कार्यपत्र

 Ho]i7 gful/s gu/ ;dGjo ;ldlt O6x/Lsf] tkm{af6 k|:t't

g]kfndf Ho]i7 gful/ssf r'gf}tL / /fHon] tTsfn ug{ ;Sg] sfo{x¿

-;ª\lIfKt cjwf/0ffkq_

 

!_ k[i7e"ld

Ho]i7 gful/ssf] kl/efiff pd]/sf] cfwf/df ul/g] rng 5 . g]kfnh:tf b]zx¿df ^) jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf dflg;nfO{ Ho]i7 gful/s elgG5 . gful/ssf] cf};t cfo' a9\b} hfgfn] oxfF Ho]i7 gful/sx¿sf] hg;ª\Vofdf lg/Gt/ j[l4 x'Fb} 5 . g]kfndf xfn sl/a !) k|ltzt gful/s ^) jif{ gf3]sf 5g\ eGg] cfFsng 5 . ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf] k|If]k0fcg';f/ casf] kRrL; jif{df ljZje/df ^% jif{ gf£g] Ho]i7 gful/sx¿sf] ;ª\Vof !^ k|ltzt k'Ug]5 . ljsl;t b]zx¿df Ho]i7 gful/ssf] lx:;f g]kfnsf x]/L lgs} a9L x'G5 .

cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf nflu rSsfhfd, 3]/fp, tf]8kmf]8;lxtsf] cfGbf]ng ug{;Sg] ju{ jf ;d'bfosf ;d:oflt/ dfq g]kfn ;/sf/, /fhg}lts bn / dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+:yfsf] Wofg cfslif{t x'g] u/]sf] 5 . Ho]i7 gful/sx¿sf hfoh ;jfn / dfuk|lt jf:tf ug]{ km';{t s;}nfO{ 5}g . o:tf sf/0fn] ubf{ xfdLsxfF a'9\of}nL hLjg /f]u, zf]s / dfgl;s lrGtfh:tf cg]sf}F r'gf}tLn] 3]l/Psf] 5 .

@_ Ho]i7 gful/ssf] cj:yf M

dflg;x¿sf] k];f–Joj;fodf ljljwtf, ;+/rgfut kl/jt{g / lzIffsf] kx'Fr tyf k|ljlwsf ;ª\qmd0f cflb sf/0fn] xfd|f] ;fdflhs tyf kfl/jfl/s kl/j]zdf b'|tultn] km]/abn x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . kl/0ffd:j¿k xfd|f] ;+o'St kfl/jfl/s ;+/rgfTds kl/j]zdf 3/d"nL eP/ /xg'ePsf Ho]i7 gful/sx¿ Oltxf;df slxNo} gef]luPsf] gofF kl/j]zdf r'gf}tLk"0f{ hLjg lhpg'kbf{ ljleGg k|sf/n] k|tfl8t x'Fb} uPsf 5g\ .

s_ zf/Ll/s r'gf}tLx¿ M

zf/Ll/s Ifdtfdf sdL cfpg', :d/0f zlQm / l;sfO Ifdtf dGb x'g', cfFvfsf] zlQm 36\g', 5fnfdf cg]s /f]u nfUg', s]z km'Ng', bfFt /f]ufpg', hfFu/ / pT;fx 36\g', e2fkg, cfn:o, clgb|f a9\g', z/L/sf] k|lt/Iff k|0ffnL sdhf]/ x'g yfNg' cflb kl/jt{gnfO{ a'9Øf}nLsf] ;'?jftsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . bd, vf]sL, pRr /Qmrfk, kIff3ft, x[bof3ft, afy, dw'd]x, lk;fasf] ;d:of k|f]:6«]6, kf7]3/sf] ;d:of, SofG;/, df]tLlaGb', cN;fOd;{–l8d]lG;of cflb /f]ux¿ g} Ho]i7 gful/sx¿sf :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s r'gf}tLx¿ x'g\ .

v_ kfl/jfl/s–;fdflhs r'gf}tLx¿ M

c_ PSnf]kgf M xfd|f] d'n'sdf /f]huf/L tfy lzIff cfh{gsf nflu cTolws ¿kdf kl/jf/sf o'jf, hjfg ;Gtfgx¿ o'/f]k, cd]l/sf, c:6«]lnof, vf8L d'n's, dn]l;of, ef/t / g]kfns} 7"nf ;x/x¿df hfg] qmd a9]sf] 5 . ufpF3/x¿ o'jfljxLg aGb} 5g\ . 3/ufpFdf a"9fa"9Lx¿ dfq /xg'kg{] / PSnf]kgfsf] l;sf/ aGg'kg{] afWofTds l:ylt 5 . c:ktfn n}hfg], /ft–la/ft rf]/8fFsf jf u'G8faf6 arfpg] / dbf{kbf{ ;+:sf/cg';f/ cGTo]li6 ug{] o'jf hgzlStljxLg kl/jf/÷;dfhsf] j[l4n] Ho]i7 gful/s kLl8t 5g\ .

cf_ cfly{s ljkGgtf M cfkm"n] cfh{]sf] hUufhldg afFlemFb} hfg', sdfpg]–>d ug{] ;Gtfg k/b]l;g', vr{sf gofFgofF zLif{s pTkGg x'g' t/ cfDbfgLsf ;Lldt ;|f]tx¿ klg ;'St} hfg', dxFuL a9]/ c¿sf] tna a9\bf ;f]xLcg'¿k k]G;g ga9\g', cfdf–afnfO{ eGbf 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ dxFuf] lzIffbLIff / :jf:Yodf vr{ ug'{kg{] l:ylt aGg' cflbn] ubf{ Ho]i7 gful/s cfly{s ljkGgtfdf kb{} uPsf] l:ylt 5 .

cfdf–afsf] xftdf ePsf] gub, u/uxgf tyf laqmLof]Uo hldg nnfO{–kmsfO{ cfkm\gf] xftdf kfg{] / nfng–kfng, ;]jf–;x\of/sf] lhDd]bf/Laf6 kG5g] k|j[lQ a9\g' b'ef{Uo xf] . cfdf–afnfO{ lsg a]jf:tf u/L b'Mv lbPsf] eg]/ cfkmGt, z'elrGts / 5/l5d]sLn] k|Zg ug{] k|rng x/fpFb} uPsfn] kl/jf/df cf8e/f];f kfpg] cj:yf 36\t} uPsf] 5 . ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQfdf klg w]/} af–cfdf;Fu emu8f / zf/Ll/s s'6lk6 u/L hah{:tL u/]sf pbfx/0f k|z:t} kfOg yfn]sf 5g\ .

O_ Ho]i7 gful/sd}qL ;fdflhs d"No–dfGotfdf :vng M dft[b]jf] ejM, lkt[b]jf] ejM, cltlyb]jf] ejM, cfrfo{b]jf] ejM h:tf d"NodfGotf / ;fdflhs ;+:sf/df b'|tultn] :vng x'Fb} hfgfn] Ho]i7 gful/s kLl8t x'g'k/]sf] 5 .

O{_ b'Jo{jxf/sf] l;sf/ M rf]/L, af]S;L cf/f]k, :yfgLo lgsfo tyf ;/sf/L sfof{nodf Ho]i7 gful/s–d}qL kmfF6 jf ;]jfsf] s'g} Joj:yf gx'g', ;fj{hlgs oftfoft a;uf8Ldf l;6 b'O{–tLgj6f tf]lsg' h:tf ;d:of 5g\ . hLjgsf] pmhf{zLn pd]/df ljz]if lhDd]bf/Ldf /xFbf ;a}sf] xfO{xfO{ x'g] / ;Ddfg kfpg] JolStn] klg cfh cfP/ a'9\of}nLdf 7f8f] lt/:sf/, ckdfg / b'Jo{jxf/ Aoxf]g'{kl//x]sf] 5 .

u= Ho]i7 gful/ssf] ;ª\Vof j[l4n] NofPsf r'gf}tLx¿ M

5f]/f5f]/L j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf ljleGg d'n'sdf k'Ug', k|ltef knfog cflbn] ca 3/3/df a"9fa"9L dfq /xguPsf 5g\ . o;af6 a"9fa"9Lsf] ;x\of/ ug{] k/Dk/fut tl/sfdf ;d:of cfPsf 5g\ . hGdlg/f]wsf sf/0f b'O{tLg ;Gtfgdfq x'g' / To;dfly tL klg ljb]z of b]zleqs} cGo e"efudf a:g k'Ugfn] Ho]i7 gful/s 3/df PSnf ePsf 5g\ . klxn]sf a"9fa"9L;Fu w]/} 5f]/f5f]/L x'gfn] Ps 5f]/fn] ;x\of/ ug{ cg's"n gePdf jf grfx]df afa'cfdf;Fu csf{] / cem csf{] ljsNk /xGYof] . t/ ca afa'cfdf ljsNkxLg aGg yfn]sf 5g\ .

3_ JolSt :jod\n] l;h{gf u/]sf r'gf}tLx¿ M rl/qut, vfgkfg / b'Jo{;g;DaGwL r'gf}tL . lnF9] l9kL ug{], kl/jlt{t jftfj/0fdf ldNg tof/ gx'g], d h] eG5' Tof] ltdLx¿n] dfGg}k5{ eGg] bDe, lxhf]sf] cfkm\gf] kb–k|lti7fsf] efj, vfgkfgsf tl/sf / /S;L, r'/f]6–v}gL cflbsf] s'ntn] klg 7"nf] ;d:of l;h{gf u/]sf] 5 .

ª_ sfg'gL r'gf}tL M g]kfndf xfn;Dd Ho]i7 gful/s;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yf o;k|sf/ 5g\ M

c_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ sf] efu # wf/f $! df æHo]i7 gful/snfO{ /fHoaf6 ljz]if ;+/If0f tyf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] xs x'g]5 Æ elgPsf] 5 . cg]s cf}krfl/s sfuhftx¿ k]; ug'{kg{] emGem6n] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff eQf ?= $))) kfpg klg w]/}nfO{ sl7gfO k/]sf] 5 .

cf_ Ho]i7 gful/s P]g @)^# -@)&( df kl/dflh{t_ M o; P]gn] æc;xfo / czSt Ho]i7 gful/sx¿nfO{ :yfgLo txn] kfngkf]if0fsf] Joj:yf ug'{k5{Æ eg]sf] 5 . t/ Jojxf/df o; P]gsf] sxLFst} kfngf x'Fb}g .

O_ o;} P]g @)&( n] Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ b'Jo{jxf/ / x]nf ug{] JolStnfO{ % nfv ?lkofF;Dd hl/jfgf / % jif{;Dd s}b x'g] sfg'gL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 t/ o;sf] sfg'gL pkrf/ olt emGeml6nf] 5 ls of] klg slxNo} sxLF sfof{Gjog x'Fb}g .

O{_ afa'–cfdfsf] kfngkf]if0f gug{] ;Gtfgn] afa'cfdfsf] ;DklQdf bfaL ug{ gkfpg] Joj:yf klg dflys} P]gn] u/]sf] 5 . t/ afa'cfdfsf] ;DklQdf bfaLnfO{ cbfntn] ;f]em} vf/]h gug{] x'Fbf j[4 afa'cfdfn] jiff{}F;Dd cbfnt wfO/xg'kg{] ePsf] 5 .

#_ tTsfn ug'{kg{] sfo{qmd

oxfF ;'emfOPsf w]/}h;f] a'Fbfx¿ /fHonfO{ cltl/St cfly{s ef/ gkg{], vfln gLltut ;'wf/ / lgotdf kl/jt{g u/] k'Ug] vfnsf 5g\ . s]xL a'Fbfdf ;fdfGo cfly{s ef/ k/] klg ltgsf] dxŒj w]/} 7"nf] 5 .

s_ ;DklQ sfg'gdf ;'wf/ M 5f]/f5f]/L c7f/ jif{ k'u]kl5 ltgnfO{ afa'cfdfn]  vfgnfpg, lzIffbLIff, cf}iflwpkrf/, lax] cflb u/fOlbg'kg{] jf c+z lbg'kg{] afWosf/L Joj:yf x6fOg'k5{ . afa'cfdf hLljt /x];Dd ltgsf] gfddf /x]sf] ;DklQdf 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] xs gnfUg] Joj:yf x'g'k5{ . -o;af6 o'jfju{ u}/lhDd]bf/ x'g], 5f8f / a]uf/L x'g], cN5L x'g] jf s'ntdf nfUg] ;d:of 36\5 / :yfgLo >dahf/df cfjZos >ldssf] cfk"lt{ x'G5 ._

o;}u/L d[To'kl5sf] OR5fkq n]Vg ;a}nfO{ k|]l/t ug'{k5{ / of] k"0f{ uf]Ko /fVg] k|aGw ug'{k5{ . OR5fkq hlxn] klg abNg kfpg] Pjd\ OR5fkq g/fv]df dfq 5f]/f5f]/Ln] bfdf;fxLn] ;DklQdf xs kfpg] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . OR5fkq :yfgLo j8f sfof{no jf k|x/L PsfOn] uf]Ko / ;'/lIft ug{] Joj:yf x'g'k5{ . OR5fkqsf] ljj/0fsf] uf]Kotf r'xfpg]nfO{ tTsfn cToGt s8f sfaf{xLsf] k|aGw ug'{k5{ .

v_ ;'/Iffk|aGwdf ;'wf/ M Ho]i7 gful/ssf] hLpwgsf] ;'/Iff / cfjf;sf] Joj:yf x/]s j8fdf ul/g'k5{ . /fHon] lghsf] ;DklQ lnP/ x}l;otcg';f/ ;'v;'ljwfsf] k|aGw ug'{k5{ . Ho]i7 gful/s Joj:yf P]g NofO{ rfnL; jif{ jf To;cl3b]lv g} gful/snfO{ cfkm\gf] a'9\of}nL Joj:yfkgdf ;xefuL u/fpg'k5{ . Tof] ;xeflutf k]G;gdfq xf]Og cfjf;, cf}iflwpkrf/ cflb k|To]s ljifosf] k|aGwdf x'g'k5{ . lgw{g c;xfo Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ /fHon] Go"gtd ;'ljwf lbP/ pko'St :yfgdf j[4f>ddf /fVg'k5{ . ;a}nfO{ Ps} efF8fdf xfNg] xf]Og .

k};f vr{ ug{ ;Sg] Ho]i7 gful/sn] cfkm\g} 3/df 3/]n' sfdbf/ /fVg pko'St sfg'gL jftfj/0f ldnfpg], tflndk|fKt 3/]n' sfdbf/ / /f]huf/bftfaLr Uof/]G6L al;lbg'k5{ tf ls Ho]i7 gful/ssf] k"0f{ ;'/Iff xf];\ . 

Ho]i7 gful/s kLl8t x'g] b'/frf/ jf ck/fwsf bf]ifLnfO{ lglZrt cjlw;Dd s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL gf]s/L, pBf]u–Jofkf/ ug{, a;fO ;g{, 8]/f lng cflbsf nflu cof]Uo 7x/fOg'k5{ . olt ug{ ;lsof] eg] Ho]i7 gful/sdfly x'g ;Sg] cTofrf/ Go"g x'g]5 . o:tf ck/fwLnfO{ gf]s/L lbg], C0f lbg], 8]/f lbg] cflbnfO{ dltof/ ePafkt hl/afgf ug'{k5{ . o;f] ePkl5 k|To]sn] dfly pNn]lvt sfdsf nflu k|x/Laf6 tTsfn rl/qsf] k|df0fkq lng'kg{] afWotf l;h{gf x'g]5 / k|x/Lsf] v:sFbf] k|efjsfl/tfdf ;'wf/ cfpg]5 .    

u_ eQf ljt/0f / pkof]udf ;'wf/ M ;a}nfO{ ;dfg Ho]i7 gful/s eQf glbP/ cfly{s ¿kn] ljkGg / ckfª\unfO{ a9L lbOg'k5{ . b'j} kx]Fnf 5g\ eGb}df ;'g / a];f/sf] efp Ps} tf]Sg ;lsFb}g . Ho]i7 gful/sn] kfPsf] eQfdf ltgsf ;Gtfgn] hah{:tL vf];]/ lng] clg b'?kof]u x'g] klg u/]sf] 5 . o;df cg'udg, k/LIf0f / k'gd"{Nofª\sg ug'{ h?/L eO;s]sf] 5 . hxfF b'?kof]u 5, ToxfF /fHon] x:tIf]k ug'{k5{ .

3_ Gofo k|flKt k|lqmofdf ;'wf/ M s}of}F Ho]i7 gful/sx¿ cbfntL sfuhkq, Gofofnosf sd{rf/Lsf] Jojxf/ / ljnDasf sf/0f dfgl;s kL8fdf ?Fb} lxF8]sf 5g\ . sltko dgf]/f]uL cj:yfdf 5g\ .  cbfntdf Ho]i7 gful/snfO{ s'g} klg lsl;dsf d'2f tGsfpg gkfpg] k|aGw x'g'k5{ . ;f7L jif{dflysf Ho]i7 gful/ssf] d'2f ;DalGwt cbfntn] Ps jif{leqdf / ;Q/L jif{dflysf Ho]i7 gful/ssf] h'g;'s} lsl;dsf] d'2f klg  5 dlxgfleqdf lsgf/f nufpg}kg{] / To;f] geP ;DalGwt clwsf/LnfO{ s7f]/ b08sf] k|aGw ul/g'k5{ . o:tf] ;Dej gxf]pGh]n tTsfnsf nflu cnUu} Ho]i7 gful/s a]Gr x'g'k5{ . czSt Ho]i7 gful/ssf nflu ljz]if Joj:yf ldnfpg'k5{ .

ª_ Ho]i7 gful/ssf sfuhft agfpgdf cfgfsfgL, l9nfO jf q'l6 ug{] ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ lghn] sfddf u/]sf] l9nfO, nfkaf{xL jf q'l6af6 ;]jfu|fxLnfO{ k'UguPsf] Iflt tTsfn e/fpg] / yk b08;hfosf] klg Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . o;sf nflu sfg'gL pkrf/ vf]Hg emGeml6nf] Gofo k|0ffnL gckgfO{ Ps} txsf] cbfntaf6 clGtd km};nf cfpg] Joj:yf ug'{k5{ . cjsfzk|fKt lzIfsx¿nfO{ k]G;gk6\6f agfpg, cf}iflwpkrf/ / la/fdL labfsf] k};f k|fKt ug{ cToGt hl6n k|lqmofaf6 u'h|g'k5{ . krf;f}F sfuhkq vf]Hg'k5{ . hLjge/ b]zsf] ;]jf u/]/ lgj[Q x'g] lzIfsnfO{ xb};Dd kL8f lbg], c;x\o dfgl;s tgfj / vr{ u/fpg] sfuhL k|lqmof tTsfn ;'wf/ ug'{k5{ . 

O_ :jf:Yol:ylt / pkrf/ M Ho]i7 gful/sx¿nfO{ :jf:Yopkrf/df ;xof]u k'uf];\ eGg] x]t'n] g]kfn ;/sf/n] ;Q/L jif{ k'u]kl5sf nflu g} eP klg :jf:Yo–pkrf/ aLdfsf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fP/ ;/fxgLo sfd u/]sf] 5 . t/ o;sf] sfof{Gjog kIf lgs} g} emGeml6nf] 5 . :jf:Yo–pkrf/sf nflu hfg}kg{] c:ktfnx¿ lglZrt tf]lsPsf 5g\ hxfF k|foM ;w}F eL8ef8 / 7]nd7]n x'g], ;a} cfjZos k/LIf0fsf] ;'ljwf / ljz]if1 lrlsT;ssf] cefj x'g] cj:yf 5 . Ho]i7 gful/s ;]jf sIfsf] Joj:yf gePsfn] 7]nd7]n u/]/ hjfg tGg]/Lx¿;Fu k|lt:kwf{ ug{ sl7g 5 . o;sf ;fy} sltko lghL c:ktfnx¿n] /fHoaf6 lbOg] ;'ljwfsf] b'?kof]u ub{} cfjZos k/LIf0fdfq ug{] geO{ b'x'g] ufO{ e]6]h:tf] u/L cgfjZos k/LIf0f u/fO{ /sd c;'Ng] ;d]t u5{g\ . o; s'/fdf cg'udg, k/LIf0f / Ho]i7 gful/s ;Gt'li6 dfkg k/LIf0f ;'? ul/xfNg'k5{ .  

 

$_ lgisif{ M

Ho]i7 gful/ssf nflu ;DklQ sfg'g, ;'/Iff k|aGw, eQf ljt/0f / pkof]u, :jf:Yo ;'ljwf clg Gofo k|flKt k|lqmofdf tTsfn ;'wf/ yfNg'k5{ . lj1 h]/G6f]nlh:6x¿ ;lDdlnt cfof]u jf ;ldlt agfO{ Ho]i7 gful/sx¿sf ;d:of / ltgsf ;dfwfgsf nflu Jofks cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L u'?of]hgf agfpg'k5{ .

 

;Gbe{;|f]t M

Ho]i7 gful/s ;dGjo ;ldlt O6x/Låf/f @)*! j}zfvdf k|sflzt :dfl/sf æla;f}gLÆsf lgDg n]vx¿–

!= g]kfndf Ho]i7 gful/s M Ps ljj]rgf– >L vu]Gb|k|;fb l;St]n

@= j[4fj:yf M hLjgef]ufOsf r'gf}tL / ;xh agfpg] pkfo– >L s[i0fk|;fb uf}td

#= ef]u]sf kL/x¿– >L hubLzk|;fb jnL $= a'9Øf}nLkg lrGtf / ;d:ofsf] ljifo x}g, Joj:yfkgsf] ljifo xf]– >L lul//fh bjf8L

%= Ho]i7 gful/s kl/rrf{– >L xl/k|;fb e6\6/fO{ .

–lbg]z kf}8]n

;Nnfxsf/,Ho]i7 gful/s gu/ ;dGjo ;ldlt O6x/L