b]lvGYof] . 5'6\6}
klxrfg, 5'6\6} zfg .
xndf ;ª\uLt1sf] lgs} 7"nf] ;d"x / ln8 ufog ug{] ufos /
uflosfsf] ;of}Fsf] ;ª\Vof lyof] . logLx¿sf] olt 7"nf] ;d"xn] slxn]
;fd"lxs cEof; u¥of] xf]nf <
g]kfnsf] t/fO{ / pQ/ ef/tLo ;fª\uLlts cj;/df dfOssf] pTkft} rsf{]
cfjfhn] sfg vfG5, sfgsf] leqL hfnLnfO{ w]/} gf]S;fg k'U5 . PskN6 6'6]kl5 leqL
hfnLsf] dd{t ;Dej gxf]nf . dnfO{ nfU5 o:tf] ss{z cfjfhdf lg/Gt/ sfgdf kg{] xf]
eg] dflg; alx/f] x'G5 .
dflg;sf nflu ;Q/L 8]l;a]neGbf sdsf] cfjfhn] s'g} xflg ub{}g, ;'/lIft
dflgG5 . nfdf] ;do;Dd krf;L 8]l;a]neGbf rsf{] cfjfh sfgdf kl;/x\of] eg] sfgdf
Iflt k'U5 eG5g\ gfs–sfg–3fF6Lsf 8fS6/x¿ . !)) 8]l;a]neGbf 7"nf] cfjfhn] k'¥ofpg]
gf]S;fg :yfoL x'G5 . !!% 8]l;a]nsf] cfjfh sfgdf Ps}kN6 k:of] eg] klg To;af6
x'g] Iflt :yfoL eOxfN5 . 7"nf] cfjfhdf nfdf] ;do;Dd a:g'k/]df dfG5] dgf]/f]uL
aG5 . pm l8k|];gdf hfG5 / b'lZrGtfsf] l;sf/ aGg k'U5 . dfgl;s ljlIflKtdf ;d]t
k'Ug ;S5 .
cWoogn] b]vfPsf] 5, lg/Gt/ 7"nf] cfjfhdf a:g'k/]df JolStsf] /f]u
k|lt/f]wfTds Ifdtfdf x|f; cfpF5, d'6'df v/faL cfpF5, OG;f]lDgof cyf{t\
clgb|fsf] /f]un] cfqmd0f u5{, lj:d[ltsf] /f]u l8d]lG;of x'G5 / JolStsf]
:j/oGqdf :yfoL gf]S;fg k'U5 .
t/ oxfF t s'/} csf{] lyof] . w]/}lt/ dfOs hf]l8Psfn] oxfFsf] ehgsLt{g
hxfF klg :ki6 ;'Gg kfOGYof], t/ cfjfhdf pQ/ ef/tLo ss{ztf st} lyPg . dw'/tf,
;'nlnttf, ld7f; / zflGt o; cfjfhsf] ljz]iftf lyof] . 7"n} :j/df ufP klg sf]OnLsf] cfjfh
s0f{lk|o x'G5, ;':jfb' x'G5 / dflg;sf] x[bonfO{ To;n] cf}iflwsf] sfd u5{ .
oxfFsf] ehg–sLt{g OGb|]0fLsf] /ª\uLgtf, w'kLsf] ;'uGw, u'Gu'gfx6sf] ;'dw'/tf, s'nfsf]
snsn, sf]OnLsf] ld7f;, ;f/ª\uLsf] ¥ofOF¥ofOF / afF;'/Lsf] o:tf] w'g lyof]
dfgf}F oxfF nfp8l:ks/ 5Fb} 5}g . xhf/f}F dflg;sf aLr klg olt ;'dw'/ ;ª\uLt
;a}sf] sfgdf k'¥ofpg ;lsFbf] /x]5 . o:t} s0f{lk|o jfBjfbg / ufogn] dflg;nfO{
lapFemfpg] xf], lgb|fdf k'¥ofpg] klg xf] . xfdL oxfF uLt–;ª\uLtsf] dfbstfk"0f{
nodf nxl/of}F . ;do /f]lsof], ult / rfn yfldP . d'6'sf] 9's9'sL / Zjf;k|Zjf;sf]
lg/Gt/tf cem 68\sf/f] ePsf] xf] ls tL b'j} rfn /f]lsPsf x'g\ s;}n] eGg
;St}gYof] .
To; ‘?;L’ dfG5]n] xftdf 38L afFw]sf] lyof] . d}n] ;'6'Ss x]/]F M 38Ldf
;f9] gf} ah]sf] /x]5 . ehg–sLt{gsf] cfgGbnfO{ ;do eGg] /fIf;n] layf]Ng] b]lvof]
. b; ah] e]6\g] x} eg]/ 5'6\l6Psf xfdL, ;f9] gf} alh;s]5 . xfdL a;]sf] 7fpFaf6
e]6\g] elgPsf] 7fpFdf k'Ug Ps ldg]6 klg gnfUg] x'gfn] 9'SsrflxF lyof] . Tof]
?;L p7\of] / clns klt{/sf] csf{] ?;Lsf] 5]pdf uof] . Ps}l5gdf tL lg:s] . o;f]
j/k/ x]/]F s;}sf] xftdf 38L lyPg . ca cg'dfgsf] e/df b; ah] lg:sg'kg{] b]lvof]
.
s]xLa]/kl5 d o'j/fh bfh'sf] 5]pdf uP/ a;]F . pxfF kb\df;g afFwL dUg eP/
ehg–sLt{gdf /dfpg'ePsf] lyof] . dnfO{ 5]pdf b]v]/ pxfFn] eGg'eof]– æhfcf}F,
lg:sf}F .Æ
xfdL b'O{ cfkm\gf] 7fpFaf6 p7\of}F . xfdLeGbf k5fl8sf dflg;x¿nfO{
5]lng] 8/n] lgx'l/P/ xtf/xtf/ aflx/ lg:Sof}F . df]afOn lkmtf{ lng]x¿sf] nfOg
lgs} nfdf] /x]5 . d}n] ;f]r]F, sDtLdf klg b; ldg]6 t nfUnf . t/ Ps}l5gdf ;a}n]
cfkm\gf df]afOn, Sofd/f, kfj/ Aofª\s / rfh{/ kfP . xfd|f] kfnf] b'O{ ldg]6d}
cfof] . d}n] ;Ltfsf], bfh'sf] / d]/f] u/L tLgj6f df]afOn clg Pp6f rfh{/ /fVg
lbPsf] lyPF . kfOxfn]F .
clg xfdL b'O{ dlxnf v08lt/ nfUof}F . dlxnfx¿sf h'QfrKkn :6]G8cufl8
plePsf lyof}F, :jod\;]jL dlxnfn] xfdLnfO{ ToxfFaf6 x6\g elgg\ . dlxnf v08df
k'?if pleg' czf]egLo dflgFbf] /x]5 . xfdL clns k/ uP/ pleof}F, ltgn] ToxfF klg
gpleg ;ª\s]t ul/g\ . o;}a]nf ;Ltf / efph" k/af6 cfpFb} u/]sf] b]lvof] .
l56} g} xfdL rf/} hgfsf] k'gld{ng eOxfNof] .
clg xfdL cfhsf] e|d0fof]hgfcg';f/ 3'Dg lg:Sof}F . ;j{k|yd ;fO{ afaf hGd:yfgsf] o; wfld{s
kl/;/sf] e|d0f u¥of}F .
e|d0f ug'{kg{] :ynx¿ M
!= lzjfnoM eujfg\ >L;fO{afafsf] hGd:yn, uf]k'/d\ /f]8, cf>daflx/
@= r}tGoHof]lt Do'lhod M ;f]djf/ aGb x'g]
#= >L ;To;fO{ cGt/f{li6«o v]ns'b ;+:yfg M OG8f]/ :6]l8od
$= ;gftg ;+:s[lt ;ª\u|xfno M a'wjf/ aGb x'g]
%= eujfg\sf dftflktfsf] ;dflw:yn
^= ;'k/:k];fln6L c:ktfn M cfOtjf/ aGb x'g]
&= ;To;fO{ afaf;DaGwL lel8of] lkmNd k|bz{g M ;T;ª\u ejg
*= ;Toefdf dlGb/ M uf]k'/d\ /f]8, cf>daflx/
(= j]0f'uf]kfn:jfdL dlGb/ M uf]k'/d\ /f]8
!)= Knfg]6f]l/od M ;To;fO{ cGtl/If lyP6/
!!= lxn Eo' :6]l8od M xg'dfg, >Ls[i0f, lhh;, hf]/f]cf:6/, a'4 cflbsf
ljzfn d"lt{ -k|j]z ;xh 5}g_
!@= l;/8L ;fO{ dlGb/ -hg/n c:ktfnleq_
!#= >L uLtf ;dflw M ljBflul/ /f]8, eujfg\ ;To ;fO{sf] lk|o xfQLsf]
;dflw
!$= >L ;To;fO{ uf]s'nd\ M
ljBflul/ /f]8
!%= sNkj[Ifd\ M sNkjtL /f]8
!^= a'Ssk6gd\ tfn M lrqfjtL gbLdf ag]sf], sf]6r]?j'glhs}
!&= 6«]lsª 6k M k"jL{ kxf8sf] k}bn ofqf
oltsf :yfg ;a} 3'ld;Sg t xKtf lbg g} nfUnf . xfdLl;t Tof] cfwf lbg /
ef]lnkN6 cfwf lbg dfq lyof] . ctM xfdLn] logdWo] k'Ug} kg{] s]xL 7fpF 5fGg'sf]
ljsNk lyPg . ;j{k|yd xfdLn] ToxfFsf ljBfno, sn]h / v]nd}bfg x]g{ kfof}F . oxfFsf] ;To;fO{ ljBfno cToGt /fd|f] b]lvof]
. oxfFsf] ;ª\uLt dxfljBfno / jfBjfbg ;ª\u|xfno leq k;]/ x]g{ gldNg] /x]5 .
aflx/af6} x]l/of] . ;'Gb/ nfU5 .
r}tGoHof]lt ;ª\u|xfno M clg xfdL v]nd}bfg x]g{ k'Uof}F . o;
v]nd}bfgnfO{ lxn Eo' :6];g elgG5 . dfly l9:sfdf xg'dfgsf] ljzfn d"lt{
xftdf ljzfn ubf / ljGWofrn kj{t af]s]/ l7ª\u pleO/x]sf] lyof] . To;eGbf clns tn
qmfO:6, k}uDa/, a'4 cflb w]/} wd{sf d"lt{x¿ /x]5g\ . ;'Gb/ kfvf], ;'Gb/
kfs{ /x]5 . t/ xfdLnfO{ Totf hfg cg'dlt /x]g5 .
v]nd}bfgdf k'Ugf;fy d bf}l8g yflnxfn]F . xl/of] 3fF;] d}bfgdf s'b\g kfpgsf] dh} csf{] 5 . ptf leQfdf Psbd ;'Gb/ b/af/ b]lvof] . ToxL /x]5 r}tGoHof]lt Do'lhod . Do'lhodsf] ;'/IffsdL{n] xfdLnfO{ x]/]/ s/fof]– æDo'lhod x]g{ cfpg'ePsf] xf] <
Æ
æxf] lg . lsg / <Æ o'j/fh bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
æx]g{ dg eP t'?Gt cfpg'xf]nf . aGb x'g] a]nf eof] .Æ pm cem s/fof] .
xfdL bf}8]/ uof}F . d}n] 38L x]/]F, kf}g] afx| ah] ePsf] /x]5 . kl5
yfxf eof] of] ;ª\u|xfno laxfg (M#) ah]b]lv !@M)) ah];Dd clg a]n'sf #M)) ah]b]lv
%M)) ah];Dd v'Nbf] /x]5 . r}tGoHof]lt ;ª\u|xfnosf] ejgdfq klg cfkm}Fdf ;'Gb/
dlGb/h:tf] 5 .
leq k:of}F . ToxfF kfng ug'{kg{] lgodx¿ ;a} 7Ls;Fu l;sfOFbf] /x]5 .
stfaf6 stf hfg'kg{] xf], s]s] s;/L x]g{] / s] a'em\g] xf] ;a} 7Ls;Fu atfOof] .
;ª\u|xfno aGb x'g] a]nf ePsfn] sd{rf/Lx¿ cln c8a8df lyP . lelh6/x¿ km6fkm6 cl3
al9lbP pgLx¿nfO{ ;lhnf] x'g] lyof] . aGb u/]/ pgLx¿ vfgf vfg hfg rfxGy] .
of] Do'lhod d"ntM ;fO{afafsf] hLjg, nIo / ;Gb]z emNsfpg], pxfFsf]
hLjgrl/qnfO{ ljZj;fd' k|:t't ug{]
p2]Zon] :yflkt ul/Psf] xf] . o;df k'6\6ktL{ If]qsf] Oltxf;b]lv
jt{dfg;Ddsf] lrq, u|flkmS;, Plgd];g tyf lel8of] k|bz{g u/L k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
xfdL nueu Ps 306f Do'lhoddf x/fof}F . oxfF sDtLdf tLgrf/ 306f geO{ gx'g] /x]5 .
olt ;do lgsfNg g;s]sfdf dnfO{ clxn];Dd kl5tf] 5 .
Do'lhodleq kmf]6f], lel8of] cflb lng lgif]w 5 . xfdLn] aflx/ lg:s]kl5
s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lnof}F . nueu 8]9 ah] xfdL aflx/ lg:s]sf lyof}F . clg vfgf
vfg uof}F . xfdL b'O{ efOn] lgnod\sf] kfszfnfdf kfSg] vfgf vfof}F . oxfF blIf0f
ef/tLo, pQ/ ef/tLo / o'/f]k]nL vfgf ksfOG5 .
;Ltf / efph"n] ToxfFsf] vfgf vfg dfGg'ePg .
æxfdL ;'Svf /f]6L vfg] . oxfF gvfg] .Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
xfdL k|zflGt lgnod\af6 aflx/ lg:Sof}F . glhs} Ps hgf g]kfnLsf] xf]6n
/x]5 . ptf bf]nvfsf /x]5g\ ltgLx¿ . k'?ifrflxF ToxfF k|zflGt lgnod\sf ;'/Iff
sd{rf/L /x]5g\ . xf]6n dlxnfn] rnfPsL /lx5g\ . l8p6L;doafx]s c¿ a]nf k'?ifn]
klg ;3fpFbf /x]5g\ . xfdL uPsf] a]nf b'j} hgf lyP . ;Ltf / efph"n] g]kfnL
efiffdf s'/fsfgL ub{} g]kfnL xftsf] ;'Svf /f]6L lng'eof] . nfdf] ;do;Dd cfkm\g}
6f]nLsf ;b:oafx]s c¿;Fu g]kfnL af]nL af]Ng gkfPsL ;Ltfn] oxfF dg vf]n]/ af]lng\
. vfg]s'/f klg dL7f] dfg]/ vfOg\ .
s]xLa]/ cf/fd u/]kl5 xfdLn] csf{] /ftsf nflu sf]7f kfOG5 ls egL
:jfutsIfdf ;f]wLvf]hL u¥of}F .
æ;/L, sf]7f vfnL 5}g .Æ :jfutfyL{ :jod\;]jLn] eg] .
xfdL 8ld6«Llt/
nfUof}F . eSthgsf nflu cfjf;sf] k|aGw ldnfpg] zfvfdf k'u]/ km]l/ ;f]wLvf]hL u¥of}F
. b; ldg]6cl3 sf]7f 5}g eg]sf lyP, clxn] t 5 kf] eG5g\ P Û
æslt ;do a:g'x'g]
lg <Æ sd{rf/Ln] ;f]Wof] .
æef]ln laxfg b;
ah];Dd .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æef]ln laxfg P3f/
ah] cGt/f{li6«o eSthgx¿ cfpFb} x'g'x'G5 . pxfFx¿n] Ps dlxgfsf nflu a's ug'{ePsf
b'O{ sf]7f 5g\ . olb gf} ah] vfnL ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 eg] sf]7f ldN5g\ .Æ ltgn] eg] .
æx'G5 . xfdL gf}
aHg'cufj} sf]7f vfnL ug{ ;S5f}F . ef]ln ptf n]kfIfL hfg' 5 .Æ d}n] eg]F . sf]7f
ldNof] . sf]7fdf ;fdfg lnP/ uof}F . ;'Gb/, ;kmf, 7"nf] / cf/fdbfoL /x]5g\
otfsf sf]7f . /dfOnf] eof] . s]xLa]/ cf/fd u/]/ a:of}F .
æPs 7fpFdf hfcf}F
g . lbg 9NSof], zLtn g} x'G5 aflx/ klg ca t .Æ d}n] bfh'nfO{ eg]F .
t'?Gt} rf/} hgf
tof/ eOxfNof}F . xfdL ca sf]6r]?j'sf] a'Ssk6gd\ tfn x]g{ hfg] . Tof] tfn
lrqfjtL gbLdf ag]sf] 5 .
a'Ssk6gd\ tfn M a;
r9]/ uof}F . t/ a;n] cfkm\gf] :6]G8df dfq /f]Sg] x'gfn] clns k/ k'¥ofP/
5fl8lbof] . kmsL{ k}bn g} tfn;Dd cfof}F . a'Ssk6gd\ tfn 7"nf] 5 . t/ otf
dgf]/~hgsf nflu s'g} k|aGw ul/Psf] b]lvPg . ef/tel/, cem otflt/, o:tf tfn
;a}lt/ x'G5g\ . tfnsf] vf;} dgf]/~hgfTds tyf ko{6sLo dxŒj 5}g oxfF . ToxL eP/
oxfF ko{6s cfpFb}gg\ eGg] k|:6 eof] .
o; tfnsf]
cjnf]sgkl5 s]xL kf]h kmf]6f];d]t lvRof}F . clg xfdL ;8sdf pSNof}F . of] :yfg
Pp6f ;;fgf] kxf8sf] km]b /x]5 . d kxf8sf] psfnf] bf}8]F . v'a dhf eof] . t/
clns dfly k'u]kl5 sfF8f cflbn] l5l/;Sg' lyPg . kms]{F .
tn em/]kl5 o'j/fh
bfh'n] eGg'eof]– æ;k{n] t 8;]g lg <Æ
dnfO{ ;k{n]
8;]sf] lyPg . d}n] xfF:t} eg]F– æ;k{sf] s'/f oxfF s;/L pAHof] . dnfO{ 8;]g s'g}
;k{n] . ;k{ b]Vg'eof] ls Sof xf] oxfF <Æ
æTo;f] xf]Og .
of] :yfg ;k{x¿ cToGt w]/} kfOg] 7fpF xf] . udL{ / ;'Svf ;dodf kfgLdf cfpg]
;k{sf] nsf{] x'G5 . a;x¿n] lsRg] 8/ x'G5
. ;k{ dfg{]nfO{ s7f]/ b08sf] sfg'g ePsfn] s;}n] klg hfgfhfg ;k{dfly uf8L
u'8fpFb}gg\ .Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
æof] kxf8 t cg]s
ljiffn' ;k{sf] 3/ xf] . :yfgLox¿ o; l9:sfdf r9\b}gg\ . ;k{};k{ x'gfn] kz' r/fpg
klg otf NofOFb}g .Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
d em:s]F . wGg
s]xL ePg5 eGg] eof] . d dfly 8fF8faf6 sfnf uf]dg ;k{x¿n] dnfO{ vb]8]sf] sNkgf
ug{ yfn]F . sy+sbflrt\ ;k{n] 8;]sf] eP v]n vtd x'g] lyof] . d]/f /x/x¿, ;kgfx¿,
sNkgfx¿, of]hgfx¿ / ul//x]sf sfdx¿ t'lxg] lyP . hLjgsf] v]n o;} tfndf ;dfKt
x'g] lyof] . dnfO{ sf]6r]?j'sf] 3f6df ;]nfpg'kg{] x'GYof] . ofqfsf] 6f]nLsf
;b:osf] eofgs ljrNnL x'g] lyof] . ;Ltfsf] hLjg t cem z"Gosf] ut{df efl;g]
lyof] . dnfO{ Psbd 8/ kf] nfu]/ cfof], wGg s]xL ePg5 .
sfnf uf]dgx¿ :ofF
ub{} cfPsf eP Û cFWof/f] x'g yfln;s]sf] lyof] . of] cFWof/f] t s] 5 / afx|
306fkl5 pl3|OxfNg] xf], Tof] cFWof/f] t slxNo} v'Ng] lyPg . hLjgsf] syf a8f]
g/fd|f] laGb'df k'u]/ 6'ª\lug] lyof] .
xfdL d[To';Fu 8/fpF5f}F . t/ d[To'cl3 ul/;Sg'kg{] sfdsf] af/]df ;f]Rt}gf}F .
/fhf k/LlIftn] ;k{n] 8:g'cl3 ;ft lbgsf] ;do kfPsf lyP . Tof] ;do s;/L ;b'kof]u
ug{] eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn x'Fbf >Ldb\efujt dxfk'/f0f ;'Gg] /fo lbP ljåfg\x¿n]
. d}n] t o:tf] df}s} kfpg] lyOgF .
s] jflxoft ;f]r]sf]
xf]nf, wt\ Û
clg kmsL{ k|zflGt
lgnod\ cfof}F . vfgf dlGb/d} vfof}F . ;dod} sf]7fdf k:of}F . o;/L xfd|f]
ofqfsf] ;QfO;f}F lbg klg ;dfKt eof] .
gf]e]Da/ !@, @)@# c6\7fO;f}F
lbg, xf]6n ;Gdfg, a}ª\unf]/ .
laxfg vf;} s]xL
ug{] of]hgf lyPg . xfdL ;ft ah] dfq sf]7faf6 lg:Sof}F . clg ;'/Iff
:jod\;]jLnfO{ eGof}F– ær]s cfp6 .Æ
æptf d"n
sfof{nod} sf]7fsf] rfaL lhDdf lbg'xf]nf .Æ p;n] eGof] . d bf}8]/ rfeL a'emfpg
uPF . rfeL a'emfP/ cfPkl5 xfd|f] 6f]nL k|zflGt lgnod\ kl/;/af6 lg:Sof] .
hLjgsf s]xL
efjf]Q]hs cg'ej sdfOof] oxfF k'6\6ktL{df
.
n]kfIfL M
/fdfo0fsyfdf
h6fo'sf] k|;ª\u cfpF5 . /fj0fn] ;LtfnfO{ x/0f u/L nu]sf] s'/f h6fo'n] b]Vof] .
h6fo'n] /fj0fnfO{ cj/f]w u¥of] . p;n] /fj0fl;t o'4 u¥of] . h6fo' cToGt eofgs
of]4f lyof] . p;n] /fj0fsf] /y Wj:t kfl/lbof] . /fj0fnfO{ xf/faf/f v]nfof] .
olt ug{ ;s] klg Tof] /fj0fh:tf] dxfjL/sf cufl8 l6Sg ;s]g . /fj0fn] h6fo'sf b'j} kv]6f sfl6lbof] .
h6fo' /utkR5] eP/ e'OFdf 9Nof] . /fj0fn] t'?Gt} /ysf] dd{t u/]/ cfsfz dfu{ u/L
;LtfnfO{ lnP/ uof] .
ha /fd / nId0f
s'6Ldf kms{] ;LtfnfO{ b]v]gg\ . /fd–nId0fsf] ;ftf] uof] . pgLx¿ ;LtfnfO{ x/0f
u/]/ nUg]sf] vf]hLdf jgjg ef}Ftfl/Fb} lxF8] . ha pgLx¿n] e'OFdf kN6]sf]
h6fo'nfO{ b]v], j/k/ /ut}/ut klg b]v], pgLx¿nfO{ nfUof], kSs} o;} /fIf;sf]
abdf;L x'g'k5{ . jl/kl/ /ut 5, o;}n] ;LtfhLnfO{ vfP5 . ;LtfhLnfO{ vfP/ o;sf]
e'F8L olt 7"nf] ePsf] /x]5 . To;} eP/ of] p7\g klg g;Sg] eP/ 9Ns]sf] xf] .
ca o;nfO{ df/f}F .
of] ;'g]/ j[4 lu4
h6fo' 8/fof] . pm s/fof]– ædnfO{ gdfg'{xf];\ . d}n] ;LtfhLnfO{ vfPsf] x}g .
/fj0fn] pxfFnfO{ x/0f u/]/ blIf0f lbzfdf p8fPsf] 5 . d t ltd|f lktfhLsf] ldq x'F
. ltd|f] bz{g kfPF . d efUodfgL /x]5' .Æ olt eg]/ h6fo' dl/xfNof] . ;Ltfsf] va/
lbPsf] u'g ;Dem]/ /fdn] To;sf] ljlwk"j{s bfx;+:sf/ / sfhlsl/of u/] .Æ
h6fo'sf] bfh'
;DkftL lyof] . ha xg'dfgx¿sf] 6f]nL ;Ltfsf] vf]hLdf blIf0ftkm{ uof],;DkftL
eP7fpF k'Uof] . xg'dfgx¿n] ;DkftLnfO{ h6fo'sf] d[To' / d'lStsf] 36gf ;'gfP .
;DkftLn] pgLx¿nfO{ ;Ltf sxfF, s:tf] cj:yfdf l5g\ :ki6 atfof] .
/fdfo0fsyfsf] oxL
k|;ª\u 36]sf] 7fpF xf] n]kfIfL . tldn efiffdf ‘n]kfIfL’ sf] cy{ ’x] kIfL Û p7\
Û’ eGg] x'G5 . h6fo'nfO{ /fdn] b]v]/ p7\g eg]sf] zAb g} o; :yfgsf] gfd xf] .
xfdL ;f]xL /fdfo0fsfnLg :yndf k'Ug rfx]sf lyof}F .
k|zflGt lgnod\ a;
:6kdf ptf n]kfIfLsf nflu a; nueu cfwf 306fkl5 dfq kfOof] . of] a; klg a}ª\Unf]/
hfg] k/]5 . To;n] xfdLnfO{ lnP/ k|zflGt lgnod\sf] Po/kf]6{ a|x\dkNnL, /]nj]
:6];g dflnNns'G6f x'Fb} cl3 a9fof] .
af6fsf] k"j{
/ klZrdk6\l6 a8]a8] v'nf 3fF;] kmfF6 b]lvP . ltgdf s'g} afnL nufPsf] b]lvPg .
lgs} 7fpFdf tf/af/ u/]/ hldg ;'/lIft u/]h:tf] b]lvof] . ;fob oxfF pBf]uwGbfsf
nflu hldg cf]ul6Psf] xf]nf . otf hldg cUnf] ePsfn] 8'afgsf] ;d:of x'Fb}g . cyjf
x'g ;S5 s;}n] cfw'lgs kmfd{ rnfpgsf nflu oL hldg cf]u6]sf] xf] . st}st} s'v'/f kmfd{, ufO{kmfd{ cflb b]lvP .
st}st} s'g} afnL nufPsf] h:tf] b]lvof] . st}st} rflxF cfFksf au}Frf b]lvP . Ps
7fpFdf cDafsf] v]tL b]lvof] . Totfsf cDafsf af]6 ;lk|Psf lyP . ;fob cGoqaf6
kfOkdf l;FrfOsf] kfgL Nofpg'kg{] x'Fbf] xf] .
Totflt/ cDafsf]
efp pQ/L ef/tsf x]/L dxFuf] 5 .
g]kfneGbf klg dxFuf] 5 . olb cDaf v]tLaf6 /fd|f] cfDbfgL eof] eg] oxfFsf] hLjg
ablng]5 . oL ljzfn j~h/ e"lddf cDaf hlt klg nufpg k'Ug] 7fpF 5 . cDafsf]
h'; pBf]u vf]Ng] xf] eg] Tof] h'; ;+;f/e/ k'¥ofpg ;lsg]5 .
a;sf] em\ofnaf6
cDafv]tLsf] ;'Gb/ b[Zo x]/]/ d}n] slNkPF– xfd|f] ;Kt/L, l;/fxf, ;nf{xL,
dxf]Q/L, wg'iffsf /fhdfu{ pQ/sf ;'Svf hldgdf cDafv]tL ug{] xf] eg] v'a ;k|g]
lyof] . hxfF cfFkv]tL 5 Tof] 7Ls} 5, hxfF wfgv]tL ul/Fb} 5 ToxfF cDaf v]tL ug{]
xf] eg] a;{]lg ef/taf6 cfoft ul/g] cDaf lj:yflkt x'g] lyof] . b]z cDafsf nflu
cfTdlge{/ x'g] lyof] . b]zsf] cy{tGqdf ;'wf/ x'g] lyof] . cDafsf] kmnaf6 h';
pBf]u, af]6af6 sfi7 pBf]u, 8fn]3fF;af6 afv|fkfng / e'OFsf] 3fF;af6 ufO{kfng
cflb ;Dej x'g] lyof] . ef/tsf x]/L xfdLsxfF l;FrfO / /f]usL/fsf] ;d:of klg sd 5
.
a; cl3 a9\b}
hfFbf hldg clns xf]lrFb} uof] . otf ds}sf] v]tL /fd|/L ubf{ /x]5g\ . st} ;'s]sf
ds}sf 9f]8 y'kf/]sf b]lvP, st} ds} efFRg] a]nf ePsf] b]lvof] . cem cufl8 a9]kl5
wfgsf v]tL klg b]lvP . l;FrfOsf nflu gbLaf6 gx/ NofOPsf] xf]nf . glhs} lrq/]vf
gbL 5 .
k]8fkNnL eGg]
7fpFdf a; s]xLa]/ /f]lsof] . lgs}a]/ /f]lsof] . Jojl:yt geP klg oxfFsf] a;
:6fG8 km/flsnf] /x]5 . oxfF vfhf vfof}F
. df};d ;'Svf lyof] . o:tf] nfUYof] xfdL sxLF cw{d?e"ldsf] ofqfdf 5f}F . k]8fkNnL
ahf/ ;fgf] 5 . oxfF 3/x¿ 7"nf t/ kftnf 5g\ . glhs} lrqfjtL gbL 5 . pxL
lrqfjtL gbL, k'6\6ktL{nfO{ k]o hn / l;FrfO lbg] clg ljzfn a'Ssk6gd\ tfn agfpg]
lrqfjtL . gbLdf kfgL sd 5 . s;/L Tolt 7"nf] tfn aGof], crDd nfU5 . tnfp
avf{sf] kfgL / e]nn] e/]sf] xf]nf . ax]sf] kfgLn] t Tolt 7"nf] tfn slxNo}
aGb}g .
k]8fkNnLdf k|frLg
pHh}gL dxfsfnL dlGb/ 5 hf] lgs} rlr{t 5 . oxfF csf{] klg dlGb/ 5 M gofF dlGb/ .
of] ;fgf] eP/ klg cToGt ;'Gb/ 5 . ;8saf6} b]lvof], slt rlDsnf /ª k|of]u u/]sf
< dlGb/cufl8sf] v'nf 3fF;] rp/df
b'O{rf/j6f 6«s /f]s]/ /fv]sf lyP . :yfgLox¿n] dlGb/sf] kl/;/nfO{ kfls{ª :ynsf] ¿kdf
klg k|of]u ubf{ /x]5g\ .
clg a; cl3 a9\of]
.
sf]l8sf]G8fdf
k'u]kl5 xfdLnfO{ 8«fOe/n] pqg eGof] . xfdLn] 7fGof}F, n]kfIfL cfOk'luP5 . a;af6
cf]n{]/ klZrd hfg p;n] O;f/f u/]sf] lyof], xfdL /fhdfu{sf] h]a|f qm; k|of]u
u/]/ ;8s kf/ eof}F . ptf klZrdk6\l6 csf{] ;8s hfFbf] /x]5 . Totf ljzfn k|j]zåf/
lyof] . To;sf] aLrdf dfly Pp6f h6fo'sf] ;flns lyof] .
æP Û n]kfIfL
cfOk'luxflnP5 lg ÛÆ d v';L ePF .
k|j]zåf/df s]
n]v]sf] 5 xfdLn] hfGg] s'/f ePg, t]n'u' efiffdf lyof] . slt vfnsf cIf/ lrGg]
< d}n] of] ofqf yfNg'cl3 lx;fa u/]F, xfd|f] ofqfsf] 7"nf] efu ;do
tldngf8'df laTg]5 . tldngf8' s]/nf / s0ff{6ssf] aLrdf 5 . o;y{ d}n] tldn zAb
l;Sg' h?/L b]v]sf] lyPF . tldn cª\s ofb klg u/]sf] lyPF . db'/}af6 /fd]Zj/d\
hfFbf ;xofqL o'jtLx¿n] dnfO{ tL cª\s k'gM ;DemfP . ofb u/]F . ltgLx¿ pgLx¿sf
zAb ofb u/]sfdf db]lv w]/} v';L ePsf lyP .
o;sf/0f d}n] s]xL
tldn zAb l6Kg sf]l;; u/]sf] lyPF . tldn cIf/ klg l;lsx]/]F, oxfF cfOk'u'Gh]ndf
;a} x/fP . of] a"9f] lbdfu, s]xL ;dokl5 tL cIf/ / zAb afkm p8]em}F p8]/ uP
. ca t s]xL afFsL 5}g . sk"/ p8]/ klg uGw afFsL /xG5, zAbx¿ lbdfuaf6
pl8;s]kl5 s'g} bfu g/fvL p8\bf /x]5g\ .
cF, tldn x'g\ ls
t]n'u' x'g\, s]xL n]lvPsf] lyof] ljzfn k|j]zåf/df . ;DejtM ‘n]kfIfLdf oxfFnfO{
xflb{s :jfut 5’ n]lvPsf] lyof] . cyjf x'g;S5, ‘h6fo'sf] jgdf oxfFnfO{ :jfut
ub{5f}F’ eg]/ n]v]sf] lyof] . h] eP klg xfdLn] o; åf/nfO{ n]kfIfLsf] :jfutåf/
;Dem\of}F . glhs} csf{] a; lyof] . To; a;sf] 8«fOe/n] xfdLnfO{ s/fP/ af]nfof] .
p;n] a;df rl9xfNg O;f/f u¥of] . cl3sf] a;sf] 8«fOe/n] o;nfO{ xfdLnfO{ nUg
eg]sf] /x]5, kl5 a'lemof] .
n]kfIfL hfg] a;
kf] /x]5 of] t . xfdL n]kfIfL cfOk'Uof}F eg]sf] t, xf]Og /x]5 . cem} ;q–c7f/
lsnf]ld6/ ofqf afFsL /x]5 . clnslt klZrd nfu]kl5 blIf0ftkm{ nfUg] af6fsf]
lsgf/df Pp6f r/fsf] ljzfn ;flns lyof] . Tof] r/f] lu4 lyPg, nfdf] g nfdf]
r'Rrf] ePsf] sf7kmf]?jf lyof] .
ToxLF Pp6f lznf 7f8f] kf/]/
pEofOPsf] lyof] . To;df n]lvPsf] lyof]– æWoodstork ParkÆ .
d Psk6s x]6f}F8f
k'u]sf] a]nfdf Pp6f 7fpFdf k'Ug rfx]F . u'un Dofkdf x]/]sf] lyPF, dsjfgk'/u9L
hfg] af6fdf ;fns kfs{ 5 . ;fns b'n{e hGt' xf] . dnfO{ ;fns kfs{ hfpmFhfpmF
nfu]/ cfof] . e/] t s]sf] ;fns x'g' . kfs{sf] gfd kf] ;fns /x]5, l;dG6Ln]
agfPsf ;fnssf d"lt{dfq lyP . s;}n] dx]Gb| kfs{ jf jL/]Gb| ejg xf] of] eGof]
eg] ToxfF tL JolSt e]l6g] xf]Ogg\ Sof/] . To;}n] sf7kmf]?jf kfs{ gfd b]Vt}df
sf7kmf]?jf r/fsf] ;+/If0f If]q xf] eGg] a'lemxfNg' 7Ls x'Fb}gYof] .
d}n] 5]psf]
Kof;]Gh/nfO{ ;f]w]F– æof] s:tf] kfs{ xf] <Æ
æof] sf7kmf]?jf
;+/If0f If]q xf] . oxfFaf6 blIf0fsf] kxf8df oL r/f a:5g\ . sf7kmf]?jf r/fdfly
cWoog ug{]x¿, r/fk|]dLx¿ / c¿ klg ko{6s ljZje/af6 cfpF5g\ . logLx¿ oxfF dlxgf}F
a;]/ cWoog u5{g\ .Æ To;n] cª\u|]hLdf eGof] .
a; oxfF b'O{
ldg]6dfq /f]lsPsf] lyof], lxFl8xfNof] . k/ kxf8 b]lvof] . sf7kmf]?jf r/f ToxfFsf
s'g} ?vdf 7'ª\b} xf]nfg\ eGg] sNkgfdf d /dfPF .
sfg'gL / k|zf;lgs
lx;fan] cfh klg d]/f] 3/7]ufgf O6x/f–*, df]/ª xf] . ha ls d To; ufpFdf hDdfhDdL
5 jif{ a;]F x'Fnf hLjgdf . g Tof] 7fpF d]/f] hGdynf] xf], g cfh ToxfF a:5', g
ToxfF d]/f] Ps ?lkofF kg{] ;DklQ 5, t/
d]/f] dg ;w}F ToxLF 8'N5 . d]/f] x[bo 3'dL3'dL To;} ufpFdf k'U5 . ;kgfdf d
hlxNo} Tot} /xG5' . dflg; hLjgsf] ;a}eGbf sNkgfzLn pd]/ cyf{t\ lszf]/ joel/
hxfF a:5, p;sf] x[bo ;f]xL e"lddf a:tf] /x]5 . sf7kmf]?jf r/fn] klg dnfO{
O6x/fsf] d]/f] ufpF ;ftd]8Ldf k'¥ofof] .
;ftd]8Ldf xfd|f]
v]tel/ ;v'jfsf 7"nf7"nf ?v lyP . sf7kmf]?jfn] l56f]l56f] / clg km]l/
l9nf]l9nf] sf7df 7'ª\y] . sf7df Kjfn kf/]kl5 To;df u'F8 agfpFy] . sf7kmf]?jfsf
ar/f x's{]/ uPkl5 To;df ?KkL jf ;'ufn] u'F8 nfpFy], cG8f kfy{] / aRrf sf]/Ny] .
gf/fo0f efO / d]/f lszf]/ jo xl/of ;'uf, ?KkL, 9's'/, sf7kmf]?jf, x'l66\ofpF, l;ds'v'/fsf
ultljlw x]b{} lat] . xfdL s'g} klg r/f cf/Ifdf lyPgf}F t/ r/}r/fsf] ;+;f/d}
lyof}F . r/f cfsfzdf p8\y], xfdL hldgdf ljr/0f uYof{}F . cfsfzel/ lre], eFu]/f
x'Gy] . 7]pjf, sfu, as'Nnf, hnxfF;, rd]/f / nfDk'R5«] x'Gy] . kmnkm"n kfSg
kfPsf] x'Fb}gYof], r/fx¿n] 7F'u]/ latfpFy] . xfdLnfO{ l/; p7\Yof] .
j}zfv h]7df ds}
v'a kmNYof] . ;'Fuf / nfDk'R5«]n] cfP/ ds} vfGy] . dflg;x¿ r/f wkfpFy] . otfaf6
ptf / ptfaf6 otf ub{} r/fn] b'Mv;'v k]6 ey]{ . r/f gwkfpg] xf] eg] ltgn] Ps}
lbgdf ds} ;vfk kfg{ ;Sy] . PskN6 ;fgf]efO lul//fhnfO{ cfdfn] cx|fpg'eof]– æhf
hf . af/Ldf . ;'ufn] ds} vfG5g\ . ?Fu\ .Æ
;fgf]efO lgs}
;fgf] lyof], rf/ of kfFr jif{sf] . pm
cfdfsf] cfb]z kfP/ v';L x'Fb} v]tlt/ bf}l8of] . k/ v]tsf] aLrdf s/dsf] Pp6f ?v
lyof] . h]7sf] udL{ ;do, xfdL To;} ?vsf] km]bdf a;]/ ds}sf] /vaf/L uYof}{F .
r/f b]Vgf;fy wkfP/ afnLsf] /Iff uYof{}F . p;n] ;'ufx¿ p8\b} cfP/ ds}sf 3f]ufdf
a;]sf] b]v]5 . p;n] cfdfsf] cfb]z kfng u/]5 . pm ;'ufn] ds} vfFb} u/]sf] b[Zo x]/]/
a;]5 . ?FUg eg]sf] lyof], ?Flu/x]5 .
s]xLa]/kl5 r/fx¿ RofFRofF / lrFlrF u/]sf] cfjfh 3/;Dd cfP5 . cfdfsf rgfvf sfg,
;'lgxfNg'eP5 . clg aflx/ lg:s]/ x]bf{ t ds}af/Lel/ ;'uf Û
cfdf cflQP/ s/fpg
yfNg'eof] . cfdf s/fpg'ePsf] ;'g]/ xfdL 8/fof}F, s'g} eofgs b'3{6gf kf] eof] ls
s;f] eg]/ . gf/fo0f / d s'/f a'em\gf;fy v]tlt/ bf}l8of}F . r/f p8] .
ælsg r/f gwkfPsf] <Æ d}n] sfG5f] efOnfO{ ;f]w]F .
p;n] eGof]– æd
r/f ?Flu/fv]sf] 5' . ptfaf6 p8]/ cfP . ;a} r/f a;] . dhfn] ds} sf]6\ofP . d
x]l//x]s} 5' lg .Æ
Ps}l5gsf]
sdhf]/Ln] To; lbg lgs} 3f]uf ds} gfz eP . dnfO{ oxfFsf] r/f cf/If0f s]Gb|df tL
r/fsf] ofb cfof] . cr]n wfg vfg ;'uf cfpFb}gg\ . ds} vfg ;'uf cfpFb}gg\ . ;a}
d/] xf]nf . xfdLn] r/fsf] jf;:yfg gi6 u¥of}F . ltgsf] j+zgfz ul//x]sf 5f}F xfdL
.
klxn], cyf{t\
d]/f] afNosfndf, O6x/Lg]/sf] nf]rgL ufpFdf xfd|f] 3/ lyof] . ufpFn]x¿ s'g}
sf/0fjz kz' d/]df k/ nu]/ emf8L of v'nf rp/df kmfNy] . lu4x¿ p8]/ cfpFy] .
/ftdf :ofnsf] /hfOF rNYof] . cr]n tL lu4 x/fO;s]sf 5g\ . s]xL jif{cl3;Dd :ofn
s/fpFy] . cr]n :ofn klg ufoa 5g\ . xfdLn] ;a}sf] ;j{gfz u/]sf 5f}F .
cfh ;DemG5',
xfd|f] lszf]/jo clt ;'Gb/ k|s[ltsf] km/flsnf], dfofn' / Gofgf] sfvdf lat]5 .
cfhsf lszf]/lszf]/Ln] ;fFu'/f] cfFugdf, eL8ef8o'St ;8sdf ljiffSt xfjf vfFb} afFRg'k/]sf] 5 . xfdLn]
bf}l8g] v]taf/L, v]Ng] rp/, xfF:g] v'nf kmfF6 vf]O xfd|f ;Gtltsf nflu <
;DemFbf cfF;' cfpF5 . d]/f] efO gf/fo0fnfO{ tL lbgsf] ;Demgf slQsf] cfpFbf]
xf], slxNo} ;Fu} a;]/ o; ljifodf ukm ug{ kfOPsf] 5}g . pm k/ emfkfsf] kNnf] 5]p
k[YjLgu/df a:5 / Pp6f :s'ndf k9fpF5, d otf O6x/Lsf] eL8ef8o'St ;x/sf] ;fFu'/f]
clg Rofk k/]sf] 3/df y'lgPsf] 5' .
xfdL hlt
;fFu'l/G5f}F plt d'lSt kfPsf] cg'ej u5f{}F . ljlrqsf] 5 dflg;sf] :jefj .
ef/tsf] o; e]udf
8'Nb} ubf{ d}n] ;Dem]F, ef/t s'g} lbgdf a]nfotL ;fd|fHosf] Ps efu lyof] .
a]nfot / ef/t Ps b]z . ef/tLon] a]nfot hfg' eg]sf] cfkm\gf] b]zleq} e|d0f ug'{
x'GYof] . ha a]nfot / ef/t 5'6\l6P, ljzfn kvf{n v8f eof] b'O{ b]zaLr . kf;kf]6{
/ lehfsf] ce]B lsNnf v8f eof] . clg ef/tLon] eg]– æxfdL d'St eof}F .Æ
ha ef/t /
kfls:tfg 6'lqmP, aª\unfb]z 6'lqmof], clg dflg;x¿n] eg] xfdL :jtGq eof}F . :jtGqtf
lbj; cd/ /xf];\ . lxhf] ef/tLon] adf{, aª\unfb]z / kfls:tfg hfg rfx]df kNnf]
3/sf] cfFug 6]Sgem}F ;xh lyof] . cfh kfls:tfg b':dg b]z eof], aª\unfb]z / adf{
6f9fsf c:k[Zo, cb[Zo e"efu ag], clg ef/tLox¿n] eg]– æxfdL :jtGq eof}F .Æ
lkFh8f dflg;sf]
:jtGqtfsf] k|tLs xf] ls lsg xf], pm r/fnfO{ To;df y'G5 / eG5– æd}n] ;'uf
kfn]sf] 5' .Æ ufO{e}F;LnfO{ afFw]/ /fV5 clg eG5, d}n] ufO{ kfn]sf] 5', e}F;L
kfn]sf] 5', kfn]sf] ls y'g]sf] < kfn]sf] ls afFw]/ s}b u/]sf] <
cF, sf7kmf]?jfsf]
;+/If0f If]qaf6 a; lxF8\of] . clg Psb'O{ lsnf]ld6/df csf{] ;fgf] ahf/ cfof], lrnfdb'/
. o; ahf/sf] s'g} vf; ljz]iftf 5}g . s]xL lyof] eg] klg xfdLn] b]Vg kfPgf}F .
a; u'l8/x\of] .
;8s lrNnf] 5, sxLFst} eTs]sf] 5}g . g]kfn / pQ/L ef/tsf] h:tf] ;8ssf] b'b{zf
otf b]Vg kfOFb}g, b]Vg'kb{}g . ;8s plt km/flsnf] xf]Og, ;f]emf] klg xf]Og, t/
/fd|f] 5 . ;8ssf] b'j}lt/ emf8L 5g\ . Psgf;] hª\un 5 . hª\un eGg klg sl7g 5,
;fgf 5g\, kf]y|fkf]y|L . lar/f sf7kmf]?jfnfO{ 7'ª\gsf nflu ?v st} b]lvFb}gg\,
log} kf]y|fkf]y|L 7'Fu]/ lrQ a'emfpFbf] xf] .
sf7kmf]?jfnfO{
eGg dg nfUof]– æhfcf] d]/f] g]kfn 3'Dg .
g]kfndf 7"nf7"nf ?v 5g\ . ;fnsf . l;dnsf . sdf{, plQ;, ;Nnf, s6';,
lrnfpg], v;|' / l6ssf . u'/fF;, wo]F/f], cf]v/, nK;L, s6x/, knfF;, cfFk / gLdsf
. Psbd 7"nf7"nf ?v klg 5g\ ltdLx¿sf nflu . slt dg nfU5 7'Fu . Tot}
u'F8 agfP/ a; . ar/f x'sf{cf] . slxn]sfxLF cfkm\gf] b]zsf] ;Demgf cfof] eg],
otfsf 6\ofª\ssf df5fsf] lt;{gf nfUof] eg], km]l/ kmsL{ cfcf] . g]kfndf ltdLx¿nfO{
;bf :jfut 5 . ;fOa]l/ofaf6 cfpg] r/fnfO{ xfdL a;{]lg :jfut ul//x]sf 5f}F, ltdLx¿sf]
klg ckdfg x'g]5}g .Æ
xfdL cl3 a9\of}F
.
n]kfIfL ;fgf]
ufpF xf] . ufpF k|j]z ug{] a]nfdf
bflxg]k6\l6 b'uf{dftfsf] dlGb/ /x]5 . gd:sf/ u¥of}F . clg ljzfn gGbL /x]5 .
csf{k6\l6 ljzfn 9'ª\ufdf h6fo' . k|x/L sfof{no, lah'nL clkm; / ;;fgf] ahf/ . ptf
dfly l9:sfdf jL/eb| dlGb/ . vfhf / vfgfsf xf]6n, gl/jn / c¿ kmnkm"nsf k;n,
df]6/;fOsn / ;fOsn dd{t ug{] js{;k . ls/fgf k;n / sk8f bf]sfg . klt{/ a; :6k
/x]5 . oxfFaf6 a; ptf lxGb'k'/ hfg] /x]5 . xfdL cf]ln{Pkl5 a; lxGb'k'/lt/
nfUof] . Pp6f ;fgf] xf]6ndf k;]/ emf]nfem\ofD6f s]xLa]/sf nflu /flvlbg eGof}F .
jL/eb| dlGb/ M
eujfg\ lzjsf] ?b| cyf{t\ l/;fxf ¿k xf] jL/eb| . of] dlGb/ dxfb]jdf ;dlk{t 5
. n]kfIfL ahf/sf] blIf0fL v08sf] Ps
ljzfn / cUnf] u|]gfO6 kTy/dfly 5 of] dlGb/ . o; l9:sfnfO{ s"d{z}n eGb5g\,
s5'jfsf] cfsf/sf] kxf8 ePsfn] s"d{z}n elgPsf] xf] . dflyaf6 j/k/sf] ;'Gb/
b[Zo x]g{ klg kfOG5 . of] dlGb/ ljhogu/ ;fd|fHosf a]nfdf lj?kGg gfosfn] ;g\
!%#) df agfPsf x'g\ elgG5 . lj?kGg gfos k]g'sf]08f clw/fHosf /fhf cRo't/fosf
;]gfklt lyP . pgLkl5 pg}sf efO jL/Ggn] afFsL sfd u/]/ dlGb/nfO{ k"0f{tf
lbPsf x'g\ .
oxfFsf] kxf8
cgf}7f] 5 . dlGb/ lgs} 7"nf] If]qkmndf km}lnPsf] eP klg of] Pp6} 9'ª\ufdf
a;]sf] 5 . dfly st}st} df6f] ePsfn] ?vla?jf / rp/df 3fF; 5g\ . jL/eb| dlGb/
;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf Ps} u|]gfO6 9'ª\ufdf a;]sf] :ki6 b]lvG5 . o:tf] dlGb/ d}n]
cGoq b]v]sf] 5}g . o;df cg]sf}F :tDe 5g\ / ;a}df g[To/t cK;/fx¿ a8f] snfTds
tl/sfn] s'FlbPsf 5g\ .
xfdLn] 3'dL3'dL
kmf]6f] lnof}F . dflg;x¿sf] eL8 lyPg . bz{g klg ;xh} ug{ kfof}F . ljzfn u|]gfO6
kTy/df >Lu0f]zsf] d"lt{ s'FlbPsf] 5 . csf{] 7fpFdf gfuåf/f /lIft
lnª\u]Zj/ ‘gfulnª\u]Zj/’ 5 . of] ef/tel/sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] gfulnª\u xf]
. o:t} oxfF Ps 7fpFdf kTy/df dfgj kfOnf]
s'FlbPsf] 5 . dflg;x¿ o;nfO{ ‘b'uf{ kfbd\’ eGbf /x]5g\ . s;}n] ;LtfkfOnf klg
eg] .
jL/eb|sf]
d"lt{df dfgjvKk/x¿sf] dfnf b]vfOPsf] 5 . ljzfn kj{t s'Fb]/ u'kmf agfOPsf]
5, d'Vo dlGb/ oxL xf] . aflx/ emndNn 3fd nfu]sf] lbgdf klg leq cGwsf/ 5 . bLksåf/f
jL/eb|sf] bz{g ul/G5, lah'nLaQL afn]/ bz{g ug{ ldNb}g . csf]{ v08df ljzfn
kTy/df lzj / kfj{tL s'FlbPsf 5g\ . csf{] 7fpFdf rflxF >Llji0f'sf] d"lt{
5 . of] ;a x]bf{ ljleGg sfnv08df ljleGg
dxf/fhf, /fhf / ;]gfkltn] yk sfd u/]sf] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . sltko sfd cw'/} kf]
x'g\ ls, o:t} g} agfpg] of]hgf kf] lyof] ls, :ki6 x'Fb}g . Ps v08df ;of}F :tDe
agfOPsf 5g\ . t/ ltgn] s'g} 5fgf] af]s]sf 5}gg\ . o;af6 oxfF sfd ubf{ub{}
vr{sf] cefj jf k|fyldstf ablnP/ cnkq 5fl8Psf] kf] xf] ls, jf ;doqmddf dflyNnf]
efu eTs]sf] jf x6fOPsf] xf], :ki6 x'Fb}g .
:sGbk'/f0fsf
cg';f/ of] :yfg lbJoIf]q xf] .
o; dlGb/sf] Pp6f
ljz]iftf s] eg] oxfF d'Vo d08kdf Pp6f lkNn/ t'Gb|'ª\u em'lG8Psf] 5 . o;nfO{
‘cfls{6]Sr/ dfe{]n’ elgG5– ejglgdf{0f lzNksf] cfZro{ . s'g} l;d]G6, P8x]l;e /
of]hs k|of]u gu/L s;/L Tof] :tDe e'OFdf g5f]Osg cl8Psf] 5, /x:o v'Nb}g . dflg;x¿ ‘u'?Tjfsif{0fsf] lgodnfO{ r'gf}tL
xf] of]’ eGbf /x]5g\ . d]/f] ljrf/df To; lkNn/nfO{ of t s'g} wft'n] pg]sf] 5 of
t OG6/nlsª k|lqmofåf/f c8\ofO/x]sf] 5 . o;eGbf a9L s] /x:o x'G5 / <
xfdLn] Pp6f uD5f
lkNn/d'lg l5/fpg sf]l;; u¥of}F . t/ Ps s'gfdf kmf]xf]/x¿ hDgfn] uD5f l5/]g . Ps
hgf la|l6; OlGhlgo/n] of] lkNn/ ;fg{ vf]h]sf lyP . t/ o;sf] km]b km':sfpg ;s]
klg dflyNnf] v08 v':sfpg ldn]g . o;sf/0f of] To; ;dob]lv x\ofª\luª lkn/sf]
gfdn] rlr{t 5 .
oxfFsf ;Q/L
:tDedf h'g snfsfl/tf s'FlbPsf 5g\ ltgsf] gSsn u/]/ ;f/Lx¿df l8hfOg agfpg] rng 5
. o;y{ oL snfsfl/tfnfO{ ;f8L–a'6\6f klg elgG5 .
jL/eb| dlGb/aflx/
Ps 7fpFdf lgMz'Ns vfgf vfg cfOlbg'xf]nf eGg] efjsf] ;"rgf kf6L /x]5 . xfdL
leq k:of}F . ;kmf;'U3/ / cfsif{s ejg 5 . vfgf ljt/0f ug{]x¿ / vfg]x¿ wdfwddf
lyP . o;f] x]bf{ of] lgMz'Ns vfgf k|bfg ug{]x¿ k];]j/ sd{rf/L xf]Ogg\, o; ;x/sf
wgLdfgL u0odfGox¿ x'g\ h:tf] b]lvof] .
vfgf ;fwf/0f xf]
. eft, bfn / clnslt t/sf/L . ;kmfOdf /fd|/L Wofg lbOPsf] x'gfn] ;a}n] v';L;fy
vfof}F . vfgf vfO;s]kl5 d cufl8k6\l6sf] 8]:sdf a;]sf dflg;x¿ ePsf] 7fpFdf k'u]F
.
Ps hgf dflg;
/l;bsf] a's lnP/ a;]sf lyP . c¿ klg ;'lsnfd'lsnf / k|;GglrQ dflg;x¿ a;]sf lyP .
pgLx¿nfO{ d}n] ;f]w]F– æolt vfgfsf] vr{sf] ;|f]t s] xf] lg <Æ
æko{6s / :yfgLo bftfx¿af6
:j]R5fn] lbg] rGbf ;xof]u xf] .Æ
æs'g} u'7L jf
;/sf/L ;xof]u 5 ls 5}g t <Æ
æ5}g . ko{6s /
tLy{ofq'n] rGbf lbG5g\ . o;afx]s :yfgLo pBf]uklt, Jofkf/L / ;xof]uLx¿af6 k|fKt
gub tyf lhG;Laf6 rn]sf] 5 .Æ
æslt hgfnfO{
v'jfpg'x'G5 lg <Æ
ænueu b'O{ xhf/
hgfnfO{ . cfhrflxF clns sd pkl:ylt x'g] b]lvPsf] 5 .Æ
æb'O{–b'O{ xhf/
dfG5]nfO{ s;/L v'jfpg ;lsG5 lg lbgx'F
<Æ dnfO{ cfZro{ nfUof] .
ælbgx'F xf]Og,
cfOtjf/ dfq xf] . Tof] klg Ps 5fs dfq .Æ
æP, P .Æ aNn
a'em]F d}n] .
clg rGbf ;xof]u
k'l:tsfdf g]kfnaf6 klg s;} g s;}sf] gfd /flvof];\ eGgfvflt/ d}n] s]xL ?lkofF
rGbf:j¿k lbPF . xfdLnfO{ cfkm"n] lgMz'Ns vfg'k/]sf] ckdfgaf]w klg gxf];\,
xfd|f] pkl:ylt klg b]lvof];\ eGg] lx;fa u/]/ rGbf lbPF . pgLx¿ v';L eP . xfdL
klg v';L eP/ kmls{of}F .
aflx/ lg:s]/ xfdL
lxF8]/} ptf gGbLlt/ uof}F . oxfFsf] gGbL ljzfn 5 . Pp6} u|]gfO6 kTy/ sf6L
agfOPsf] of] gGbL ‘ljZjsf 7"nf’ gGbLdWo] kb{5 . of] ;f9] rf/ ld6/ cUnf] /
;jf cf7 ld6/ nfdf] 5 . ef/tsf ;a}eGbf
7"nf gGbLx¿ qmdzM o;k|sf/ 5g\ M
!= dxfgGbLZj/
dlGb/ -cfGw|k|b]zsf] s'/g'n, !% lkm6
cUnf], @& lkm6 nfdf]_
@= n]kfIfL gGbL
-cfGw|k|b]zsf] n]kfIfL, !$=% lkm6 cUnf], @&=% lkm6 nfdf]_
#= rfd'08L gGbL
-s0ff{6ssf] d};'/, !^ lkm6 cUnf], @% lkm6 nfdf]_
$= a[xbLZj/ gGbL
-tldngf8'sf] t]Ghf}/, !# lkm6 cUnf], !^ lkm6 nfdf]_
pl8;fsf]
eGhgu/df, tldngf8'sf] uª\ufO{sf]08f rf]nfk'/d\df c¿ 7"nf gGbLx¿ 5g\ .
xfDkLsf] lj¿kfIf gGbL, a}ª\unf]/sf] lau a'n, ohGtL -s'/g'n_, Wofglnª\u
-sf]oDa6'/_, gGbL dlGb/ -vh'/fxf]_, /fd]Zj/ gGbL -/fd]Zj/_ cflb klg 7"nf, w]/}
k"hgLo / rlr{t 5g\ . d};"/sf] rfd'08L kj{tsf] gGbL dlGb/sf] gfd lng]
k|;ª\udf d}n] s'g 7"nf] gGbL xf]nf eGg] ;"rL agfpFbf j/Lotfsf] cs{}
qmd lbPsf] 5' . Tof] qmdeGbf of] cflwsfl/s xf] eGg] dnfO{ nfU5 .
gGbLsf] jl/kl/
;'Gb/ kfs{ 5 . xl/of] rf}/ 5 . o;nfO{ /fd|/L ;hfOPsf] /x]5 . ;a}lt/ 3'Dof}F .
w]/} kmf]6f] klg lnof}F . To;}a]nf 6fpsfdf df6fsf 3}nf af]s]/ :yfgLo uLt ufpFb}
dlxnfx¿ gGbL eP7fpF k'u] . s'g} wfld{s pT;jsf] h'n'; lyof] Tof] . To; h'n';sf sf/0f s]xLa]/ kmf]6f] ;];g
layf]lnof] . tL uPkl5 dflg;x¿n] gGbLsf] cufl8 pleP/ wdfwd kmf]6f] lnP . xfdLn]
kf]h–kf]hsf kmf]6f] lnof}F .
lxF8\g] a]nf
eOxfNof] . ptf klt{/ ljzfn l9:sf] lyof] . To; cUnf] l9:sfsf] 7"nf] 9'ª\ufdf
Pp6f ljzfn r/f] p8\g nfu]h:tf] ;flns agfOPsf] lyof] . Tof] r/f] h6fo'
lyof] . dflg;x¿ ;NanfO/x]sf lyP . olt
k/af6 x]bf{ dfG5]x¿ sldnfhqf b]lvGy] .
xfdL stfaf6 ToxfF
hfg] xf], ;f]w]/ k"j{ nfUof}F . glhs} b]lvg] h6fo' k'Ug t emGg} cfwf 306f
nfUof] . k|j]z z'Ns lt/]/ leq kfs{df k:of}F . clg kmnfd] l;F9L eP/ dflydfly
r9\g yfNof}F . a8]a8] u|]gfO6 9'ª\uf 5g\ / ;a}eGbf 7"nf] 9'ª\ufdf x]dfgsf]
h6fo' p8\g nfu]sf] 5 . xfdL dfly r9\of}F . dflyaf6 n]kfIfL ahf/, k/k/sf ljzfn
6\ofª\s gfdsf hnfzox¿, jg b]lvGy] . klZrddf jL/eb|sf] dlGb/ b]lvGYof] . k/k/sf
kxf8, d}bfg / ufpFx¿ klg b]lvP . df};d Psbd ;kmf x'gfn] b[Zofjnf]sg oxfF
cfpg'sf] yk pknlAw eof] .
d}n] efg'eStsf]
/fdfo0fdf /fd–nId0fn] h6fo'nfO{ e]6\tfsf] k|;ª\u ;Dem]F M
x] efO{ Û wg' b]p b'i6 ldln uf] df5{" d
af0f} w/L .
vfGof o]lx /x]5 x]/
a'lemof] kN6]5 v'k\ k]6\ e/L ..-((_
;"Gof aft\ / h6fo'n]
klg xjfn\ j[Qf+t laGtL u¥of .
;"gL k"0f{ bof
eof] glhs u} 5fDof / ;a\ tfk\ x¥of ..
;Ltfsf] ;drf/\ va/\ slx
txfF ;fd\g] h6fo" d¥of .
:gfg\ bfxf ul/ df+;lk08x¿
bL j|mLof k|e"n] u¥of ..-!))_ -c/0osf08, efg'eStsf] /fdfo0f_
dxfanLk'/d\df s[i0fsf] gf}gLsf] 8Nnf] gfdn] lrlgg]
9'ª\uf]h:tf 9'ª\uf t oxfF cfwf bh{geGbf a9L /x]5g\ . s'g} lgs} 7"nf t s'g}
;fgf . s'g}s'g} t tLgrf/ hgfn] kN6fpg ;d]t ;Sg]
. ;a}lt/ 3'dL3'dL x]¥of}F . pQ/L
cfsfzdf k/k/ afbnsf kftnf y]Unf b]lvFb} lyP . cToGt ;'Gb/ . ;a}lt/sf] kmf]6f]
lvRof}F . lgs} ;d"x cfP, uP, km]l/ cfP / uP t/ xfdL ToxfFaf6 cf]n{g k6Ss}
rfx]gf}F . o'j/fh bfh'n] eGg'eof]– æefO Û nf} ca em/f}F .Æ
bfh' cl3 nfUg'eof] . efph" klg lxFl8xfNg'eof] . pxfFx¿
Tolt nfdf] l;F9L cf]ln{;Sg'x'Fbf klg xfdL b'O{ ;f]xL ljzfn 9'ª\ufaf6 b[Zokfgdf
n6\7 lyof}F .
cGTodf ;Ltf s/fOg\– æbfh'–lbbLx¿ sxfF k'lu;Sg'eof] <Æ
xfdL klg qmdzM cf]n{g yfNof}F . hLjg oxL xf], 7fpF 5f]8\g
dg gnfu] klg 5f8\g'k5{ . dg{ gnfu] klg d[To'sf] ;do cfpF5 .
tn cf]n{]/ r6k6] vfof}F . clg pQ/k6\l6sf] km"naf/Ldf
kmf]6f] lvRof}F .
ca xfdLn] a; ;dfTg] a]nf eof] . lxGb'k'/ hfg] a; kqm]/
xfdLn] n]kfIfLnfO{ 5f8\of}F .
lxGb'k'/ k'u]/ s]xL vfhf vfof}F . clg csf{] a; klqmof}F .
o; a;n] xfdLnfO{ lxGb'k'/af6 uf}/Llabfg'/, dfGr]gxNnL, lrSsaNnk'/ x'Fb}
a}ª\Unf]/ k'¥ofof] .
;dod} a}ª\Unf]/ cfOk'luof] . xfdL a;]sf] xf]6nglhs}
;fFemdf sk8f, h'Qf, v]nf}gf cflbsf] 7"nf] ahf/ nfU5 . 5 ah]b]lv gf}–b;
ah];Dd . a]n'sf uP/ s]xL sk8f h'Qf cflb lsGof}F . kl/jf/sf ;b:o, 5/l5d]sL /
cfkmGtdWo] s]xLnfO{ ;Dem]/ ;6{, 6L–;6{, :s6{, s'tf{, emf]nf, k;{ cflb pkxf/
lbgsf nflu .
;f] /ft a}ª\Unf]/sf] xf]6n ;Gdfgdf jf; a:of}F .
gf]e]Da/ !#, @)@# pgGtL;f}F
lbg, xf]6n ;Gdfg, a}ª\unf]/ .
efph" lgs}
lbgcl3b]lv, cyf{t\ xfd|f] ofqfsf] b;f}F–P3f/f}F lbgb]lv Pp6f dfudf b[9
x'g'x'GYof]– æxfdLnfO{ otf s]xL lsGg glbg] eP clGtdsf] Ps k"/f lbg
lsgd]nsf nflu lbg'k5{ . oqf] nfdf] ofqfdf lg:s]sf 5f}F, cfkm\gf, 5/l5d]snfO{
;fgf]ltgf] eP klg s]xL g s]xL pkxf/ nUg'k5{ . lsGgsf nflu k"/f Ps lbg
lbg'k5{ lg .Æ
d}n] cfhsf]
lbgnfO{ pko'St 7fg]F .
æefph" .
xfdLn] s]xL vl/bf/L ug{' 5}g . h]hlt ug{ dg lyof] lxhf] a]n'sf lslgxfNof}F .
tkfO{Fx¿ lsgd]n ug'{xf]nf . xfdL c/ljGbhLsxfF e]63f6sf nflu hfg dg 5 .
ælsg hfg] <
lrGg' g hfGg' . km];a'sdf lrg]sf] dfG5] klg ;fyL x'G5 <Æ efph"n] of]
lg0f{o cgfjZos jf uNtL kf] xf] ls eg]/ ;+zo k|s6 ug'{eof] .
æk'/fg} xf] ;fyL
. b; jif{ eof] . xfdLn] hLjgsf cg]s ptf/r9fjdf cg]s ljifodf 5nkmn u/]sf 5f}F,
cGtlqm{of u/]sf 5f}F . xfdL hfFbf xfdLnfO{ klg, pgnfO{ klg v';Lsf] s'/f x'G5 .Æ
d}n] eg]F .
ækm];a'sdf
e]l6Psf] dfG5];Fu s] s'/f x'g' / b'Mv;'vsf <Æ bfh'n] cfZro{ k|s6 ug'{eof] .
ækf]xf]/ pgsf
afa' la/fdL x'Fbf pxfFx¿aLr lg/Gt/ s'/fsfgL ePsf] d}n] hfg]sL 5' . dh}sf] 5
dfG5] . p;n] g]kfnL s]6L;Fu lax] ug{ rfx]sf] lyof], Pp6L s]6L pt} a}ª\Unf]/df
a;]/ k9]sL / cr]n pt} sfd u/]/ a;]sL 5], w/fgsL s]6L, Ps hgf n]Sr//sL 5f]/L .
pxfFn] s]6fsf] cg'/f]wdf s'/f klg rnfOlbg'ePsf] lyof], t/ s'/f ldn]g cGTodf .Æ
;Ltfn] elgg\ .
æP/f]gl6sn
OlGhlgo/ xf] . lbbL klg OlGhlgo/ . afa' laltxfn], SofG;/n] . clg lax]sf] s'/}
/f]lsof] .Æ d}n] eg]F .
bfh'efph"n]
o:tf km];a'sdf e]l6Psf ;fyLsf] 3/df rf/ hgf x"n afFw]/ s] hfg] eG7fGg'x'G5
eGg] lrGtf lyof] ;Ltf / dnfO{ . ctM pxfFx¿nfO{ vl/bf/Lsf] sfddf Jo:t /xglbP/
xfdLn] ptf pgsf] 3/ k'uL cfpg] ljrf/ u¥of}F .
æxfdL o]nfxfª\sf
k'Ug / cfpg a;nfO{ b'O{tLg 306f nfluxfN5 . pgLx¿sxfF Ps 306f al;of] eg] kms{Fbf
afx|–Ps aHnf . xh'/x¿n] o;aLr lsgd]nsf] sfd ;lsxfNg'x'G5 . s]xL afFsL /x]df
a]n'sf 5Fb} 5 . ef]ln g xf] kms{g] . s] ef] / <Æ d}n] eg]F .
pxfFx¿ ;Gt'i6
x'g'eof] . xfdL laxfg ;f9] ;ft ah]
o]nfxfª\sfsf nflu a; r9\of}F . o]nfxfª\sf a; :6kdf cf]n{]kl5 kmf]g u/]F– æxfdL
a; :6kdf 5f}F .Æ
æd cfOxfn]F .
Psbd glhs} .Æ c/ljGbhLn] eg] .
geGb} kfFr–5
ldg]6df xfdL a;]sf] /]:6'/fFsf] cufl8 cfP/ Pp6f sf/ /f]lsof] . ;fgf] sf/af6
;f9] 5 lkm6 cUnf], Pdfgsf] 5ftL ePsf] sfnf]sfnf] dfG5] cf]ln{of] . lel8of] sndf
b]v]sf] cg'xf/ / of] dfG5] Psbd cnu lyof] . d}n] ;f]r]sf] eGbf t Psbd
7"nf] dflg; /x]5g\ c/ljGb . pgL d':sfpFb} xfdL eP7fpF cfP . gd:sf/
cfbfgk|bfg rNof] . clg pgsf] sf/df k;]/ pgsf] 3/lt/ nfUof}F .
sf/ Pp6f ljzfn
ckf6{d]G6 lalN8ªdf k:of] . pgLx¿ ;ftf}F tnfdf a:tf /x]5g\ . eJo ckf6{d]G6
lalN8ª . oqf] ckf6{d]G6df PSnL cfdfnfO{ slt ;'Gg] x'Fbf] xf] . 5f]/f] gf]P8f .
5f]/L cfkm\g} 3/df . HjfOF Joj:yfks, 5f]/L OlGhlgo/, 5f]/f] OlGhlgo/ . t/
cwa}F;] pd]/sL ljwjf cfdf PSnL olt 7"nf] ckf6{d]G6sf] olt 7"nf]
km\Nof6df .
Ps 306fhlt cg]s
ljifodf ukm u¥of}F M efiff, ;flxTo, k];f, wg;DklQ, cWofTdbz{g, ef/t, g]kfn .
3/df kl08t cfP .
cfwf 306fhlt k"hfcfhf u/] . kl/jf/ cToGt wd{eL? /x]5 . >Lj}i0fj dt
dfGg] . /fdfg'hfrfo{nfO{ eujfg\sf] cjtf/ dfGg] . xfdL /fdfg'hfrfo{sf] ynf]
>L/ª\ud\ bz{gkl5 cfPsf x'gfn] clns ;xh eof] . ;Ltf zfsfxf/L, pgnfO{ emg\ ;xh
x'g] eOxfNof] .
cfdfrflxF
cª\u|]hL ghfGg], lxGbL ga'em\g], g]kfnL a'em\g] t s'/} cfPg . a8f] c;lhnf]
kl/l:ylt aGof] . vfln gd:sf/ / d':sfg dfq ;f6f;f6 x'g ;Sof] . clg cr{gf cfOg\ .
pgsf b'O{ 5f]/f5f]/L /x]5g\ . 5f]/f sIff ;ftdf k9\g], 5f]/L ;fgL . t/
u'l8ofh:tL . 5f]/LrflxF Ps}l5gdf ;Ltf;Fu n'6'k'6' ug{ yflng\ . 5f]/f klg a8f]
1fgL . pgnfO{ d}n] of] dGq l;sfPF M
uª\u] r od'g] r}j uf]bfj/L ;/:jtL
gd{bf l;Gw' sfj]/L hn]l:dg\ ;lGglw+ s'?
..
;f9] afx| ah] vfgf vfof}F . aLrdf cr{gf /
c/ljGbhL;Fu nfdfnfdf s'/fsfgL eP, /fhgLlt, wd{ / ;flxTodf . ;flxTodf klg lxGbL
;flxTosf] ljifodf . clg ef/t–g]kfn ;DaGw . ;f+:s[lts ;dfgtf . nfdf] ;dob]lv
lg/Gt/ ;Dks{ eO/x]sf] / @)&^ ;fndf cfpg] ;kgf b]Vtf v';L k|s6 ug{] ;fyLsf]
3/df k'Ubf x'g] efjfTdstfn] xfdL el/of}F .
d}n] cfkm\gf
k"j{h s'g} ;dodf s0ff{6s /fHosf] d};"/ b/af/df /fhu'? /x]sf] /
sfnfGt/df g]kfn k;]sf] j+zfjnL Oltxf; atfPF . pgLx¿ To; e]usf 7"nf hldGbf/
vns /x]5g\ . OlGb/f ufGwL k|wfgdGqL ePsf] ;dodf hldGbf/L k|yfsf] cGTo ePkl5 ;a}
hldg vf]l;Psf] /x]5 .
xfdL a}ª\Unf]/
k'Ug] s'/fn] pT;flxt ldq olQsf nflu lbNnLaf6 a}ª\Unf]/ cfPsf lyP . hLjgdf
Ps}kN6 klg e]6\g gkfPsf], hftLo eflifs k];fut pd]/ s'g} lx;fan] klg ;dfgtf
g/x]sf] eP klg xfd|f aLr k|]d emfFluP/ cfPsf] lyof] . h;/L eP klg pgL;Fu e]6\g]
Jou| rfxgf dleq lyof], pgLleq klg .
;b\efj / k|]dsf] o;eGbf 7"nf] cleJolSt s] x'G5 / <
clg xfdL
c/ljGbhLsL cfdfn] rnfpg'ePsf] ld7fO{ pBf]u x]g{ uof}F . cg]s lsl;dsf s]s,
kfp/f]6L, bfndf]7, e'lhof cflbsf] pTkfbg x'Fbf] /x]5 . pxfFnfO{ Jo:t /fVgsf
nflu klg of] sfd h?/L /x]5 .
ca t'?Gt}
c/ljGbhL ptf gf]P8f hfg], clg cfdf 3/df PSnfsf] PSn} .
g/dfOnf] nfUof] .
;DklQ eP/ dfq gx'g] /x]5, ;Gtfg eP/ dfq klg gx'g] /x]5 . hLjgnfO{ ;'vL, ;Gt'i6
/ Jo:t /fVg cg]s kl/l:ylt cg's"n x'g'kg{] /x]5 . hLjg hxfF klg p:t} /x]5 .
wgLsf] hLjg / ul/asf] hLjgdf ;dfgtfx¿ g} w]/} /x]5g\ . xfdLn] a}ª\Unf]/sf] o;
3/df cfP/ O{Zj/, kl/jf/, 3/, ;DklQ, ;fdflhs k|lti7f, kfl/jfl/s lhDd]bf/L,
/fhgLlt, z}lIfs pknlAw, cfly{s pGglt / k];fut k|ult cyf{t\ sl/c/sf af/] ef/tLo
sf]0faf6 clnslt eP klg lrxfpg] df}sf kfof}F .
bfh' /
efph"nfO{ klg hfcf}F eg]sf] eP sltko lx;fan] /dfOnf] g} x'g] lyof] . t/
w]/} lx;fan] pxfFx¿nfO{ k6\of/ nfUg] /x]5, c/ljGbhLx¿nfO{ klg c;xh x'g] /x]5 .
;xL lg0f{o eP5 bfh' / efph"nfO{ pt} a}ª\Unf]/df lsgd]nsf nflu /xg lbP/ .
clg xfdL dh]l:6s kmls{of}F . bfh' / efph"n] o;aLr lgs}yf]s lsgd]n ug'{eP5
. pxfFx¿n] glhs}sf sltko dlGb/, ahf/ / c¿ s'/f x]g'{ klg eP5 . Ps lsl;dn] pxfFx¿n]
:jtGqtfk"j{s cfkm}F kl/j]zsf] cjnf]sg ug{ kfpg'eP5 . of] klg pknlAw g}
eof] .
a]n'sf km]l/
ahf/df uof}F . sk8f, kmnkm"n, ;AhLefhL, v]nf}gf, a]N6, k;{ / h'QfrKknsf]
d]nf lyof] . vf;u/L sk8f / h'QfrKknsf] d]nf . clg snd, k]lG;n cflb :6];g/L klg
s]xL 7fpFdf b]lvP . xfdLn] vf;} s]xL
lsGg' lyPg . ;a}lt/ 3'dL3'dL x]¥of}F .
a]n'sf jf; ;Gdfg
xf]6nd} eof] .
!$ gf]e]Da/, @)@#, dª\unjf/,
tL;f}F lbg, xf]6]n ;Gdfg, a}ª\Unf]/
laxfg rfF8} p7\of}F . Psl5g dlg{ª jfsdf uof}F, rf/} hgf .
lrofl;of vfP/ kmsL{ cfpFbf ;ft ah]sf] lyof] xf]nf . b; ah]sf] 6«]g lyof] .
dh]l:6saf6 P;PdeL6L :6];g k'Ug a;df uP ;jf 306f / c6f]df uP k}FtfnL; ldg]6 nfU5
eg]/ xf]6njfnfn] eGof] . xfdLn] ;f9] b; ah]sf] 6«]g kqmg' lyof] . 3/ kms{gsf
nflu . ctM xfdL ;f9] gf} ah]leqdf ToxfF k'Ug rfxGYof}F . 38L x]/]sf], a;af6 uP
klg k'lug] b]lvof] . xfdL a; :6]g ;f]Wb} / vf]Hb} cl3 a9\of}F . cl:tsf eGbf c¿
Ps Ps emf]nf a9]sf lyP . ef/L bf]Aa/ ux|f}F ePsf] lyof] . clnslt lxF8\g klg
Psbd c;lhnf] eO/x]sf] lyof] .
aNnaNn k'Uof}F .
xfd|f] 6«]gsf] ;do;f/0fL rf}aL; 306f kl5 ;/]sf] /x]5 .
lbSbf/ eOof] . ca oltsf emf]nf af]sLaf]sL stf hfg] < bfh' / d}n] otfptf
sf]7f vf]Hof}F . eg]h:tf] kfOPg .
æa? dh]l:6s g} hfcf}F, xf]6n ;Gdfg . cfhsf] lbg st} gofF
7fpFdf 3'Dg hfcf}Fnf . clg ef]ln km]l/ cfcf}Fnf g .Æ d}n] eg]F .
;Nnfx ldNof] . clg ;a} kmsL{ cfOxfNof}F .
æPs lbg cltl/St kfOof], o;nfO{ klg xfd|} ;'vdo ofqfdf
vrf}{F .Æ bfh'n] eGg'eof] .
æx}g . df]h u/f}F . dhfn] lbge/ ;'ltlbcf}F, ptf kms]{/ .Æ
;Ltfn] elgg\ .
æ;'Tgsf nflu vf6 t 3/df klg 5Fb} 5 lg, cfPsf] a]nfdf Pp6f
gofF 7fpF g} x]/f}F .Æ efph"n] eGg'eof] .
æsxfF hfg] t < a}ª\Unf]/s} s'g} gofF 7fpF x]/f}F ls
< a}ª\Unf]/sf] lsNnf, /fhb/af/ / c¿ w]/} s'/f b]Vg afFsL g} 5 . tL x]/f}F .
ls o; ;x/aflx/sf] csf{] s'g} ;fgf]ltgf] ;x/sf] dxŒjk"0f{ 7fpF x]/f}F <Æ
d}n] ofq'bnsf ;b:oaLr cfkm\gf] s'/f /fv]F .
æo; ljifodf lg0f{o lng] sfd efOsf] .Æ efph"sf] ljrf/
cfof] . bfh'nfO{ x]/]F, bfh'sf] /fo klg
oxL b]lvof] . ;LtfrflxF st} hfg gk/] klg x'g] lyof] eGg]df lyOg\ .
æstf hfg' / v} < t'ds'?, sf]nf/ / xf];'/ 5g\ oxfFaf6
Ps} lbgdf uP/ ;xh} cfOk'Ug] ko{6sLo :yfg .Æ d}n] eg]F .
æs'grflxF glhssf] 7fpF xf] lg <Æ ;Ltfn] ;f]lwg\ .
æt'ds'? ;Q/L–c;L lsnf]ld6/ k/ 5, sf]nf/ sl/a krf;
lsnf]ld6/hlt 5, xf];'/rflxF clns glhs 5, of]rflxF nueu rfnL; lsnf]ld6/dfq 5 .
t/ t'ds'?df ko{6sLo :ynx¿ ;a}lt/ 3'Dg k"/f Ps lbg nfU5 . of] Jofkfl/s,
cf}Bf]lus / P]ltxfl;s gu/ xf] . a;kfs{af6 h'g;'s} :yfg klg 6f9} 5g\ . xfdLnfO{
cfh Totf hfg' 7Ls x'Fb}g . cfwf lbg latfO;Sg nfUof}F . sf]nf/ wfld{s ;x/ of] . ToxfF
w]/} dlGb/ 5g\ . 3'Dg nfos 5 . xf];'/rflxF ;fgf] ;x/ xf] . ToxfF Pp6f dfq rlr{t
dlGb/ 5– rGb|r"8]Zj/ .Æ
ærGb|r"8]Zj/ hfcf}F . xf];'/ .Æ ;Ltfn] elgg\ . vf;df
pgL sdeGbf sd 3'Dg rfxlGyg\ . To;}n] pgn] of] :yfgsf] kIfdf dt hfx]/ u/]sL x'g\
.
clg xfdL c6f] kqm]/ xf];'/ hfg] a; :6]G8 uof}F . a;n] nueu
b'O{ 306fdf xf];'/ k'¥ofof] .
xf];'/ k'Ubf kfgL cf]Ol/of] . ;'?df t dl;gf] em/Ldfq
lyof], la:tf/} em/L a9\b} uof] . xfdLn] o;kflnsf] ofqfdf 5ftf af]s]sf lyPgf}F .
To; lbg;Dd 5ftf rflxPsf] lyPg . oxfF em/Lsf] km]nf kl/of] .
em/Ldf a; :6]G8sf] lxnf] / kmf]x/n] xf];'/sf] ofqfnfO{
layf]Nof] . xf];'/ k'u]kl5 a]sf/ otf cfOP5 eGg] eof] . t/ cfOxflnof], s]xL t
x]/]/} hfcf}F g eGg] ;Nnfx eof] .
clg c6f] kqm]/ rGb|r"8]Zj/ dlGb/ k'Uof}F . xfdL k'Ubf
8]9 ah]sf] lyof] Sof/, dlGb/ rf/ ah] dfq v'N5 eg] :yfgLon] . csf{] km;fbdf
kl/of] . of]hgfljxLg ofqfn] s:tf] kl/0ffd NofpF5, eGg g;lsg] . xfdL Pskl5 csf{]
k|lts"ntfsf] kmGbfdf kl//x\of}F . kfgL clncln kl//x\of], /f]lsg dfGb}
dfg]g . klZrdlt/sf] kftnf] jg, k"j{ / pQ/lt/sf] cf}Bf]lus tyf Jofkfl/s ;x/L
v08 w'lDdP/ s'¿k b]lvO/x\of] .
rf/ aHg nfUbf kfgL yfldof] . clns p3f/f] eof] . ;x/ klg
clns ;kmf b]lvof] . otfptf kmf]6f] lvr]/ ;do latfpg sf]l;; ul//x\of}F . rf/ ah]
v'Ng] elgPsf] dlGb/ ;f9] rf/ ah]dfq v'Nof] .
dlGb/ ljzfn /x]5 . bz{g ug{ kfOof] . ;'Gb/ / Jojl:yt klg .
kl08tx¿n] xf];'/sf] rGb|r"8]Zj/sf] af/]df atfP .
o; If]qdf tldn, sGg8f / t]n'u' efiff af]lnG5 . oL tLg
efiffsf] ;ª\udynf] xf] xf];'/ . rGb|r"8]Zj/ lzjhLsf] dlGb/ xf] . oxfF lzjkTgL
kfj{tLnfO{ df/utDan elgG5 . df/utd\sf] cy{ xl/of] / cDansf] cy{ dftf x'G5
. rGb|r"8]Zj/sf] cy{ xf] rGb|dfnfO{ lz/df
uxgfsf] ¿kdf nufpg'x'g] O{Zj/ .
o; dlGb/sf] k|:6 Oltxf; 5}g . a|x\df08k'/f0fsf] eb|lul/ dfxfTDod\df o;
:yfgsf] k|;ª\u cfpF5 . o;af6 a'lemG5, o; :yfgdf k'/f0fsfnb]lv g} lzjhLsf] s'g}
:j¿ksf] dlGb/ lyof] . rf]n ;fd|fHo, xf]o;nf ;fd|fHo / ljhogu/ ;fd|fHosf] ;dodf
o; dlGb/sf] yk pGglt eof], k|rf/k|;f/ eof] . ;DejtM O{= !@^) lt/ xf]o;nf /fhf
lt?k'jgdNn kj{t/fh clGtofHj/n] agfPsf x'g\ . t]x|f}F ztfAbLsf] Ps lznfn]vdf s'g
/fhfn] slt bfg u/] eGg] s'FlbPsf] 5 . t]Ghf}/sf /fhf /fh]Gb| rf]nn] klg o;sf] lgdf{0fdf yk of]ubfg u/]
eg]/ a}ª\Unf]/sf] lzj dlGb/sf] Ps lznfn]vdf pNn]v 5 . /fhf chfsLo k]?dn
cfltd"nd\n] o;sf] k'glg{df{0f u/fP eg]/ Oltxf;df pNn]v ePsf] 5 . o;
dlGb/sf] af/]df s]xL ljZjk|l;4 8s'd]G6/L ag]sf 5g\ eg] s]xL zf]wsfo{ klg ePsf
5g\ .
æs[i0flul/ lhNnfsf s]xL lzj dlGb/x¿Æ eGg] zf]wu|Gydf o;
dlGb/sf] af/]df yk ;"rgf kfOG5 .
kms]{/ a}ª\nf]/ cfOk'Ubf a]n'sfsf] cf7 ah]sf] lyof] .
!& gf]e]Da/, @)@#, z'qmjf/, t]QL;f}F lbg .
xfdL ;dod} xf]6naf6 labf eO{ P;PdeL6L a}ª\Unf]/ :6];g
cfof}F . 6«]g ;dod} cfof] . r9\of}F .
la6 dfb{}
ofqfsf] ljifodf Pp6f ;'Gb/ sljtf 5 lxGbLdf . s;n] n]v]sf] xf] yfxf 5}g,
t/ oL nfOg ;D´G5' M
dlGhn sL tnfz d]+
o] sf/jfF rnf uof
dlGhn tf] ldn xL
uO{ k/ ox sf/jfF ;] Kof/ xf] uof .
dnfO{ cS;/ ofqfdf o:t} cg'e"lt x'g]u5{ . d]/f] hLjg u'gf;f] ug'{kg]{
u/L b'MvL, c;kmn of k6Øf/nfUbf] t 5}g t/ hLjgnfO{ csf]{ sf]0faf6 lrxfpg]
nfn;fn] ofqfdf k7fpF5 . ha d gf}nf] 7fpFdf k'U5', cfkm"nfO{ ToxfF e]l6Psf]
s'g} ;djo:s k'?ifsf] :yfgdf /flvx]5'{ / hLjgnfO{ p;sf] cfFvfaf6 lrxfOx]5'{ . d
Tot} st} lhGbuL latfpg kfP s:tf] x'GYof] xf]nf sNkgf u5'{ . t/ hLjgdf
cfkm"n] oxfF sdfPsf pknlAwx¿ ToxfF lnP/ hfg] xf] eg] oxfF afFr]sf] hLjgsf]
5fofn] ToxfF afFRg rfx]sf] hLjgnfO{ 5]lnlbg]5 eGg] nfU5 . To;}n] nIodf lxF8]/
k'u]kl5 nIonfO{ eGbf a9L k|]d t ofqfnfO{ ug{ kf] yflng] /x]5 . hLjg nIo xf]Og,
ofqf xf], hLjg kl/0flt xf]Og of] t k|lqmof xf] . To;}n] hLjg gofF 7fpFdf nu]/
la;fpg lxF8]sf] ofqL la;fpgLnfO{ k5fl8 5f8]/ ofqfdf k'gM lg:sG5 . o;k6s d
ef/tsf s]/nf, tldngf8', s0ff{6s / cfGw| k|b]z /fHosf s]xL :yfgnfO{ nIo dfg]/
lxF8]sf] x'F, t/ klg ofqf Toltd} /f]lsg]jfnf 5}g .
)))
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