जाँत पर्यटनविशेष ६ अालेखहरू)

 

जाँत

(पर्यटनविशेष ४ लेखहरू)

दिनेश पौडेल

ljifo–;"rL

!= hfFt M 8f]6L

@= l;d/f}gu9 M af/f

#= Dofªn'ª M t]x|y'd

$= vfF8fb]jL M /fd]5fk

%= O6x/L

^= lj/f6gu/

!= hfFt M 8f]6L

dfgf}F d?e"ld, ;d'b|, tfn, dxfgbLx¿, d}bfg, kxf8, lxdfR5flbt e"efu, 6fk' cflbdf ljljwtf lyPg . dfgf}F ;+;f/el/ Ps} lsl;dsf] e"uf]n lyof] . dfgf}F ;+;f/ g} Ps b]z lyof], Ps} /fHoJoj:yf lyof] . ljZjel/sf dflg; p:t} /ª¿k, efiff–;+:s[lt, klx/g, wd{ / hLjgz}nLsf lyP . cyf{t\ k|s[lt, e"agf]6, dfgj, kl/j]z ;a}yf]s 7Ls7fs lyof], b'?:t / p:t} lyof] . o:tf] x'g] xf] eg] s] xf]nf <

dflg;n] slxNo} ko{6g ug{] lyPgg\, sf]xL o'4 ug{] lyPgg\ t/ zflGt klg k6\of/nfUbf] g} x'GYof] xf]nf . hLjg slt ?vf], pRrf6nfUbf], lbSsnfUbf] / lg/; x'g] lyof] xf]nf Û s'g} b]zdf ?hj]N6, lx6n/, d';f]lngL jf af]gfkf6{ hGdg] lyPgg\ . dfsf]{ kf]nf], ef:sf] l8 ufdf, sf]nDa;, t]lGhª gf]u{] ;]kf{ hGdg] lyPgg\ . g d'xDdb, g lh;;, g a'4, g s[i0f . s'g} b]zdf uf}/jdo qmflGt x'g] lyPg, b;}F–ltxf/x¿, Ob–d'x/{d / lqm;d; x'g] lyPgg\ . dxf/f0ff k|tfk, nIdL afO{, k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx hGdg] lyPgg\ . km\nf]/]G; gfOl6ª\u]n / x]g/L 8\o'gfFsf] hLjg c;fdfGo ¿kn] ;fdfGo x'g] lyof], db/ 6]/];fsf] cy{ x'g] lyPg . Oltxf; lemFhf]nfUbf] x'g] lyof] .

g ;]S;lko/ hGdGy], g 6f]N;6f]o, g sflnbf; g efg'eSt, g ef]Nt]o/ g dfS;{ . /fdfo0f, dxfef/t / k'/f0fx¿ /f]df~rxLg n]lvg] lyP xf]nf . uLt / sljtfx¿ noxLg hGdg] lyP xf]nf .

dtna ljljwtfn] lbg] ;'v To;df x'g] ljljw /ª, ¿k, uGw, :kz{, :jfb / :j/df 5 . ljZjdf h;/L ljljwtf 5, g]kfnleq} klg ljljwtf 5 . xfd|f] g]kfn ljljwtfsf] b]z xf], ;'Gb/tfsf] b]z xf] . olt ;fgf] b]zdf efiff, ;+:s[lt, k|s[lt / e"uf]ndf olt ljljwtf 5 ls o; b]zsf] dfq 7Ls;Fu e|d0f ul/of] eg] klg ljZjsf k|d'v ef}uf]lns :j¿k, k|fs[lts jftfj/0f, h}ljs ljljwtf / kof{j/0fsf] ofqf x'G5  . ;of}F hflt, efiff, ;+:s[lt / ljsf;fTds cj:yfsf] ofqf x'G5 . g]kfn ;fgf] b]z eP klg e|d0fsf nflu ;jf{]Qd b]z xf] . cfGtl/s ko{6gsf nflu klg cToGt pko'St 5 of] b]z .

cfh d tkfO{FnfO{ klZrdL g]kfnsf aemfª, afh'/f, 8f]6L, c5fd, a}t8L / 88]nw'/flt/sf] ofqfdf nUg rfxG5' . klxn] c¿ b'O{ kf/fu|fkm e"ldsf afFW5' clg dfq ofqf ;'? .

g]kfn ax';f+:s[lts d'n's xf] . o;sf k"j{ / klZrddf sltko rf8kj{df 7"nf] cGt/ 5  . Pp6} kj{ klg leGg} tl/sfn] dgfOg klg ;S5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu k"jL{ g]kfndf b;}F kj{ bxLlrp/fsf] pT;j xf], s]/fsf] pT;j xf], v;Lsf] df;'sf] pT;j xf] . gofF n'uf / lkªsf] kj{ xf] . xfdL ltxf/df ;]n/f]6L vfG5f}F, b;}Fdf ;]n ksfpg] rng} 5}g . t/ klZrdL g]kfndf b;}Fsf] d'Vo kl/sf/ ;]n/f]6L xf] . ptf klZrdL g]kfnsf w]/}h;f] lhNnfdf k"j{sf em}F ;fKtflxs xf6sf] rng 5}g . k"jL{ kxf8df klg klxn] ;fKtflxs xf6 gnufP/ PsfbzL ahf/, k~rdL, gjdL, bzdL, cf}F;L, k"l0f{df cflb ltlysf] cfwf/df ahf/ nfUy] . ptf dgfOg] uf}/fkj{ otf dgfOFb}g, otfsf] :j:yfgL j|t ptf vf;} dgfOFb}g . dftftLy{ cf}F;L kj{ klxn] sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf dfq dgfOGYof], s]xL jif{dfq t eof] k"jL{ g]kfndf km}lnPsf] .

sf7df8f}F pkTosf / j/k/sf g]jf/ ;d'bfodf hfqfsf] rng 5 . x/]s 7fpFsf ljz]if hfqf 5g\ . af]8], gub]z, 6f]vf, sLlt{k'/, afF8], jh|jf/fxL n'e', n]n], 6Lsfe}/j, ;fFv', rfFu', l7dL cflb e]usf hfqfx¿ sf7df8f}Fdf w]/} k|l;4 5g\ . OGb|hfqf, ufO{hfqf, ;]tf] / /ftf] dlG5Gb|gfysf] ef]6f] b]vfpg] hfqf, la:s]6 hfqf cflbsf] af/]df l;ª\u} b]z hfgsf/ 5 . o:tf hfqf dWo g]kfn, klZrd / k"jL{ g]kfndf 5}gg\, alGbk'/h:tf s]xL g]jf/ax'n ahf/df afx]s . dWoklZrd / ;'b"/ klZrddf klg o:tf hfqf 5}gg\ .

cfhrflxF d hfFtsf] s'/f u5'{ . hfFtsf] cy{ hfqf, cyf{t\ ofqf g} xf] . ofqf elgP klg of] /Lltl:ylt s'g} dlGb/ jf b]j:yndf ul/g] d]nfkj{ / pT;j xf], st} uOg] ofqf xf]Og . hfFt ;'b"/ klZrdsf kxf8L e"efudf dgfOg] b]jk"hgsf] df}lns pT;j xf] . s'g} b]jtfsf] dlGb/df jflif{s ¿kdf k"hfcfhfsf nflu pNn]Vo pkl:yltdf nfUg] 7"nf] d]nf, hfqfnfO{ ‘hfFt’ elgG5 . dfgj dg lgs} r~rn x'G5 . o; dgnfO{ Pslqt ug{ / cfTdzflGtsf nflu ;gftgb]lv  rlncfPsf] b]jk"hgsf] df}lns kj{ xf] hfFt .

hfFt x'g] pSt lglZrt lbgnfO{ ‘x'nf]’ eGg] rng 5 . ;fdfGotof k"hf x'nf] kj{df ug{] ul/G5 . st} wfdLn] tf]s]sf] lbgdf hfFt ul/G5 eg] w]/}h;f]rflxF lglZrt ltlydf ul/G5 . ltly ;'? x'Fbf nfUg] hfFtnfO{ ‘nfUbL hfFt’ clg ltly ;lsg] a]nfdf nfUg] hfFtnfO{ ‘efUbL hfFt’ elgG5 . ;"of{]bosf avtdf h'g ltly x'G5 Tof] ‘pboltly’ x'G5 / hfFt ubf{ub{} h'g ltly x'g k'U5 To;nfO{ ‘pk|fGt’ elgG5 .

hfFt nf]sk/Dk/fcg';f/ dgfOg] kj{ xf], tfklg of] k"hf nf}lss ljlw, /Ltk/Dk/fcg'¿ksf ;fy} j}lbs dGqf]Rrf/0f;lxt ljz]if ljlwn]  ug{] ul/G5 . j}lbs dGq pRrf/0f u/L ul/g] eP klg nf]sk/Dk/fnfO{ ljz]if dxŒj lbg] ul/G5 . nf]sfrf/ / s'nfrf/nfO{ k|wfgtf lbOG5 . o; kj{df ;fwgf / pkf;gfsf] ljz]if dxŒj 5 . ;fwgf / pkf;gf;Fu} /fd/dfOnf] klg ug{] ul/G5 . To;}n] hfFtnfO{ ‘/fd x]g{]’ klg eGb5g\ .

jif{df rf/ gj/flqdf b]jLsf] pkf;gf ul/G5 . x/]s b]jfnodf a;]/ gf}/yfel/ b]jLsf] pkf;gf ul/G5 . rf/ gj/flqdWo] j;Gt Ct''sf] / zf/bL gj/flqnfO{ ljz]if dflgG5 . r}qsf] gj/flqkl5 gofF cGg GjfuL r9fpg ‘ljif'df k"hf’ nfU5 . k'?iffy{ k|flKt, hGd–d[To'–h/f lqaGwaf6 d'lSt / b]jC0faf6 qf0f kfpgsf nflu b]jk"hg ug{] ul/G5 . uf}/fkj{sf] cGTodf ul/g] hfFt pT;j ;DejtM ;a}eGbf a9L If]qdf dgfOG5 .

hfFtdf b]jbz{g, ‘b]p/f]’ -b]jk|tLs_ bz{g, b]jufyfsf] k|bz{gsf nflu ljleGg ;f+:s[lts efjaf6 rrf{ ul/G5 . 6f9f6f9f uPsf cfkmGt / kl/jf/hg klg rf8 ;Dem]/ o; cj;/df ufpF3/ kms{G5g\ . of] kj{ kl/jf/hg / cfkmGtx¿sf] ldngsf] pT;j klg xf] .

s'nb]jtfsf] k"hf ug{] JolStnfO{ ‘sl/of’ elgG5 . sl/ofn] lgs} lbgb]lv rf]vf] a;L tf]lsPsf sd{ ;DkGg u5{g\ . cGo dflg;nfO{ ‘ht]?’ elgG5 . ht]?x¿ /fd x]g{ cfpF5g\ . lbpF;f] x'g] hfFt ‘lb;]8L’ xf], / /ftdf x'g] hfFt ‘/t]8L’ xf] . hfFt lb;]8L, /t]8L jf b'j} klg x'g ;S5 .

hfFtsf k'hf/LnfO{ ‘k08f’ elgG5 . k08fn] ‘uft’df k"hf nufpg],  xf]d ug{ tf]lsPsf k08fn] xf]d ug{], kf7 ug{] lhDdf kfPsf k08fn] kf7 ug'{k5{ . ‘k"hkf]vn’ -k"hf ul/g] ;fdu|L_ tf]lsPsf] 7fpFaf6 NofOG5 . k"hkf]vndf rfdn, kL7f], hf}, ltn, l3p, w"k, bLksf aftL ;ª\sng ul/G5 .  ;j{;fwf/0f ;a}n] pSt k"hkf]vnaf6 ;fdu|L tof/ u/L k"hf ug{ kfpF5g\ .

hfFtdf k"hfsf ljlw / k|lqmof 7fpF / b]jfnolkR5] cnu–cnu x'G5g\ . st} lv/sf] g}j]B, st} lvr8Lsf], st} z'4 rfdnsf] eg] st} rfdndf d]jfldi6fGg, l3p, b"w ld;fP/ k"hf nufOG5 . st}st}rflxF jln lbP/ jlnsf] /ut / df;' ld;fO{ cGgsf] k"hf nufOG5 . hxfF jln lbOG5, ToxfF /fFuf, s'v'/f, xfF; jf af]sfsf] jln r9fOG5 . cr]n jln k|yf 36fO{ To;sf] ;f6f] kmnkm"nsf] jln lbg klg yfn]sf 5g\ .

hfFtsf] d'Vo cfsif{0f b]p/f] xf] . lgs} cUnf] x'g] u/L alnof] 3f]rfdf b]p/f] agfOG5 . ;ª\uLtsf] tfndf 3'dfO{–3'dfO{ grfpFb} / gfRt} cl3 al9G5 . k/Dk/fut tl/sfn] afhfufhf ahfpFb} b]p/f]sf] emfFsL cl3 a9\5 . b]jLb]jtfsf xftxltof/ t/af/, wg'sfF8 cflb -efl0fs'0fL_, wfhfg]hf, afhfufhf;lxt hohosf/ ub{} b]ptf wfdLn] g]t[Tj lnP/ ‘e0ff/–3/’ -e08f/_ af6 b]jfno k'¥ofpg] ul/G5 . lzjfnosf b]p/fdf ‘ufh’ -rn dlGb/_ klg x'G5g\ . wfdLn] k|fKt zlStsf] andf j/bfg klg lbG5g\ . lznfnfO{ ‘caf]n’ b]jtf dflgG5 eg] wfdLnfO{ lznfsf b]jtfsf] ‘af]n’ :j¿k dflgG5 . lzjfnosf] k|jStfsf] ¿kdf ‘b]ju0f’ x'G5g\ . b]ju0f cyf{t\ wfdLx¿ ‘j/bfg}’ elgG5g\, lsgeg] logn] lzjhLsf] af]n :j¿k kfO{ j/bfg lbG5g\ . 

ufpFsf ;a} dflg; ‘e0ff/’ -b]p3/_df hDdf x'G5g\ . afhf ahfpg]x¿n] ljleGg k|sf/sf afhf ahfpg], lhDd]jf/L t]flsPcg';f/sf sfd ug{]n] cff–cfkm\gf] e"ldsf lgaf{x u5{g\\ . ufh;Fu} 8f]nf klg x'G5 . To:t} 5q, rd/, c:q–z:q -cfo'w_x¿ af]s]/ ‘cu]jfgL’ wfdLsf] cg'dltdf b]p/f] cufl8 a9\5 . hfFt x'g] b]jfnodf b]p/f] k'U5 . leGgleGg a:tLaf6 cnu–cnu b]p/f NofOG5g\ . Pp6f ‘h]7f] b]p/f]‘ dflgG5 . h]7f] b]p/fn] afFsL b]p/fsf] :jfut u5{g\, h;nfO{ ‘b]p/f] k5{g]’ elgG5 .

b]p/f;Fu} ‘rf}nf]’ klg x'G5g\ . s'g} hfFtdf rf}nf] dfq x'G5 eg] s'g} hfFtdf rf}nfdf rf}nf] ldnfP/ b]p/f] agfOG5 . ef]Ss/, lau'n, t/af/, 58L, ;'ghg}, ;'g, rfFbL, xL/f, df]tL, ax'd"No /Tg klg b]p/fdf nluPsf] x'G5 . cfo'w ax'd"No /Tg, ufh, 8f]nf cflbsf] bz{gnfO{ b]p/f] bz{g elgG5 . b]p/fsf] bz{g;Fu} ‘kmfu’ -dª\unuLt_ ufpFb} cIftf km"naf6 k"hf klg ul/G5 . b]p/f], rf}nfdf b]jtfsf] hohosf/ ul/Psf] x'G5 .

b]jLsf] b]p/fdf 5'§} lsl;dsf] ufh b]jLsf ¿kdf l;Fufl/P/ k|bz{g ul/G5 . e0ff/af6 b]p/f] nu]/ dlGb/ k'Ubf cl3cl3 Wjhjfxs, To;kl5 afhfufhf clg To;kl5 b]p/f] af]Sg]x¿ x'G5g\ . To;kl5 ht]?sf] 7"nf] eL8 x'G5 . ufh -rn dlGb/_ nfO{ grfP/, uf}bfg, ‘cj;]s’ -cleif]s_;Fu} lzjfno bz{g ub{5g\ .

hfFtsf] aflx/L rxn–kxn;Fu} b]jk"hg klg d'Vo xf] . dlGb/ kl/;/df k|j]z;Fu} hn, w'k, bLk, Ct'kmn km"n cflb r9fP/ bz{g ub{5g\ . ‘l6s}tL’n] k"hf Joj:yfkg ub{5g\, k"hkf]vn hDdf u5{g\ . pgLx¿n] g} u0f]z, snz k"hg u/L k"hf k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpF5g\ . ;a}sf] :ki6 lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf] x'G5 . oxfF kfng ul/g] lgod k/Dk/fåf/f lgb{]lzt x'G5 .

k08fn] uftdf k"hf nufpF5g\ . xf]d ug]{ a|fXd0fn] ‘afO;vfd’df xf]d ub{5g\ . xf]d ub}{ ubf{ b]jtfdf r9fpg NofPsf ;fdu|L r9fpg cj;]s ul/G5 . uf}bfg ul/G5 . ‘vfd afFWg]’n] afO;vfddf ufO{ afFw]/ r9fPsf x'G5g\ . Tof];Fu} nf}lss dfGotf, /Lt–k/Dk/fcg';f/ k"hf ul/G5 .

uftdf k"hf ;lsP;F+u} ‘k"0ff{x'lt’ ul/G5 . k"0ff{x'lt ubf{ ‘t]lnof’nfO{ t]n, ‘sfnfvfd’nfO{ ltns nufpFb} k'ikf~hnL ub}{ k"hf–k|lqmof k"/f ul/G5 . dlGb/leq k"hf rln/xFbf ht]?x¿ b]p8f v]Ng] u5{g\ eg] a"9fkfsf dlxnfx¿ kmfu ufO/x]sf x'G5g\ . k"0ff{x'tL ubf{ub}{ wfdL sfd]/ b]jjf0fL:j¿k ‘efj’ -j/bfg_ lbG5g\ .

csf{lt/ zflGtsfWofo, ?›L, r08L kf7 u/fOG5 . ?›fleif]s ug]{ ul/G5 . ;Togf/fo0fsf] k"hf, syf kf7 ug]{ ul/G5 .

hfFt pT;j b]jk"hg;Fu} dgf]/~hg /fd/dfOnf] klg xf] . /dfOnf] dgf]/~hgsf nflu ‘b]p0fL’ -b]p8f_ v]Nb5g\ . ;'b"/ klZrdL kxf8L ;dfhsf] ljlzi6 ;+:s[lt xf] b]p8f b]p0fL . ljleGg a:tL–a:tLaf6 cfPsf ht]?n] uLtdf gofF efvf NofOPsf x'G5g\ . b]p0fL dlxnf, k'?if 5'§f–5'§} v]N5g\ .

hftdf dlxnfx¿ ;fd"lxs ¿kdf kmfu ufpF5g\ . kmfu b]jfr{gf elQmefj b]jufyf, jL/ufyfnfO{ nofTds ¿kdf ufOG5 . ‘puf8 puf8 uf];fO{ ;'g}sf s]jf8’, ‘;u'g b] ;/:jtL nug b] a[x:klt’ h:tf kmfu ;fd"lxs ¿kdf ufOG5g\ .

hfFt ;DkGg ePkl5 k|;fb lnO{ ;Gt'i6 eP/ dflg;x¿ 3/ kms{G5g\ . gofF jif{sf] kfqf] lg:sgf;fy lglZrt ltlydf ug{]x¿n] To; jif{sf] hfFt slxn] kg{] xf], x]g{ yfN5g\ .

;Gbe{;|f]t M != s}nfzs'df/ kf08], uf]/vfkq @)&( dª\l;/ !$

          @= hfFt;DaGwL ljleGg lel8of]x¿, o'6\o'a, Ps–b'O{ jif{cl3sf

-@)*@ ;fpg !), O6x/L_

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@. l;d/f}gu9

xfdL PskN6 ef/tsf] uof tLy{ ug{ uPsf lyof}F, @)^@ ;fnsf] s'/f . uofsf Psb'O{ 7fpF 3'd]kl5 xfdL ptf kmfNu'gbL / lji0f'kb hfg] ePsf lyof}F . af]wuof klg pt} xf], klxn] af]wuof k'uf}F g t eg]/ xfdL l/S;f kqm]/ af]wuof hfg] 6]Dkf] :6]G8lt/ nfUof}F . af6fdf d}n] l/S;fjfnfnfO{ ;f]w]F– ‘bfO Û xfdL g]kfnaf6 cfPsf, uof 3'Dg eg]/ . oxfF x]g{}kg{] 7fpF s]–s] 5g\ lg <’

‘3'Dg dg x'g]n] ptf lbNnL hfg", aDaO{ hfg" . oxfF uofdf s] 5 / <’ l/S;fjfnfn] eGof] .

To; l/S;fjfnfsf] cfkm\gf] ;x/ uofk|ltsf] wf/0ff h:tf] 5, g]kfnsf w]/} wgLdfgL / kl7t elgPsfx¿sf] wf/0ff 7Ls To:t} 5 . pgLx¿ xªsª, yfONofG8 jf l;ª\ufk'/ k'Ug'nfO{ ofqf eG5g\, g]kfn e|d0fnfO{ ofqf g} 7fGb}gg\ . pgLx¿ eG5g\–

‘g]kfndf 3'Dg] 7fpF s] 5 / <’

cfkm\gf] hGde"ldk|ltsf] cgf:yfsf] SofG;/ xfd|f] b]zdf lgs} k':tfcl3b]lv ;Ns]sf] xf] . dnfO{ nfU5 tL g]kfnL ;a}eGbf cefuL x'g\ h;nfO{ o; b]zsf] ;'uGw yfxf kfpg' 5}g, ;'¿k / ;':jfb cg'ej ug'{ 5}g  .

cfhrflxF w]/} g]kfnLn] plt Wofg lbg g;s]sf] t/ 7"nf] wfld{s–P]ltxfl;s dxŒj af]s]sf] l;d/f}gu9sf] af/]df clnslt n]Vg a;]sf] 5' .

k|frLg ldlynfb]zsf] ;Ldf klZrddf u08sL / k"j{df sf];L lyof] . pQ/df lzjflns kj{t / blIf0fdf uª\uf;Dd km}lnPsf] lyof] of] :jtGq d'n's . Oltxf; x]bf{ ldlynfdf krkGg /fhfx¿n] hgsk'/nfO{ /fhwfgL agfO{ zf;g u/]sf] b]lvG5 . nueu ^)) O;fk"j{df o; /fhj+zsf] cGTo ePsf] b]lvG5 . o;kl5 s]xL ;do of] /fHo jHhL ;ª\3df cfa4 /x\of] .  duwsf /fhf chftzq'n] ldlynfnfO{ cfkm\gf] /fHodf ufe]kl5 ldlynf /fHosf] cl:tTj ;dfKt eof] .

O;fk"j{ rf}yf] ztfAbLdf gGb / df}o{ zf;sx¿n] duwdf zf;g u/] . kl5 s'iff0f / u'Ktx¿n] zf;g u/] . ;ftf}F ztfAbLsf aª\ufnsf uf}8 /fhf zzfª\s / To;kl5 xif{j4{gn] ;d:t aª\unfb]z, ef/tsf] klZrd aª\ufn, lqk'/f, c;dsf] sltko e"efu, d]3fno, laxf/, emf/v08 / pl8;fdf zf;g u/] . o;} ztfAbLsf] cGTodf duw e"ld /fhf cflbTo;]gsf] cwLgdf /xg k'Uof] . km]l/ cf7f}F ztfAbLdf aª\ufndf zf;g;Qf lng] kfnj+zLx¿n] o; If]qdf cflwkTo hdfP .

;g\ !)(& df s0ff{6ssf rfn'Soj+zL /fhf ljqmdflbTo -5}6f}F_sf ;]gfklt gfGob]jn] ldlynf ljho u/L l;dnsf] jgnfO{ k|zf;sLo s]Gb| agfP, h;nfO{ cfh l;d/f}gu9 elgG5 . of] s'/f uf]kfn/fhj+zfjnLdf k|:6 ul/Psf] 5 . æl;d/fjg u9Æ eGgfn] l;dnsf] jgdf /x]sf] lsNnf eGg] cy{ x'G5 . ;g\ !&#(–%$ ;Dd sf7df8f}F cfpg]–hfg] u/]sf O6flnog kfb/L Sofl;ofgf]n] l;dfgf u9 eGg] zAb pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ .

gfGob]jn] s]xL ;dokl5 cfkm"n] lht]sf] e"efu cyf{t\ ldlynfb]znfO{ s0ff{6s /fHoaf6 cnu, :jtGq / ;fj{ef}d d'n's agfP / cfkm"nfO{ To; b]zsf] /fhfsf] ¿kdf 3f]if0ff u/] . pgn] l;d/f}gu9nfO{ /fhwfgL agfP . ;g\ !)(& b]lv !#@& ;Dd ltg} s0ff{6sj+zL gfGob]j / pgsf ;Gtltx¿n] ldlynfb]zdf zf;g u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;/L ;of}F jif{;Dd :jtGq, cljefHo, ;DkGg d'n'ssf] ¿kdf /x]sf] ldlynfb]z k'gM cl:tTjdf cfPsf] lyof] . o;} ;dodf o;n] cfkm\gf] ljlzi6 klxrfg, cnUu efiff, ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] k'gM ljsf; ug{] df}sf kfPsf] b]lvG5 .

l;d/f}gu9nfO{ /fhwfgL agfO{ ldlynfb]zdf zf;g ug{] s0ff{6j+zL /fhfx¿sf] j+zj[If o:tf] b]lvG5 M 

! gfGob]j,

@ uª\ufl;+xb]j,

# g/l;+xb]j,

$ /fdl;+xb]j,

% zlStl;+xb]j,

^ e"kfnl;+xb]j

& xl/l;+xb]j

ldlynfsf] Oltxf;df o; sfnnfO{ :j0f{o'u dflgG5 . o; o'udf ldlynfn] snf, ;flxTo, ;ª\uLt, wd{, ;+:s[lt, s[lif, pBf]u, ;~rf/, 1fg–lj1fg, lzIff cflb x/]s If]qdf 7"nf] pGglt u¥of] . ldlynf snf cfh klg ljZjk|l;4 5 . ljBfklth:yf dxfg\ sljx¿ o;} o'usf b]g x'g\ . cfh ldlynf /fhgLlts ¿kdf 6'q]m/ hlt l5ofl5of k/] klg cfkm\gf] efiff, ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt, snf, hLjgz}nL cflb cg]s lx;fan] cnu klxrfg af]s]/ ;uj{ afFr]sf] 5 . uª\ufb]lv pQ/ sf];L / u08sLaLrsf] ;d:t ;dy/ e"ld cfh ldlynf If]q ef/tsf] laxf/sf] Ps efu / g]kfnsf] Ps ;fgf] k|b]zsf] ¿kdf /x] klg ;f+:s[lts, eflifs, snf–;flxlTos cflb cg]s lx;fan] Ps 5, cljefHo 5, :jtGq 5 / ;Ddflgt 5 . o; ljlzi6 klxrfgsf lgdf{tfsf] ¿kdf log} l;d/f}gu9sf s0ff{6j+zL /fhfx¿nfO{ h; lbg'k5{ .

lbNnLsf ;'Ntfg luof;–pb–lbg t'unsn] aª\ufn cfqmd0f ug{ hfFbf pgsf] ljzfn ;]gf uª\ufsf] blIf0fL t6 eP/ uPsf] lyof] . aª\ufn ljho u/L kms{Fbf uª\ufsf] pQ/L lsgf/faf6 kms{g nfUof] . blIf0fL kf6fdf sd gbLgfnf x'gfn] ofqf ;lhnf] / l56f] lyof] t/ pQ/L kf6faf6 kms{Fbf w]/}j6f gbLx¿ uª\ufdf ldl;gfn] af6f] nfdf] / c;lhnf] lyof] . dfu{df a|x\dk'qkl5 dxfgbL, sf];L, u08sL, ;/o"h:tf ljzfn gbL / c¿  tg'{kYof]{ . t/ ;'Ntfgsf] kmf}hn] pQ/L af6f] g} /f]h]sf] lyof] .

Tof] ljzfn ;]gf dfu{df ;nxem}F km}lnof] . ltgn] af6fdf e]6]hlt cGg vfP, ;fu;AhL vfP, kz'x¿ df/]/ vfP . ufpFa:tLsf lxGb' b]jb]jLsf dlGb/ eTsfP, n'6] . k'?ifx¿nfO{ e]6]hlt sf6] df/] / :qLnfO{ anfTsf/ u/], /fd|L t?gL b]v] hah{:tL l3:ofP/–af]s]/ nu] . ufpF–ufpFdf cfuf] nufP, Wj:t kf/] .

af6fdf l;d/f}gu9 lyof] . Tof] ljzfn df6fsf lsNnfleq ;'/lIft ;x/ lyof] t/ ;'Ntfgsf] ljzfn ;]gfsf cufl8 Tof] l6s]g, 9Nof] . l;d|f}gu9sf] ;fgf] ;]gfn] k|lt/f]w ug{ ;St}gYof], u/]g / efUof] . /fhkl/jf/ cfkm\gf ljZjf;kfqsf ;fy pQ/sf] hª\undf k:of] . of] ljj/0f ;g\ !#@& lt/sf] xf] .

 

/fgL b]jnb]jLsf] dfOtL b]z eStk'/ lyof] . o; dxfcfkt\df /fgLsf] dfOtL b]zdf z/0ffyL{ aGg] of]hgfdf pgLx¿ ;a} pQ/ nfu]sf lyP . /fgL b]jnb]jLn] c¿ ;a}yf]s l;d/f}gu9d} 5f8] klg cfkm\gL Oi6b]jL t'nhf ejfgLnfO{ cfkm";Fu} nlug\ . o;kl5 /fhf–/fgL, /fhs'df/ / ljZjf;kfqx¿sf] b'O{ tLg ;o hgfsf] ;fgf] em'G8 pQ/ kxf8tkm{ efUof] . c¿ ;a} ltt/lat/ eP .

d';ndfg cfqmfGtfn] cfkm"n] nUg ;lsg] jf cfkm"nfO{ rflxg] cGgkft, kz'wg, n'ufkmf6f, wft' cflb n'6] clg ToxfFsf kSsL 3/, b/af/, dlGb/ / c¿ ;a} ;+/rgf eTsfP, 9fn] / cfuf] nfP/ Wj:t kf/] . cfh klg st}st} hldg vGbf p;a]nf 89]sf rfdn el6G5g\ eG5g\ :yfgLox¿ .

/fhf xl/l;+xb]j To;a]nf la/fdL lyP . /fhs'df/ ;fg} lyP . To;f] x'gfn] pgLx¿nfO{ sl7gfO k¥of] . ha pgLx¿ lxF8\b}–lxF8\b} kxf8tkm{ nfu], pgLx¿sf] ult cToGt wLdf eof] . /fhfnfO{ af]s]/ nUg klg ;lhnf] ePg . ha pgLx¿ jfUdtLlsgf/ eP/ g'gy/sf] af6f] xfnsf] tLgkf6g eGg] :yfgdf cfOk'u], /fhf Psbd l;ls:t eP .  ToxfFaf6 pgLx¿ cl3 a9\g ;s]gg\ . pgLx¿n] ToxLFsf] kxf8df Pp6f lsNnf agfP, / ToxLF a;] . of] 7fpF l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf] jfUdtL gbLlsgf/ xf] . tn blIf0f / klZrddf jfUdtL / dl/0f vf]nfsf ljzfn pkTosf / kmfF6 5g\ . dfly 8fF8fdf u9L agfO{ pgLx¿ a;] . To; u9LnfO{ cfh xl/x/k'/u9L elgG5 .

l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf] of] leqL db]; ljzfn km}nfj6df 5 / cToGt pj{/ klg 5 . Ps jif{hlt pgLx¿ ToxLF a;]sf lyP, crfgs /fhf xl/l;+xb]jsf] d[To' eof] .  ptf l;d/f}gu9 k"0f{ Wj:t eO;s]sf] lyof] . pgL afns 5f]/fnfO{ lnP/ cfkm\gf ljZjf;kfqx¿sf ;fydf sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf k'lug\ .

pgL eStk'/df dfOtL b/af/df a:g nflug\ . pgn] cfkm"n] lnP/ uPsL tn]h' ejfgLnfO{ eStk'/d} :yflkt ul/g\ . tn]h' ejfgLnfO{ sf7df8f}F pkTossfsf tLg} dNn /fhfx¿n] Oi6b]jLsf] ¿kdf k"hf u/] . tLg} ;x/df  :yflkt u/] . g]kfnsf d'b|fdf >L–>L–>L–t–n]–h'–e–jf–gL eg]/ pg} b]jLsf] gfd n]lvPsf] xf] .

o;af6 k|:6 x'G5 lt/x't cyf{t\ ldlynfk|b]z Ps :jtGq d'n's eP klg a[xt\ g]kfnIf]qs} Ps efu lyof] . j}jflxs ;DaGwgn] dfq oL b'O{ e"ld hf]l8Psf lyPgg\, ;f+:s[lts jf wfld{s dfq gftf lyPg, /fhgLlts Pstf;d]t lyof] . haha cfkm"df ;ª\s6 cfof], ;xof]usf nflu csf{] efult/ d'v tfSg] / lng]–lbg] ul/GYof] eGg] :ki6 x'G5 .

/fgL b]jnb]jLn] cfˆgf 5f]/f hutl;+xb]jsf] ljjfx eQmk'/sf /fhf ?b| dNnsL ljwjf 5f]/L;Fu u/fOg\ . b]jnb]jLn] cfˆgL gfltgL -hutl;+xb]jsL 5f]/L_sf] ljjfx klg tL/x'tsf o'js;Fu u/fOg\, hf] kl5 eQmk'/sf] zf;gJoj:yfdf hol:ylt dNnsf gfdn] zlQmzfnL / k|l;4 ePsf lyP .

luof;–pb–lbg t'unssf k|ltlglwn] l;d/f}gu9 Wj:t kf/]kl5 pgn] ldlynfsf] /fhwfgL b/eª\ufdf ;f/] / ldlynfsf] gfd t'unsfafb /fv] . kl5 lgoldt s/ ltg'{kg{] u/L :yfgLo sfd]Zj/ 7fs'/nfO{ pSt e"efusf] k|zf;gsf] lhDdf lbP . 7fs'/n] ;g\ !%@^ ;Dd ;Qf ;~rfng u/]sf] b]lvG5 . pgLkl5 pgsf ;Gtfg g} lbNnL ;'NtgtcGtu{t b/eª\uf l/of;tsf /fhf /x] .

kl5 kfNkfsf d's'Gb;]g k|ydsf sfG5f 5f]/f nf]xfª;]gn] of] If]q lht] . o;/L of] e"efu dsjfgk'/] /fhfsf] xftdf cfof] . kl5 k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf ;]gfn] dsjfgk'/] /fhf lbUjw{g ;]gnfO{ k/flht u/L o; If]qnfO{ uf]vf{nLsf] lgoGq0fdf NofP .

afx|f}F ztfAbLdf ltAatL tLy{ofq' wd{:jfdLn] u/]sf] j0f{gcg';f/ l;d/f}gu9 Ps ;DkGg / ;'/lIft /fHo lyof] . pgsf cg';f/ of] :yfg alnof cUnf rqmJo"x cfsf/sf kvf{nx¿b\jf/f 3]l/Psf] lyof] . p;a]nf o; ;x/sf] hg;ª\Vof 5 nfv lyof] . O6flnog kfb/L Sofl;ofgf] / cª\u|]h ljb\jfg x8;gn] klg o;sf] k|;ª\u NofPsf 5g\ .

/fhf jL/]Gb|n] lj;+ @)$% ;fndf o; e]usf] k'/ftflŒjs dxŒjsf] vf]hLsf nflu pTvgg u/fP . To; pTvggaf6 o; ;x/sf] af/]df w]/} ;"rgf k|fKt eof] . ToxfF cfh k'/ftflŒjs j:t'x¿ oqtq 5l/Psf 5g\ .

89]sf] rfdn, df6fsf efF8f / u/uxgfx¿ cfh klg oqtq v]taf/Lx'Fbf] e]l6O/x]sf 5g\ . xl/x/k'/df Pp6f cgf}7f] afs; kfOPsf] 5 . of] afs; 9'ª\ufn] ag]sf] 5 . k'/ftŒj ljefun] o;nfO{ jl/kl/ lgs} ulx/f] vg]/ lgsfNg vf]Hbf ;s]g . Tof] afs; lemSg k|of]u ul/Psf] a'N8f]h/sf] 6'6f] g} efFlrof]  . cfh To;nfO{ ;f]xL :yfgdf /fvL ;fgf];fgf] kSsL ejgdf ;'/lIft ul/Psf] 5 . To; afs;cufl8 Pp6f lkNn/ 5 . Tof] 9'ª\u] lkNn/ ;fgf] eP klg b;–afx| hgfn] xNnfpg klg ;St}gg\ elgG5 . ToxL :tDesf] klZrk6\l6sf] vf8n ePsf] 7fpFdf t'nhf ejfgLsf] dlGb/ lyof] eGg] :yfgLosf] ljZjf; 5 . Tof] vf8n pTvggsf] qmddf aGg k'u]sf] xf] .

ptf /fgLjf; dlGb/g]/ cd[tuGh uflj;df /x]sf] 9'ª\ufsf] lkNn/ emg\ cfZro{hgs 5 . of] s;}n] lemSg ;s]sf lyPgg\, xfQLn] ;d]t . of] hlt af9L cfP klg slxNo} 8'Ab}g elgGYof] .  hUufwgL zª\s/ dxtf] sf]O/Ln] o;nfO{ ToxfFaf6 lems]/ cGoq ;fg{ sf]l;; u/] . pgn] ;s]gg\, t/ o; k|of;sf sf/0f pgsf] elthfsf] d[To' ePsf] ljZjf; ul/of] . o;af6 tl;{Psf dflg;x¿ o;nfO{ /x:odo dfG5g\ / >4fk"j{s lnG5g\ . t/ xfn} s'g} sf/0fjz To;n] cfkm\gf] w/ftn km':sfPsf] 5 . Tof] hldgaflx/ To;} /fv]sf] ;fwf/0f 9'ª\uf]h:tf] 5 . o;nfO{ Ps} JolStn] xNnfpg, kN6fpg / ;fg{ ;lsg] ePsf] 5 . 

l;d/f}gu9sf] sª\sfnL dlGb/ O;/f tfnsf] lsgf/df 5 . of] k|frLg zlStkL7  lzv/ z}nLdf ag]sf] 5 . k"j{ kms{]sf] of] ljzfn dlGb/ OF6n] ag]sf] 5 . o;sf] xfnsf] ejgsf] ufx|f] &% ;]dL rf}8f 5 elgG5 . oxfF /fdgjdLdf 7"nf] d]nf nfUg] u5{ . ;+;f/sf ;a} zlStkL7df ef]u lbOG5, cyf{t\ jln lbOG5, t/ oxfF s'g} k|sf/sf] jln lbOFb}g . sltko kz'jln jf kIfLjln glbOg] dlGb/df kmnkm"ns} eP klg jln lbOG5 . t/ oxfF jln lbg'x'Fb}g elgG5 . kmnkm"n of t/sf/LnfO{ klg jln lbg' ck|ToIf lx+;f g} xf] eg]/ x'g'k5{ . sª\sfnL dlGb/ o; ljz]iftfsf sf/0f klg k|l;4 5 . xfn dlGb/sf k'hf/L df]xgs'df/ lu/L 5g\ .

sÍfnL dlGb/cufl8 Pp6f 7"nf] k|frLg 306f /x]sf] 5 . ;f] 306fdf n+= ;+ !!( cyf{t\ ljqmd ;+jt\ !#$( pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . 306f s]xL 6'6km'6sf] cj:yfdf b]lvG5 . o; 306fn] ;d]t Oltxf;sf /x:o vf]Ng ;S5 . !#cf}F ztfAbLsf] O;/f tnfp cfkm}Fdf Pp6f hLljt ;Dkbfsf ¿kdf 5 . l;d|f}gu9sf /fhf lzjl;+xn] cfˆgL lk|o /fgL O;/fsf nflu of] tnfp agfOlbPsf] eGg] ls+jbGtL 5 .

sª\sfnL dfO{sf] dlGb/g]/ dG;fafafsf] dlGb/ 5 5 . dG;fafafsf] dlGb/df pgsf v/fpsf] k"hf x'G5 . dG;fafaf ;DejtM s'g} ;fw';Gt lyP . ltg}n] sª\sfnLdfO{sf] dlGb/nfO{ cfhsf] ljzfn ¿k lbPsf x'g\ .

sª\sfnLdfO{sf] dlGb/ rf]sahf/sf] k"jL{ v08df 5 eg] ToxfFsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] dlGb/ /fgLjf; dlGb/ ToxfFaf6 nueu b'O{ lsld k/ 5 . /fdhfgsLsf] of] ljzfn dlGb/ cd[tuGh uflj;df kYof{], xfn of] dlGb/;lxt o; n]vdf rlr{t ;Dk"0f{ If]q l;d/f}gu9 gu/kflnsfleq kfl/Psf 5g\ .

lj;+ !(## df hª\uaxfb'/ /f0ff l;d/f}gu9df l;sf/ SofDk ;s]/ kms{g] qmddf ‘/f}tx6sf] kTy/36\6f’df d/] . -:yfgLox¿sf cg';f/ ;f] :yfg xfn af/f lhNnfcGtu{t k5{ ._ pgsL /fgLn] ;tL hfg] a]nfdf k|s6 u/]sf] OR5f k"/f 5f]/f hLthª\un] lj=;+= !(#% df ;f] dlGb/sf] lgdf{0f u/fPsf x'g\ . of] s'/f ToxfFsf] 306fdf ;d]t pNn]v 5 . k"jf{led'vL of] dlGb/ klg lzv/ z}nLdf 5 . /fd, nId0f, ;Ltfsf wft'd"lt{ cufl8 hª\uaxfb'/, lx/0os'df/L / cGo kl/jf/hgsf ;'Gb/ ;flns xft hf]8]/ a;]sf 5g\ .

oxfFsf] of] /fdhfgsL dlGb/ hgsk'/sf] /fdhfgsL dlGb/eGbf h]7f] xf], / of] p;a]nf g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] dlGb/ lyof] . cfh klg ;fob hgsk'/sf] hfgsL dlGb/kl5 oxL g]kfnsf] 7"nf] dlGb/ xf] . of] dlGb/ nueu b; la3f If]qkmndf km}lnPsf] 5 / dlGb/ kl/;/ j/k/sf] hldgeGbf nueu b; lkm6 cUnf] kfl/Psf] 5 . dlGb/sf] ;~rfng, k"hg, dd{t cflbsf nflu oxfF %& la3f hldg u'7Lsf] Joj:yf u/L cfDbfgL afFlwPsf] 5 . cfh g]kfn ;/sf/ u'7L ;+:yfgn] ;Dk"0f{ :jfldTj lnPsf] 5 . oxfF k|ltlbg krf;–;f7L JolStsf nflu e08f/f rnfOG5 . xfdL uof}F eg] ToxfFsf] e08f/fdf vfgf vfg' Ps ljlzi6 cg'ej x'g]5 .

dlGb/sf] ;'/Iffy{ ;z:q k|x/Lsf] Ps 6's8L g} t}gfy ul/Psf] 5 .

dlGb/ cToGt hL0f{ 5 . k'glg{df{0f sfo{s} k'glg{df{0f ug'{kg{] u/L nyflnª\u kfl/Psf] 5 . dfcf]jfbLx¿ ;Qfdf k'Ugf;fy k'/fgf] P]ltxfl;s ejgsf] ‘k'g?4f/’ ug{ klZrdL cfwf v08 eTsfP/ ;/sf/n] cfw'lgs ;fdu|L k|of]u u/L xb} s'¿k ejg agfOlbof] . k'glg{df{0f x}g ;Dk"0f{ Wj:t u/]sf] Tof] cj:yf b]Vtf /f]pFm/f]pmF eP/ cfpF5 . g]kfnsf /fhgLlthLjLx¿ lsg olt;f/f] b'lg{otk"0f{, /fi6«3ftL, e|i6 / Oltxf;–lj/f]wL ag]sf xF < Oltxf; ;'/lIft gePsf] b]zsf] eljio cem c;'/lIft x'G5 eg]/ oL kfkfTdf ca'emx¿nfO{ s;n] ;Demfpg] <

xfd|f g]tf / ‘/fi6«;]js sd{rf/L’x¿sf] ;SsnL cg'xf/ x]g{ ToxfF k'Ug'k5{ .

b;–afx| la3f If]qkmndf olt cUnf] l9:sf] TolQs} k|fs[lts ¿kdf ag]sf]] xf] eGg] nfUb}g . ;DejtM oxfF klxn] l;d/f}gu9sf] /fhk|f;fb lyof] . ;doqmddf Tof] Wj:t ePsf] / To;} :yfgdf kl5 hª\uaxfb'/ /f0ffsf 5f]/fx¿n] /fdhfgsLsf] ljzfn dlGb/ agfPsf x'g ;S5g\ . gq o;} dlGb/sf nflu pgLx¿n] uf]?uf8fdf df6f] cf];f/]s} e/df Tolt cUnf] kf/]/ hldg p7fP eGg sl7g 5 .

l;d/f}gu9 ;fgf] ;LdfGt a:tL eP klg o;sf] P]ltxfl;stf 7"nf] ePsfn] clxn] oxfF ko{6sLo ;Defjgfsf] vf]hL eO/x]sf] 5 . oxfF jf; a:g pko'St xf]6n–nh 5}gg\ . dflg;x¿ l;d/f}gu9 3'Dg hfg'kbf{ jL/uGh, sn}of of uf}/df a;]/ ToxfFaf6 ;jf/L;fwg lnO{ cfpg] / kmls{OxfNg] u5{g\ Sof/ . ToxL eP/ ToxfF xf]6n gv'n]sf, v'n]sf klg aGb eOxfn]sf . ToxfF clns ;'Jojl:yt xf]6n vf]n]/ ko{6sLo dxŒjsf] rrf{ ug{] xf] eg] ko{6s ga:g] s'/} 5}g . ef/tLo / g]kfnL ko{6sdfq ToxfF /f]Sg ;s] w]/} x'G5 . o;}u/L 5]psf ufpFdf xf]d:6] rnfpg ;s] pQd b]V5' d . sdn]Zj/gfy dlGb/, afs; dlGb/, em/f]v/ tfn, srf]jf{ jf b]jtfnh:tf P]ltxfl;s dxŒjsf 7fpF x]g{ kfpg' rfgr'g] s'/f xf]Og . hn–e08f/0fsf] lx;fan] vlgPsf] g]kfnsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] kf]v/L xf] elgG5 ToxfFsf] b]jtfnnfO{ . ef/tk6\l6af6 oxfF;Dd lkr af6f] 5, xfd|fk6\\l6 gePsf] b]Vtf b'Mv nfU5 .

/fhfafbf, dgxjf{, wf]lalgof, g/s6L, hf]sxL, cfdf}jf, kmylxof k|d'v tfnx¿ 5g\ . gf}–b; la3fdf ag]sf] o; tfnsf] lsgf/df 5 sª\sflngL dfO{dlGb/ . em/f]v/ kf]v/LnfO{ afpGg la3fdf 5 eg] klg pgGtL; la3fdfq cf]u6]sf] b]lvG5, afFsL hldg l8n / afFemf] 5 . of] dT:o–pTkfbg ks]6 If]q xf] / ;a} kf]v/Ldf df5fkfng u/]sf] clg htftt} df5f–kmfd{x? agfPsf] b]Vg kfOG5 .  

l;d/f}gu9sf] df6fsf] lsNnf ljZjk|l;4 5 . o;nfO{ :yfgLo efiffdf afxLF elgG5 . cr]n afxLF ;DofP/ aGg] cUnf] hldgdf ;'s'Daf;L a;fpg], df6f] rf]/]/ 6«ØfS6/df nf]8 u/L nu]/ 3/cfFug k'g{] u/]sf] b]Vtf g]kfnnfO{ dfof ug{] x/]ssf] x[bo kmf6]/ cfpF5 . ljZjel/sf ko{6sn] x]g{ cfpg] of] df6fsf] lsNnfnfO{ ;'/Iff s;n] b]nf / v} < o;nfO{ g]kfnLn] lrGg afFsL b]lvG5 .

/fgLjf; dlGb/, O;/f kf]v/L, sª\sfnL dlGb/, g]kfn ef/t ;Ldf, b]jtfn, sdn]Zj/gfy, afs; cflb ;a} 7fpF 3'Dg Ps k"/f lbg nfU5 . u|fdL0f ko{6gsf nflu of] cToGt pko'St :yfg xf] . P]ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts tyf k'/ftflŒjs dxŒjsf] 7fpF x'gfn] o; e"ldsf] ofqfn] xfdLn] cfkm}FnfO{ lrGg df}sf kfpg]5f}F .

oxfF k'Ug af/fsf] sn}ofaf6 @) lsld blIf0fk"j{df jf /f}tx6sf] u?8faf6af6 @% lsnf]ld6/ pQ/klZrddf hfg'k5{ . drflxF df]6/;fOsn ofqfdf g]kfn e|d0f ug{ lg:sg]n] o; :yfgsf] e|d0f ug{ ;a}eGbf ;xh / ;:tf] b]V5' . oxfFsf ;Dk"0f{ :ynx¿ nueu @% ju{lsnf]ld6/leq} ePsfn] e|d0f ;xh 5 .

;Gbe{;|f]t M != n]vs cfkm}F ljleGg b'O{ cjnf]sg–e|d0fdf uO{ u/]sf] :ynut cWoog

          @= cgnfOg pknAw ljleGg ;fdu|L

          #= o'6\o'adf k|sflzt ljleGg cj;/sf lel8of]

          $= uf]/vfkq @)&( c;f/ !#, bLks >]i7 .

-@)*@ ;fpg !@, O6x/L_

)))

 

 

#= Dofªn'ª

t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd Dofªn'ª ahf/ xf] . Dofªn'ª ahf/sf] aLrlt/ kLknsf] Pp6f 7"nf] ¿v 5 . To; ¿vsf] km]b}df 6fFl;P/ /x]sf] Pp6f la/fnfsf] 9'ª\u] d"lt{ klg 5 . lnDa"x¿ a;{]lg o; d"lt{sf] k"hf u5{g\ . a"9fkfsfx¿ o; 7fpFn] Dofªn'ª gfd s;/L kfof] o;/L eG5g\–

w]/} jif{ cl3sf] s'/f xf] . xfd|f afh]sf afh]sf klg afh]sf kfnfsf] s'/f xf]nf . w]/} k'/fgf] s'/f xf] . kxf8sf] 8fF8}8fF8f eP/ b'O{hgf lnDa" hfltsf 9fqm]x¿ db];af6 s]xL ;fdfg af]s]/ ptf hfFb} /x]5g\ . af6}df /ft kg{ nfu]kl5 pgLx¿ Tof] /ft latfpgsf nflu Ps ¿vsf] km]bdf jf; a:g nfu]sf /x]5g\ .

cfkm\gf] 9fs/ la;fPkl5 Ps hgf bfp/f a6'Ng nfUof] / csf{] rflxF kfgL vf]Hg uof] . bfp/f / kfgLsf] aGbf]a:t ePkl5 pgLx¿n] pgLx¿n] tLgj6f 9'ª\uf vf]h]/ eft ksfpg] r'nf] agfP5g\ . Ps efO rfdn kvfNg nfu]5, csf{]rflxF em'nf] rsdssf] ;xfotfn] cfuf] kfg{ nfu]5 .

3fd c:tfPkl5 cFWof/f] x'g] x'gfn] pgLx¿ xtf/xtf/ vfgf agfpg nfu]sf lyP . p; hdfgfdf 6r{nfO6, d}gaQL, d6\l6t]n cflb x'Fb}gYof] . To;}n] cFWof/f] ;'? x'g'cufj} vfgf ksfO{ vfO;Sg'kYof]{ . a? laxfg w]/} rfF8} p7]/ af6f] nfUg ldNYof] t/ a]n'sf ca]/ u/] d'l:sn kYof{] .

cfuf] afNg nfUbf pgLx¿ eP7fpF Pp6f la/fnf] cfP/ DofpFDofpF u/]5 . 9fqm]x¿n] To; la/fnfnfO{ wkfP5g\ . la/fnfn] dflg;nfO{ 5f8\g dfg]g5 . aNnaNn Tof] la/fnfnfO{ ltgn] wkfpg ;s]5g\ . 

clg bfp/f e]nf u/]/ eft ksfpg yfn]5g\ . eft ksfpg agfPsf] 9'ª\ufsf] r'nf]sf tLgj6f rDsf lyP . cfuf] aNg yfn]kl5 pgLx¿n] eft a;fP5g\ . eft pDng yfn]kl5 Pp6f rDsf] sfDg yfn]5 . 9'ª\uf] sfd]sf] b]v]/ 9fqm]x¿ cflQP5g\ .

pgLx¿n] r'nfaf6 eft lems]5g\ . Pp6f 9fqm]n] sfDg nfu]sf] 9'ª\nfO{ v's'/Ln] xfg]5 . v's'/Lsf] rf]6 k/]sf] 7fpFaf6 /ut aUg yfn]5 . Tof] b]v]/ 9fqm]x¿ emg\ 8/fP5g\ . 8/sf sf/0f tL b'j} 9fqm]x¿ ef]s} ;'t]5g\ .

;kgfdf Pp6f 9fqm]n] l;+xdf ;jf/ eP/ cfPsL b]jLnfO{ b]v]5 . b]jLn] ;kgfdf p;nfO{ elg5g\– æd l;+xjflxgL b]jL x'F . ltdLx¿n] d a;]sf] 9'ª\ufnfO{ rf]6 k'¥ofof} . ca ltdLx¿n] To; 9'ª\ufsf] k"hf u/]/ dnfO{ b]jLsf] ¿kdf :yfkgf ug"{ .Æ

9fqm] lapFem]5 . p;n] cfkm\gf] ;fyLnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;kgfsf] s'/f atfP5 . csf{] 9fqm]n] eg]5– æxf] / < d}n] klg 7Ls To:t} ;kgf b]Vt} lyPF, ;kgf b]Vt} ePsf] a]nf t}Fn] lapFemfO;\ .Æ

pHofnf] ePkl5 tL 9fqm]n] hª\unleqsf] ;f] 7fpFdf b]jLsf] :yfkgf u/]5g\ . pgLx¿n] b]jLsf] k"hf u/]5g\ .

af6f] lxF8\g] dflg;x¿n] pgLx¿ s] ub{} 5g\ yfxf kfP5g\ . 9fqm]x¿ ToxfFaf6 cfkm\gf] af6f] nfu]5g\ .

tL l;+xjflxgL b]jLnfO{ lnDa" hfltn] cfkm\gf] efiffdf Dofªn'ª eG5g\ . ;f]xL dlGb/sf sf/0f jgleqsf] ;f] 7fpFdf la:tf/} dflg;x¿ a:g yfn]5g\ . cfh Dofªn'ª b]jL dlGb/ ePsf] :yfgnfO{ Dofªn'ª ahf/ elgG5 . Dofªn'ª ahf/ t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd xf]  .

;|f]t M != dx]Gb|dfnf -rfnL; ;fncl3sf] sIff !) sf] kf7\ok':ts_

          @= o'6\o'asf s]xL lel8of]x¿

)))

 

$= vfF8fb]jL dlGb/ M /fd]5fk

vfF8fb]jL dlGb//fd]5fk lhNnfsf] klZrdL e]s vfF8fb]jL ufpFkflnsf j8f g+= & df cjl:yt wfld{s tyf ko{6sLo dxŒjsf] :yfg xf] . zlQmkL7sf] ¿kdf ztflAbof}Fb]lv eQmhgx¿n] dfGb} cfPsL vfF8fb]jLdf r}t] b;}F / a8fb;}Fsf a]nf 7"nf] d]nf nfUg] u/]sf] 5 . b;}Fsf a]nf 7"nf] dfqfdf k~rjnL lbOg] vfF8fb]jLdf jif}{el/ /fd]5fk, l;Gw'nL, sfe|]knf~rf]s, cf]vn9'ª\uf, bf]nvf, t/fO{sf ljleGg lhNnf / sf7df8f}Faf6 klg eQmhgx¿ bz{gsf nflu k'Ug] u/]sf 5g\ .

clxn] h;/L tfKn]h'ªsL kfyLe/f dfO{sf] bz{gsf nflu  b]zsf nueu ;a} efuaf6 eSthg cf]Ol/G5g\ p;}u/L vfF8fb]jLsf] klg bz{g ug{]x¿ b]z}el/af6 k'U5g\ . ;Kt/Lsf l5Ggd:tf / 8fSg]Zj/L, l;Gw'nLsL sdnfdfO{, gjnk/f;LsL df}nfsflnsf, sfe|]sL knfGrf]s eujtL, bf]nvfsL sflnGrf]s eujtL, uf]/vfsL dgsfdgf eujtL, l;d/f}gu9 af/fsL sª\sfnLdfO{, sn}of af/fsL dxfu9LdfO{, c3f{vfFrLsL ;'kfb]p/fnL dfO{, g]kfnuGhsL jfu]Zj/L, afh'/fsL al8dflnsf / a}t8LsL pu|tf/fsf] klg b]ze/sf dflg;x? bz{g ug{ wfpF5g\ . o;af6 g]kfn wfld{s ko{6gsf nflu klg plQs} dxTTjsf] 5 eGg] o;af6 k|:6 x'G5 .

ls+jbGtLx¿

lxdjt\v08df pNn]v ePcg';f/ /f];L vf]nf / ;'gsf];L gbLsf] ;ª\ud:yndf /x]sf] s'z]Zj/df b]jLn] z'De–lgz'De gfdsf /fIf;nfO{ aw u/L b'uf{ gbLdf v8\u kvfnL vfF8fb]jL dlGb/ /x]sf] :yfgdf v8\u uf8]/ sfnL~rf]sdf cGtWof{g ePsL x'g\ . vfF8fb]jL dlGb/sf k'hf/L tfdfª hfltsf x'g'n] klg vfF8fb]jLnfO{ leGg / ljlzi6 kL7sf] ¿kdf a'‰g ;lsG5 . dlGb/sf k'hf/L cDa/axfb'/ tfdfªsf] hLpdf a]nfa]nfdf b]jL r9\g] u/]sL 5g\ . k'hf/Ldf b]jL r9]sf] a]nf atfOPcg';f/ ljqmd ;+jt\ !%!% df3 !% ut] dª\unaf/sf lbg vfF8fb]jLsf] lznf pTklQ ePsf] xf] . vfF8fb]jLsf] zlQmaf6 k|efljt eO{ ks/af;sf afl;Gbfx¿n] dlGb/df r9fPsf] 306faf6 klg of] dlGb/ lgs} k'/fgf] xf] eGg] tYo kQf nfU5 . lj=;+= !%&# ;fndf r9fOPsf] ;f] 306fdf clxn] klg dlGb/df b]Vg ;lsG5 .

cUnf] 8fF8fsf] 6'Kkfdf /x]sL oL vfF8fb]jL;DaGwL :yfgLo eQmhgdf w]/} vfnsf hg>'lt / ls+jbGtLx¿ kfOG5 . dlGb/ k|frLg t xf] g}, o;dfly o; dlGb/sf] ;'Gb/tf / ;/;kmfOn] cem eJo agfPsf] 5 . vfF8fb]jLs} gfdaf6 o; ufpFkflnsfsf] gfd /xghfgfn] o; e]sdf oL b]jL slt lk|o  / ;Ddflgt 5g\ a'em\g ;lhnf] 5 .

g]kfn PsLs/0f ug]{ qmddf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] k"jL{ lsNnfnfO{ alnof] agfpg l;Gw'nLu9Lkl5 vfF8fb]jLdf ;xfos u9Lsf] ¿kdf lsNnf agfPsf lyP . cª\u|]h;Fusf] n8fO{F lhTgsf nflu k[YjLgf/fo0fn] vfF8fb]jL;Fu cfzLjf{b lnPsf] hg>'lt kfOG5 . l;Gw'nLu9Lsf] n8fOFdf ljho k|fKt u/]kl5 vfF8fb]jLsf] lznfnfO{ /fhwfgLdf NofO{ /fVg] of]hgf /fhfn] agfPsf lyP . lznf Nofpgsf nflu cfˆgf ;]gfnfO{ cfb]z lbP . ;]gfn] st} klg gla;fO{ NofPsf] lznfnfO{ ;fFufdf NofP/ la;fpFbf vfF8fb]jL lznf cnk eOg\ . t];|f] k6s eQmk'/sf] vf]kL9'ª\ufdf NofP/ la;fpFbf vfF8fb]jLsf] lznf km]l/ klg cnk eof] . s;} u/] klg vfF8fb]jLsf] lznf Nofpg g;s]kl5 k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] ToxL a]nfb]lv sdnfdfO{nfO{ k/]jf, dª\unfb]jLnfO{ efn], e}/jb]jLnfO{ /fFuf / vfF8fb]jLnfO{ xfF; / af]sf anL lbg egL cfb]z lbPsf lyP eGg] hg>'lt ;'Gg kfOG5 .

vfF8fb]jLnfO{ /fhwfgLdf Nofpg g;Sg'sf] klg /f]rs k|;ª\u 5 . /fd]5fk u]n'sf ;gdfg kx/L / b'dgf kx/Lsf] sf]vaf6 ;'sdfof kx/L eGg] aQL; nIf0fo'Qm sGof hGd]sL lyOg\ . aQL; nIf0fn] o'Qm ;'s'dfofnfO{ /fgL agfpg /fhfn] b/af/df nu]5g\ . b/af/df ;'s'dfof v';L gePkl5 /fhfn] pgnfO{ u]n'lt/} kmsf{OlbP5g\ . u]n' cfpg] qmddf vfF8fb]jLlg/ cfOk'u]kl5 ;'sdfof cnk eO5g\ / ltt]kftLsf] 5fk|f] agfP/ dfG5]b]lv cb[Zo eP/ al;g\ . clxn] klg b;}Fsf a]nf 5fgf]:j¿k dlGb/df ltt]kftL r9fOg] ul/G5 . kx/L hfltn] clxn] klg vfF8fb]jLnfO{ cfˆgL r]nLsf] ¿kdf k"hf ub{5g\ .

olt eP klg b'u{dtfsf sf/0f vfF8fb]jL k|rf/af6 cf]emn k/]sf] zlQmkL7 xf] .

wfld{s lx;fan] dfq geO{ ko{6sLo b[li6n] klg vfF8fb]jLsf] 8fF8f] dg} nf]Eofpg] vfnsf] /x]sf] 5 . /ft} nfnLu'/fF; km'Ng] vfF8fb]jLaf6 blIf0ftkm{ ljzfn dxfef/t kj{t z[ª\vnf, gfua]nL k/]sf] gLnf] ;'gsf];L gbL / gbL–lsgf/sf 6f/x¿ / vfF8fb]jLaf6 pQ/tkm{ bf]/Daf / ufNkfsf kxf8L xl/of 8fF8fn] vfF8fb]jLnfO{ dgdf]xs agfPsf] 5 . vfF8fb]jLj/k/sf 3gf kxf8L a:tLx¿sf] e|d0fn] klg vfF8fb]jLsf] ofqfnfO{ ;fy{s g} agfpF5 . dem'jf, /fsfy'd, ufun, dfsfb'd, eL/kfgL, ks/af;, cfFkrf}/nufot :yfgLo ufpFx¿ ko{6ssf nflu e|d0fsf] uGtJo aGg ;Sg] k|z:t ;Defjgfx¿ 5g\ . vfF8fb]jLsf] cf;kf;d} kljq wfld{s :ynx¿ s'z]Zj/ dxfb]j dlGb/, d's'6]Zj/L, ;x;|wf/f, ;'gfklt, yfgfklt /x]sf 5g\ .

k"j{af6 hfg]x¿n] alb{jf;af6 l;Gw'nLdf9L / v'sf{]6 x'Fb} vfF8fb]jLsf] ofqf to ug{ ;lsG5 . sf7df8f}Faf6 sl/a !)) lsnf]ld6/sf] ofqf knf{ . g]kfnyf]ssf s'z]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] bz{g klg o;} ofqfdf ;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 .  To;kl5 v}/]gL 3f6df ;'gsf];L gbL t/]/ sRrL ;8ssf] ofqf x'Fb} klg vfF8fb]jL k'Ug ;lsG5 . v}/]gLaf6 hfFbf /fsfy'dsf] 8fF8}8fF8f /ftfDo u'/fF;sf af]6, /dfOnf ufpF x]b}{sf] ofqf ;fFRr} clj:d/0fLo g} x'G5 . t/ cr]n Tof] af6f] sd} dflg; hfG5g\ . ;jf/L ;fwg x'g]n] /fd]5fksf] dGynLaf6 hfg' a]; x'G5 . cr]n dlGb/;Dd g} df]6/af6f] k'u]sf] 5 . /fd]5fksf] ;b/d'sfd dGynLaf6 vfF8fb]jL hfg @! lsnf]ld6/ 5 .

vfF8fb]jL dlGb/ k'Ug c¿ klg af6fx¿ 5g\ t/ km/s af6f]sf km/s :jfb vfF8fb]jL ofqfsf] ljz]iftf g} xf] . aLkL /fhdfu{s} d'Nsf]6sf] emf]n'ª\u] k'n t/]/ l;Tvf x'Fb} sRrL af6f]af6 klg vfF8fb]jL k'Ug ;lsG5 . oxfFaf6 hfFbf 3gf / /d0fLo g]jf/ a:tL, eL/kfgLsf] lr;f] kfgL rfVb} dxfef/t n]ssf] lr;f] xfjfn] xDsFb} vfF8fb]jL dfO{sf] bz{g ubf{sf] cfgGb a]Un} 5 . To:t} d'Nsf]6 u}/Lk'5f/sf] 8Kvf3f6df /x]sf] emf]n'ª\u] k'n t/]/ klg vfF8fb]jLsf] ofqfnfO{ k"/f ug{ ;lsG5 . 8Kvfdf /x]sf] 3gf dfemL a:tLsf] cjnf]sg hghLjg cWoog of] af6f]sf] cnUu} ljz]iftf 5 .

u]n'sf kx/Lx¿n] a8fb;}Fdf km"nkftLsf] lbg s]/f, pv', cb'jfsf] af]6, df5f, 5f]s8f, lhdf{, 5\ofª, /fFuf, af]sf, s'v'/f, xfF;, k/]jf tyf s'df/Lsf ;fdu|Lx¿ P]gf r'/f, wfuf], l;Gb'/, 6Lsf r9fpg] ub{5g\ . clxn] u]n'sf kx/Ln] u]n'd} vfF8fb]jLsf] dlGb/ :yfkgf u/L k"hf rnfOcfPsf 5g\ . vfF8fb]jLsf] k"hfdf clgoldttf ePkl5 b/af/sf] cfb]zdf k"hfnfO{ Jojl:yt u/]sf] kfOG5 . u]n'sf nfnaxfb'/ kx/Ln] ljqmd ;+jt\ !((!df lgoldt k"hf Joj:yfkgsf] dfu /fVb} tTsfnLg ;/sf/;Fu laGtLkq xfn]sf] n]vf]6 kfOG5 . o;n] klg vfF8fb]jLsf] P]ltxfl;s kIf / Oltxf;nfO{ hf]ufP/ /fVg] sfd u/]sf] 5 . iffF8fb]jLsf] cf;kf;df tLg b]jLx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . l;4b]jL, l;4sfnL / l;/xb]jLsf] yfgdf klg k"hfcfhf eQmhgsf] elQm /x]sf] kfOG5 . vfF8fb]jLsf] s]xL tn b'uf{ gbLsf] ¿kdf k'lhg] csf]{ tLy{ klg /x]sf] 5 . ToxL+sf] hnn] lbgx'F vfF8fb]jLnfO{ g'xfpg] ul/G5 .

;Gbe{;|f]t M != https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khandadevi

@= https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLotuU5pUdw

#= https://www.lekbesi.com/temple/khandadevi-ramechhap/

)))

!%. महिषी

–lbg]z kf}8]n

jiff{ Ct' cfO/x]sf] 5 . of] xfd|f nflu /f]df~rstf, s't"xn, xif{ of lj:dosf] ljifo aG5 . t/ dlxifL ufpFsf afl;Gbfsf nflu jiff{ ;Gqf;, clgb|f, clgZro, /f]u, zf]s / ef]ssf] ljifo xf] . hlt kfgL k5{ plt oxfFsf cg'ejL cfFvfdf cfF;' el/G5, qf; el/G5, clgZroefj / a]r}gL r'lnG5 . cfh /flt jf; al;Psf] 3/ ef]ln af9L;Fu} au]/ hfg ;S5 . cfh /f]k]sf] wfg, cfh em'n]sf afnf ef]ln g/xg ;S5g\ . o:tf] a]nfdf cfsfzdf cg'udgsf x]lnsK6/ p8\5g\, ptf cUnf ;8sdf g]tf / dGqLx¿ gd:sf/ vfFb} / 9NsFb} lxF8\5g\, kqsf/x¿ hgtfsf] kL8fnfO{ /f]df~rstf lbP/ clg ltn:dL kf/fn] k|:t't u/]/ cfkm\gf] sfo{qmdsf] 6Lcf/kL cyf{t\ bz{ssf] ;ª\Vof a9fO{ k]6 kfN5g\ . hgtfsf] ;+j]bgzLntfdf ;a} sf]0faf6 v]naf8 / cfqmd0f x'G5 . ‘ls;L sf 3/ hn], sf]O{ tfk]’ eGg] pvfg rl/tfy{ ePsf] oxfF x/jif{ x]g{ kfOG5 .

hgtf gofFgofF g]tfnfO{ ef]6 lbG5g\ t/ cfkm\gf] cj:yf oyfjt\ /xG5 . km]l/ r'gfj cfpF5, gofF k|lta4tf cfpF5g\, gofF–gofF /ª\uLrª\uL g]tf cfpF5g\ u'lnof cfZjf;g lbG5g\, k'/fgfnfO{ s]xL gu/]sf] eg]/ ufnL a;f{pF5g\, ;/fk cf]O¥ofpF5g\ . r'gfj ;lsPsf] ef]lnkN6 ;a}yf]s ;lsPsf] x'G5 . hgtf t pxL ‘k'gM d'lifsf] ejM’ x'G5g\ .

sf];L gbLnfO{ laxf/sf] b'Mv elgG5 . t/ dWo / klZrdsf dfq xf]Og, k"jL{ laxf/sfn] ;d]t sf];Lsf] aaG8/ b]Vg kfPsf x'Fb}gg\ . sf];Lsf] kL8f sf];Llsgf/sf ;'kf}n, ;/x;f, vul8of, efunk'/, dw]k'/f, k'l0f{ofF / sl6xf/n] dfq a]xf]5{g\ . sf];Lsf] kL8f s] xf] eGg] ;x/;fn] cem a9L ef]U5, ;x/;fnfO{ ;f]Wg'k5{ . To;df klg ;x/;fsf] klZrdL If]q sf];Llsgf/sf] dlxifL ufpFn] ;a}eGbf a9L a]xf]5{ .

t/ sf];L afFwaf6 ef/tnfO{ clt a9L gf]S;fg ePsf] 5 eG5g\ dlxifLsf hgtfx¿ . ef/tsf g]tfx¿n] g]kfnL g]tfsf] hfndf k/]/ sf];LnfO{ 3'dfPsf] 7fG5g\ pgLx¿ . sf];Lsf] Pp6f ;fgf] eFufnf] klxn] klg o; dfu{af6 axGYof], t/ To;sf] Iflt gfddfqsf] lyof] . o; eFufnfn] laxf/sf dw'agL, b/eª\uf, ;d:tLk'/ / vul8of lhNnfnfO{ l;l~rt u/]sf] lyof], ;'kf}n / ;x/;f cflb k"jL{ lhNnfnfO{ dfq xf]Og . gbLsf] d'Vo axfj cfhsf] k'l0f{ofF / sl6xf/ ;x/sf] 5]p eP/ aUYof] . ha sf];Ln] cfkm\gf] af6f] abNof], vfnL ePsf] 7fpFdf gofF dflg; cfP, dlnnf] e"ld cfafb u/] . a:tL / ahf/ a;] . t/ ptf klxNo}b]lvsf a:tLx¿df a;]sf dflg;sf] pl7af; eof] . ;of}F ufpFsf dflg; ;'s'Daf;L ag] . ltgsf ;Gtlt cfh k6gf, efunk'/, ;d:tLk'/, b/eª\uf / dw'jgLsf ;8sdf l/S;f / 7]nf rnfO/x]sf 5g\ . slt cf;fd / emf/v08sf sf]OnfvfgLdf sfd ub{} 5g\ eg] slt tldngf8' / s]/nfdf sG:6«S;g ;fO6df dhb'/L clg 3/df /ª nufpg] sfd ub{} 5g\ . sf];L sx/ ag]/ cfh klg To; gbLsf] lsgf/df a;]sfx¿dfly vlgO/x]sf] 5 . cfkm\gf] yftynfdf emg\dfly emg\ cfklQ ylkFbf klg ;s];Dd 6fFl;O/x]sf 5g\ dflg;x¿ gbLlsgf/df .

dlgxf/L cfh klg 7"nf] tLy{ dflgG5, Tof] sf];L / uª\ufsf] bf]efg x'gfn] tLy{ lyof] . cfh hxfF k'l0f{ofF ;x/ 5, sl6xf/ ;x/ 5, t/ ToxfF sf];L 5}g . gbL ;¥of], t/ ;x/ / tLy{ ;g{ ;s]gg\ . cfh uª\uf / sf];Lsf] bf]efg s'/;]nfnfO{ s;}n] klg tLy{ eGb}gg\ . 7"nf7"nf bf]efgdf 7"nf7"nf tLy{ ag]sf 5g\, 7"nf ;x/ a;]sf 5g\ t/ s'/;]nfdf s]xL klg 5}g . o;sf] sf/0f of] bf]efg gofF x'g' g} xf] . dlgxf/Lb]lv k"j{k6\l6sf] ljzfn bx uf]uflan ToxL sf];Ln] 5f8]sf] e"ld xf] . cfh klg ToxfF df6f]–afn'jf el/O;s]sf] 5}g .

ef/tn] sf];LnfO{ clnslt eP klg g]kfnL e"efuaf6 aufpg] nf]e lnof] . ef/tLo g]tfx¿sf] If'b| :jfy{sf sf/0f sf];Ln] dfu{ abNof] . sf];Lsf] afFw g]kfnleq afFw]/ ef/tn] g]kfnsf] yk b'O{ ;o rfnL; ju{lsnf]ld6/ If]q gbLdf kfg{ uof] . gbLn] dfu{ abNof] . o;af6 g]kfnsf] ax'd"No wfg v]t 8'Aof], dflg;sf] pl7af; eof] . t/ ef/tsf] Iflt cem ck"/0fLo eOlbof] .  sf];Lsf] dfu{ ablnP/ of] nueu c;L lsnf]ld6/ yk nlDaof] . o;f] x'gfn] ef/tsf] emg\ Ps xhf/ kfFr ;o ju{lsnf]ld6/ yk hldg gbLdf 8'a]/ gf]S;fg eof] . nf]eLsf] efF8f] pleG8f] eg]sf] oxL xf] .

dnfO{ e]naf9Lsf] ;dodf k|frLg e"ld dlxifLdf k'Ug dg 5 . oxfF sfl/s afaf sf];Llsgf/df cfh xf] ls ef]ln alug] xf] eg]/ a;]sf 5g\ . oxfF d}lyn ljåfg\ d08g ld> a:y] . pgsL k|sf08 ljb"ifL kTgL peof ef/tL klt;]jfdf ;dlk{t lyOg\ . t/ ha cflbzª\s/frfo{ oxfF cfP/ d08g ld>nfO{ ljåQfsf] xfFs lbP, zf:qfy{ ug{] xfFs lbP, / tL b'O{ aLr 5ofGgAa] lbg;Dd Oltxf;k|l;4 uDeL/ zf:qfy{ eof] . cGTodf ha cflbzª\s/frfo{n] d08g ld>nfO{ k/flht ug{ nfu], peof ef/tL pleP/ cfkm" d08g ld>sf] cfwf cª\u ck/flht /x]sf] / pgL;Fu zf:qfy{ ug{ tof/ /x]sf] hgfp lbOg\ . pgn] cflbzª\s/frfo{nfO{ ts{n] xf/faf/f v]nfOg\ . o;kl5 ltgL zf:qfy{nfO{ TolQs} 5f8]/ lxF8] elgG5 .

dnfO{ To; kljq e"lddf k'Ug dg 5 .

ef/tLo g]tfx¿sf] nf]eL–kfkL a]xf]/fn] kLl8t dlxifLsf u|fdL0fx¿;Fu b'Mv–;'vdf ;Fu} Ps–b'O{ /ft latfpg dg 5 . x]/, xfdL ltdLx¿eGbf cem a9L g]tf–kLl8t 5f}F eGg dg 5 .

-@)*@ ;fpg &, O6x/L_

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O6x/L

x/]s 7fpFsf] gfd x'G5 / To; gfdsf] k5fl8 cg]s sf/0f x'G5g\, syf / kfq x'G5g\ . O6x/L ;x/sf] gfd s;/L /x\of] xf]nf < o;af/]df s;}s;}n] ‘cg';Gwfg’ u/]/ kRrL;–tL; jif{cl3 Ps n]v g} tof/ kf/]sf lyP . :yfgLo klqsfn] ljz]if cg';Gwfg eg]/ To;nfO{ ;xif{ k|sflzt u/]sf] lyof] . dnfO{ slxn]sfxLF o; ljifodf pT;'stf hfU5 . slxn]sfxLF sNkgf u5'{, d]/f] ;x/ O6x/Ln] gfd kfpg'sf k5fl8 kSs} s]xL sf/0f, 36gf cflb x'g'k5{ . To; ‘cg';Gwfg’n] lbPsf] k|df0f ;xL xf] ls xf]Og xf]nf <

O6x/Lsf] af/]df ul/Psf] cg';Gwfgdf cg';Gwftfn] eg]sf 5g\ M OF6sf] ‘x/L’ cyf{t\ b08 lbg] t'?ªsf sf/0f o; ;x/sf] gfd O6x/L /x]sf] xf] . o;} cfwf/df O6x/Lsf] d'Vo rf]sdf OF6sf] t'?ª agfO{ ljleGg hfthfltsf gf/L–k'?if ;flnsnfO{ pSt ‘OF6–x/L’ af]Sg nufOPsf] lyof] .

ef/tdf ef]hk'/ lhNnf 5 . g]kfndf klg ef]hk'/ lhNnf 5 . ef/tdf kmt]xk'/ gfdsf lgs} :yfg 5g\, g]kfndf klg kmQ]k'/ 5 . nlntk'/ ef/tsf] dWok|b]zsf] k|frLg /fhwfgL ;x/ xf], ef/tsf] pQ/k|b]zdf klg nlntk'/ 5 . g]kfnsf] nlntk'/ klg k|frLg g} xf] . ef/tdf e/tk'/ klg Ps k|frLg  /fhwfgL ;x/ g} xf] . g]kfnsf] e/tk'/ klg k'/fg} 7fpF xf] . xfdL ;femf Oltxf;, ;+:s[lt / wd{ ePsf x'gfn] JolStsf gfdh:t} :yfgsf gfd klg ;femf ubf{ /x]5f}F . s'g 7fpFn] s'g 7fpFsf] gfd k|of]u u/\of], eGg ;lsg] l:ylt 5}g .  

ef/t / g]kfndf hgsk'/, /fdgu/, ;Ltfgu/, s[i0fgu/, xl/gu/, zflGtgu/, >Lgu/, cof]Wof, alnof jf To:t} gfdsf aL;f}F jf To;eGbf a9L :yfg 5g\ . Og/jf, Og?jf, Ogjf{ klg g]kfn / ef/tdf aL;f}F :yfg /x]5g\ . O6x/L To:tf] nf]slk|o gfd gePsfn] o;dfly cg';Gwfg ug{ ;+:s[ltljb\, efiffljb\ jf g[tŒjljb\x?sf nflu ;lhnf] x'Fbf] xf] . O6x/Lsf] gfd s;/L /x\of] xf]nf < km]l/ ;f]rf}F . sf];L k|b]zsf] bf];|f] 7"nf] ;x/ O6x/L nfdf] Oltxf; ePsf] 7fpFrflxF xf]Og . d'l:snn] rf/–kfFr k':tfsf] syf e]l6Pnf oxfFsf] af/]df . ctM O6x/Lsf] gfd oxLF cfljisf/ geP/ cGoqsf] gfd k}Frf] NofPsf] klg x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 .

t]x|y'dsf] lhl/lvDtLnfO{ NofP/ xfdLn] ky/Lg]/sf] lemlsld6\6LnfO{ lhl/lvDtL agfPsf] krf; jif{ klg ePsf] 5}g . O6x/L–!^ df sf]ofvf]nf 6f]n 5, Tof] t]x|y'ds} sf]ofvf]nfaf6 cfPsf s]xL kl/jf/n] h'/fPsf] gfd xf] . To; 7fpFnfO{ klxn] :yfgLo yf¿ hfltn] larnf k}gL eGg] uYof{] . l;/xf, ;Kt/L, wg'iff, dxf]Q/L cflb lhNnfdf O6x/L gfdsf k'/fgf ufpF lgs} 5g\ eGg] dnfO{ yfxf 5 . ltg}dWo] st}sf dflg; oxfF a;f]jf; ug{ yfn]kl5 ltgn] Tof] gfd oxfF klg NofPsf x'g'k5{ . ;Kt/Lsf] /fhlj/fh Po/kf]6{sf] k"j{k6\l6 O6x/L gfdsf] ufpF 5 . l;/xfsf] cf}/xLdf csf{] klg O6x/L 5 . d O6x/L cfpg'cl3 df]/ªsf] O6x/fsf] afl;Gbf x'F . O6x/f, O6x/L, O6xjf{ cflb gfdsf 7fpF t/fO{df cg]s 5g\ . 

ef/tsf] laxf/df dfq aL;f}F 7fpF 5g\ O6x/L gfdsf . xfd|f] 7fpFaf6 clns glhssf s]xL O6x/L x]/f}F–

!= laxf/sf] ;x/;f lhNnfdf Pp6f O6x/L gfdsf] ufpF 5 . Tof]  ;f]ga/;f ;x/af6 ^ lsld klZrd–blIf0fdf k5{ .

@=  laxf/sf] ;x/;f lhNnfd} csf{] klg O6x/L 5 . of] ;x/;f ahf/af6 ^ lsld pQ/df 5 / of] ;f]ga/;fsf] O6x/Laf6 #) lsld pQ/df k5{ .

 #= laxf/sf] dw]k'/f lhNnfdf csf{] klg O6x/L 5 . km'nf}t gfdsf] ufpFg]/sf] of] ufpF ;f]ga/;fsf] O6x/Laf6 #% lsldhlt k"j{blIf0fdf 5 .

$= ;'kf}n lhNnfsf] ;'kf}naf6 !) lsld k"j{–blIf0fdf / ;x/;fsf] O6x/Laf6 @) lsld pQ/df clg ;f]ga/;fsf] O6x/Laf6 $% lsld pQ/df csf{] klg O6x/L gfdsf] ufpF 5 . 

%= ;'kf}n lhNnfd} 5 csf{] klg O6x/L gfdsf] ufpF . Tof] ufpF c/{xflghs clg ;'kf}n ahf/af6 nueu @@ lsld pQ/ / ;f]ga/;fsf] O6x/Laf6 &) lsld pQ/ sf];Lsf] k"jL{ lsgf/df 5 .

^= k'l0f{ofF lhNnfdf klg 5 O6x/L ufpF . ;f]ga/;fsf] O6x/Laf6 nueu %% lsld k"j{df kg{] of] 7fpF klg k|frLg a:tL xf] eGg]df zª\sf 5}g .

laxf/sf] ;Ktsf];Lsf] k"j{k6\l6dfq 5j6f O6x/Lsf] pNn]v ul/of] . ptf sf];Ls]f klZrdk6\l6 dw'jgL lhNnfdf klg s]xL O6x/L 5g\ . dw'jgL lhNnfsf] dw'jgL ;/xaf6 k"j{–blIf0fdf l:yt csf]{ O6x/L ;f]ga/;fsf] O6x/Laf6 nueu &) lsld pQ/df 5 . ;'kf}nsf] c/{xfg]/sf] O6x/Laf6 ;Ktsf];L t/]/ s]xL klZrd hfg'k5{ o; ufpFdf k'Ug .

o:tf] ;"rL nfdf] x'G5 . tkfO{FnfO{ k9\g emsf{] nfUnf eg]/ laxf/sf ptf rDkf/0f, ;Ltfd9L, d'hkm\km/k'/, b/eª\uflt/sf O6x/Lsf] s'/f gu/]sf] . klZrd aª\ufnsf O6x/Lsf] klg s'/f gu/f}F .

l5d]sL b]z aª\unfb]zsf Ps–b'O{ O6x/L gb]vfO{sg rflxF of] l6kf]6 k"/f x'Fb}g .  aª\unfb]z k"jL{ efusf] l;nx6af6 %) lsld blIf0fdf ef/tLo /fHo lqk'/fglhs Pp6f ;LdfGt ufpF 5 O6x/L . csf{] O6x/LrflxF ef/tLo /fHo klZrd aª\ufnsf] ;Ldfglhs u]bfaf/Lglhs 5 . of] pSt b]zsf] klZrdL efudf /fhzfxL ;x/af6 @) lsld pQ/klZrddf k5{ .

o;} u/L O6x/f, O6xjf{, O6/fxL, c6x/L, c6f/L, 6x/L, l6x/L cflb p:t}p:t} gfd ePsf cg]s ufpF / ;x/ 5g\ g]kfn, aª\unfb]z / ef/tel/ . O6x/Lsf ;a}eGbf k'/fgf lnlvt ;fdu|Ldf o;nfO{ O6«fxf/L cflb gfd b]lvPsf] x'Fbf o; ;x/n] OF6sf] x/L -t'?ª_af6 gfd kfPsf] xf] eGg] egfOnfO{ k'li6 ub{}g . cGoqsf O6x/Lsf] gfd;DaGwL af/]df k6Ss} vf]h gu/L b'O{–rf/ hgf :yfgLo a"9fkfsfsf] egfOnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ lgisif{df k'u]sf] Tof] cg';Gwfg xf:of:kb, nHhf:kb nfU5, s]6fs]6L ts{ nfU5 . clg To;} cg';Gwfgsf] e/df rf]sdf t'?ª agfpg] snfsf/, kqsf/, a'l4hLjL / ;dfh;]jL / gu/kflnsfsf] cWoog, r]tgf / v'aL b]Vtf l;ª\u} ;x/ 6k/6'OofFx¿sf] a:tL xf] eGg] nfU5 . To; t'?ªjl/kl/ 3'Dbf cfkm\gf] c1fg, nfrf/L / lgsDdfkg dx;'; x'G5 .

Tof] t'?ª / t'?ª af]Sg] ;a}nfO{ 9flnlbP/ xfd|f] d"v{tf ;uj{ k|bz{g x'gaf6 /f]lslbPsfdf h]ghLnfO{ wGojfb 5 .

)))

lj/f6gu/

Pp6f a]nfotL uf]/] 3'Db}3'Db} x'UnL gbLsf] lsgf/sf] Pp6f ;fgf] ufpFg]/ cfOk'u]5 . p;n] v]tdf sf6]sf] wfg ;x\ofl//x]sf] ls;fgnfO{ lxGbL efiffdf ;f]w]5– æSof gfd x} O; ufFj sf <Æ

ls;fgn] cfkm\gf] sfd 5f8]/ 6fpsf] p7fpFb} uf]/]nfO{ x]/]5 . uf]/]n] pSt k|Zg k'gM bf]xf]¥ofP5 . ls;fgn] d'v cfF u/]/ uf]/]lt/ x]l//x]5 p;sf s'/f ga'em]/ . æO; ufFj sf Sof gfd x} <Æ uf]/]n] o;kN6 clns 7"nf] :j/df ;f]w]5 . cem} t w]/} aª\ufnLx¿ /fd|/L lxGbL a'em\b}gg\, tLg ;o jif{eGbf cl3sf] sxfgL xf] of], p;a]nfsf] ufpFn] aª\ufnL ls;fgn] lxGbL s] a'emf];\— To} klg uf]/]sf] pRrf/0f . p;n] eG7fg]5 o; uf]/]n] of] wfg slxn] sf6]sf] eg]/ ;f]w]sf] x'g'k5{ . p;n] aª\ufnLdf pQ/ lbP5– æsn sf6f ÛÆ cyf{t\ lxhf] sf6]sf] .

aª\ufnLn] æsnÆ eGbf æsf]nÆ eg]h:tf] ;'lgG5 . uf]/]n] cfkm\gf] 8fo/Ldf l6k]5– æsf]nsf6fÆ . To;kl5 a]nfotL zf;sx¿n] pSt ufpFsf] gfd æsf]nsf6fÆ 7fg]5g\ .

oxL ufpFdf kl5 uf]/]x¿n] O:6 OlG8of sDkgLsf] d'Vo sfof{no vf]n] . x'UnL gbLsf] k"jL{ lsgf/fsf tLgcf]6f ufpFnfO{ ldnfP/ sf]nsf6fdf h'6, t]nxg, sk8f / wfgsf ldnx¿ vf]n] . kl5 of] :yfg 7"nf] cf}Bf]lus ;x/ aGof] . ef/tsf] /fhwfgL ;x/ aGof] .

d]/f xh'/af snsQfsf] gfd s;/L /x]sf] xf] eGg] ljifodf of] ls+jbGtL rfvnfUbf] kf/fdf elg/xg'x'GYof] . pxfF eGg'x'GYof]– æx/]s ufpFsf] gfpF x'G5, / To; gfpFsf] sf/0f s'g} dfG5] jf 36gf x'G5 .Æ

snsQfsf] gfd s;/L /x]sf] xf] eGg] ljifodf cGoq sxLFst} o; syfsf] pNn]v e]6]sf] 5}g . ;a}n] sfnL3f6 dlGb/ jf To:t} :yfg;Fu hf]8]/ n]v]–eg]sf] kfOG5 .

xfd|f] lj/f6gu/sf] gfd s;/L /x]sf] xf]nf t < cfh o;af/] clnslt Wofg lbpmF . s'g} 7fpFsf] gfd h;/L /fv] klg s] /, gfd kfof], eOuf] lg . x}g / < t}klg ==== .

lj/f6gu/af6 ;f]em} blIf0fsf] hf]uagLaf6 s]xL blIf0fdf g]kfn–ef/t ;Ldfdf g]kfnk6\l6 e]l8of/L gfdsf] ;fgf] ufpF 5 . e]l8of/L klxn] a'wgu/ uflj;df kYof{] . xfn To;nfO{ lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfleq uflePsf] 5 . lj/f6gu/sf] gfpF lbnfpg] :yn ;f]xL e]l8of/L xf] . lj/f6gu/nfO{ klxrfgk"0f{ gfd lbg ;Ifd e]l8of/L ufpF nfdf] ;do;Dd a'wgu/ ufpF k~rfot, uflj; cflb cnUu} lrgf/L af]s]/ cl:tTjdf lyof] .

e]l8of/Ldf /fhf lj/f6sf] /fhwfgL ;x/ ePsf], / xfn e]l6Psf] eUgfjz]if pgs} /fhb/af/sf] eUg cjz]if xf] cflb elgPsf] 5 . o;} cfwf/df xfd|f] ;x/n] lj/f6gu/ gfd kfPsf] xf] .

e]l8of/Ldf pSt :ynsf] P]ltxfl;stfsf] af/]df a'em\g s]xL pTvgg eP . cg]s zf]wstf{ cfP, zf]wu|Gy n]v], pkflw kfP, uP . 8f= tf/fgfy ld>sf] cu'jfOdf ul/Psf] ;g\ !(^* sf] pTvgg o;;DaGwL klxnf] / kmnbfoL k'/ftflŒjs cWoog xf] . pSt cWoogn] pSt :yn k|yd / låtLo ztfAbLsf] eUgfjz]if ePsf] eg]sf] 5 . o;f] xf] eg] of] åfk/o'uLg–dxfef/tsfnLg x'g] s'/} cfPg, lj/f6 /fhf;Fu ;DalGwt x'g] t cem s'/f] cfPg . b/af/ xf] eg]/ bfaL ul/Psf] :yfgnfO{ k|frLg jf:t'zf:qn] ‘s'Ss'6 c08 ;lb;d’ eg]sf] x'gfn] Tof] lj/f6 /fhfsf] b/af/ x'g] ;Defjgf sd 5 . t/ kf]v/Lx¿, Ogf/x¿, 3/x¿sf hu htftt} e]l6g'n] Tof]  s'g} ultnf]–wgL a:tLsf] cjz]if xf] eGg]df b'lawfrflxF 5}g . of] :yfg vf]6f /fhj+zLx¿sf] /fhwfgL /x]sf] ljifodf sltko ljåfg\ / cg';Gwftfsf] dt ;'lgG5 .

cfh klg pSt :yfgdf e]l6Psf OF6 / cGo ;fdu|L -c_;'/lIft /flvPsf 5g\ . ToxfF kfOPsf OF6 k|of]u u/]/ sltko :yfgLon] cfkm\gf] 3/ agfP, cfFugdf cf]5\ofP . Pp6f k|fylds ljBfno;d]t agfOof] . xhf/f}F jif{;Dd hldgd'lg ;'/lIft /x]sf k'/ftflŒjs j:t'x¿ :yfgLox¿n] hyfefjL k|of]u u/], / gi6 eP, leNnsf b]zdf dl0f eof] . To;} 7fpFdf ev{/} gofF r]s kf]:6 / 8«fO{ kf]6{ agfOPsfn] ar]v'r]sf P]ltxfl;s cjz]if / k|df0fx¿ gi6 eO/x]sf jf eO;s]sf 5g\ . cem} ar]sf s]xL cjz]if eP tL klg ca nfdf] ;do;Dd l6Sg]jfnf 5}gg\ .

lj/f6gu/sf] Oltxf; hfGg dg x'g]n] k|f1 :j= blw/fh ;'j]bLn] n]Vg'ePsf] ‘lj/f6gu/sf] ;ª\lIfKt Oltxf;’ k':ts k9\g' h?/L 5 . pxfFsf ;'k'q lbg]z/fh ;'j]bL -lj/f6gu/_;Fu ;Dks{ u/]df pSt ;fdu|L k|fKt x'g ;S5 . g]skf Pdfn]sf] sf7df8f}F df]/ª ;Dks{ d~rn] k|sflzt u/]sf] ‘df]/ª Ps kl/ro’ u|Gydf o;;DaGwL yk ;fdu|L 5g\, h;df cg';Gwftf tf/fgfy ld>sf] cfn]v ‘k"jL{ g]kfnsf] Oltxf; / uf}/jsf ufyfx¿’ ljz]if k7gLo 5 . o;}u/L pSt u|Gydf 8f= k]zn bfxfnsf] n]v ‘df]/ªsf] Pltxfl;s ¿k/]vf’ klg lj/f6gu/;DaGwL cWoog ug{ rfxg]sf nflu /fd|f] ;|f]t;fdu|L x'g ;S5 . lj/f6gu/sL ;'gLtf kf]v/]nn] lj=;+= @)%% df P]ltxfl;s lj/f6gu/;DaGwL tof/ ug'{ePsf] zf]wu|Gy oxfF pNn]Vo 5 . cGo klg s}of}F cWoog / cg';Gwfg kSs} ePsf xf]nfg\ .

lj/f6gu/;DaGwL cWoog ug{]x¿sf nflu ;f]x|f}F ztfAbLeGbf k'/fgf P]ltxfl;s ;fdu|L cw'/f, ck"/f, ckof{Kt / c:ki6 5g\ . of] If]q k|frLgsfndf ldlynf /fHosf] cwLgdf lyof] . kl5 slxn] sf]rx¿sf] cwLgdf, slxn] ptf aª\ufnsf] cwLgdf k'Uof] . ha l;d|f}gu9df s0ff{6j+zL /fhfx¿n] zf;g;Qf :yflkt u/], To;a]nf of] lt/x'tcGtu{t cyf{t\ ldlynf e"lddf k'gM ufleof] . kl5 d'unsfndf k'l0f{ofFsf gjfax¿n] ;d]t s]xL ;do oxfF bfaL u/], t/ ls/ftLx¿n] ltgnfO{ eufPkl5 of] ljhok'/sf] cwLgdf /x\of] . of] rf}b08L / pbok'/ /fHosf] cwLgdf klg /x]sf] x'g ;Sg] b]lvG5 . g]kfn PsLs/0f x'g'cl3 of] e"efu kfNkfsf ;]gj+zL /fhfx¿sf] cwLgdf lyof] .

;'g;/L, df]/ª / emfkfnfO{ df]/ª elgGYof] . o; k|zf;lgs If]qdf ef/tsf] ;'kf}n, k'l0f{ofF, dw]k'/f, c/l/of / ls;guGhsf w]/}h;f] If]q ky{] . kl5 g]kfn–cª\u|]h o'4n] g]kfnsf] ;Ldf cfh ePsf] 7fpFdf sfod ug{ k'u]sf] xf], / o;}sf/0f df]/ª v'Drg k'u]sf] xf] . cfh pSt ljzfn df]/ªaf6 ;'g;/L / emfkf klg cnu kfl/Psf] 5 .

lj/f6gu/sf] P]ltxfl;stf jf kf}/fl0fstfsf] vf]hL ug{]n] e]l8of/Lsf sdnlszf]/ ofbjnfO{ e]6\g'kg{] x'G5  . pxfFn] cfkm\gf] 3/df Ps ;ª\u|xfno agfO{ e]l8of/L;DaGwL e]6]hlt ;Dk"0f{ ;fdu|L ;'/lIft /fVg'ePsf] 5 . To; :ynsf] af/]df ;fgf] k'l:tsf cfkm}Fn] 5fKg'ePsf] 5 / zf]wstf{x¿n] ToxfFsf] cWoog u/L tof/ ul/Psf zf]wu|Gyx¿;d]t pknAw x'g] u/L /fVg'ePsf] 5 . tL ;fdu|LnfO{ lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfn] k|fKt u/L t'?Gt ;fj{hlgs ;ª\u|xfnodf /fVg' h?/L 5 .

lj/f6gu/nfO{ dxfef/tsfnLg lj/f6 /fhfsf] If]q xf] eGgsf nflu lnOPsf cfwf/x¿ M

!= afaf xl/z/0f l;+xn] lj/f6gu/df dflg;sf] Ps ljzfn bfFt e]6]sf lyP . Tof] bfFt /fhf lj/f6sf ;fnf tyf ;]gfklt sLrssf] bfFt xf] egL bfaL ul/Psf] lyof] .

@= hf]uagLnfO{ ch'{gn] lbJof:q k|fKt ug{ of]u u/]sf] :yfg ePsfn] of]ujg x'Fb} hf]uagL gfd kfPsf] elgPsf] .

#= klxn] df]/ª -cfhsf] emfkf, df]/ª / ;'g;/L_ sf] ;b/d'sfd /ª\u]nLdf lyof] . ha a]nfotLx¿n] sl6xf/af6 k'l0f{ofF, c/l/of, kmf/la;uGh x'Fb} hf]uagL;Dd /]n;]jf lj:tf/ u/], To;af6 nfeflGjt x'g g]kfnn] /ª\u]nLaf6 lj/f6gu/;Dd Jojl:yt ;8sdfu{ agfof] . vf]nfvf]N;fdf sf7]k'n xfNof] . uf]?uf8f, 3f]8f / k}bn ofq'sf nflu ;xh af6f] aGof] . ca df]/ªnfO{ ef/te"ldsf] snsQf;Dd / cem ;d'b|;Dd hf]8\g klxn]sf x]/L w]/} ;lhnf] eof] . p;a]nf xfdL;Fu df]6/uf8L gePsfn] olt ef}lts ljsf; kof{Kt lyof] . -cem kl5 cfP/ ;b/d'sfdnfO{ /ª\u]nLaf6 lj/f6gu/d} ;fl/of] ._

/ª\u]nLaf6 lj/f6gu/ hf]8\g] af6f] vGg] qmddf sl;{ofg]/ xf] Sof/ Ps ljzfn ‘tfnf’ e]l6of] . pSt tfnf b'O{ dg -Ps dg a/fa/ #&=#@$ s]hL x'G5_ sf] lyof] elgPsf] 5 / pSt tfnf sf7df8f}Fl:yt /fli6«o ;ª\u|xfnodf ;'/lIft 5 elgG5 . ;f] tfnf rGb|zdz]/sf 5f]/f s]z/zdz]/n] sf7df8f}F nu]sf x'g\ .

pg} s]z/zdz]/n] oxL tfnf e]6]sf] cfwf/df lj/f6 /fhf oxfF zf;g uy{] eG7fg]/ xfd|f] uf]u|fxfnfO{ lj/f6gu/ eGg" eGg] cfb]z lbPsf x'g\ . ctM xfd|f] lj/f6gu/sf] gfd k|frLg x'Fb} xf]Og . lj/f6gu/sf] cfhsf] ldN; Pl/of / ToxfFaf6 pQ/sf a:tLnfO{ klxn] g]kfnuGh klg elgGYof] /] . cab]lv h;n] o; 7fpFnfO{ g]kfnuGh eG5, p;nfO{ 8fFl8g]5 eGg] pbL{ ;'gfOPsf] lyof] . Ps hgfn] pSt :yfgnfO{ g]kfnuGh eGof] eg]/ Ps ?lkofF 8fFl8Psf] -b08 lt/fOPsf]_ lyof] /] . cfkm" bl08t x'g'k/]sf] ckdfgsf sf/0f cof{n y/sf] pSt JolSt af/f lhNnfsf] sn}ofdf a;fOF ;/L uP eGg] syf d}n] ;'g]sf] 5' .

$= lj/f6gu/sf] kf}/fl0fstfnfO{ ‘l;4’ ug{ b'xaL, u9L, vgf/, uf}/LuGh, uf}/fbx, sLrsjw, x/}Frf / ch'{gwf/f;DaGwL cg]s ls+jbGtL slyPsf 5g\ . cem o;}nfO{ yk ‘k|:6’ ug{ xfdLn] rfnL;–k}FtfnL; jif{cl3 x/}Frfdf lj/f6rf]s agfof}F . lj/f6 /fhf;Fu ghf]8] klg lj/f6gu/;Fu hf]8]/ o;nfO{ lj/f6rf]s eg]sf xf}F xfdLn] . oL syf s'g} P]ltxfl;s k|df0fsf cfwf/df, kf}/fl0fs tYosf cfwf/df jf k/Dk/fut hg>'ltsf cfwf/df geO{ s;}n] sy]sf x'g\ .

dfly pNn]lvt rf/ ‘cfwf/’ afx]s cGo s'g} k|df0f, tYo  / cfwf/ xfdL;Fu 5}gg\ . xfd|f] lj/f6gu/ k|frLg dxfef/tsfnLg dT:ob]zsf] /fhwfgL tyf /fhf lj/f6sf] /fhwfgL ;x/ lj/f6gu/L xf] eGg] s'/fnfO{ k'li6 ug{df oL a'Fbf cToGt sdhf]/ b]lvG5g\ .

t/ v';Lsf] s'/f, xfd|f] lj/f6gu/sf] P]ltxfl;stf;Fu o; :yfgnfO{ hf]8\gdf g]kfnsf kqklqsf, :yfgLo a'l4hLjL, /fhgLltsdL{, g]tf, pBf]uL–Jofkf/Ldfq xf]Og, ef/tLo kIf klg nfu]sf] b]lvG5 . ef/tLo kIfaf6 xfd|f] lj/f6gu/sf] P]ltxfl;stfsf] bfaLnfO{ an k'¥ofpg] ‘tYox¿’ x]/f}F .

!= cu:6 @&, @))$ df ef/tsf] k|l;4 b}lgs klqsf ‘b}lgs hfu/0f’n] klg o; :yfg;DaGwL Ps lj:t[t ‘vf]h–cg';Gwfgd"ns’ ;fdu|L k|sflzt u/]sf] lyof] . To;df g]kfnsf] lj/f6gu/nfO{ /fhf lj/f6sf]] /fhwfgL ;x/sf] ¿kdf ef/te/ lrgfOPsf] lyof] .

@= lj/f6gu/af6 s]xL k"j{ s';f{sfF6f ufpFdf Ps k|l;4 lzjfno 5 M ;'Gb/Ld7 -;'Gb/gfy wfd_ . ;'Gb/Ld7df x/]s jif{ ds/ ;ª\qmflGtsf] lbgb]lv ;'? eO{ Ps dlxgf ljzfn d]nf nfU5 . ToxfF ljzfn / eJo lzj–dlGb/ 5 . g]kfn / ef/tsf eSthgsf] s'F8'nf] k'U5 ToxfF . :yfgLox¿ kf08jx¿ pSt lzjfnodf k"hfcfhf ub{y] eGb5g\ . kf08jx¿n] u'Ktjf;sf nflu /fhf lj/f6sxfF hfg'cl3 cfkm\gf ;d:t z:qc:q, n'ufkmf6f, u/uxgf cflb ;'Gb/Ld7l:yt Ps j[Ifsf] 6f]8\sfdf n'sfPsf lyP elgPsf] 5 . ;'Gb/gfywfdsf d7fwLz >L l;+x]Zj/ lul/hLn] åfk/o'udf kfFr kf08jn] o; dlGb/sf] :yfkgf u/]sf / kf08jx¿ oxfF u'Ktjf; a;]sf lyP eg]sf 5g\ . pgn] klg lj/f6 /fhfsf] /fhwfgL xfd|} e]l8of/LnfO{ dfg]sf 5g\ . oL d7fwLz k|frLg ef/tLo Oltxf;sf k|sf08 ljåfg\ dflgG5g\ .

#= ef/tsf] sl6xf/af6 s]xL klZrddf lj/f6k'/ 5 . pSt lj/f6k'/df r08L dftfsf] ‘k'/f0fsfnLg’ dlGb/ 5 / To;df kf08jx¿n] k"hf u/]sf lyP elgPsf] 5 . r08L:yfgglhs} Ps csf{] gofF dlGb/ 5, kf08j dlGb/ . clg klt{/ Pp6f l9:sf] 5 / pSt l9:sfdf kf08jx¿ cfkm\gf] jgjf;sfndf afx| jif{ a;] elgPsf] 5 . o;}a]nf ch'{g / dxfb]jaLr o'4 ePsf] / pSt o'4 g} ls/ftfh'{gLod\sf] d"n syf xf] . ch'{gn] of]uWofg a;]sf] jg of]ujg g} cfhsf] hf]uagL xf] eGg] syf ToxfF nf]slk|o 5 . ch'{gn] hf]uagLd} kfz'ktf:q k|fKt u/]sf lyP /] .

$= ef/t laxf/sf] ;x/;f ;x/sf] pQ/L v08df Ps ‘x;{ ;' n]s’ -gbLn] 5f8L ag]sf] 3'dfp/f] tfn_ 5 . To;nfO{ dT:ouGwf lemn elgG5 . ToxfF dT:ouGwfn] gjhft afns j]bJof;nfO{ af]s]sf] / ;fydf Clif k/f;/ plePsf] d"lt{ :yflkt ul/Psf] 5 . dT:ouGwfn] ToxLF k/f;/ ClifnfO{ gbL tf/]sL x'g\ elgG5 . o;} tfnsf] lsgf/df dT:ouGwf dlGb/ klg 5 . oL syfn] klg dxfef/t syf ot}lt/sf x'g\ eG5g\ .

oL ;a} syf–ls+jbGtLn] xfd|f] lj/f6gu/sf] syfnfO{ ;To ;flat ug{ g} an k'/\ofpF5g\ . xfd|f] lj/f6gu/nfO{ s;n], lsg / slxn] lj/f6gu/ gfd lbof] eGg] af/]df olteGbf Hofbf ghfg] klg k'Unf .  

s] xfd|f] lj/f6gu/ dxfef/tsfnLg /fhf lj/f6;Fu ;DalGwt 5 eGg] s'/f ;To xf] t <

Tof] ;Defjgf d b]lVtgF . /fhf lj/f6 dT:ob]zsf /fhf lyP eGg]df ;a} :ki6 5f}F . xfd|f] lj/f6gu/ dT:ob]zx¿dWo] Ps slxNo} dflgPsf] lyPg . dT:ob]zx¿ ef/tsf] /fh:yfgdf lyP . s]xL dT:oe"ld pQ/k|b]z / dWok|b]zsf] klZrdL v08df klg ky{] . df]/ª ldlynfe"ld lyof], sf]re"ld jf aª\ue"ld lyof], ;]g / kfne"ld lyof] . df]/fxfª e"ld klg lyof] . oxfF a? wgkfn dxf/fhsf ufyf ufOG5g\, c5't /fhf ;nx]; k'lhG5g\, t/ /fhf lj/f6 jf pgsf] j+zsf s'g} /fhfsf] uLt 5}g, syf 5}g, cjz]if 5}g . Oltxf;df ;fdfGo ?lr ePsf] JolStn] klg olt ;To a'em\g ;lhn} ;S5 . o;f] x'Fbfx'Fb} xfd|f] lj/f6gu/nfO{ dT:og/]z lj/f6 / kf08jsf] u'Ktjf;;Fu hf]8\g sf]l;; ug'{ a]sf/sf] s'/f xf] . o;f] ug'{ xfd|f] c1fgtf, 6k/6'OofF ;f]r / 9fF6a'l4sf] k|bz{gdfq xf] .

;TotYolt/ k'Ubf lrq cs{} aG5 . c;nL lj/f6gu/ s'g xf], sxfF 5, cflb ljifodf yk vf]hL ug{ s]xL k|Zg jf lh1f;fsf] af6f] oxfF k|:t't u5'{ M

!= a}/f7 M ef/tsf] /fh:yfgdf Ps :yfg 5 a}/f7 . of] :yfg /fh:yfg /fHosf] /fhwfgL ;x/ hok'/af6 krxQ/ lsnf]ld6/hlt pQ/–k"j{ -cnj/af6 k}FtfnL; lsnf]ld6/hlt klZrd–blIf0f_df Ps kxf8sf] k"jL{ km]bdf cjl:yt 5 . sf]6k'tnL lhNnfdf kg{] o; :yfgnfO{ dT:og/]z lj/f6;Fu hf]8\g ;lsg] ;of}F tYox¿ 5g\ . o;nfO{ ;d|f6\ czf]s / af}4 ultljlw;Fu klg hf]l8G5 . t/ o; :yfgnfO{ lj/f6gu/ geg]/ nfdf] ;do;Dd a}/f7 elgof] . xfn cfP/ ef/tn] o;nfO{ k'gM lj/f6gu/ gfd lbPsf] 5 . ef/t ;/sf/n] oxfF k|fKt b/af/ / cGo ;+/rgfsf eUgfjz]ifx¿nfO{ ;+/lIft u/]sf] 5 .

@= /f7 M ef/t pQ/k|b]z xld/k'/ lhNnfdf 5 ;fgf] ;x/ /f7 . of] dWok|b]z;Fu hf]l8g] :yfg xf] . o; :yfgnfO{ klg :yfgLox¿ åfk/o'uLg lj/f6gu/L xf] eg]/ bfaL ub{5g\ . o; egfOnfO{ k'li6 ug{ cg]s ;+/rgf / v08x/nfO{ pgLx¿ b]vfpF5g\ . xfd|f] lj/f6gu/;Fu eGbf a9L ‘k|df0f’, v08x/, syf / cfTdljZjf; pgLx¿;Fu 5 .

t/ lj/f6gu/ gfdsf :yfg oltdfq xf]Ogg\ . g]kfnleq /fhf lj/f6 / lj/f6gu/;Fu ;flGgWo /fVg] s]xL :yfg x]/f}F M

!= lj/f6 uflj; / kf08ju'kmf uflj; M h'Dnf lhNnfdf lj/f6 uflj; lyof] . glhs} kf08ju'kmf eGg] csf{] uflj; lyof] . oL :yfg xfn sgsf;'Gb/L ufpFkflnsfdf k5{g\ .

@=lj/f6rf]s M df]/ªsf] ;'Gb/x/}Frf gu/kflnsfdf lj/f6rf]s gfdsf] 7"nf] ahf/ 5 . k'/fgf] ufpF x/}Frfahf/ hfg] af6f] ePsf] 7fpF x/}Frfdf]8 g} cfhsf] lj/f6rf]s xf] .

lj/f6gu/;Fu ;flGgWo b]lvg] c¿  ef/t tyf aª\unfb]zsf ufpF, a:tL, 6f]n / gu/x¿ klg x]/f}F M 

!=  /fh:yfgsf] ‘P]ltxfl;s lj/f6gu/’sf] !% lsnf]ld6/ klZrd–pQ/df cgt]nf ufpFg]/ csf{] ufpF 5, h;nfO{ lj/f6gu/ elgPsf] 5  . /fh:yfgs} eLnjf8f ;x/sf] pQ/L v08df csf{] lj/f6gu/ 5 . a}/f7 cyf{t\ hok'/g]/sf] lj/f6gu/af6 of] nueu #)) lsnf]ld6/ blIf0f -s]xL klZrd klg_ df k5{ .

@= u'h/ftsf] 9f]nsf ;x/df lj/f6gu/L gfdsf] Ps Ans 5 . dWok|b]zsf ;tgf, OGbf}/, pHh}g, pd/L u/L rf/ ;x/df cnu–cnu lj/f6gu/ 5g\ . dxf/fi6«sf] lj/f/ -gfnf ;f]k/f ;x/g]/sf] ;fgf] ;x/_df, u'h/ftsf] cxdbfafbdf, t]nfª\ufgfsf] x}b/fafb, s0ff{6ssf] a}ª\Unf]/df, laxf/sf] aS;/df clg klZrd aª\ufnsf] uª\uf;fu/af6 clns k"j{df klg km/s–km/s lj/f6gu/ pkgu/ jf Ans 5g\ . ef/t laxf/sf] b/eª\ufaf6 sl/a $% lsnf]ld6/ blIf0f–k"j{df lj/f6rf}s gfdsf] :yfg 5 .

#= ef/t pl8;fsf] s6s ;x/glhs} rf}åf/ eGg] 7fpFdf Ps lsNnf 5, To;sf] gfd lj/f6u9L xf] . ch'{gn] slnª\ub]zsL /fhsGof;Fu ljjfx u/]sf, s]xL ;do ToxLF a;]sf syf 5g\ . pl8;fsL k|l;4 n]lvsf k|ltef /fon] cfkm\gf] ljZjk|l;4 pkGof; ‘of1;]gL’df o; syfnfO{ lj:t[t ¿kdf n]v]sL 5g\ . p;a]nfsf] slnª\ub]z g} cfhsf] pl8;f xf] .

$= aª\unfb]zsf] dod'gl;+x ;x/af6 Ps ;o lsnf]ld6/hlt k"j{–blIf0fdf s'l;of/f gbLsf] lsgf/ chld/LuGhdf lj/f6u|fd clg wfl/of gbLlsgf/sf] nfndf]lg/xf6;Fu} lj/f6ahf/ gfdsf 7fpF 5g\ .  

vf]hL ub{} hfg] xf] eg] krf;f}F lj/f6gu/ e]l6g]5g\ . pbfx/0fsf nflu dfq d}n] g]kfn, ef/t / aª\unfb]zleqsf rf}w–kGw|j6f 7"nf–;fgf lj/f6gu/ b]vfPF . tLdWo] cfwfplwdfq k"0f{ cfsf/sf ufpF jf ;x/ x'g\, afFsL sf]nf]gL of 6f]ndfq x'g\ . ;doqmddf ltgn] klg k|frLg lj/f6gu/ cfkm\g} /x]sf] bfaL ug{]5g\ . ltgn] /fhf lj/f6, pgsf 5f]/fx¿ pQ/, zª\v, Zj]t clg 5f]/L pQ/f / kfFr kf08j 3'd]sf 7fpF xfdLn] agfPsf eGbf kTof/nfUbf l;h{gf ug{ yfNg]5g\ . clg ;Kt/Lsf] a/dlemofdf ;oeGbf a9L c;nL a"9f] afh]sf] k]8f e08f/ v'n]em}F x'g]5 . xfdLn] tL ;a}nfO{ c;nL dfg]em}F xfd|f ;Gtltn] ef/t, aª\unfb]z, g]kfnel/ c;nL lj/f6gu/ b]v]/ /ge'Nndf kg{]5g\ . 

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